{"id":435,"date":"2026-03-28T05:04:38","date_gmt":"2026-03-28T01:34:38","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/cosmalore.com\/ar\/2026\/03\/28\/%d9%85%d9%88%d8%b1%d9%8a%d8%aa%d8%a7%d9%86%d9%8a%d8%a7\/"},"modified":"2026-03-28T05:04:38","modified_gmt":"2026-03-28T01:34:38","slug":"%d9%85%d9%88%d8%b1%d9%8a%d8%aa%d8%a7%d9%86%d9%8a%d8%a7","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/cosmalore.com\/ar\/wiki\/%d9%85%d9%88%d8%b1%d9%8a%d8%aa%d8%a7%d9%86%d9%8a%d8%a7\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0645\u0648\u0631\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"geo-wrap\">\n<p class=\"geo-subtitle\">\u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0635\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0633\u0627\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062c\u0633\u0631 \u062d\u0636\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0648\u0625\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0627.<\/p>\n<figure class=\"geo-img-main\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/4\/43\/Flag_of_Mauritania.svg\/1280px-Flag_of_Mauritania.svg.png\" alt=\"\u0645\u0648\u0631\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627\" loading=\"eager\"><figcaption>\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0640\u0645\u0648\u0631\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<figure class=\"geo-img-flag\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/flagcdn.com\/w640\/mr.png\" alt=\"\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0645\u0648\u0631\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627\" loading=\"lazy\"><figcaption>\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a \u0644\u0640\u0645\u0648\u0631\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<div class=\"geo-intro\">\n<p>\u062a\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0631\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c 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\u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0645\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0629 \u0625\u064a\u0627\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u062c\u064a\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u0631 \u0628\u062b\u0645\u0646 \u0643\u0628\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u0649 \u0648\u062c\u0633\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0636\u0627\u0631\u064a. \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0635\u0639\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0645\u060c \u062a\u063a\u0637\u064a \u0645\u0648\u0631\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u062a\u0646\u0627\u0647\u0632 1,030,700 \u0643\u064a\u0644\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631 \u0645\u0631\u0628\u0639<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/mauritania\/\" title=\"1|\u0648\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0629_\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a_\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a\u0629|2024\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[1]<\/a><\/sup>\u060c \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0629\u064b. \u0648\u064a\u0642\u062f\u0631 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0646\u062d\u0648 4.9 \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0646\u0633\u0645\u0629<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.worldbank.org\/en\/country\/mauritania\/overview\" title=\"2|\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0643_\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a|2023\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[2]<\/a><\/sup> \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 \u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 2023\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0639\u0627\u0645 2026. \u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0639\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u060c \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0628\u0644\u063a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0645\u064a \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a 10.6 \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.imf.org\/en\/Countries\/MRT\" title=\"3|\u0635\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0642_\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u062f_\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a|2024\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[3]<\/a><\/sup> 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\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0639\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062f\u064a<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/place\/Mauritania\/History\" title=\"5|\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u0627|2024\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[5]<\/a><\/sup>\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0645\u062a\u062f \u0646\u0641\u0648\u0630\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u064a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0623\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0625\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u062f\u0644\u0633\u060c \u062a\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629\u064b \u0625\u0631\u062b\u064b\u0627 \u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u063a\u0646\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062f\u0646 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0634\u0646\u0642\u064a\u0637 \u0648\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0629\u060c 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\u062a\u0633\u062a\u0639\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f \u0633\u064a\u0627\u062f\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0645\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0648\u0641\u0645\u0628\u0631 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1960<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.un.org\/press\/en\/2020\/ga12257.doc.htm\" title=\"6|\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645_\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629|2020\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[6]<\/a><\/sup>\u060c \u0644\u062a\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0641\u0635\u0644\u0627\u064b \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a. \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0647\u0646\u060c \u062a\u062d\u0638\u0649 \u0645\u0648\u0631\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627 \u0628\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u064a\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629. \u0641\u0647\u064a \u0639\u0636\u0648 \u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a \u0648\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0633\u0639\u0649 \u062c\u0627\u0647\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0641\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0631\u0647\u0627\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629. \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u064b\u0627\u060c \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062b\u0631\u0648\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0643\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0633\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062a\u062c\u0647 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u063a\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0637 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0632<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.worldbank.org\/en\/country\/mauritania\/overview\" title=\"7|\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0643_\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a|2023\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[7]<\/a><\/sup>\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0628\u062f\u0623\u062a \u062a\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0637\u0628 \u0627\u0647\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u064b\u0627. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0644\u0639\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0631\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0646\u062d\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0625\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u0648\u064a\u060c \u0648\u064a\u064f\u0639\u0632\u0632 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0643\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0643 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629. \u062a\u062a\u062c\u0647 \u0645\u0648\u0631\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u064a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0637\u064a\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0622\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629. \u0641\u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0628\u0631\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u062e\u064a \u0648\u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0634\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0641\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631 \u0648\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0629. \u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u062a\u0628\u0631\u0632 \u0622\u0641\u0627\u0642 \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0642\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0643\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0636\u062e\u0645\u0629<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.imf.org\/en\/Countries\/MRT\" title=\"8|\u0635\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0642_\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u062f_\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a|2024\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[8]<\/a><\/sup>\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u064f\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0646\u0642\u0644\u0629 \u0646\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f \u0628\u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0645 2026 \u0648\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f\u0647\u0627. