{"id":4599,"date":"2026-08-28T15:25:18","date_gmt":"2026-08-28T15:25:18","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/cosmalore.com\/ar\/?p=4599"},"modified":"2026-08-28T15:25:18","modified_gmt":"2026-08-28T15:25:18","slug":"sheba","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/cosmalore.com\/ar\/2026\/08\/28\/sheba\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0633\u0628\u0623"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0633\u0628\u0623 \u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0642\u0627\u0645\u062a \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628 \u063a\u0631\u0628 \u0634\u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u064f\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0632\u062f\u0647\u0631\u062a \u0641\u064a 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\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0622\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0642\u0635\u0629 \u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0633\u0628\u0623 \u0648\u0632\u064a\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0628\u064a \u0633\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062c\u0639\u0644\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0636\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u062d\u0636\u0648\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629.<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/place\/Saba-ancient-kingdom-Arabia\" title=\"1|Saba&amp;apos;|Britannica Editors|2025\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[1]<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n<div class=\"infobox\">\n<table>\n<tr class=\"ib-sec\">\n<td colspan=\"2\">\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"ib-row\">\n<td class=\"ib-label\">\u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<td class=\"ib-val\">\u0646\u062d\u0648 950 \u0642.\u0645 \u2013 275\u0645 (\u062a\u0630\u0647\u0628 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0623\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0623\u0628\u0643\u0631 \u064a\u0635\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u062d\u0648 1200 \u0642.\u0645)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"ib-row\">\n<td class=\"ib-label\">\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0645\u0629<\/td>\n<td class=\"ib-val\">\u0645\u0623\u0631\u0628<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"ib-row\">\n<td class=\"ib-label\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639<\/td>\n<td class=\"ib-val\">\u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628 \u063a\u0631\u0628 \u0634\u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0646 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u064b\u0627)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"ib-row\">\n<td class=\"ib-label\">\u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629<\/td>\n<td class=\"ib-val\">\u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0626\u064a\u0629 (\u0625\u062d\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0628\u062e\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0646\u062f)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"ib-sec\">\n<td colspan=\"2\">\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"ib-row\">\n<td class=\"ib-label\">\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0642\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0643\u0631<\/td>\n<td class=\"ib-val\">\u0645\u064f\u0643\u0631\u0650\u0651\u0628 (\u0628\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062d\u0650\u0651\u062f)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"ib-row\">\n<td class=\"ib-label\">\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0642\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0623\u062e\u0631<\/td>\n<td class=\"ib-val\">\u0645\u0644\u0643 (\u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0639\u0647\u062f \u0643\u0627\u0631\u0628 \u0625\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u062a\u0631)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"ib-row\">\n<td class=\"ib-label\">\u0623\u0628\u0631\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0648\u0643<\/td>\n<td class=\"ib-val\">\u064a\u062b\u0639 \u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0648\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 (\u0628\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0633\u062f \u0645\u0623\u0631\u0628) \u00b7 \u0643\u0627\u0631\u0628 \u0625\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u062a\u0631 (\u0623\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u0645\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0633\u0628\u0623)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"ib-sec\">\n<td colspan=\"2\">\u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"ib-row\">\n<td class=\"ib-label\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0628\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a<\/td>\n<td class=\"ib-val\">\u0623\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0647\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0645\u0631<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"ib-row\">\n<td class=\"ib-label\">\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f<\/td>\n<td class=\"ib-val\">\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062e\u0648\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0633\u062f \u0645\u0623\u0631\u0628<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"ib-sec\">\n<td colspan=\"2\">\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"ib-row\">\n<td class=\"ib-label\">\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0632\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<td class=\"ib-val\">\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u062d\u0650\u0645\u0652\u064a\u0631<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"ib-row\">\n<td class=\"ib-label\">\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a<\/td>\n<td class=\"ib-val\">\u0646\u062d\u0648 275\u0645<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/table>\n<div class=\"ib-foot\">COSMALORE \u00b7 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0633\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h2>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0648\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0623\u0631\u0628<\/h2>\n<p>\u0642\u0627\u0645\u062a \u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0633\u0628\u0623 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0634\u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u064f\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0646\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0627\u062a\u062e\u0630\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0623\u0631\u0628\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0645\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u062f \u064a\u0635\u0631\u0641 \u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u062d\u0648\u0636 \u062c\u0628\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639\u060c \u0639\u0627\u0635\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0637\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u0647\u0627.<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.universalis.fr\/encyclopedie\/yemen\/4-du-royaume-de-saba-a-la-reunification-du-yemen\/\" title=\"2|Y\u00c9MEN - Du royaume de Saba \u00e0 la r\u00e9unification du Y\u00e9men|Serge Cleuziou, Encyclop\u00e6dia Universalis|2025\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[2]<\/a><\/sup> \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0648\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0631\u062e\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0628\u0631\u0632\u0647\u0645 \u0628\u0644\u064a\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631\u060c \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0640&#8221;\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u064a\u062f\u0629&#8221;\u060c \u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062e\u0635\u0648\u0628\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062b\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649.