{"id":863,"date":"2026-08-02T01:00:49","date_gmt":"2026-08-02T01:00:49","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/cosmalore.com\/ar\/?p=863"},"modified":"2026-08-09T00:37:50","modified_gmt":"2026-08-09T00:37:50","slug":"anglo-zulu-war","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/cosmalore.com\/ar\/2026\/08\/02\/anglo-zulu-war\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u063a\u0644\u0648-\u0632\u0648\u0644\u0648"},"content":{"rendered":"

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\n
\n [1]<\/a>
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\n [2]<\/a>
\n <\/sup>\n <\/p>\n

\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
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\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0625\u064a\u0633\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0627<\/td>\n22 \u064a\u0646\u0627\u064a\u0631 1879 \u2014 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0631 \u0632\u0648\u0644\u0648\u064a \u0633\u0627\u062d\u0642<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0631\u0648\u0631\u0643 \u062f\u0631\u0641\u062a<\/td>\n22-23 \u064a\u0646\u0627\u064a\u0631 1879 \u2014 \u0635\u0645\u0648\u062f \u0628\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a\u060c 11 \u0635\u0644\u064a\u0628 \u0641\u064a\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0623\u0648\u0644\u0646\u062f\u064a<\/td>\n4 \u064a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0648 1879 \u2014 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a \u062d\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0648\u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0645\u0635\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643<\/td>\n\u0623\u064f\u0633\u0631 \u0633\u064a\u062a\u0634\u0648\u0627\u064a\u0648 \u0648\u0646\u064f\u0641\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0643\u064a\u0628 \u062a\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u062b\u0645 \u0644\u0646\u062f\u0646<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0645\u0635\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629<\/td>\n\u062a\u0642\u0633\u064a\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 13 \u0625\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0629\u060c \u062b\u0645 \u0636\u0645\u0651\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0627\u0645 1887\u0645<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n
COSMALORE \u00b7 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0633\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629<\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n

\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0648\u0644\u0648<\/h2>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0623\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621: \u0634\u0627\u0643\u0627 \u0648\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629<\/h3>\n

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\n
\n [3]<\/a>
\n <\/sup>
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\n
\n [4]<\/a>
\n <\/sup>\n <\/p>\n

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\n
\n [1]<\/a>
\n <\/sup>\n <\/p>\n

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\n
\n [5]<\/a>
\n <\/sup>
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\n
\n [6]<\/a>
\n <\/sup>\n <\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0630\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064f\u062d\u0643\u0645: \u0630\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0635\u0646\u0648\u0639\u0629<\/h3>\n

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\n
\n [7]<\/a>
\n <\/sup>
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\n
\n [8]<\/a>
\n <\/sup>\n <\/p>\n

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\n
\n [9]<\/a>
\n <\/sup>\n <\/p>\n

\u0625\u064a\u0633\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0627: \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0631\u062b\u0629<\/h2>\n

\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u064a\u0646\u0627\u064a\u0631 1879<\/h3>\n