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0633\u0639\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062c\u062f\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0634\u064a\u062f\u060c \u0648\u062e\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u062c\u0627\u0630\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0644\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0631\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0631\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0631\u0624\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0646\u0645\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u062a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0636\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0639 \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"geo-table-wrap\">\n<div class=\"geo-table-title\">\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629<\/div>\n<table class=\"geo-info-table\">\n<tbody>\n<tr class=\"geo-tg\">\n<td colspan=\"2\">\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a<\/th>\n<td class=\"geo-val\">\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0631\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"#ref1\" title=\"1|\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u0631\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627|1991\">[1]<\/a><\/sup><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/th>\n<td class=\"geo-val\">\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0631\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"#ref2\" title=\"2|\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u0631\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627|1991\">[2]<\/a><\/sup><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a<\/th>\n<td class=\"geo-val\">\u0646\u0634\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0631\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"#ref3\" title=\"3|\u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0631\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629|2017\">[3]<\/a><\/sup><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"geo-tg\">\n<td colspan=\"2\">\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b\u064a\u0627\u062a<\/th>\n<td class=\"geo-val\">20\u00b0 00\u2032 \u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0627\u064b\u060c 12\u00b0 00\u2032 \u063a\u0631\u0628\u0627\u064b<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"#ref4\" title=\"4|\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u062d\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0644\u0648\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0628\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629|2024\">[4]<\/a><\/sup><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 (\u0643\u0645\u00b2)<\/th>\n<td class=\"geo-val\">1,030,700 \u0643\u0645\u00b2<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"#ref5\" title=\"5|\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a|2023\">[5]<\/a><\/sup><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>\u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u0645\u0629 (\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639)<\/th>\n<td class=\"geo-val\">\u0643\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0644 (795 \u0645\u062a\u0631\u064b\u0627)<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"#ref6\" title=\"6|\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u062d\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0644\u0648\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0628\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629|2024\">[6]<\/a><\/sup><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>\u0623\u062e\u0641\u0636 \u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629 (\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639)<\/th>\n<td class=\"geo-val\">\u0633\u0628\u062e\u0629 \u062a\u0627\u0641\u064a (-5 \u0623\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0631)<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"#ref7\" title=\"7|\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u062d\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0644\u0648\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0628\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629|2024\">[7]<\/a><\/sup><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0645\u0629<\/th>\n<td class=\"geo-val\">\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0643\u0634\u0648\u0637<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"#ref8\" title=\"8|\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0628\u0645\u0648\u0631\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627|2023\">[8]<\/a><\/sup><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>\u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0629<\/th>\n<td class=\"geo-val\">\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0639\u062a\u0631\u0641 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u063a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629: \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0646\u0643\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0648\u0641<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"#ref9\" title=\"9|\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u0631\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627|1991\">[9]<\/a><\/sup><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>\u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646<\/th>\n<td class=\"geo-val\">\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0643\u0634\u0648\u0637\u060c \u0646\u0648\u0627\u0630\u064a\u0628\u0648\u060c \u0643\u064a\u0641\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0648\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"#ref10\" title=\"10|\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0628\u0645\u0648\u0631\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627|2023\">[10]<\/a><\/sup><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646 (2025)<\/th>\n<td class=\"geo-val\">5,300,000 \u0646\u0633\u0645\u0629<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"#ref11\" title=\"11|\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629|2024\">[11]<\/a><\/sup><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>\u062a\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631<\/th>\n<td class=\"geo-val\">3,537,368 \u0646\u0633\u0645\u0629 (2013)<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"#ref12\" title=\"12|\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0628\u0645\u0648\u0631\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627|2013\">[12]<\/a><\/sup><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0648\u0631 (2024)<\/th>\n<td class=\"geo-val\">2,600,000 \u0646\u0633\u0645\u0629 (\u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a)<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"#ref13\" title=\"13|\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629|2024\">[13]<\/a><\/sup><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0627\u062b (2024)<\/th>\n<td class=\"geo-val\">2,560,000 \u0646\u0633\u0645\u0629 (\u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a)<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"#ref14\" title=\"14|\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629|2024\">[14]<\/a><\/sup><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>\u0627\u0644\u0643\u062b\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 (\u0646\/\u0643\u0645\u00b2)<\/th>\n<td class=\"geo-val\">5.0 \u0646\u0633\u0645\u0629\/\u0643\u0645\u00b2 (\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631 2024)<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"#ref15\" title=\"15|\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629|2024\">[15]<\/a><\/sup><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0636\u0631<\/th>\n<td class=\"geo-val\">3,070,000 \u0646\u0633\u0645\u0629 (\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631 2024)<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"#ref16\" title=\"16|\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629|2024\">[16]<\/a><\/sup><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0641<\/th>\n<td class=\"geo-val\">2,090,000 \u0646\u0633\u0645\u0629 (\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631 2024)<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"#ref17\" title=\"17|\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629|2024\">[17]<\/a><\/sup><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639<\/th>\n<td class=\"geo-val\">64.2 \u0633\u0646\u0629 (2022)<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"#ref18\" title=\"18|\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a|2022\">[18]<\/a><\/sup><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0629<\/th>\n<td class=\"geo-val\">52.1% (2020)<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"#ref19\" title=\"19|\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646\u0633\u0643\u0648|2020\">[19]<\/a><\/sup><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"geo-tg\">\n<td colspan=\"2\">\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645<\/th>\n<td class=\"geo-val\">\u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0631\u0626\u0627\u0633\u064a<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"#ref20\" title=\"20|\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u0631\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627|1991\">[20]<\/a><\/sup><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \/ \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a (\u0645\u0639 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0644\u064a)<\/th>\n<td class=\"geo-val\">\u0641\u062e\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0648\u0644\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0632\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a (1 \u0623\u063a\u0633\u0637\u0633 2019)<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"#ref21\" title=\"21|\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a \u0644\u0631\u0626\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0631\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629|2019\">[21]<\/a><\/sup><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0621 \/ \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a (\u0645\u0639 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0644\u064a)<\/th>\n<td class=\"geo-val\">\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0648\u0644\u062f \u0628\u0644\u0627\u0644 (6 \u0623\u063a\u0633\u0637\u0633 2020)<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"#ref22\" title=\"22|\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0631\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629|2020\">[22]<\/a><\/sup><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629<\/th>\n<td class=\"geo-val\">\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629 (\u063a\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629)<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"#ref23\" title=\"23|\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u0631\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627|1991\">[23]<\/a><\/sup><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630\u064a\u0629<\/th>\n<td class=\"geo-val\">\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0621<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"#ref24\" title=\"24|\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u0631\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627|1991\">[24]<\/a><\/sup><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"geo-tg\">\n<td colspan=\"2\">\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0633\u064a\u0633 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0633\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644<\/th>\n<td class=\"geo-val\">28 \u0646\u0648\u0641\u0645\u0628\u0631 1960 (\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644)<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"#ref25\" title=\"25|\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0628\u0645\u0648\u0631\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627|1960\">[25]<\/a><\/sup><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 (\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e)<\/th>\n<td class=\"geo-val\">\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0628\u0631\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0629\u060c \u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637\u064a\u0646 (\u064211-12)\u060c \u062a\u0623\u0633\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a (\u064214-17)\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a (\u0623\u0648\u0627\u062e\u0631 \u064219 &#8211; 1960)\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644 (1960)<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"#ref26\" title=\"26|\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0645\u0648\u0631\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629|\u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\">[26]<\/a><\/sup><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a<\/th>\n<td class=\"geo-val\">28 \u0646\u0648\u0641\u0645\u0628\u0631 1960<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"#ref27\" title=\"27|\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629|1960\">[27]<\/a><\/sup><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a (\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0635\u062f\u0627\u0631)<\/th>\n<td class=\"geo-val\">20 \u064a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0648 1991 (\u0645\u0639 \u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0627\u062d\u0642\u0629 \u0623\u0628\u0631\u0632\u0647\u0627 2017)<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"#ref28\" title=\"28|\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0631\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629|1991\">[28]<\/a><\/sup><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"geo-tg\">\n<td colspan=\"2\">\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a (PPP)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>\u0633\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631<\/th>\n<td class=\"geo-val\">2023<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"#ref29\" title=\"29|\u0635\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a|2023\">[29]<\/a><\/sup><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a (\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0631)<\/th>\n<td class=\"geo-val\">31.83 \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0631<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"#ref30\" title=\"30|\u0635\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a|2023\">[30]<\/a><\/sup><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>\u0646\u0635\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f (\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0631)<\/th>\n<td class=\"geo-val\">5,942 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0631\u064b\u0627<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"#ref31\" title=\"31|\u0635\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a|2023\">[31]<\/a><\/sup><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"geo-tg\">\n<td colspan=\"2\">\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a (\u0627\u0633\u0645\u064a)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>\u0633\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631<\/th>\n<td class=\"geo-val\">2023<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"#ref32\" title=\"32|\u0635\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a|2023\">[32]<\/a><\/sup><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a (\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0631)<\/th>\n<td class=\"geo-val\">10.37 \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0631<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"#ref33\" title=\"33|\u0635\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a|2023\">[33]<\/a><\/sup><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>\u0646\u0635\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f (\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0631)<\/th>\n<td class=\"geo-val\">1,936 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0631\u064b\u0627<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"#ref34\" title=\"34|\u0635\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a|2023\">[34]<\/a><\/sup><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"geo-tg\">\n<td colspan=\"2\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a<\/th>\n<td class=\"geo-val\">5.3% (\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631 2023)<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"#ref35\" title=\"35|\u0635\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a|2023\">[35]<\/a><\/sup><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0636\u062e\u0645<\/th>\n<td class=\"geo-val\">8.9% (\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631 2023)<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"#ref36\" title=\"36|\u0635\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a|2023\">[36]<\/a><\/sup><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0629<\/th>\n<td class=\"geo-val\">11.2% (2022)<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"#ref37\" title=\"37|\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629|2022\">[37]<\/a><\/sup><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u062c\u064a\u0646\u064a<\/th>\n<td class=\"geo-val\">32.6 (2014)<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"#ref38\" title=\"38|\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a|2014\">[38]<\/a><\/sup><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>\u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629 (HDI) \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062a\u064a\u0628<\/th>\n<td class=\"geo-val\">0.556 (\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062a\u064a\u0628 158 \u0645\u0646 193) (\u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0631 2022\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a 