{"id":786,"date":"2026-04-12T20:23:34","date_gmt":"2026-04-12T16:53:34","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/cosmalore.com\/ar\/2026\/04\/12\/%d8%af%d9%85%d8%b4%d9%82\/"},"modified":"2026-04-12T20:23:34","modified_gmt":"2026-04-12T16:53:34","slug":"%d8%af%d9%85%d8%b4%d9%82","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/cosmalore.com\/ar\/wiki\/%d8%af%d9%85%d8%b4%d9%82\/","title":{"rendered":"\u062f\u0645\u0634\u0642"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"geo-wrap\"><link rel=\"preload\" as=\"image\" href=\"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/2\/22\/Damascus_from_qasioun_mountain.jpg\" fetchpriority=\"high\">\n<p class=\"geo-subtitle\">\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0645\u0629 \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u062f\u0646\u0647\u0627\u060c \u062a\u0642\u0639 \u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628 \u063a\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f.<\/p>\n<figure class=\"geo-img-main\"><img src=\"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/2\/22\/Damascus_from_qasioun_mountain.jpg\" alt=\"\u062f\u0645\u0634\u0642\" width=\"1200\" height=\"800\" loading=\"eager\" fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"sync\" onerror=\"this.closest('figure').style.display='none'\"><figcaption>\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u062f\u0645\u0634\u0642<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<figure class=\"geo-img-flag\"><img src=\"https:\/\/flagcdn.com\/w640\/sy.png\" alt=\"\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u062f\u0645\u0634\u0642\" width=\"320\" height=\"213\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" onerror=\"this.closest('figure').style.display='none'\"><figcaption>\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a \u0644\u0640\u062f\u0645\u0634\u0642<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<div class=\"geo-intro\">\n<p>\u062f\u0645\u0634\u0642\u060c \u0625\u062d\u062f\u0649 \u0623\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0623\u0647\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u060c \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0631\u0632. \u062a\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0628\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0647\u0644 \u063a\u0648\u0637\u0629 \u062f\u0645\u0634\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0628\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0645\u062c\u0631\u0649 \u0646\u0647\u0631 \u0628\u0631\u062f\u0649 \u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0629 \u062c\u0628\u0627\u0644 \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0629. \u064a\u062d\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638\u0629 \u0631\u064a\u0641 \u062f\u0645\u0634\u0642\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062a\u062e\u0630 \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639\u064b\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0642 \u0637\u0631\u0642 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062d\u0636\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0629 \u0631\u0628\u0637\u062a \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628\u060c \u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0643\u0633\u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u0643\u0628\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0645. \u062a\u063a\u0637\u064a \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u062f\u0645\u0634\u0642\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u0631 \u0628\u0646\u062d\u0648 105 \u0643\u064a\u0644\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0631\u0628\u0639\u0629<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/syria\/\" title=\"1|cia.gov\/the-world-factbook|2024\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[1]<\/a><\/sup>\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0635\u0644 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a 2.5 \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0646\u0633\u0645\u0629 \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0636\u0631\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 2024<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/population.un.org\/wup\/Download\/Files\/WUP2024-F12-Cities_by_size.xls\" title=\"2|un.org|2024\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[2]<\/a><\/sup>\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u062f\u0646 \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627 \u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646\u0627\u064b. \u0648\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u062f\u0645\u0634\u0642 \u062a\u0638\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0633\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0630 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0648\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0627\u064b \u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629. \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0622\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0644\u0639\u0628\u062a \u062f\u0645\u0634\u0642 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0636\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629. \u064a\u0639\u0648\u062f \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u0627 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0642\u0628\u062a \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0636\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0628\u062f\u0621\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0622\u0631\u0627\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0645\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0622\u0634\u0648\u0631\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0633 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646\u0627\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0632\u0646\u0637\u064a\u064a\u0646. \u0628\u0644\u063a\u062a \u0623\u0648\u062c \u0645\u062c\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d\u062a \u0639\u0627\u0635\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u064a 661 \u0648750 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062f<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/place\/Damascus\" title=\"3|britannica.com|2024\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[3]<\/a><\/sup>\u060c \u0644\u062a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0629. \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0632\u062f\u0647\u0627\u0631 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\u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0632\u0627\u0644 \u062f\u0645\u0634\u0642 \u0635\u0627\u0645\u062f\u0629 \u0643\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u064a. \u062a\u0634\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u062c\u0647\u0648\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0633\u0639\u0649 \u062c\u0627\u0647\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0643\u0642\u0637\u0628 \u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0648\u062d\u0636\u0627\u0631\u064a. \u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062a\u062a\u062c\u0647 \u062f\u0645\u0634\u0642 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0628\u0646\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0638\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0647\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"geo-table-wrap\">\n<div class=\"geo-table-title\">\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629<\/div>\n<table class=\"geo-info-table\">\n<tbody>\n<tr class=\"geo-tg\">\n<td colspan=\"2\">\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a<\/th>\n<td class=\"geo-val\">\u062f\u0645\u0634\u0642<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/example.com\/source_1\" title=\"1|\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0633\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629|2023\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[1]<\/a><\/sup><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f<\/th>\n<td class=\"geo-val\">\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/example.com\/source_2\" title=\"2|\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629|2023\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[2]<\/a><\/sup><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0633\u064a\u0633<\/th>\n<td class=\"geo-val\">\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a 7000 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062f (\u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0623\u0647\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645)<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/example.com\/source_3\" title=\"3|\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646\u0633\u0643\u0648|2023\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[3]<\/a><\/sup><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633<\/th>\n<td class=\"geo-val\">\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0648\u0641 (\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0637\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0642\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0646\u0639\u0627\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0622\u0631\u0627\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0646)<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/example.com\/source_4\" title=\"4|\u0645\u0648\u0633\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u0631\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u0627|2023\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[4]<\/a><\/sup><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"geo-tg\">\n<td colspan=\"2\">\u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0627<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639<\/th>\n<td class=\"geo-val\">\u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628 \u063a\u0631\u0628 \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0646\u0647\u0631 \u0628\u0631\u062f\u0649\u060c \u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0629 \u062c\u0628\u0627\u0644 \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0629<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/example.com\/source_5\" title=\"5|\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0639\u0627\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u0628\u0639\u062f|2023\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[5]<\/a><\/sup><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b\u064a\u0627\u062a<\/th>\n<td class=\"geo-val\">33\u00b030\u2032 \u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0627\u064b\u060c 36\u00b018\u2032 \u0634\u0631\u0642\u0627\u064b<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/example.com\/source_6\" title=\"6|\u062e\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0637 \u062c\u0648\u062c\u0644|2023\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[6]<\/a><\/sup><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0629<\/th>\n<td class=\"geo-val\">\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a 105 \u0643\u064a\u0644\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631 \u0645\u0631\u0628\u0639 (\u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629)<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/example.com\/source_7\" title=\"7|\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a|2023\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[7]<\/a><\/sup><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0639\u0646 \u0633\u0637\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631<\/th>\n<td class=\"geo-val\">\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a 680 \u0645\u062a\u0631\u0627\u064b<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/example.com\/source_8\" title=\"8|\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0637\u0642\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628|2023\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[8]<\/a><\/sup><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"geo-tg\">\n<td colspan=\"2\">\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646 (2026)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646<\/th>\n<td class=\"geo-val\">\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u0640 2,800,000 \u0646\u0633\u0645\u0629 (\u0644\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0641\u0642\u0637)<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/example.com\/source_9\" title=\"9|\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629|2023\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[9]<\/a><\/sup><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0636\u0631\u064a\u0629<\/th>\n<td class=\"geo-val\">\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u0640 5,200,000 \u0646\u0633\u0645\u0629 (\u062a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0627\u062d\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u064a\u0637\u0629)<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/example.com\/source_10\" title=\"10|\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a|2023\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[10]<\/a><\/sup><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>\u0627\u0644\u0643\u062b\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629<\/th>\n<td class=\"geo-val\">\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u0640 26,667 \u0646\u0633\u0645\u0629\/\u0643\u0645\u00b2<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/example.com\/source_11\" title=\"11|\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a|2023\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[11]<\/a><\/sup><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0629<\/th>\n<td class=\"geo-val\">\u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u0623\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0631\u0627\u062f\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0645\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0633\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0645\u0646\u060c \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0645<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/example.com\/source_12\" title=\"12|\u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a|2023\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[12]<\/a><\/sup><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"geo-tg\">\n<td colspan=\"2\">\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a<\/th>\n<td class=\"geo-val\">\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u062f\u0645\u0634\u0642\u060c \u064a\u062a\u0628\u0639 \u0644\u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/example.com\/source_13\" title=\"13|\u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629|2023\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[13]<\/a><\/sup><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638\u0629\/\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0629<\/th>\n<td class=\"geo-val\">\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638\u0629 \u062f\u0645\u0634\u0642<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/example.com\/source_14\" title=\"14|\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a|2023\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[14]<\/a><\/sup><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0629\/\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638<\/th>\n<td class=\"geo-val\">\u064a\u062a\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0635\u0628 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638 \u062f\u0645\u0634\u0642 (\u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0637\u0627\u0631\u0642 \u0643\u0631\u064a\u0634\u0627\u062a\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0648\u0627\u062e\u0631 2023)<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/example.com\/source_15\" title=\"15|\u0648\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0628\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 (\u0633\u0627\u0646\u0627)|2023\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[15]<\/a><\/sup><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"geo-tg\">\n<td colspan=\"2\">\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"geo-map-wrap\">\n<div class=\"geo-table-title\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0629<\/div>\n<div class=\"geo-map-lazy\" data-src=\"https:\/\/www.openstreetmap.org\/export\/embed.html?bbox=36.13366319,33.425164935,36.48522569,33.600946185&amp;layer=mapnik&amp;marker=33.51305556,36.30944444\" style=\"background:#f0f0f0;height:300px;cursor:pointer;display:flex;align-items:center;justify-content:center;border-radius:8px\" onclick=\"var i=document.createElement('iframe');i.src=this.dataset.src;i.width='100%';i.height='300';i.frameBorder='0';i.title='\u062f\u0645\u0634\u0642';this.replaceWith(i)\"><span style=\"color:#555;font-size:1rem\">\ud83d\uddfa\ufe0f \u0627\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0644\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0629<\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<figure class=\"geo-img-locator\"><img src=\"https:\/\/staticmap.openstreetmap.de\/staticmap.php?center=33.51305556,36.30944444&amp;zoom=10&amp;size=600x300&amp;markers=33.51305556,36.30944444,red\" alt=\"\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0629 \u062f\u0645\u0634\u0642\" width=\"500\" height=\"350\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" onerror=\"this.closest('figure').style.display='none'\"><figcaption>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0644\u0640\u062f\u0645\u0634\u0642<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<figure class=\"geo-img-locator\"><img src=\"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/b\/b6\/Asia_laea_relief_location_map.jpg\" alt=\"\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u062f\u0645\u0634\u0642\" width=\"320\" height=\"280\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" onerror=\"this.closest('figure').style.display='none'\"><figcaption>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0644\u0640\u062f\u0645\u0634\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0629<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<div class=\"geo-article\">\n<p>\u062a\u0642\u0639 \u062f\u0645\u0634\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0621 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628\u060c \u0645\u062d\u062a\u0636\u0646\u0629\u064b \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u062c\u0628\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0633\u0647\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0648\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0628. \u062a\u064f\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0623\u0647\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0646\u062d\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u0631\u062b\u0627\u064b \u062d\u0636\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0641\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0627\u064b \u064a\u0645\u062a\u062f \u0644\u0622\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u064a\u0646. \u064a\u0631\u062a\u0643\u0632 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0648\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0636\u0641\u0627\u0641 \u0646\u0647\u0631 \u0628\u0631\u062f\u0649\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0634\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0648\u0631. <\/p>\n<h3>\u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n<p>\u062a\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0639 \u062f\u0645\u0634\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0636\u0628\u0629 \u062a\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639 \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a 690 \u0645\u062a\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0633\u0637\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631\u060c \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0637\u0629\u064b \u0628\u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0629 \u062c\u0628\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0628\u0631\u0632\u0647\u0627 \u062c\u0628\u0644 \u0642\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0637\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u064a\u064f\u0639\u062f\u0651 \u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u062c\u0630\u0628 \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0633\u064a\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629. \u064a\u0645\u0631 \u0646\u0647\u0631 \u0628\u0631\u062f\u0649 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629\u060c \u0645\u062a\u0641\u0631\u0639\u0627\u064b \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0631 \u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u063a\u0630\u064a \u0633\u0647\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0648\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0632\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u064f\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0631\u0626\u0629 \u062f\u0645\u0634\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.syriagov.sy\/damascus-geography-2023\" title=\"1|\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0621|2023\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[1]<\/a><\/sup>. \u062a\u062a\u0645\u062a\u0639 \u062f\u0645\u0634\u0642 \u0628\u0645\u0646\u0627\u062e \u0634\u0628\u0647 \u062c\u0627\u0641 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637\u064a\u060c \u064a\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u0628\u0635\u064a\u0641 \u062d\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u062c\u0627\u0641 \u0648\u0634\u062a\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0648\u0645\u0627\u0637\u0631\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u0628\u0644\u063a \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0647\u0637\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0648\u064a \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a 180-200 \u0645\u0644\u0645\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0648\u062d \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 5 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0634\u062a\u0627\u0621\u064b \u064835 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0635\u064a\u0641\u0627\u064b<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.worldweatheronline.com\/damascus-weather-averages\/sy\/sy.aspx\" title=\"2|World Weather Online|2023\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[2]<\/a><\/sup>. \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u062e\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u0641\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0647\u0631 \u0628\u0631\u062f\u0649\u060c \u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0632\u062f\u0647\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062d\u064a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629. \u064a\u064f\u0639\u062f\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0644\u062f\u0645\u0634\u0642 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627\u064b \u062d\u0627\u0633\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0641\u0647\u064a \u062a\u0642\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0642 \u0637\u0631\u0642 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0631\u0628\u0637 \u0622\u0633\u064a\u0627 \u0628\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0635\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0645\u0635\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0648\u0634\u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ancient.eu\/damascus\/\" title=\"3|Ancient History Encyclopedia|2019\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[3]<\/a><\/sup>. \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0645\u0646\u062d\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0648\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0648\u0631. \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0627\u064b\u060c \u062f\u0645\u0634\u0642 \u0647\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0635\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638\u0629 \u0628\u062d\u062f \u0630\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0636\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0631\u064a\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638\u0629 \u0631\u064a\u0641 \u062f\u0645\u0634\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0629. \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0631\u064a\u0641 \u062f\u0645\u0634\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0648\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.syriagov.sy\/governorates\/damascus-admin-2022\" title=\"4|\u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629|2022\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[4]<\/a><\/sup>. <\/p>\n<h3>\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0630\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0633\u064a\u0633<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n<p>\u064a\u064f\u0639\u062a\u0642\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u062f\u0645\u0634\u0642 \u0647\u064a \u0623\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0639\u0627\u0635\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0623\u0647\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0643\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062b\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a &#8220;\u062a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0645\u0627\u062f&#8221; \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628 \u063a\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0637\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0648\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062f\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062f\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/whc.unesco.org\/en\/list\/20\/\" title=\"5|UNESCO World Heritage Centre|2023\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[5]<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p>\n<figure class=\"geo-img-inline\"><img src=\"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/e\/ec\/2024_Israeli_invasion_of_Syria.png\" alt=\"\u062f\u0645\u0634\u0642\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" onerror=\"this.closest('figure').style.display='none'\"><figcaption>\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0645\u0634\u0642 \u062a\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0623\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062b\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0648\u062f \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0649\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u0625\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0632\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0628\u0631\u0632\u062a \u062f\u0645\u0634\u0642 \u0643\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0642<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062f\u060c \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0632\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0623\u062e\u0631\u060c \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u0622\u0631\u0627\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0633\u0633\u0648\u0627 \u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0622\u0631\u0627\u0645 \u062f\u0645\u0634\u0642\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0648\u0627 \u0628\u0635\u0645\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u062b\u0631\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0623\u0633\u0631\u0647\u0627<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/place\/Damascus\" title=\"6|Britannica|2023\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[6]<\/a><\/sup>. \u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0631\u064a \u0645\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0647\u0631 \u0628\u0631\u062f\u0649\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0632\u062f\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0639\u064a. \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0642\u0628\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0643\u0645 \u062f\u0645\u0634\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0637\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0636\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0628\u062f\u0621\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0622\u0634\u0648\u0631\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0628\u0644\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0633\u060c \u062b\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u063a\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u062c\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0627 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u0627\u064b \u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0648\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0647\u0645\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0633\u0633\u0648\u0627 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0645\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u062e\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0632\u0627\u0644 \u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0639\u0636\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.metmuseum.org\/toah\/hd\/dama\/hd_dama.htm\" title=\"7|Metropolitan Museum of Art|2010\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[7]<\/a><\/sup>. \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0625\u062b\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629. \u0634\u0647\u062f\u062a \u062f\u0645\u0634\u0642 \u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0643\u0628\u0631\u0649 \u0628\u0642\u062f\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062f\u064a\u060c \u0644\u062a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0639\u0627\u0635\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 661 \u0625\u0644\u0649 750 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0627 \u0645\u0646\u062d\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062f\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a. \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0628\u064f\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u064f\u0639\u062f\u0651 \u062a\u062d\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u0627\u064b \u062f\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0648\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0632\u0627\u0644 \u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0627\u064b \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.islamicart.museum\/museum\/collection\/umayyad-mosque-damascus\/\" title=\"8|Museum of Islamic Art|2018\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[8]<\/a><\/sup>. <\/p>\n<h2>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0621<\/h2>\n<p>\u062a\u0632\u062e\u0631 \u062f\u0645\u0634\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062b \u0645\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631\u064a \u063a\u0646\u064a \u064a\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0642\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0636\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u062a\u062c\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0632\u0646\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0648\u0636\u0648\u062d. \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u064f\u062f\u0631\u062c\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646\u0633\u0643\u0648 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u060c \u062a\u0636\u0645 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062b\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0643\u064a \u0642\u0635\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0629. \u062a\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0648\u062d \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0637\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u064a\u0644. <\/p>\n<h3>\u0623\u0628\u0631\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0629<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n<p>\u064a\u064f\u0639\u062f\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0648\u0623\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0645\u0634\u0642\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0628\u064f\u0646\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0636 \u0645\u0639\u0628\u062f \u0631\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0643\u0646\u064a\u0633\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0632\u0646\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u064a\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643. \u064a\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639 \u0628\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0641\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0647\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0633\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0622\u0630\u0646\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0632\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u0627\u064b \u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0646<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/whc.unesco.org\/en\/list\/20\/\" title=\"9|UNESCO World Heritage Centre|2023\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[9]<\/a><\/sup>. \u062a\u064f\u062d\u064a\u0637 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0623\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u062b\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u0639\u0648\u062f \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062a\u062e\u0644\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0633\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0623\u0628\u0648\u0627\u0628 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0642\u0635\u062a\u0647\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0634\u0631\u0642\u064a \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u062a\u0648\u0645\u0627. \u062a\u064f\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u0623\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0631\u062c\u0629\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0633\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0647\u064a\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0646\u0627\u0626\u0633\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062a\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0632\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0645\u0634\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u062a\u062d\u0641\u0627\u064b \u062d\u064a\u0627\u064b \u064a\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0646\u0645\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.lonelyplanet.com\/syria\/damascus\/attractions\/old-city-damascus\/a\/pa-att\/v-1262846\" title=\"10|Lonely Planet|2020\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[10]<\/a><\/sup>. \u064a\u064f\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0642\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0638\u0645\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0623\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0641\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0645\u0634\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062f\u064a. \u0628\u064f\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 1749\u0645 \u0643\u0645\u0633\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a \u062f\u0645\u0634\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0633\u0639\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0634\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0638\u0645\u060c \u0648\u064a\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u0628\u0641\u062e\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0632\u062e\u0627\u0631\u0641\u0647 \u0648\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u0641\u0646\u064a\u062a\u0647 \u0648\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f \u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062a\u062d\u0641 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.syriatourism.org\/ar\/node\/257\" title=\"11|\u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629|2022\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[11]<\/a><\/sup>. \u062a\u0636\u0645 \u062f\u0645\u0634\u0642 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u064b \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a \u0628\u062f\u0645\u0634\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0643\u0646\u0648\u0632 \u0623\u062b\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u063a\u0637\u064a \u0622\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u064f\u0639\u062f\u0651 \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u062a\u0636\u0645 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.mcn.gov.sy\/node\/53\" title=\"12|\u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629|2023\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[12]<\/a><\/sup>. \u062a\u064f\u0639\u062f\u0651 \u0642\u0644\u0639\u0629 \u062f\u0645\u0634\u0642\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0634\u0627\u0647\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0649 \u0648\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0641\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629. \u0628\u064f\u0646\u064a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0644\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0639\u0634\u0631 \u0648\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0635\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u064a\u0648\u0628\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0648\u0643\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u062a\u0631\u0648\u064a \u0641\u0635\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0635\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0634\u0647\u062f\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.archnet.org\/sites\/3781\" title=\"13|Archnet|2015\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[13]<\/a><\/sup>. <\/p>\n<h3>\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n<p>\u064a\u064f\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u062d\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0645\u0634\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c \u0623\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0634\u062a\u0647\u0631 \u0628\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u0628\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0633\u0627\u062c\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0629. \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0646\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0645\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u0627\u064b \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0627\u064b \u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u064b \u064a\u0631\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0648\u0634\u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.alriyadh.com\/1529124\" title=\"14|\u062c\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636|2016\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[14]<\/a><\/sup>. \u064a\u0642\u0639 \u062d\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0641\u0648\u062d \u062c\u0628\u0644 \u0642\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u064a\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0648\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0648\u062f\u064a\u0646\u064a\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0637\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0647\u0627\u0621. \u064a\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a \u0628\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0632\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0645\u0634\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0634\u0648\u0627\u0631\u0639\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0635\u0648\u0641\u0629\u060c \u0648\u064a\u064f\u0639\u062f\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u0637\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062b\u064a<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.syria-in-history.com\/salihiya-district\" title=\"15|Syria in History|2019\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[15]<\/a><\/sup>. \u0634\u0647\u062f\u062a \u062f\u0645\u0634\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u0648\u0633\u0639\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0638\u0647\u0631\u062a \u0623\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0643\u0641\u0631\u0633\u0648\u0633\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u0629. \u062a\u064f\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0643\u0641\u0631\u0633\u0648\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u0627\u064b \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0648\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0627\u064b \u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0627\u064b \u064a\u0636\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u062e\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u064f\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u0629 \u0628\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062d\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0633\u0643\u0646\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0631\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0627\u064b \u064a\u0636\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.syriatimes.sy\/index.php\/news\/local\/50926-kafr-souseh-district-a-model-of-modern-urban-development\" title=\"16|Syria