\n \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u064a\u0646\u0627\u064a\u0631 1879\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0645\u0627 \u063a\u064a\u0651\u0631 \u0645\u062c\u0631\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0648\u0635\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0637\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629<\/a> \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645\u0647\u0627. \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u0631\u062f \u062a\u0634\u064a\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0641\u0648\u0631\u062f \u0642\u062f \u062e\u0631\u062c \u0641\u062c\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0628\u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0648\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0645\u0627 \u0638\u0646\u0651\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0648\u0644\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u060c \u062a\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0627\u064b \u062e\u0644\u0641\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u062a\u0644 \u0625\u064a\u0633\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0627 \u0642\u0648\u0629\u064b \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0646\u062d\u0648 1,700 \u0625\u0644\u0649 1,800 \u0631\u062c\u0644 \u0628\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u064a\u062f \u0647\u0646\u0631\u064a \u0628\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0646\u060c \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u064f\u062d\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0635\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0631\u0628\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0641\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 (\u0644\u0627\u063a\u064a\u0631) \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a. \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0633\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0636\u062d\u0649\u060c \u0627\u0643\u062a\u0634\u0641 \u062c\u0646\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0639 \u0628\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0636\u0629 \u0645\u0627 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u062d\u062f \u064a\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639\u0647: \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u062a\u062c\u062b\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0648\u0627\u062f\u064d \u0645\u062a\u062e\u0641\u064d\u0651 \u062e\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0632\u0648\u0644\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0646\u062d\u0648 20,000 \u0625\u0644\u0649 24,000 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0631\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0635\u0645\u062a \u062a\u0627\u0645 \u2014 \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0648\u0644\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0638\u0627\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u0647\u062c\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u062c\u0626.
\n
\n [7]<\/a>
\n <\/sup>
\n \u0627\u0646\u0637\u0644\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0648\u0644\u0648\u064a \u0628\u062a\u0643\u062a\u064a\u0643 \u00ab\u0631\u0623\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u00bb \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0643\u064a \u0628\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0639\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0639 \u0646\u062a\u0634\u064a\u0646\u063a\u0648\u0627\u064a\u0648 \u0643\u0627\u0645\u0627\u0647\u0648\u0644\u064a: \u0642\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a \u062a\u0642\u062f\u0651\u0645 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629\u064b \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u060c \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0646\u0637\u0644\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0627\u062d\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0631\u064a\u064d \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u064d \u0645\u062d\u064a\u0637\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628\u064e\u064a\u0647. \u062d\u0627\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0634\u062c\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u0628\u0644\u0648\u0627 \u0628\u0644\u0627\u0621\u064b \u062d\u0633\u0646\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u062a\u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u062f\u0642 \u0645\u0627\u0631\u062a\u064a\u0646\u064a-\u0647\u0646\u0631\u064a \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0649\u060c \u0628\u064a\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u062a\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0631\u062a \u0644\u062a\u064f\u062d\u0648\u0651\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0643\u0627\u0631\u062b\u0629: \u0641\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0641\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0645\u062a\u062f\u0651 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0634\u0627\u0633\u0639\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0636\u0639\u0641 \u0643\u062b\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0644 \u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0623\u062d\u0631\u062c \u0644\u062d\u0638\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0648\u062f \u0623\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0630\u062e\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0635\u0627\u0639\u0642\u0629 \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0623\u062e\u0651\u0631 \u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064f\u063a\u0644\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0641\u064a \u063a\u0645\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a \u062d\u062f\u062b \u0627\u0646\u0647\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u062e\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0623\u062a\u0627\u062d \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0648\u0644\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062c\u0627\u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u064f\u062a\u0642\u0646\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0645\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0632. \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0633\u0627\u0639\u062a\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 1,300 \u062c\u0646\u062f\u064a \u0628\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0623\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a \u0645\u062a\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0641 \u0642\u062f \u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627 \u062d\u062a\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0644 \u0625\u064a\u0633\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0632\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0625\u064a\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u0635\u0627\u0628\u062a \u062c\u064a\u0634\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0642.
\n
\n [10]<\/a>
\n <\/sup>\n <\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0631\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629: \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0649 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0632\u064a\u0645\u0629<\/h3>\n

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\n
\n [1]<\/a>
\n <\/sup>\n <\/p>\n

\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0643 \u062f\u0631\u0641\u062a: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0630\u0627\u062a\u0647<\/h2>\n