<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.worldhistory.org\/Kingdom_of_Saba\/\" title=\"3|Kingdom of Saba|Joshua J. Mark, World History Encyclopedia|2018\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[3]<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n<h2>\u0646\u0634\u0623\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0648\u0635\u0639\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0626\u064a\u064a\u0646<\/h2>\n<p>\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0628\u0631\u0648\u0632 \u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0633\u0628\u0623\u060c \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062e\u0636\u0639 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u062f \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0644\u0633\u064a\u0637\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0635\u062d\u0627\u0628 \u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646\u060c \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0626\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0627 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0633\u0646\u0629 950 \u0642.\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0641\u0631\u0636 \u0647\u064a\u0645\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0628\u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062f \u0643\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0627 \u0642\u062f \u0623\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0648\u0627 \u0633\u064a\u0637\u0631\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0636\u0631\u0645\u0648\u062a \u0648\u0642\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0645\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0627.<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.worldhistory.org\/Kingdom_of_Saba\/\" title=\"4|Kingdom of Saba|Joshua J. Mark, World History Encyclopedia|2018\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[4]<\/a><\/sup> \u0648\u062a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0648\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0628\u062e\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0646\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0648\u062d \u0639\u062f\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0633\u062a\u0629 \u0648\u0633\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0622\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0646\u0642\u0634 \u0627\u0643\u062a\u064f\u0634\u0641 \u0645\u0639\u0638\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0633\u0628\u0639\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0636\u0627\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0646\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0647\u0627.<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.universalis.fr\/encyclopedie\/yemen\/4-du-royaume-de-saba-a-la-reunification-du-yemen\/\" title=\"5|Y\u00c9MEN - Du royaume de Saba \u00e0 la r\u00e9unification du Y\u00e9men|Serge Cleuziou, Encyclop\u00e6dia Universalis|2025\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[5]<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n<h2>\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645: \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064f\u0643\u0631\u0650\u0651\u0628 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643<\/h2>\n<p>\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u062d\u0643\u0627\u0645 \u0633\u0628\u0623 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0642\u0628 &#8220;\u0645\u064f\u0643\u0631\u0650\u0651\u0628&#8221;\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062d\u0650\u0651\u062f&#8221;\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0644\u0642\u0628 \u064a\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062c\u062d \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0643\u0645 \u0628\u0648\u0635\u0641\u0647 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0646\u0648\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0642\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f \u0648\u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u064f\u0643\u0631\u0650\u0651\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0647\u062f \u064a\u062b\u0639 \u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0648\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0633\u062f \u0645\u0623\u0631\u0628\u060c \u0648\u0639\u0647\u062f \u0643\u0627\u0631\u0628 \u0625\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u062a\u0631\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0623\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u0645\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0633\u0628\u0623 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0642\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0626\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0642\u0628 &#8220;\u0645\u064e\u0644\u0650\u0643&#8221; \u0628\u062f\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 &#8220;\u0645\u064f\u0643\u0631\u0650\u0651\u0628&#8221;\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0641\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0648\u0643.<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.worldhistory.org\/Kingdom_of_Saba\/\" title=\"6|Kingdom of Saba|Joshua J. Mark, World History Encyclopedia|2018\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[6]<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n<h2>\u0643\u0627\u0631\u0628 \u0625\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u062a\u0631 \u0648\u0630\u0631\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0626\u064a<\/h2>\n<p>\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643 \u0643\u0627\u0631\u0628 \u0625\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u062a\u0631\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062f\u0633 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062f \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0628\u062d\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639\u0629 \u062a\u0648\u0633\u0651\u0639\u062a \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0633\u0628\u0623 \u0648\u062a\u0636\u062e\u0651\u0645\u062a \u062e\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0625\u0630 \u0644\u064f\u0642\u0651\u0628 \u0628\u0623\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0628 \u062a\u0641\u064a\u062f \u0633\u0637\u0648\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u062d\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0636\u062f \u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0623\u0648\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0631\u0629\u060c \u062b\u0645 \u0636\u062f \u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0641\u0631\u0636 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u062c\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u062b\u0631\u062a \u0645\u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0647 \u0623\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0647 \u0625\u062b\u0631\u0627\u0621\u064b \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u064b\u0627. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u062d\u0636\u0631\u0645\u0648\u062a \u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0636\u0637\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0648\u0631 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0623\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0633\u0628\u0623 \u0648\u062f\u0641\u0639 \u0636\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0628 \u0628\u0627\u0647\u0638\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u0636\u0627\u0626\u0639\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0641\u0633\u0631 \u062c\u0632\u0626\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0637\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0639\u064f\u0631\u0641\u062a \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0629.<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.worldhistory.org\/Kingdom_of_Saba\/\" title=\"7|Kingdom of Saba|Joshua J. Mark, World History Encyclopedia|2018\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[7]<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n<h2>\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062e\u0648\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0632\u062f\u0647\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0629<\/h2>\n<p>\u0634\u0643\u0651\u0644 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u064f\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0628\u0640&#8221;\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062e\u0648\u0631&#8221; \u0623\u0648 &#8220;\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0644&#8221; \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631\u064a \u0644\u062b\u0631\u0648\u0629 \u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0633\u0628\u0623\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u062a\u0631\u0628\u0637 \u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u063a\u0632\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u062a\u0646\u0627\u0647\u0632 1,200 \u0645\u064a\u0644 (\u0646\u062d\u0648 1,931 \u0643\u064a\u0644\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631\u064b\u0627)\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u063a\u0631\u0642 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u062e\u0645\u0633\u0629 \u0648\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0648\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u060c \u062a\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0641 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0643\u0644 \u0644\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0636\u0627\u0626\u0639 \u0648\u0625\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u0644.<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.worldhistory.org\/Kingdom_of_Saba\/\" title=\"8|Kingdom of Saba|Joshua J. Mark, World History Encyclopedia|2018\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[8]<\/a><\/sup> \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0623\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0634\u062d\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0634\u062c\u0627\u0631 \u0633\u0627\u062d\u0644 \u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0633\u0644\u0639 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0627\u060c \u0644\u062a\u0635\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0627\u0641 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0642 \u0628\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0648\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0641\u062f\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0641 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0635\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0648\u0635\u064a\u062f\u0627 \u0648\u062c\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0645.<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.worldhistory.org\/Kingdom_of_Saba\/\" title=\"9|Kingdom of Saba|Joshua J. Mark, World History Encyclopedia|2018\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[9]<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n<blockquote><p>\n\u0628\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u064a\u0627\u0628 \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0626\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0647\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u063a\u0646\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0643\u0645\u064b\u0651\u0627 \u0647\u0627\u0626\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0646\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0647\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0636\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0633\u0631\u0651\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0648\u0623\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064d\u060c \u0641\u0636\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u0641\u062e\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0648\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0632\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0628\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u062c\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0633\u0642\u0648\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u062c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u0647\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0636\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u062c\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0645\u0629.<br \/>\n<strong>\u2014 \u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062f\u0633 \u0639\u0634\u0631\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062f\u064a<\/strong>\n<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<h2>\u0633\u062f \u0645\u0623\u0631\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0639\u064a<\/h2>\n<p>\u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0633\u0628\u0623 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0633\u062f \u0645\u0623\u0631\u0628\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0623\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0633\u062f \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0623\u064f\u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0644\u0636\u0628\u0637 \u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0648\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0630\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0628\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u062a\u0641\u064a\u0636 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0648\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0637\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062f\u064a. \u0634\u064f\u064a\u0651\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064f\u0643\u0631\u0650\u0651\u0628 \u064a\u062b\u0639 \u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0648\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0623\u062a\u0627\u062d \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0648\u0641\u0651\u0631\u0647 \u062d\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0631\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0648\u0634\u0639\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0639\u0646\u0628 \u0648\u0630\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0642\u0645\u062d \u0648\u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0627\u0643\u0647\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u064a\u0630 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a \u0648\u062a\u0635\u062f\u064a\u0631\u0647.