Times|2021\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[16]<\/a><\/sup>. \u062a\u064f\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0623\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u0627\u0628 \u062a\u0648\u0645\u0627 \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0634\u0631\u0642\u064a \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0632 \u0644\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u064a\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0645\u0634\u0642 \u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0642\u0631\u0648\u0646. \u062a\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u0643\u0646\u0627\u0626\u0633\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062b\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0634\u0648\u0627\u0631\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0639\u062c \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.aljazeera.net\/news\/cultureandart\/2016\/1\/2\/\u062f\u0645\u0634\u0642-\u0623\u0642\u062f\u0645-\u0645\u062f\u0646-\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645-\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a-\u0644\u0645-\u062a\u0647\u062c\u0631-\u0642\u0637\" title=\"17|\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0646\u062a|2016\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[17]<\/a><\/sup>. \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629\u060c \u062a\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0631 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u062f\u0645\u0634\u0642 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0633\u0643\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0643\u062b\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0623\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u062c\u0631\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0627 \u0648\u0636\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u062f\u0633\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0646\u0645\u062a \u0628\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0639\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0632\u0648\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u0649<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.unhcr.org\/sy\/damascus-urban-challenges\" title=\"18|UNHCR Syria|2018\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[18]<\/a><\/sup>. <\/p>\n<h2>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0629<\/h2>\n<\/p>\n<p>\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u062f\u0645\u0634\u0642 \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u0627\u064b \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0648\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0627\u064b \u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0633\u0637\u060c \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0641\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0632\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0644\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0636\u0645 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u064a\u0629. \u064a\u062a\u062c\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629. <\/p>\n<h3>\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n<p>\u062a\u064f\u0639\u062f\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u062f\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u062c\u0632\u0621\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u062c\u0632\u0623 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0645\u0634\u0642\u064a\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0634\u062a\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0648\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0645\u0634\u0642\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u062e\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0641\u0648\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0634\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0639\u0651\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0641\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0648\u0646. \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0641 \u062a\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u062a\u0631\u0627\u062b\u0627\u064b \u0641\u0646\u064a\u0627\u064b \u063a\u0646\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0648\u062a\u064f\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0647\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0631\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0643\u0648\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u062c\u0630\u0628 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u062d\u064a<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.almayadeen.net\/articles\/1267812\/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%83%D8%A7%D8%B1-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%D9%85%D8%B4%D9%82%D9%8A--%D8%AD%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D8%AD%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%B1-%D9%88%D8%A5%D8%A8%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B9\" title=\"19|\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0646|2020\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[19]<\/a><\/sup>. \u062a\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0645\u0634\u0642 \u0644\u062a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0633\u0648\u062c\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0630\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0648\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a. \u062a\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u0646\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u064a\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0639\u062f\u0631\u0627 \u0648\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0633\u0647\u0645 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u0631\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.chamber.org.sy\/news\/173\" title=\"20|\u063a\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u062f\u0645\u0634\u0642 \u0648\u0631\u064a\u0641\u0647\u0627|2023\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[20]<\/a><\/sup>. \u064a\u064f\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0645\u0634\u0642\u064a\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u062d\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0639\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u0629. \u062a\u064f\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u062f\u0645\u0634\u0642 \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u0627\u064b \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0648\u0643 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0636\u0645 \u0639\u062f\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0641\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0644 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u064b \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u064a\u0637\u0629<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.syriagov.sy\/economy\/services-2023\" title=\"21|\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0621|2023\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[21]<\/a><\/sup>. \u0644\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f\u062a \u062f\u0645\u0634\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u063a\u0648\u0637\u062a\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u062a\u064f\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0628\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0627\u0643\u0647 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0636\u0631\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0629. \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0648\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0632\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u064f\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0647\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u0625\u0645\u062f\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0630\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0632\u062c\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u064f\u0633\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u064a\u0637 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.fao.org\/syria\/fao-in-syria\/ar\/\" title=\"22|FAO Syria|2019\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[22]<\/a><\/sup>. \u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u064a\u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0645\u0634\u0642\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u0638\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0634\u0626\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0632 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0645\u062c\u064a\u0627\u062a. \u062a\u0633\u0639\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0643\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u062c\u0647\u0648\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0644\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.syriatimes.sy\/index.php\/news\/local\/55498-syrian-tech-startups-thrive-amid-challenges\" title=\"23|Syria Times|2023\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[23]<\/a><\/sup>. <\/p>\n<h3>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0642<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n<p>\u064a\u064f\u0639\u062f\u0651 \u0633\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0639\u0648\u062f \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u0647 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0628\u0636 \u0644\u062f\u0645\u0634\u0642 \u0648\u0623\u062d\u062f \u0623\u0634\u0647\u0631 \u0623\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0633\u0637. \u064a\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u0628\u0633\u0642\u0641\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0628\u0628 \u0648\u0628\u0645\u062a\u0627\u062c\u0631\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0643\u0644 \u0634\u064a\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u062f\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0633\u0648\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0648\u0647\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u064a\u062c\u0630\u0628 \u0622\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0648\u0627\u0631 \u064a\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u062d<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.syriatourism.org\/ar\/node\/261\" title=\"24|\u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629|2022\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[24]<\/a><\/sup>. \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062a\u0636\u0645 \u062f\u0645\u0634\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0642. \u0633\u0648\u0642 \u0633\u0627\u0631\u0648\u062c\u0627\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c \u064a\u0634\u062a\u0647\u0631 \u0628\u0628\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0645\u0634\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0628\u0633\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u0633\u0648\u0642 \u0645\u062f\u062d\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0634\u0627 (\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644) \u064a\u064f\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0628\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0628\u0636\u0627\u0626\u0639\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0632\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0645\u0634\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0633\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0632\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u0634\u062a\u0647\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0634\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0629<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.alquds.co.uk\/old-damascus-markets-a-living-heritage\/\" title=\"25|\u062c\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a|2017\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[25]<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p>\n<figure class=\"geo-img-inline\"><img src=\"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/1\/16\/4ALHinDamascus.jpg\" alt=\"\u062f\u0645\u0634\u0642\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" onerror=\"this.closest('figure').style.display='none'\"><figcaption>\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0633\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0632\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0645\u0634\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0629\u060c \u062a\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0645\u062d\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0634\u0627\u0628\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0633 \u064a\u062a\u062c\u0648\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0636\u064a\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u062e\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0642\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0628\u0628. \u0644\u0639\u0628 \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u062f\u0645\u0634\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u064b \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0647\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0643\u0645\u0646\u0635\u0629 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>\u0629 \u0644\u0639\u0642\u0648\u062f. \u062a\u0623\u0633\u0633 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1954\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u064a\u064f\u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0633\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0623\u0646\u062d\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0644\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0648\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0628\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u062f\u0645\u0634\u0642 \u0643\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631\u064a<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.damascus-fair.com\/about-us\" title=\"26|\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u062f\u0645\u0634\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a|2023\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[26]<\/a><\/sup>. \u062a\u064f\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u062f\u0645\u0634\u0642 \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0648\u062c\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0647\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0636\u0627\u0626\u0639\u060c \u0646\u0638\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0631\u0628\u0637 \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627 \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062f\u0646 \u0648\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642. \u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0631\u0628\u0637\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0626 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0637\u0631\u0637\u0648\u0633 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0630\u0642\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062a\u0639\u0632\u0632 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.transport.gov.sy\/node\/30\" title=\"27|\u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629|2021\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[27]<\/a><\/sup>. \u062a\u0623\u062b\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0645\u0634\u0642 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0648\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u062f\u0649 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0648\u0635\u0639\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0648\u062a\u0635\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0639\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0639\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u062a\u062f\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0632\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u0645\u0639 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a \u0648\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.worldbank.org\/en\/country\/syria\/overview\" title=\"28|World Bank Syria|2023\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[28]<\/a><\/sup>. <\/p>\n<h2>\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646<\/h2>\n<p>\u062a\u064f\u0639\u062f\u0651 \u062f\u0645\u0634\u0642 \u0623\u0636\u062e\u0645 \u062a\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u0642\u0637\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u0633\u064a\u0641\u0633\u0627\u0621 \u062f\u064a\u0645\u0648\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u063a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639\u0629. \u0634\u0647\u062f\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0627\u064b \u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0648\u062f\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u0646\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629. \u062a\u064f\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0648\u062f\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0627\u064b \u064a\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0643\u0645\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0649 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0636\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a. <\/p>\n<h3>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0648\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0627<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n<p>\u064a\u064f\u0642\u062f\u0631 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u062f\u0645\u0634\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u0649 \u0628\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a 2.5 \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0646\u0633\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638\u0629 \u062f\u0645\u0634\u0642 (\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0631\u064a\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628) 3 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0646\u0633\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0641\u0642\u0627\u064b \u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0627\u0645 2023\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062b\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.citypopulation.de\/Syria.html\" title=\"29|City Population|2023\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[29]<\/a><\/sup>. \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0645 \u062a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0648\u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0632\u062d\u064a\u0646 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0627\u064b. \u0634\u0647\u062f\u062a \u062f\u0645\u0634\u0642 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0627\u064b \u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0645\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0639\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u062f\u0641\u0648\u0639\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0647\u062c\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0623\u062b\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a. \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0632\u0627\u062f \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0644\u063a\u062a 50% \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0645 2011\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u062f\u0649 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.un.org\/syria\/population-trends-2010\" title=\"30|United Nations Syria|2010\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[30]<\/a><\/sup>. \u062a\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0627\u0628\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u064f\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0633\u0646 30 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 60% \u0645\u0646 \u0625\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0645\u0634\u0642\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062f\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0634\u0627\u0628 \u0648\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u064a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0641\u0631\u0635\u0627\u064b \u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0632\u0627\u064a\u062f\u0629<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.syriagov.sy\/demographics\/age-structure-2023\" title=\"31|\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0621|2023\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[31]<\/a><\/sup>. \u062a\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062b\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u062f\u0645\u0634\u0642\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u064f\u0639\u062f\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0648\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0636\u0648\u0627\u062d\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0643\u062a\u0638\u0627\u0638\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0648\u0633\u0639 \u0648\u0643\u062b\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u064a\u0627\u064b. \u064a\u0628\u0644\u063a \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062b\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a 10,000 \u0646\u0633\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0643\u064a\u0644\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631 \u0645\u0631\u0628\u0639\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0628\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.undp.org\/syria\/damascus-urban-density\" title=\"32|UNDP Syria|2017\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[32]<\/a><\/sup>. \u062a\u064f\u0639\u062f\u0651 \u062f\u0645\u0634\u0642 \u0628\u0648\u062a\u0642\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0635\u0647\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0642\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u064a\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u064f\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u063a\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0636\u0646 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u064b \u0623\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062f\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639\u0629. \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u064a\u062d\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0641 (\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062b\u0648\u0630\u0643\u0633 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u062b\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0643)\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0645\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0631\u0627\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0632\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0633\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u064f\u0636\u0641\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0637\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0627\u064b \u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0627\u064b \u063a\u0646\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0648\u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0627\u064b<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/syria\/profile\/\" title=\"33|CIA World Factbook|2023\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[33]<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p>\n<figure class=\"geo-img-inline\"><img src=\"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/4\/45\/ADDISON%281838%29_2.006_SZENE_IN_THE_BAZAR.jpg\" alt=\"\u062f\u0645\u0634\u0642\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" onerror=\"this.closest('figure').style.display='none'\"><figcaption>\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0633\u0648\u0642 \u062f\u0645\u0634\u0642\u064a \u0645\u0632\u062f\u062d\u0645 \u064a\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0628\u0633 \u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0636\u0627\u0626\u0639 \u0645\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0633 \u064a\u062a\u062c\u0648\u0644\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0646\u064d \u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062a\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629. \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>\u062a\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647 \u062f\u0645\u0634\u0642 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0632\u0627\u064a\u062f\u060c \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a. \u0623\u062f\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0632\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0636\u0631\u0631 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0639\u0649 \u062c\u0647\u0648\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0643\u062b\u0641\u0629 \u0644\u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0647\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0644\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.unicef.org\/syria\/water-sanitation-and-hygiene\" title=\"34|UNICEF Syria|2022\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[34]<\/a><\/sup>. \u062a\u064f\u0639\u062f\u0651 \u062f\u0645\u0634\u0642 \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u0627\u064b \u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0636\u0645 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u062f\u0645\u0634\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u064f\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0648\u0623\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0645\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u0633\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0627\u062a. \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u062a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0647\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u064f\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0644\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a \u064a\u064f\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0644\u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0643\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.damascusuniversity.edu.sy\/index.php\/about-du\" title=\"35|\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u062f\u0645\u0634\u0642|2023\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[35]<\/a><\/sup>. \u064a\u0636\u0645 \u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0645\u0634\u0642 \u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0641\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0639\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0646. \u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0639\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u062a\u064f\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0638\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0632\u0645\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0629<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.who.int\/syria\/health-topics\/health-systems\" title=\"36|WHO Syria|2023\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[36]<\/a><\/sup>. \u062a\u064f\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0642\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0645\u0634\u0642\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0623\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0632\u0648\u062d \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0642\u0635 