\n \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0630\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0634\u0647\u062f \u0643\u0627\u0631\u062b\u0629 \u0625\u064a\u0633\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0627 \u2014 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u064a\u0646\u0627\u064a\u0631 1879\u0645 \u2014 \u062a\u0648\u062c\u0651\u0647\u062a \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0632\u0648\u0644\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0624\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0646 3,000 \u0625\u0644\u0649 4,000 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0631\u0628 \u0628\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u0628\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0632\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0647 (\u0623\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643 \u0633\u064a\u062a\u0634\u0648\u0627\u064a\u0648) \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0645\u062d\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u062f\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0631\u0648\u0631\u0643 \u062f\u0631\u0641\u062a (KwaJimu)\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0639\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0643\u064a\u0644\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0631\u062b\u0629. \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0637\u0629 \u062a\u064f\u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0647\u0632\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0647\u0627 139 \u0625\u0644\u0649 153 \u062c\u0646\u062f\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627\u064b\u060c \u064a\u0642\u0648\u062f\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0634\u0627\u0628\u0651\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u064a\u0633\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0646: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0632\u0645 \u062c\u0648\u0646 \u0634\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0633\u0644\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0632\u0645 \u063a\u0648\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0644 \u0628\u0631\u0648\u0645\u0647\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646. \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0641\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u064b \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0636\u0649 \u064a\u064f\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064e\u062c\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0641\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0644\u0651\u0648\u0627 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0631\u063a\u0645 \u062c\u0631\u0648\u062d\u0647\u0645 \u0648\u0645\u0631\u0636\u0647\u0645.
\n
\n [11]<\/a>
\n <\/sup>
\n \u0644\u0645\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u062b\u0646\u062a\u064a \u0639\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0633\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u2014 \u0627\u0645\u062a\u062f\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0631 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0641\u062c\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a \u2014 \u062f\u0627\u0641\u0639\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u062a\u062d\u0635\u0651\u0646\u062a \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u062e\u0644\u0641 \u062c\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0643\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0633\u0643\u0648\u064a\u062a \u0648\u0635\u0646\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0642 \u0630\u062e\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0639\u0631\u0628\u0627\u062a \u064a\u062f \u0645\u0642\u0644\u0648\u0628\u0629. \u062a\u0643\u0631\u0651\u0631\u062a \u0647\u062c\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0648\u0644\u0648 \u0628\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0648\u0632\u062e\u0645 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0646\u0642\u0637\u0639\u060c \u062a\u0645\u0643\u0651\u0646\u0648\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0639\u0636\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629\u060c \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0641\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0648\u0627 \u0648\u0635\u0645\u062f\u0648\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062e\u0637\u0648\u0637 \u0645\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0629. \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0641\u062c\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u0648\u0635\u0644 \u0639\u0645\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062c\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0648\u062c\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0637\u0629 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0632\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0623\u064a\u062f\u064a \u0645\u062f\u0627\u0641\u0639\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0648\u0642\u0639\u062a \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u062a\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0648\u0644\u0648. \u062e\u0633\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0646 15 \u0642\u062a\u064a\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0648\u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0639\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u062c\u0631\u062d\u0649\u060c \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u0642\u064f\u062f\u0651\u0631\u062a \u062e\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0648\u0644\u0648 \u0628\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 600 \u0642\u062a\u064a\u0644. \u0645\u0646\u062d\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0639\u0634\u0631 \u0648\u0633\u0627\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0635\u0644\u064a\u0628 \u0641\u064a\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627 (Victoria Cross)\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0631\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0634\u062c\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u064a\u064f\u0645\u0646\u062d \u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a.
\n
\n [10]<\/a>
\n <\/sup>\n <\/p>\n

\n \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0643 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062a\u062e\u064a\u0651\u0644 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u0637\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0645\u0648\u062f \u0637\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639. \u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0627.
\n \u2014 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u0631\u062f \u062a\u0634\u064a\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0641\u0648\u0631\u062f\u060c \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u064a\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0639\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0631\u0648\u0631\u0643 \u062f\u0631\u0641\u062a\u060c \u064a\u0646\u0627\u064a\u0631 1879\u0645<\/strong>\n <\/p><\/blockquote>\n

\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a<\/h2>\n

\u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0626\u0646\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0632\u0648<\/h3>\n

\n \u0623\u062d\u062f\u062b\u062a \u0643\u0627\u0631\u062b\u0629 \u0625\u064a\u0633\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0627 \u0635\u062f\u0645\u0629\u064b \u0639\u0645\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u0641\u0639\u062a \u0644\u0646\u062f\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0628 \u062e\u0648\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0636\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0648\u0644\u0648. \u0623\u0631\u0633\u0644\u062a \u0628\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0636\u062e\u0645\u0629 \u0631\u0641\u0639\u062a \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639 \u0642\u0648\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628 \u0623\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u062d\u0648 17,000 \u062c\u0646\u062f\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0634\u0631\u0639\u062a \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0628 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u062d\u0630\u0631\u0627\u064b: \u062a\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u062e\u0637\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u062f\u0627\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0625\u0642\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0635\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0641\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0639\u060c \u0648\u062f\u0641\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0628\u0637\u0621 \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u0639 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u0643\u062b\u0651\u0641\u0629. \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633 1879\u0645\u060c \u0623\u0648\u0642\u0639\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0648\u0644\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0645\u064a\u0646\u0627\u064b \u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0647\u0644\u0648\u0628\u0627\u0646 (Hlobane)\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0633\u0641\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u062e\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u0651\u062f \u0645\u062c\u062f\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u062a\u064a\u0643\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0639 \u0644\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0648\u0644\u0648\u064a. \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u2014 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u062e\u0627\u0645\u0628\u0648\u0644\u0627 (Khambula) \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633 1879\u0645 \u2014 \u062a\u0645\u0643\u0651\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u064a\u062f \u0625\u064a\u0641\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0648\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0642 \u062e\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0641\u0627\u062f\u062d\u0629 \u0628\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0632\u0648\u0644\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0641 \u062f\u0641\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0645\u062d\u0635\u0651\u0646\u060c \u0641\u0642\u064f\u062a\u0644 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 2,000 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0631\u0628 \u0632\u0648\u0644\u0648\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u062e\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0628\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u0629. \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u062a\u064f\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644\u0629 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u0645\u062a\u0649 \u062e\u0627\u0636\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u062f\u0641\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0645\u062d\u0635\u0651\u0646.
\n
\n [12]<\/a>
\n <\/sup>\n <\/p>\n

