{"id":874,"date":"2026-04-17T13:15:13","date_gmt":"2026-04-17T09:45:13","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/cosmalore.com\/ar\/2026\/04\/17\/%d9%83%d9%8a%d9%86%d8%b4%d8%a7%d8%b3%d8%a7\/"},"modified":"2026-04-17T13:15:13","modified_gmt":"2026-04-17T09:45:13","slug":"%d9%83%d9%8a%d9%86%d8%b4%d8%a7%d8%b3%d8%a7","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/cosmalore.com\/ar\/wiki\/%d9%83%d9%8a%d9%86%d8%b4%d8%a7%d8%b3%d8%a7\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0643\u064a\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0633\u0627"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"geo-wrap\">\n<figure class=\"geo-img-main\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/1\/18\/La_Gombe%2C_Kinshasa%2C_RDC_%28cropped%29.jpg\" alt=\"\u0643\u064a\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0633\u0627\" loading=\"eager\" fetchpriority=\"high\"><figcaption>\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0643\u064a\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0633\u0627<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<div class=\"geo-intro\">\n<p>\u0643\u064a\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0633\u0627 \u0647\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0635\u0645\u0629 \u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0646\u063a\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u062f\u0646\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0642\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0636\u0641\u0627\u0641 \u0646\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0646\u063a\u0648. \u062a\u0623\u0633\u0633\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 1881<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Kinshasa\" title=\"N|\u0648\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0628\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0627|2022\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[1]<\/a><\/sup> \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u064a\u062f \u0647\u0646\u0631\u064a \u0645\u0648\u0631\u062a\u0648\u0646 \u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0633\u0645\u064a\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u064a\u0648\u0648\u0628\u0648\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0644. \u062a\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0637\u0648\u0644 \u0646\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0646\u063a\u0648\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u062f\u0646 \u0623\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0627.<\/p>\n<p>\u062a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0643\u064a\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0633\u0627 \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064b\u0627 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0647\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0649\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u0628\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628\u0629 \u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0645\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0642\u0628. \u0648\u0641\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a\u060c \u064a\u0628\u0644\u063a \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 12 \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0646\u0633\u0645\u0629<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.citypopulation.de\/CongoDemRep-Cities.html\" title=\"N|\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631|2020\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[2]<\/a><\/sup>\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u062f\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646.<\/p>\n<p>\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0644\u0639\u0628\u062a \u0643\u064a\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0633\u0627 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0647\u0627\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0623\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0649\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0648\u0628. \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645\u060c \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0643\u064a\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0633\u0627 \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0647\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0638\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0627.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"geo-table-wrap\">\n<div class=\"geo-table-title\">\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629<\/div>\n<table class=\"geo-info-table\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<th>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a<\/th>\n<td class=\"geo-val\">\u0643\u064a\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0633\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f | \u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0646\u063a\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0633\u064a\u0633 | 1881<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Kinshasa\" title=\"N|\u0648\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0628\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0627|2022\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[1]<\/a><\/sup> \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633 | \u0647\u0646\u0631\u064a \u0645\u0648\u0631\u062a\u0648\u0646 \u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 | \u0623\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b\u064a\u0627\u062a | 4.33\u00b0 \u0633\u060c 15.31\u00b0 \u0634 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0629 | 9965 \u0643\u064a\u0644\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631 \u0645\u0631\u0628\u0639<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.citypopulation.de\/CongoDemRep-Cities.html\" title=\"N|\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631|2020\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[2]<\/a><\/sup> \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0639\u0646 \u0633\u0637\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631 | 240 \u0645\u062a\u0631<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Kinshasa\" title=\"N|\u0648\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0628\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0627|2022\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[1]<\/a><\/sup> \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646 | 12.7 \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.citypopulation.de\/CongoDemRep-Cities.html\" title=\"N|\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631|2020\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[2]<\/a><\/sup> \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0636\u0631\u064a\u0629 | 17.1 \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.citypopulation.de\/CongoDemRep-Cities.html\" title=\"N|\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631|2020\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[2]<\/a><\/sup> \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062b\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 | 2100 \u0646\u0633\u0645\u0629\/\u0643\u064a\u0644\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631 \u0645\u0631\u0628\u0639<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.citypopulation.de\/CongoDemRep-Cities.html\" title=\"N|\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631|2020\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[2]<\/a><\/sup><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"geo-map-wrap\">\n<div class=\"geo-table-title\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0629<\/div>\n<p><iframe src=\"https:\/\/www.openstreetmap.org\/export\/embed.html?bbox=15.13616319,-4.409835065,15.48772569,-4.234053815&amp;layer=mapnik&amp;marker=-4.32194444,15.31194444\" width=\"100%\" height=\"280\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" loading=\"lazy\" title=\"\u0643\u064a\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0633\u0627\"><\/iframe><\/div>\n<figure class=\"geo-img-locator\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/staticmap.openstreetmap.de\/staticmap.php?center=-4.32194444,15.31194444&amp;zoom=10&amp;size=600x300&amp;markers=-4.32194444,15.31194444,red\" alt=\"\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0629 \u0643\u064a\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0633\u0627\" loading=\"lazy\" onerror=\"this.closest('figure').style.display='none'\"><figcaption>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0644\u0640\u0643\u064a\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0633\u0627<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<div class=\"geo-article\">\n<h3>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a<\/h3>\n<p>\u062a\u0642\u0639 \u0643\u064a\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0633\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628 \u063a\u0631\u0628 \u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0646\u063a\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0636\u0641\u0627\u0641 \u0646\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0646\u063a\u0648<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/\u0646\u0647\u0631_\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0646\u063a\u0648\" title=\"\u0646\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0646\u063a\u0648\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[1]<\/a><\/sup>. \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0635\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/\u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629_\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0646\u063a\u0648_\u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629\" title=\"\u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0646\u063a\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[2]<\/a><\/sup>. \u062a\u0642\u0639 \u0643\u064a\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0633\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u0629 \u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u064a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0644\u0633\u064a<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u064a\u0637_\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0644\u0633\u064a\" title=\"\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u064a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0644\u0633\u064a\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[3]<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/h3>\n<p>\u062a\u0628\u0644\u063a \u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0643\u064a\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0633\u0627 \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a 9965 \u0643\u064a\u0644\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631\u0627 \u0645\u0631\u0628\u0639\u0627<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/\u0643\u064a\u0644\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631_\u0645\u0631\u0628\u0639\" title=\"\u0643\u064a\u0644\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631 \u0645\u0631\u0628\u0639\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[4]<\/a><\/sup>. \u0648\u062a\u0639\u062f \u0643\u064a\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0633\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0629<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629_\u0645\u062f\u0646_\u0623\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0627_\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u0649\" title=\"\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u062f\u0646 \u0623\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u0649\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[5]<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u062e<\/h3>\n<p>\u062a\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u0643\u064a\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0633\u0627 \u0628\u0645\u0646\u0627\u062e \u0631\u0637\u0628 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0626\u064a<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/\u0645\u0646\u0627\u062e_\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0626\u064a\" title=\"\u0645\u0646\u0627\u062e \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0626\u064a\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[6]<\/a><\/sup>. \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0648\u062d \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 20 \u064830 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629_\u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629\" title=\"\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[7]<\/a><\/sup>\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0633\u0642\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u063a\u0632\u064a\u0631 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0641<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/\u0635\u064a\u0641\" title=\"\u0635\u064a\u0641\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[8]<\/a><\/sup>. ## \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e<\/p>\n<h3>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645<\/h3>\n<p>\u0623\u0633\u0633\u062a \u0643\u064a\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0633\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 1881<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/1881\" title=\"1881\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[9]<\/a><\/sup>\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u062a\u0633\u0645\u0649 \u0622\u0646\u0630\u0627\u0643 \u0644\u064a\u0648\u067e\u0648\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0644<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0628\u0648\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0644\" title=\"\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0628\u0648\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0644\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[10]<\/a><\/sup>. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0633\u0645\u064a\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643 \u0644\u064a\u0648\u0628\u0648\u0644\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0645\u0644\u0643 \u0628\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0643\u0627<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0628\u0648\u0644\u062f_\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\" title=\"\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0628\u0648\u0644\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[11]<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0643\u064a<\/h3>\n<p>\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0643\u064a\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0633\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0633\u064a\u0637\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0643\u0627<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/\u0628\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0643\u0627\" title=\"\u0628\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0643\u0627\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[12]<\/a><\/sup>. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0634\u0647\u062f\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0627\u064b \u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0627\u064b \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631\" title=\"\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[13]<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644<\/h3>\n<p>\u062d\u0635\u0644\u062a \u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0646\u063a\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 1960<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/1960\" title=\"1960\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[14]<\/a><\/sup>. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d\u062a \u0643\u064a\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0633\u0627 \u0639\u0627\u0635\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0645\u0629\" title=\"\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0645\u0629\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[15]<\/a><\/sup>. ## \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629<\/p>\n<h3>\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646<\/h3>\n<p>\u064a\u0628\u0644\u063a \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0643\u064a\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0633\u0627 \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a 12 \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0634\u062e\u0635<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646\" title=\"\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[16]<\/a><\/sup>. \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u062f\u0646 \u0623\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629_\u0645\u062f\u0646_\u0623\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0627_\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u0649\" title=\"\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u062f\u0646 \u0623\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u0649\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[17]<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0629<\/h3>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u064a\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0633\u0627 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0629<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0629\" title=\"\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0629\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[18]<\/a><\/sup>. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0646\u063a\u0627\u0644\u0627<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/\u0644\u064a\u0646\u063a\u0627\u0644\u0627\" title=\"\u0644\u064a\u0646\u063a\u0627\u0644\u0627\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[19]<\/a><\/sup> \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646\u063a\u0648<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/\u0643\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646\u063a\u0648\" title=\"\u0643\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646\u063a\u0648\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[20]<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0629<\/h3>\n<p>\u062a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0643\u064a\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0633\u0627 \u0623\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0622\u0633\u064a\u0648\u064a\u064a\u0646<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0648\u0646\" title=\"\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0648\u0646\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[21]<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/\u0622\u0633\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0648\u0646\" title=\"\u0622\u0633\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0648\u0646\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[22]<\/a><\/sup>. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0643\u0648\u0646\u063a\u0648<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/\u0628\u0627\u0643\u0648\u0646\u063a\u0648\" title=\"\u0628\u0627\u0643\u0648\u0646\u063a\u0648\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[23]<\/a><\/sup>. ## \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f<\/p>\n<h3>\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629<\/h3>\n<p>\u062a\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0623\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u044d\u043a\u043e\u043d\u043e\u043c\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u064a\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0633\u0627<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629\" title=\"\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[24]<\/a><\/sup>. \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0636\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0635\u0627\u0646\u0639 \u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0633\u0648\u062c\u0627\u062a<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0629\" title=\"\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0629\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[25]<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/\u0645\u0646\u0633\u0648\u062c\u0627\u062a\" title=\"\u0645\u0646\u0633\u0648\u062c\u0627\u062a\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[26]<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0629<\/h3>\n<p>\u062a\u0639\u062f \u0643\u064a\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0633\u0627 \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u0627\u064b \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0647\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0627<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0629\" title=\"\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0629\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[27]<\/a><\/sup>. \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0633\u0648\u0642 \u0644\u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0647\u0648\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0643\u0627\u0648<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/\u0642\u0647\u0648\u0629\" title=\"\u0642\u0647\u0648\u0629\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[28]<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/\u0643\u0627\u0643\u0627\u0648\" title=\"\u0643\u0627\u0643\u0627\u0648\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[29]<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0627\u0644\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0629<\/h3>\n<p>\u062a\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639\u0627\u064b \u0647\u0627\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0643\u064a\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0633\u0627<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0629\" title=\"\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0629\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[30]<\/a><\/sup>. \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644 Arbor<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/\u0630\u0631\u0629\" title=\"\u0630\u0631\u0629\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[31]<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/\u0623\u0631\u0628\u0631\" title=\"\u0623\u0631\u0628\u0631\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[32]<\/a><\/sup>. ## \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629<\/p>\n<h3>\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u064a<\/h3>\n<p>\u062a\u0639\u062f \u0643\u064a\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0633\u0627 \u0639\u0627\u0635\u0645\u0629 \u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0646\u063a\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/\u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629_\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0646\u063a\u0648_\u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629\" title=\"\u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0646\u063a\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[33]<\/a><\/sup>. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u062a\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u0631\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0631\u0645\u0632 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/\u0628\u0631\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\" title=\"\u0628\u0631\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[34]<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633_\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629\" title=\"\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[35]<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0633\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a<\/h3>\n<p>\u062a\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0643\u064a\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0633\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0637\u0639\u0627\u062a<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0637\u0639\u0629\" title=\"\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0637\u0639\u0629\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[36]<\/a><\/sup>. \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0643\u064a\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0633\u0627 \u0648\u0643\u064a\u0646\u062f\u0648 \u0648\u0643\u064a\u0628\u0627\u0646\u0627 \u0648\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u062a\u064a<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/\u0643\u064a\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0633\u0627_(\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0637\u0639\u0629)\" title=\"\u0643\u064a\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0633\u0627 (\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0637\u0639\u0629)\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[37]<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"ref\"><a<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0643\u064a\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0633\u0627 \u0643\u064a\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0633\u0627 \u0647\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0635\u0645\u0629 \u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0646\u063a\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u062f\u0646\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0642\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0636\u0641\u0627\u0641 \u0646\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0646\u063a\u0648. \u062a\u0623\u0633\u0633\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 1881[1] \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u064a\u062f \u0647\u0646\u0631\u064a \u0645\u0648\u0631\u062a\u0648\u0646 \u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0633\u0645\u064a\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u064a\u0648\u0648\u0628\u0648\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0644. \u062a\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0637\u0648\u0644 \u0646\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0646\u063a\u0648\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u062f\u0646 \u0623\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0627. \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0643\u064a\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0633\u0627 \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064b\u0627 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0647\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a &#8230; <a title=\"\u0643\u064a\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0633\u0627\" class=\"read-more\" href=\"https:\/\/cosmalore.com\/ar\/wiki\/%d9%83%d9%8a%d9%86%d8%b4%d8%a7%d8%b3%d8%a7\/\" aria-label=\"Read more about \u0643\u064a\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0633\u0627\">\u0627\u0642\u0631\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u064a\u062f<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":873,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[45,55],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-874","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-45","category-55"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/cosmalore.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/874","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/cosmalore.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/cosmalore.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cosmalore.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cosmalore.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=874"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/cosmalore.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/874\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cosmalore.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/873"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/cosmalore.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=874"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cosmalore.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=874"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cosmalore.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=874"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}