<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.worldhistory.org\/Kingdom_of_Saba\/\" title=\"10|Kingdom of Saba|Joshua J. Mark, World History Encyclopedia|2018\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[10]<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n<h2>\u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0639\u0628\u062f \u0623\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0647<\/h2>\n<p>\u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0626\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0622\u0644\u0647\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0647 \u0623\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0647\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0645\u0631\u060c \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u064f\u0646\u0633\u0628 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0623\u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u0645 \u0635\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0646\u0648\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u064a\u0642\u062a\u0631\u0646 \u0628\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0628\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0623\u0646\u062b\u0649 \u062a\u064f\u062f\u0639\u0649 \u0634\u0645\u0633\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0633. \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0628\u062f \u0645\u062d\u0631\u0645 \u0628\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0633 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0623\u0631\u0628\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0635\u0635 \u0644\u0639\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0623\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0638\u0644 \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0633\u064b\u0627 \u064a\u064f\u0642\u0635\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0632\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0632\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0642\u0631\u0648\u0646. \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0646\u0648\u062a\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0625\u0646 \u0648\u064f\u062c\u062f\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645 \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0631\u062c\u062d\u060c \u062a\u062a\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0631\u0639\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0634\u0624\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0628\u062f \u0648\u062a\u0644\u0642\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u062e\u0648\u0631 \u0648\u0645\u0627\u0634\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064d \u0632\u0631\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0628\u062f\u064a\u0646.<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.worldhistory.org\/Kingdom_of_Saba\/\" title=\"11|Kingdom of Saba|Joshua J. Mark, World History Encyclopedia|2018\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[11]<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n<h2>\u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0648\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0646\u062f\u064a\u0629<\/h2>\n<p>\u0627\u0645\u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0626\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u062e\u0627\u0635\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0647\u0645 \u064a\u064f\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0628\u062e\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0646\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0641\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0629\u060c \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0645\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u062d\u0636\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0645\u0635\u0631 \u0648\u0622\u0634\u0648\u0631\u060c \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0648\u0627 \u0648\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0647\u0645 \u0633\u0631\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0641\u0635\u0644\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0625\u0630 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0631\u062a \u0623\u063a\u0644\u0628 \u0646\u0642\u0648\u0634\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0634\u0641\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062e\u0644\u064a\u062f \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0628\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u0637\u060c \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0647\u062f \u062a\u0635\u0648\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0648\u0636\u062d \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u0631\u0648\u064a \u0623\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b \u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0648\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0632\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0633\u0647\u0628.<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.worldhistory.org\/Kingdom_of_Saba\/\" title=\"12|Kingdom of Saba|Joshua J. Mark, World History Encyclopedia|2018\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[12]<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n<h2>\u0623\u0633\u0637\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0633\u0628\u0623 \u0648\u0646\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0633\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0627\u0646<\/h2>\n<p>\u064a\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0633\u0628\u0623 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0642\u0635\u0629 \u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0633\u0628\u0623 \u0648\u0632\u064a\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u064a \u0633\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0641\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0648\u0633\u0641\u0631 \u0623\u062e\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u064a\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0633\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0622\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0645\u060c \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0633\u062e\u0629 \u0645\u0648\u0633\u0651\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 &#8220;\u0643\u0650\u0628\u0631\u0627 \u0646\u064e\u062c\u0627\u0633\u062a&#8221; \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062b\u064a\u0648\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0633\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0621 \u0623\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062b\u064a\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0647\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0645\u062a\u0639\u062a \u0628\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u0639\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0628\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646\u0647 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0646 \u0623\u064a \u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0623\u062b\u0631\u064a \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644 \u0639\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u062b\u0628\u062a \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u064b\u0627.