\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0623\u0648\u0644\u0646\u062f\u064a: \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0629<\/h2>\n

\n \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u064a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0648 1879\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0642\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u0631\u062f \u062a\u0634\u064a\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0641\u0648\u0631\u062f \u062a\u0642\u062a\u0631\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0648\u0644\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648\u0644\u0646\u062f\u064a (oNdini)\u060c \u0623\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0633\u064a\u062a\u0634\u0648\u0627\u064a\u0648 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u064a\u0627\u0626\u0633\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u0636 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u0634\u064a\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0641\u0648\u0631\u062f \u2014 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0642\u0644\u0642\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0648\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u063a\u0627\u0631\u0646\u064a\u062a \u0648\u0648\u0644\u0633\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0623\u064f\u0648\u0641\u062f \u0644\u064a\u062d\u0644\u0651 \u0645\u062d\u0644\u0651\u0647 \u0648\u064a\u062d\u0631\u0645\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u062b\u0645\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0631 \u2014 \u0631\u0641\u0636 \u0623\u064a \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u0636 \u0648\u0623\u0635\u0631\u0651 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0635\u0644\u0629. \u062a\u062c\u0645\u0651\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0648\u0644\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a \u0628\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0646\u062d\u0648 15,000 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0631\u0628 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0623\u0648\u0644\u0646\u062f\u064a \u0648\u0634\u0646\u0651 \u0647\u062c\u0648\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u062a\u062a\u0634\u0643\u0651\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u00ab\u0645\u0631\u0628\u0639 \u0623\u062c\u0648\u0641\u00bb (hollow square) \u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u062c\u0651\u062c\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0628\u0646\u0627\u062f\u0642 \u0645\u0627\u0631\u062a\u064a\u0646\u064a-\u0647\u0646\u0631\u064a \u0648\u062e\u0644\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u062f\u0641\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u064a\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0642\u0637\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062f\u0641\u0639 \u063a\u0627\u062a\u0644\u064a\u0646\u063a \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0633\u0648\u0631\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0634\u0627\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0643\u0631). \u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0648\u0644\u0648 \u062c\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0639\u0647\u062f\u0648\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644. \u0641\u064a \u063a\u0636\u0648\u0646 \u0633\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a\u060c \u062a\u062d\u0637\u0651\u0645\u062a \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062c\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0648\u0644\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0641\u0631\u0642\u062a \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0641\u0642\u062f\u062a \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 1,500 \u0642\u062a\u064a\u0644\u060c \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 \u062e\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0626\u0629 \u0631\u062c\u0644. \u0623\u064f\u062d\u0631\u0642\u062a \u0623\u0648\u0644\u0646\u062f\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0642\u062f \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u062a \u0641\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0627\u064b.
\n
\n [5]<\/a>
\n <\/sup>\n <\/p>\n

\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628: \u062a\u0645\u0632\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629<\/h2>\n

\u0623\u0633\u0631 \u0633\u064a\u062a\u0634\u0648\u0627\u064a\u0648 \u0648\u0645\u0635\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643<\/h3>\n