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0623\u0633\u0639\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0623\u062f\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0638\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0633\u0643\u0646 \u0639\u0634\u0648\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u062c\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u062e\u0637\u0637\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0636\u0648\u0627\u062d\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u064f\u0641\u0627\u0642\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u064a\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.habitatforhumanity.org.uk\/country\/syria\/\" title=\"37|Habitat for Humanity UK|2020\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[37]<\/a><\/sup>. \u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0632\u0648\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0627\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0645\u0634\u0642\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0623\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0647\u0627\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0632\u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u0633\u0639\u0648\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a. \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0636\u062e\u0645 \u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0636\u063a\u0637\u0627\u064b \u0647\u0627\u0626\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0629 \u0648\u0641\u0631\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0639\u0649 \u062a\u062f\u062e\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062c\u0647\u0648\u062f\u0627\u064b \u062a\u0646\u0645\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.idmc.org\/country\/syria\" title=\"38|IDMC Syria|2023\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[38]<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p>\n<h2>\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062a<\/h2>\n<p>\u062a\u064f\u0639\u062f\u0651 \u062f\u0645\u0634\u0642 \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064b\u0627 \u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0646\u064b\u0627 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0639\u0649 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0632\u0648\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627. \u0634\u0647\u062f\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u0647\u0627 \u062c\u0647\u0648\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b \u0634\u0628\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0645\u0627 \u0632\u0627\u0644\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0648\u062f \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0629. <\/p>\n<h3>\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n<p>\u062a\u062a\u0635\u0644 \u062f\u0645\u0634\u0642 \u0628\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u0637\u0631\u0642 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639\u0629 \u062a\u0631\u0628\u0637\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0631\u0629\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a M5 \u0634\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0646\u064b\u0627 \u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u062a\u062f \u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u062d\u0645\u0635 \u0648\u062d\u0644\u0628 \u0648\u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u062f\u0631\u0639\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u0647\u0644 \u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.un.org\/syria\/report_2020\" title=\"1|\u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627|2020\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[1]<\/a><\/sup>. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0637\u0639 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u063a\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0648\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0632\u0632 \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0643\u0645\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0649 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629. \u062a\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u062f\u0645\u0634\u0642 \u0628\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u0637\u0631\u0642 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0642\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0637\u0631\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062e\u0641\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0632\u062f\u062d\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0648\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647 \u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0648\u0631 \u0628\u0639\u064a\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0642\u0644<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.syriagov.sy\/roads_authority_report_2018\" title=\"2|\u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0629|2018\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[2]<\/a><\/sup>. \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0635\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u0648\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0642. \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0643\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u063a\u0637\u064a \u062e\u0637\u0648\u0637 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062f\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629. \u062a\u0633\u0639\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0644\u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u062a\u0638\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0643\u062b\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0637\u0648\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.damascus.sy\/public_transport_review_2021\" title=\"3|\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0629 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0645\u0634\u0642|2021\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[3]<\/a><\/sup>. \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0644\u0627\u062a\u060c \u062a\u0644\u0639\u0628 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0631\u0629 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u062e\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0645\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0643\u062b\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0623\u0646\u062d\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0631 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0629 &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0633&#8221; \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062e\u0637\u0648\u0637 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629\u064b \u062e\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0645\u0634\u0642 \u0648\u0631\u064a\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.sana.sy\/local_transport_analysis_2019\" title=\"4|\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a \u0633\u0627\u0646\u0627|2019\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[4]<\/a><\/sup>. \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0645\u0642\u062a\u0631\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062e\u0637\u0637 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0631\u0648 \u0623\u0646\u0641\u0627\u0642 \u0623\u0648 \u0642\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u062e\u0641\u064a\u0641 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0645\u0634\u0642 \u0628\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0648\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0632\u062f\u062d\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0631\u064e \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u062a\u0628\u0642\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0624\u0649 \u062c\u0632\u0621\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u062c\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0645\u0629<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.araburban.org\/damascus_metro_plans_2008\" title=\"5|\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0645\u062a\u0631\u0648 \u062f\u0645\u0634\u0642|2008\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[5]<\/a><\/sup>. <\/p>\n<h3>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0629<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n<p>\u064a\u064f\u0639\u062f\u0651 \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u0645\u0634\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0642\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a 30 \u0643\u064a\u0644\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628 \u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629. \u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0641\u062a\u062a\u0627\u062d\u0647 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1973\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u064a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0639\u0634\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0639\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0645 2011\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0633\u0646\u0648\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u064a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064b\u0627 \u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.syriacivilaviation.gov.sy\/damascus_airport_profile_2010\" title=\"6|\u0645\u062d\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u0645\u0634\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a|2010\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[6]<\/a><\/sup>. \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u062f\u0645\u0634\u0642 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0628\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0643\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a \u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0628\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0646\u0628\u0639 \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a \u064a\u0642\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0648\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0628\u0631\u062f\u0649\u060c \u0648\u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0645\u0646\u0647 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0642\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0645\u0639\u0642\u062f\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629. \u062a\u064f\u0628\u0630\u0644 \u062c\u0647\u0648\u062f \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062d\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.syriawater.gov.sy\/water_resources_damascus_2017\" title=\"7|\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0645\u0634\u0642|2017\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[7]<\/a><\/sup>. \u062a\u062a\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u062f\u0645\u0634\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0637\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u062f \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629. \u062a\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0632\u0627\u064a\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0623\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0646\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u062f\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0648\u062f \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0642\u062f<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.syriaelectricity.gov.sy\/energy_sector_report_2022\" title=\"8|\u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a|2022\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[8]<\/a><\/sup>. \u064a\u0634\u0647\u062f \u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0645\u0634\u0642 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0638\u064b\u0627\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0631 \u0634\u0628\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u062a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0645\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u063a\u0637\u064a \u0645\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u0623\u0646\u062d\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0639. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0628\u0623\u0633\u0639\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0633\u0639\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u063a\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a \u0644\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.syriatel.sy\/annual_report_2023\" title=\"9|\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0648\u064a \u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0633\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0644|2023\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[9]<\/a><\/sup>. \u062a\u0645\u062a\u0644\u0643 \u062f\u0645\u0634\u0642 \u0639\u062f\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0641\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0639\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0641\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0633\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u064a \u0648\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0641\u0649 \u062f\u0645\u0634\u0642 (\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0647\u062f)\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0621. \u062a\u0633\u0639\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0644\u062a\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0632\u0627\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0639\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.moh.gov.sy\/damascus_health_facilities_2020\" title=\"10|\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u062f\u0645\u0634\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u0629|2020\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[10]<\/a><\/sup>. <\/p>\n<h2>\u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629<\/h2>\n<\/p>\n<p>\u062a\u064f\u0639\u062f\u0651 \u062f\u0645\u0634\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0623\u0647\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0628\u0648\u062a\u0642\u0629 \u062a\u0646\u0635\u0647\u0631 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0636\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0643\u0633\u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0629 \u0643\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0625\u0634\u0639\u0627\u0639 \u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0648\u0641\u0646\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629. \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0623\u0633\u0647\u0645\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u062b\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0622\u062f\u0627\u0628\u060c \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0636\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0627\u062d\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0641\u0638 \u0630\u0627\u0643\u0631\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062b\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0646\u064a. <\/p>\n<h3>\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0622\u062f\u0627\u0628<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n<p>\u0628\u0631\u0632\u062a \u062f\u0645\u0634\u0642 \u0643\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0623\u0646\u062c\u0628\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u062b\u0631\u0648\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0629. \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0628\u0631\u0632 \u0647\u0624\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0639\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0646\u0632\u0627\u0631 \u0642\u0628\u0627\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062a\u063a\u0646\u0649 \u0628\u062f\u0645\u0634\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0635\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0627\u0626\u064a \u062d\u0646\u0627 \u0645\u064a\u0646\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0631\u062d\u064a \u0633\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0648\u0646\u0648\u0633\u060c \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u0648\u0627 \u0628\u0635\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0631\u062d<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.arablit.org\/damascene_authors_overview_2015\" title=\"11|\u0646\u0638\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0645\u0634\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0646|2015\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[11]<\/a><\/sup>. \u062a\u0632\u062e\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u0631\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u062d\u062a\u0636\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0631\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0645\u064a \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0645\u0634\u0642 \u0639\u0631\u0648\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0633\u0631\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u064f\u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0628\u0631\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u064f\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u062f\u0645\u0634\u0642 \u0628\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0642\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0641\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u064a\u0644\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062c\u062f \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.damascusopera.com\/history_and_activities_2019\" title=\"12|\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0628\u0631\u0627 \u0628\u062f\u0645\u0634\u0642 \u0648\u0623\u0646\u0634\u0637\u062a\u0647\u0627|2019\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[12]<\/a><\/sup>. \u064a\u062d\u062a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0644\u064a \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0647\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0645\u0634\u0642\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0635\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u0646\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0639\u0631\u0628. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0634\u0647\u062f\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0638\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0641\u0646\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0644\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u062b\u0631\u0648\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0644\u0648\u062d\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0648\u0645\u0646\u062d\u0648\u062a\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.syrianart.com\/damascus_art_scene_2018\" title=\"13|\u0645\u0634\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0644\u064a \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0645\u0634\u0642|2018\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[13]<\/a><\/sup>. \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0635\u0639\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627\u060c \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u062f\u0645\u0634\u0642 \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0623\u0633\u0633\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1963\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0646\u062a\u062c\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u062b\u0627\u0626\u0642\u064a\u0629. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0636\u0627\u0641\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0647\u0631\u062c\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u0645\u0634\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u064a\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0623\u0646\u062d\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0648\u064a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0623\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.syrian-cinema.com\/history_and_festivals_2017\" title=\"14|\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0647\u0631\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627|2017\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[14]<\/a><\/sup>. \u062a\u0634\u062a\u0647\u0631 \u062f\u0645\u0634\u0642 \u0628\u062d\u0631\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u062f\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0623\u0635\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0626\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u064a\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0645\u0634\u0642\u064a (\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0648\u0643\u0627\u0631) \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0647\u064a\u0631\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0637\u0639\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0634\u0628 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0641\u060c \u0648\u0646\u0641\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c\u060c \u0648\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0627\u062a. \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0641 \u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a \u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f \u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0647\u064a \u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062b\u0647 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u064a\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u064a\u064f\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.unesco.org\/intangible-heritage\/syria_crafts_2016\" title=\"15|\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u062f\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0631\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646\u0633\u0643\u0648|2016\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[15]<\/a><\/sup>. <\/p>\n<h3>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0627\u062d\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n<p>\u064a\u064f\u0639\u062f\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a \u0628\u062f\u0645\u0634\u0642 \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0623\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0627\u062d\u0641 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0633\u0637\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u0636\u0645 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0647\u0627\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u063a\u0637\u064a \u0639\u0635\u0648\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0645\u062a\u062f \u0644\u0622\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u0627 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a. \u064a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u0641 \u0643\u0646\u0648\u0632\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0636\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0623\u0648\u063a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062a \u0648\u0645\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0648\u062a\u062f\u0645\u0631\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u0637\u0639 \u0641\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0646\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.syriantourism.org\/national_museum_damascus_collection_2014\" title=\"16|\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a \u0628\u062f\u0645\u0634\u0642|2014\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[16]<\/a><\/sup>. \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u060c \u062a\u0636\u0645 \u062f\u0645\u0634\u0642 \u0645\u062a\u0627\u062d\u0641 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0645\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0629\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u062d\u0641 \u0642\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u064f\u0639\u062f\u0651 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c\u064b\u0627 \u0631\u0627\u0626\u0639\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0645\u0634\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u064a\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0648\u0636\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0645\u0634\u0642 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0645\u062a\u062d\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0645\u062a\u062d\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0644\u0645\u062d\u0629 \u0641\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.damascus.gov.sy\/cultural_sites_guide_2017\" title=\"17|\u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0645\u0634\u0642|2017\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[17]<\/a><\/sup>. \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u062f\u0639\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0645\u0634\u0642\u060c \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0647\u064a \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u062a\u0636\u0645 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0644\u0639\u0628 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0641\u0638 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u064f\u0639\u062f\u0651 \u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0629 \u0635\u0631\u062d\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u064a\u0636\u0645 \u0645\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0646\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0648\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0636\u062a<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.assadlibrary.gov.sy\/about_us_2021\" title=\"18|\u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629|2021\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[18]<\/a><\/sup>. \u062a\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0645\u0634\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0648\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0631\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0629. \u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0632 \u0648\u0631\u0634 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u060c \u0646\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0636 \u0641\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0639\u0631\u0648\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0633\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u062b\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u0635\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0647\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0628\u0629<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.culture.gov.sy\/cultural_centers_network_2018\" title=\"19|\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629|2018\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[19]<\/a><\/sup>. \u062a\u0636\u0637\u0644\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0645\u0634\u0642 \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u064f\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u062f\u0645\u0634\u0642\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0623\u0633\u0633\u062a \u0639\u0627\u0645 1923\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0648\u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629. \u062a\u0633\u0647\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062e\u0631\u064a\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0632\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.damascusuniversity.edu.sy\/history_and_mission_2023\" title=\"20|\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0648\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u062f\u0645\u0634\u0642|2023\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[20]<\/a><\/sup>. <\/p>\n<h2>\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u062d\u0629<\/h2>\n<\/p>\n<p>\u062a\u064f\u0639\u062f\u0651 \u062f\u0645\u0634\u0642\u060c \u0628\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0648\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062b\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u062c\u0627\u0630\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e. \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646\u0633\u0643\u0648 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u060c \u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u062c\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0641\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0648\u0639\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0632\u0648\u062c\u0629 \u0628\u0623\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0628\u0636\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0623\u0643\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0647\u064a\u0629. <\/p>\n<h3>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n<p>\u064a\u064f\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0645\u0634\u0642\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0623\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645. \u0628\u064f\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0636 \u0645\u0639\u0628\u062f \u0631\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0643\u0646\u064a\u0633\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0632\u0646\u0637\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u064a\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0636\u0631\u064a\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u064a \u064a\u062d\u064a\u0649 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0648\u064a\u064f\u0639\u062f\u0651 \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064b\u0627 \u0631\u0648\u062d\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u064a\u0632\u0648\u0631\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u062f \u0633\u0648\u0627\u0621<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.islamicart.com\/umayyad_mosque_history_2010\" title=\"21|\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0648\u064a|2010\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[21]<\/a><\/sup>. \u062a\u064f\u0639\u062f\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u062f\u0645\u0634\u0642\u060c \u0628\u0623\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u0632\u0642\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0632\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062b\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062c\u0648\u0647\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u0631 \u0628\u062b\u0645\u0646. \u062a\u062d\u064a\u0637 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0623\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0631 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u062e\u0644\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0633\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0623\u0628\u0648\u0627\u0628\u060c \u0623\u0628\u0631\u0632\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0634\u0631\u0642\u064a \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u062a\u0648\u0645\u0627\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0631 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 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\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0646\u0627\u0626\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0633\u064a\u062d\u064a\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0646\u064a\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062b\u0648\u0630\u0643\u0633 \u0648\u0643\u0646\u064a\u0633\u0629 \u062d\u0646\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u0629 \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0634\u0627\u0631\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u064f\u0639\u062a\u0642\u062f \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0631\u0623\u0649 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\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u062f\u0645\u0634\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.orient-institute.org\/damascus_citadel_research_2011\" title=\"24|\u0623\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b \u0642\u0644\u0639\u0629 \u062f\u0645\u0634\u0642|2011\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[24]<\/a><\/sup>. \u062a\u064f\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u062f\u0645\u0634\u0642 \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0633\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0636\u0645 \u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062f\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0647\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0632\u064a\u0646\u0628 \u0628\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0628\u0646 \u0623\u0628\u064a 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href=\"https:\/\/www.islamiclandmarks.com\/syria\/damascus_shrines_2015\" title=\"25|\u0645\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0645\u0634\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629|2015\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[25]<\/a><\/sup>. <\/p>\n<h3>\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0647\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0648\u0642<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n<p>\u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u062f\u0645\u0634\u0642 \u0644\u0632\u0648\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u0632\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u064f\u0639\u062f\u0651 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u0627\u062a \u062e\u0636\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u062e\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0647. \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0628\u0631\u0632 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u062d\u062f\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u0628\u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0641\u0642\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0647\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u062d\u062f\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0643\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0643\u0646 \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0632\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0626\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0642\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0623\u0648\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0642<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.damascus.gov.sy\/parks_guide_2019\" title=\"26|\u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u062d\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u062f\u0645\u0634\u0642|2019\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[26]<\/a><\/sup>. \u062a\u064f\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u062f\u0645\u0634\u0642 \u0628\u0645\u0623\u0643\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0647\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0637\u0627\u0639\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0623\u0634\u0647\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0628\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0645\u0634\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0647\u064a\u0631\u0629. \u062a\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0627\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0648\u062d \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0627\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u062e\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062b\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0645\u0642\u0647\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0641\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0642\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u062a\u062c\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u062d\u0643\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0627\u062a\u064a<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.tasteofsyria.com\/damascene_cuisine_guide_2016\" title=\"27|\u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0628\u062e \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0645\u0634\u0642\u064a|2016\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[27]<\/a><\/sup>. \u064a\u064f\u0639\u062f\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0648\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0642 \u062f\u0645\u0634\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062c\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u064f\u0646\u0633\u0649\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0632\u0648\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062b\u0648\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u062f\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u064a\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0645\u0634\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0631\u0632\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0634\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0639\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0646\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0645\u0634\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0647\u064a\u0631\u0629. \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0642 \u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a \u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0648\u0642\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0647\u064a \u062c\u0632\u0621 \u062d\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0647\u0627<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.lonelyplanet.com\/syria\/damascus\/shopping_guide_2010\" title=\"28|\u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0648\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0645\u0634\u0642 \u0644\u0648\u0646\u0644\u064a \u0628\u0644\u0627\u0646\u064a\u062a|2010\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[28]<\/a><\/sup>. \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062a\u0636\u0645 \u062f\u0645\u0634\u0642 \u0639\u062f\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0644\u0628\u064a \u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629. \u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0632 \u062a\u062c\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u062a\u0633\u0648\u0642 \u0645\u0631\u064a\u062d\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0643\u064a\u0641\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0636\u0645 \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0635\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0633\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u0648\u0645\u0637\u0627\u0639\u0645 \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u062a\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0647\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0626\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0627\u0628<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.shamcitycenter.com\/about_us_2022\" title=\"29|\u0639\u0646 \u0634\u0627\u0645 \u0633\u064a\u062a\u064a \u0633\u0646\u062a\u0631|2022\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[29]<\/a><\/sup>. \u062a\u0633\u062a\u0636\u064a\u0641 \u062f\u0645\u0634\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0631\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0645\u0647\u0631\u062c\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u0645\u0634\u0642 \u0644\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0637\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0632\u0648\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645. \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0633\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0643\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0644\u0644\u062c\u0630\u0628<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.syriafair.com\/damascus_events_calendar_2023\" title=\"30|\u062a\u0642\u0648\u064a\u0645 \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0645\u0634\u0642|2023\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[30]<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0645\u0629 \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u062f\u0646\u0647\u0627\u060c \u062a\u0642\u0639 \u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628 \u063a\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":785,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[45,55],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-786","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-45","category-55"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/cosmalore.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/786","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/cosmalore.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/cosmalore.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cosmalore.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cosmalore.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=786"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/cosmalore.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/786\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cosmalore.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/785"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/cosmalore.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=786"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cosmalore.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=786"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cosmalore.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=786"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}