<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Queen-of-Sheba\" title=\"13|Queen of Sheba|Britannica Editors|2025\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[13]<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n<h2>\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0648\u0633\u0642\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u064a\u0631\u064a\u064a\u0646<\/h2>\n<p>\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0646\u062c\u0645 \u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0633\u0628\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0648\u0644 \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u062c\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0637\u0644\u0645\u064a\u060c \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u0636\u0651\u0644\u062a \u0645\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0637\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0645\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0633\u0628\u0623 \u062a\u0633\u064a\u0637\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u062a\u0641\u0631\u0636 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0628\u060c \u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u062a \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0643\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0637 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0625\u062c\u0628\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628. \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u0646 \u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0642\u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0625\u0630 \u0646\u0647\u0636\u062a \u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u062d\u0650\u0645\u0652\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0631\u064a\u062f\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0639\u062a \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u062c\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0623\u062e\u0636\u0639\u062a \u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0633\u0628\u0623 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0633\u0646\u0629 275\u0645\u060c \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u0639\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0642\u0628 &#8220;\u0645\u0644\u0643 \u0633\u0628\u0623 \u0648\u0630\u064a \u0631\u064a\u062f\u0627\u0646&#8221; \u062a\u062e\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0631\u062b.<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.worldhistory.org\/Kingdom_of_Saba\/\" title=\"14|Kingdom of Saba|Joshua J. Mark, World History Encyclopedia|2018\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[14]<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n<h2>\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0631\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062b\u0631\u064a \u0648\u0645\u0635\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0623\u0631\u0628<\/h2>\n<p>\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u062a \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0623\u0631\u0628 \u0645\u0623\u0647\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0633\u0642\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0648\u0635\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064b\u0627 \u062d\u0636\u0631\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0647\u0645\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0631 \u0633\u062f \u0645\u0623\u0631\u0628 \u0646\u0647\u0627\u0626\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0648\u0627\u062e\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062f\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062c\u062d \u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0642\u062f\u0645\u0647 \u0648\u0625\u0647\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0635\u064a\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0623\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0622\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642 \u0642\u0635\u0629 &#8220;\u0633\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0645&#8221; \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0633\u0628\u0623\u060c \u0641\u0623\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0646\u0647\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u064a\u0636\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0636\u0637\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u062c\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0623\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0644\u064a\u0643\u062a\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0646\u0637\u0645\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0636\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u064f\u0639\u0627\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0647\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0633\u0639 \u0639\u0634\u0631.<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.worldhistory.org\/Kingdom_of_Saba\/\" title=\"15|Kingdom of Saba|Joshua J. Mark, World History Encyclopedia|2018\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[15]<\/a><\/sup> \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0623\u062f\u0631\u062c\u062a \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646\u0633\u0643\u0648 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0633\u0628\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062b\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0623\u0631\u0628 \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0633\u062f \u0645\u0623\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u060c \u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636\u062a \u0644\u0623\u0636\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u062c\u0633\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0632\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u062d \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0646\u060c \u0645\u0627 \u062f\u0641\u0639 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0635\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a \u062c\u0627\u0646-\u0641\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0648\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635 \u0641\u064a \u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631 \u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0630\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0637\u0631 \u0636\u064a\u0627\u0639 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0631\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0636\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062f\u0631.<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.clio.fr\/bibliotheque\/pdf\/pdf_saba__les_sabeens_et_leur_capitale_marib_yemen.pdf\" title=\"16|Saba&amp;apos;, les Sab\u00e9ens et leur capitale Marib (Y\u00e9men)|Jean-Fran\u00e7ois Breton, Clio|2020\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[16]<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u062d\u0636\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0646<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":4598,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[2],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-4599","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-history"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/cosmalore.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4599","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/cosmalore.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/cosmalore.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cosmalore.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cosmalore.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4599"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/cosmalore.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4599\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4600,"href":"https:\/\/cosmalore.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4599\/revisions\/4600"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cosmalore.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/4598"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/cosmalore.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4599"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cosmalore.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=4599"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cosmalore.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=4599"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}