\n \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u064f\u0633\u0644\u0651\u0645 \u0633\u064a\u062a\u0634\u0648\u0627\u064a\u0648 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u0648\u0631\u064a\u061b \u0628\u0644 \u0641\u0631\u0651 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0638\u0644\u0651 \u0637\u0644\u064a\u0642\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0639\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0645\u0643\u0651\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0633\u0631\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0645\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u063a\u0633\u0637\u0633 1879\u0645. \u0646\u064f\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0623\u0633\u0648\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0643\u064a\u0628 \u062a\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0645\u0643\u062b \u0645\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0627\u064b\u060c \u062b\u0645 \u0623\u064f\u062d\u0636\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0644\u0646\u062f\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u0636\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0623\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0623\u0633\u0631\u0651 \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631\u0648\u0647 \u0631\u062c\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0630\u0627 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0643\u0631\u0627\u0645\u0629. \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0631\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u0633\u064a\u062a\u0634\u0648\u0627\u064a\u0648 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0641\u0649 \u0641\u064a \u0644\u0646\u062f\u0646 \u0623\u064f\u062a\u064a\u062d \u0644\u0647 \u0644\u0642\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0641\u064a\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627 \u0630\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644\u062a\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0644\u0633\u0629 \u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u064f\u0636\u0627\u0641 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0631\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062d\u0641\u0644 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629.
\n
\n [2]<\/a>
\n <\/sup>
\n \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 1883\u0645\u060c \u0633\u0639\u062a \u0628\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0633\u064a\u062a\u0634\u0648\u0627\u064a\u0648 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0631\u0634\u0647 \u0623\u0645\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0632\u0648\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u062a\u062a\u0645\u0632\u0642 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u0634\u0639\u0644\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0633\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629. \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u0646 \u0633\u064a\u062a\u0634\u0648\u0627\u064a\u0648 \u0639\u0627\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0645\u062c\u0632\u0651\u0623\u0629 \u0648\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0628\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u062f \u064a\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0647\u0627\u062c\u0645\u0647 \u062e\u0635\u0648\u0645\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0639\u0648\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0632\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0631\u060c \u0641\u0647\u064f\u0632\u0645 \u0648\u0641\u0631\u0651 \u0645\u062c\u062f\u062f\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0641\u0651\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 1884\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u063a\u0627\u0645\u0636\u0629 \u064a\u064f\u0634\u0643\u0651 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629.
\n
\n [1]<\/a>
\n <\/sup>\n <\/p>\n

\u062a\u0642\u0633\u064a\u0645 \u0632\u0648\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0636\u0645\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0626\u064a<\/h3>\n

\n \u0642\u0631\u0651\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0625\u0628\u0642\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0648\u0644\u0648 \u0645\u0648\u062d\u0651\u062f\u0629\u064b \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0641\u064a \u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629\u060c \u062e\u0634\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062a\u062c\u0645\u0651\u0639 \u0645\u062c\u062f\u062f\u0627\u064b \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0633\u0644\u0637\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f. \u0641\u0642\u0633\u0651\u0645\u062a \u0632\u0648\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0639\u0634\u0631 \u0625\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0641\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u062e\u0627\u0636\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0632\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0631\u0634\u0651\u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629\u064b \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0641\u062a\u064a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629-\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0648\u0644\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0639 \u0623\u064a \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0648\u062d\u064a\u062f. \u0623\u0641\u0636\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0628\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0632\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0647\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0633\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u062d\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0628\u064e \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0648\u0644\u0648\u064a \u0628\u0643\u0644\u064a\u062a\u0647. \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 1887\u0645\u060c \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0646\u062a \u0628\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627 \u0636\u0645\u0651 \u0632\u0648\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062f \u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 1897\u0645 \u0623\u064f\u0644\u062d\u0642\u062a \u0628\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0631\u0629 \u0646\u0627\u062a\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062f\u062e\u0644\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628 \u0623\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 1910\u0645\u060c \u0644\u062a\u064f\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0627\u0641 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0637\u0639\u0629 \u0643\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0648\u0644\u0648-\u0646\u0627\u062a\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628 \u0623\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1994\u0645.
\n
\n [13]<\/a>
\n <\/sup>\n <\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0631\u062b<\/h2>\n

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\n
\n [10]<\/a>
\n <\/sup>\n <\/p>\n

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\n
\n [3]<\/a>
\n <\/sup>\n <\/p>\n

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\n
\n [5]<\/a>
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