2021)<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"#ref39\" title=\"39|\u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0626\u064a|2022\">[39]<\/a><\/sup><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u064a\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629<\/th>\n<td class=\"geo-val\">16% (\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a)<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"#ref40\" title=\"40|\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0631\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629|2023\">[40]<\/a><\/sup><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"geo-tg\">\n<td colspan=\"2\">\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0629<\/th>\n<td class=\"geo-val\">\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0631\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 (MRU)<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"#ref41\" title=\"41|\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0631\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a|2023\">[41]<\/a><\/sup><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a<\/th>\n<td class=\"geo-val\">\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0631\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"#ref42\" title=\"42|\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0631\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a|2023\">[42]<\/a><\/sup><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>\u0631\u0642\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u0627\u0631\u0626<\/th>\n<td class=\"geo-val\">\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0637\u0629: 17\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0637\u0641\u0627\u0621: 18\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0639\u0627\u0641: 19<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"#ref43\" title=\"43|\u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0631\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629|2023\">[43]<\/a><\/sup><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629 (UTC)<\/th>\n<td class=\"geo-val\">UTC+0<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"#ref44\" title=\"44|\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u062d\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0644\u0648\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0628\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629|2024\">[44]<\/a><\/sup><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642<\/th>\n<td class=\"geo-val\">\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0646<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"#ref45\" title=\"45|\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0631\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a|2023\">[45]<\/a><\/sup><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0631<\/th>\n<td class=\"geo-val\">\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0642\u0637\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0631\u0643\u0627\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642\u060c \u0648\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062d\u0646 \u062a\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u062f\u0648\u062c\u0629<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"#ref46\" title=\"46|\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u062c\u0645 (SNIM)|2023\">[46]<\/a><\/sup><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>\u0631\u0645\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a (TLD)<\/th>\n<td class=\"geo-val\">.mr<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"#ref47\" title=\"47|\u0647\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0629 (ICANN)|2023\">[47]<\/a><\/sup><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>\u0631\u0645\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u062a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a<\/th>\n<td class=\"geo-val\">+222<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"#ref48\" title=\"48|\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a (ITU)|2023\">[48]<\/a><\/sup><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>\u0631\u0645\u0632 ISO 3166-1<\/th>\n<td class=\"geo-val\">MR, MRT, 478<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"#ref49\" title=\"49|\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062d\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a (ISO)|2023\">[49]<\/a><\/sup><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629<\/th>\n<td class=\"geo-val\">www.presidence.mr<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"#ref50\" title=\"50|\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a \u0644\u0631\u0626\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0631\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629|2024\">[50]<\/a><\/sup><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"geo-map-wrap\">\n<div class=\"geo-table-title\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0629<\/div>\n<p><iframe src=\"https:\/\/www.openstreetmap.org\/export\/embed.html?bbox=-17.625,17.1875,-6.375,22.8125&amp;layer=mapnik&amp;marker=20,-12\" width=\"100%\" height=\"320\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" loading=\"lazy\" title=\"\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0629 \u0645\u0648\u0631\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627\"><\/iframe><\/div>\n<figure class=\"geo-img-locator\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/staticmap.openstreetmap.de\/staticmap.php?center=20,-12&amp;zoom=5&amp;size=600x300&amp;markers=20,-12,red\" alt=\"\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0629 \u0645\u0648\u0631\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627\" loading=\"lazy\" onerror=\"this.closest('figure').style.display='none'\"><figcaption>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0644\u0640\u0645\u0648\u0631\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<div class=\"geo-article\">\n<h2>\u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639<\/h2>\n<p>\u062a\u064f\u0639\u062f\u0651 \u0645\u0648\u0631\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627\u060c \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0633\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0636\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u0649 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0644\u0623\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0645\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0642 \u0637\u0631\u0642 \u062d\u0636\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0648\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0641\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0627\u064b \u064a\u0631\u0628\u0637 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628\u0647\u0627<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/place\/Mauritania\" title=\"1|\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u0627|2024\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[1]<\/a><\/sup>. \u062a\u0645\u062a\u062f \u0623\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0633\u0639\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u062a\u064f\u0642\u062f\u0631 \u0628\u0646\u062d\u0648 1,030,700 \u0643\u064a\u0644\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631 \u0645\u0631\u0628\u0639<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/mauritania\" title=\"2|\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u062d\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645|2024\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[2]<\/a><\/sup>\u060c \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u062d\u062f\u0649 \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0629\u060c \u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0623\u0646 \u062c\u0632\u0621\u0627\u064b \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u0639 \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062d\u0644<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nationalgeographic.com\/places\/countries\/mauritania\/\" title=\"3|\u0646\u0627\u0634\u064a\u0648\u0646\u0627\u0644 \u062c\u064a\u0648\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0643|2023\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[3]<\/a><\/sup>. \u064a\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u064a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0644\u0633\u064a \u0628\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0628\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0647\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0645\u062a\u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0648\u062d \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0627\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u062b\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0647\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0636\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0629<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.aljazeera.net\/encyclopedia\/2014\/11\/17\/%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A7-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D8%BA%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%A7-%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%AE\" title=\"4|\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0646\u062a|2014\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[4]<\/a><\/sup>. \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0636\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0627\u0645\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u0649\u060c \u0645\u0646\u062d\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u063a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0627\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0628\u0639\u0645\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0648\u0631<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.un.org\/press\/en\/2023\/ga12513.doc.htm\" title=\"5|\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629|2023\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[5]<\/a><\/sup>. <\/p>\n<h3>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n<figure class=\"geo-img-inline\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/b\/b3\/Mauritania_Topography.png\" alt=\"\u0645\u0648\u0631\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627\" loading=\"lazy\"><figcaption>\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0629 \u062a\u0636\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0648\u0631\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627 \u062a\u064f\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>\u062a\u062d\u062a\u0644 \u0645\u0648\u0631\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627 \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639\u0627\u064b \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0627\u064b \u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0621 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0648\u063a\u0631\u0628 \u0623\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0627<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/mauritania\" title=\"6|\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u062d\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645|2024\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[6]<\/a><\/sup>. \u064a\u062d\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0646\u062d\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0648\u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0627<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/place\/Mauritania\/Land\" title=\"7|\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u0627|2024\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[7]<\/a><\/sup>. \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0645\u062a\u062f \u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0628 1,561 \u0643\u064a\u0644\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648156 \u0643\u064a\u0644\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/mauritania\" title=\"8|\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u062d\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645|2024\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[8]<\/a><\/sup>\u060c \u062a\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0645\u0631\u0627\u064b \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0647\u062c\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642. \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642\u064a\u060c \u062a\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0645\u0648\u0631\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627 \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u060c \u062a\u0645\u062a\u062f \u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 2,237 \u0643\u064a\u0644\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631\u0627\u064b<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/mauritania\" title=\"9|\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u062d\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645|2024\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[9]<\/a><\/sup>. \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0633\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0639\u062f \u0625\u062d\u062f\u0649 \u0623\u0637\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0633\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f\u060c \u062a\u062c\u0639\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0634\u0631\u064a\u0643\u0627\u064b \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0644<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.aljazeera.net\/news\/2023\/12\/10\/%D8%AD%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%AF-%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A7-%D9%85%D8%B9-%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%8A-%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%82%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B1\" title=\"10|\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0646\u062a|2023\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[10]<\/a><\/sup>. \u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628\u060c \u0641\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u063a\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0646\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u063a\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0637\u0648\u0644 813 \u0643\u064a\u0644\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631\u0627\u064b<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/mauritania\" title=\"11|\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u062d\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645|2024\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[11]<\/a><\/sup>\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0633\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631. \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628\u060c \u062a\u0637\u0644 \u0645\u0648\u0631\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u064a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0644\u0633\u064a \u0628\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0644 \u064a\u0645\u062a\u062f \u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 754 \u0643\u064a\u0644\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631\u0627\u064b<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/place\/Mauritania\/Land\" title=\"12|\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u0627|2024\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[12]<\/a><\/sup>\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0646\u062d\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646\u0641\u0630\u0627\u064b \u0628\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0627\u064b \u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0648\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0633\u0645\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0641\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632\u0629 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0647\u0627<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.worldbank.org\/en\/country\/mauritania\/overview\" title=\"13|\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a|2024\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[13]<\/a><\/sup>. \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0644\u0633\u064a \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f \u0634\u0631\u064a\u0637 \u0628\u062d\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0647 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0636\u0645 \u0645\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0646\u0648\u0627\u0643\u0634\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0639\u062f \u0628\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/markets\/commodities\/mauritania-looks-boost-fishing-industry-2023-08-01\/\" title=\"14|\u0631\u0648\u064a\u062a\u0631\u0632|2023\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[14]<\/a><\/sup>. \u062a\u062a\u0648\u0632\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0648\u0631\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u062d\u0648 5,074 \u0643\u064a\u0644\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0625\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0627\u064b<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/mauritania\" title=\"15|\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u062d\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645|2024\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[15]<\/a><\/sup>\u060c \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0628\u0631\u0632 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u062c\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0633\u0639\u0629. \u062a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u0649\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u0639\u0632\u0632 \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0648\u0631\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627 \u0643\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0639\u0628\u0648\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0636\u0627\u0626\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nationalgeographic.com\/history\/article\/ancient-trade-routes-sahara\" title=\"16|\u0646\u0627\u0634\u064a\u0648\u0646\u0627\u0644 \u062c\u064a\u0648\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0643|2020\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[16]<\/a><\/sup>. \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0642\u0631\u0628 \u0645\u0648\u0631\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u064a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0644\u0633\u064a \u064a\u0644\u0637\u0641 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u062e \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u064a\u062e\u0644\u0642 \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u0633\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u062a\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0637\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0635\u0628 \u0646\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u063a\u0627\u0644<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/place\/Mauritania\/Climate\" title=\"17|\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u0627|2024\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[17]<\/a><\/sup>. \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0645\u0646\u062d \u0645\u0648\u0631\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627 \u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639\u0627\u064b \u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0627\u062e\u064a\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0633\u064a\u0637\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/arabic\/science-and-tech-59123456\" title=\"18|\u0628\u064a \u0628\u064a \u0633\u064a \u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a|2021\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[18]<\/a><\/sup>. \u064a\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0645\u0648\u0631\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627 \u0628\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u062c\u0633\u0631\u0627\u064b \u062d\u0636\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0647\u0645\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0632\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0645\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0621<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.aljazeera.net\/opinions\/2022\/10\/26\/%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A7-%D8%AC%D8%B3%D8%B1-%D8%A8%D9%8A%D9%86-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%B1%D8%A8-%D9%88%D8%A3%D9%81%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%82%D9%8A%D8%A7\" title=\"19|\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0646\u062a|2022\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[19]<\/a><\/sup>. \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0633\u0647\u0645\u062a \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0644 \u0647\u0648\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0643\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0637\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a-\u0623\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a \u0639\u0645\u064a\u0642\u060c \u0645\u062a\u0623\u062b\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/place\/Mauritania\/People\" title=\"20|\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u0627|2024\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[20]<\/a><\/sup>. <\/p>\n<h3>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0636\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0638\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n<figure class=\"geo-img-inline\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/1\/16\/Adrar_sands.JPG\" alt=\"\u0645\u0648\u0631\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627\" loading=\"lazy\"><figcaption>\u0643\u062b\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0631\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0622\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0645\u0648\u0631\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>\u062a\u062a\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0636\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0631\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u064a\u0645\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u063a\u0637\u064a \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0628 \u062b\u0644\u062b\u064a \u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/mauritania\" title=\"21|\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u062d\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645|2024\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[21]<\/a><\/sup>. \u064a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0648\u064a \u062c\u0632\u0621\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u0649\u060c \u0648\u064a\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u0628\u0643\u062b\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0631\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u062a\u064f\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0628\u0640&#8221;\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0648\u0642&#8221;\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0636\u0627\u0628 \u0635\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u062a\u064f\u062f\u0639\u0649 &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0648\u0642&#8221; \u0623\u0648 &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a&#8221;\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0647\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639\u0629<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/place\/Mauritania\/Land\" title=\"22|\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u0627|2024\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[22]<\/a><\/sup>. \u062a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0647\u0636\u0628\u0629 \u0622\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0628\u0631\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0648\u0631\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u062c\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0635\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u062e\u0644\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0648\u0627\u062d\u0627\u062a \u062e\u0635\u0628\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0634\u062a\u0647\u0631 \u0628\u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u062f\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0634\u0646\u0642\u064a\u0637 \u0648\u0648\u0627\u062f\u0627\u0646<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nationalgeographic.com\/travel\/article\/chinguetti-ancient-libraries-mauritania\" title=\"23|\u0646\u0627\u0634\u064a\u0648\u0646\u0627\u0644 \u062c\u064a\u0648\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0643|2019\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[23]<\/a><\/sup>. \u062a\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0636\u0627\u0628 \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642\u064a\u060c \u0644\u062a\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062d\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0632 \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0633\u0647\u0645\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.aljazeera.net\/encyclopedia\/2014\/11\/17\/%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A7-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D8%BA%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%A7-%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%AE\" title=\"24|\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0646\u062a|2014\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[24]<\/a><\/sup>. \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f\u060c \u062a\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0636\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0644\u062a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0633\u0647\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0634\u0628\u0647 \u0635\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0644\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u0628\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0646\u0628\u0627\u062a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0641\u0627\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0648\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0639\u064d \u0645\u0648\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0629<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/place\/Mauritania\/Climate\" title=\"25|\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u0627|2024\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[25]<\/a><\/sup>. \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0647\u0648\u0644 \u062a\u062a\u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0628\u0645\u0648\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u064a\u0631\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0639\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u0648\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0628\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.worldbank.org\/en\/country\/mauritania\/overview\" title=\"26|\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a|2024\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[26]<\/a><\/sup>. \u064a\u062e\u062a\u0631\u0642 \u0646\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u063a\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0648\u0631\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0644\u064a\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0634\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u064b \u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0629\u060c \u0648\u064a\u062e\u0644\u0642 \u0633\u0647\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a\u0636\u064a\u0627\u064b \u062e\u0635\u0628\u0627\u064b \u064a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0628\u0640&#8221;\u0648\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0646\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u063a\u0627\u0644&#8221;<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/place\/Mauritania\/Land\" title=\"27|\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u0627|2024\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[27]<\/a><\/sup>. \u062a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u062e\u0635\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0643\u062b\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u064f\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u064f\u0631\u0628\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0634\u064a\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u0628\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0631\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.fao.org\/country-profiles\/country-fact-sheets\/mauritania\/en\/\" title=\"28|\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u063a\u0630\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0629|2022\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[28]<\/a><\/sup>. \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0645\u062a\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0644\u0633\u064a\u060c \u062a\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0636\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u0645\u0646 \u0633\u0647\u0648\u0644 \u0631\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u0629 \u0648\u0633\u0628\u062e\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0643\u062b\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0631\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0633\u0627\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629\u060c \u062a\u0645\u062a\u062f \u0644\u0645\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0644\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/mauritania\" title=\"29|\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u062d\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645|2024\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[29]<\/a><\/sup>. \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0647\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u0628\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0644\u064a\u060c \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u062d\u0648\u0636 \u0622\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0645\u062d\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u062c\u0631\u0629<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/whc.unesco.org\/en\/list\/208\/\" title=\"30|\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646\u0633\u0643\u0648|2024\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[30]<\/a><\/sup>. \u062a\u0635\u0644 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0648\u0631\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0628\u0644 \u0643\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0644\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639 \u0644\u0646\u062d\u0648 915 \u0645\u062a\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0633\u0637\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/mauritania\" title=\"31|\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u062d\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645|2024\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[31]<\/a><\/sup>\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0642\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u062a\u064a\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0648\u0631 \u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f. \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u063a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0646\u060c \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u062c\u0639\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0646<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/markets\/commodities\/mauritania-iron-ore-production-2023-05-15\/\" title=\"32|\u0631\u0648\u064a\u062a\u0631\u0632|2023\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[32]<\/a><\/sup>. \u062a\u062a\u062e\u0644\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0638\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0648 &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0648\u0628&#8221;\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062c\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0629<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/place\/Mauritania\/Land\" title=\"33|\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u0627|2024\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[33]<\/a><\/sup>. \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u062f \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0631\u0639\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u0648\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0639\u064d \u0645\u0624\u0642\u062a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u062d\u0644\u0629. \u062a\u064f\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u0633\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0636\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u0627\u064b \u062c\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627\u064b \u063a\u0646\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0635\u062e\u0648\u0631 \u062a\u0639\u0648\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u0627 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0628\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u064a<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S001282521930043X\" title=\"34|\u0633\u0627\u064a\u0646\u0633 \u062f\u0627\u064a\u0631\u0643\u062a|2019\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[34]<\/a><\/sup>. \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a \u064a\u0641\u0633\u0631 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0631\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0645\u062a\u0639 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0648\u0631\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627. \u062a\u062a\u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0636\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062b\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0627\u064b \u064a\u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0632\u062d\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u062a\u0635\u062d\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0629<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.un.org\/sustainabledevelopment\/blog\/2019\/06\/desertification-mauritania\/\" title=\"35|\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0629|2019\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[35]<\/a><\/sup>. \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0630\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0641\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u062d\u0631 \u062a\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u062a\u0634\u062c\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u062d\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0632 \u0644\u0648\u0642\u0641 \u0632\u062d\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0645\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0644\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.worldbank.org\/en\/news\/feature\/2021\/06\/17\/the-great-green-wall-brings-hope-to-mauritania\" title=\"36|\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a|2021\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[36]<\/a><\/sup>. <\/p>\n<h3>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u062e \u0648\u0623\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0637\u0647<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n<figure class=\"geo-img-inline\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/a\/a7\/Oasis_de_Tergit_%2802%29.jpg\" alt=\"\u0645\u0648\u0631\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627\" loading=\"lazy\"><figcaption>\u0648\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u062a\u0631\u062c\u064a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0636\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0636\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0622\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0645\u0648\u0631\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>\u062a\u064f\u0635\u0646\u0641 \u0645\u0648\u0631\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627 \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0641 \u0648\u0634\u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0641\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u062a\u0633\u0645 \u0623\u063a\u0644\u0628 \u0623\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0646\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0637\u0627\u0631<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/mauritania\" title=\"37|\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u062d\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645|2024\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[37]<\/a><\/sup>. \u062a\u062a\u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u0649\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u062a\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0641\u0627\u0641\u060c \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/place\/Mauritania\/Climate\" title=\"38|\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u0627|2024\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[38]<\/a><\/sup>. \u062a\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u062a \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0648\u0644\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0641 45 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0623\u0637\u0627\u0631<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/arabic\/world-africa-59123456\" title=\"39|\u0628\u064a \u0628\u064a \u0633\u064a \u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a|2022\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[39]<\/a><\/sup>. \u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062a\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0641\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0639\u062a\u062f\u0644\u0629 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u064a\u0627\u064b \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a 10 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u064a\u0644\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062e\u0644\u0642 \u062a\u0628\u0627\u064a\u0646\u0627\u064b \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0638\u0627\u064b<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.aljazeera.net\/encyclopedia\/2014\/11\/17\/%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A7-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D8%BA%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%A7-%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%AE\" title=\"40|\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0646\u062a|2014\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[40]<\/a><\/sup>. \u062a\u062a\u0644\u0642\u0649 \u0645\u0648\u0631\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627 \u0643\u0645\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0636\u0626\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0637\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0648\u064a\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0648\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0648\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u0646 50 \u0645\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0645\u062a\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0648\u064a \u0648\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 400 \u0645\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0645\u062a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0642\u0635\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u063a\u0627\u0644<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.worldbank.org\/en\/country\/mauritania\/overview\" title=\"41|\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a|2024\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[41]<\/a><\/sup>. \u062a\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0642\u0637 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u062a\u0638\u0645 \u0648\u0645\u0648\u0633\u0645\u064a\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u0634\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0641 (\u064a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0648 \u0648\u0623\u063a\u0633\u0637\u0633 \u0648\u0633\u0628\u062a\u0645\u0628\u0631)\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0628\u0640&#8221;\u0645\u0648\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u064a\u0631&#8221;<sup class=\"ref<\/p>\n<h2>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f<\/h2>\n<p>\u062a\u064f\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0648\u0631\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0628\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0644\u0633\u064a \u0648\u062b\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0637\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0641\u0633\u064a\u0641\u0633\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0648\u062d \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u062c\u0630\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0648\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0645\u0632\u062f\u0647\u0631<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.worldbank.org\/en\/country\/mauritania\/overview\" title=\"2|World Bank|2024\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[1]<\/a><\/sup>. \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u063a\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0643\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0631\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0643\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0648\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0646\u0628\u064a\u0629<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.imf.org\/en\/Countries\/MRT\" title=\"3|IMF|2024\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[2]<\/a><\/sup>. \u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0632\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0631\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a \u064a\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062c\u0645\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0639\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u0631\u0635 \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0634\u0628\u0627\u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0645\u064a<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/mauritania\/\" title=\"4|CIA World Factbook|2024\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[3]<\/a><\/sup>. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0628\u062f\u0623\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u062a\u0628\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0637\u0645\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u062a\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062c\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u062d\u0629\u060c \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0644\u062c\u0630\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0646\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/markets\/mauritania-economy-outlook-2023-08-01\/\" title=\"5|Reuters|2023\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[4]<\/a><\/sup>. \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0648\u062f \u062a\u064f\u0631\u0633\u0651\u062e \u0631\u0624\u064a\u0629 \u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0648\u0631\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648\u0633\u0639 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0645 2026 \u0648\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f\u0647\u0627<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.un.org\/sustainabledevelopment\/countries\/mauritania\/\" title=\"6|UN|2024\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[5]<\/a><\/sup>. <\/p>\n<h3>\u0635\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0643 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0631\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n<figure class=\"geo-img-inline\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/f\/fc\/Fort_of_Arguin_1721.jpg\" alt=\"\u0645\u0648\u0631\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627\" loading=\"lazy\"><figcaption>\u062d\u0635\u0646 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0646\u060c \u064a\u0637\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0648\u0627\u062d\u0644 \u0645\u0648\u0631\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0631\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0643\u064a\u0629.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>\u062a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0631\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0648\u0631\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627 \u0643\u0646\u0632\u0627\u064b \u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u064f\u0642\u062f\u0651\u0631 \u0628\u062b\u0645\u0646\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0642\u0639 \u0633\u0648\u0627\u062d\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u063a\u0646\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a \u0648\u0648\u0641\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0632\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0643\u064a<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/place\/Mauritania\/Economy\" title=\"7|Britannica|2024\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[6]<\/a><\/sup>. \u064a\u0645\u062a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0631\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 750 \u0643\u064a\u0644\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0648\u062a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0643\u0627\u062b\u0631 \u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0643 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u062e\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0642\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0635\u064a\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0643 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0623\u0646\u062d\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nationalgeographic.com\/environment\/article\/mauritania-fishing-conservation\" title=\"8|National Geographic|2020\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[7]<\/a><\/sup>. \u064a\u064f\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645 \u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u062f \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0648\u064a\u064f\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0631\u0647 \u0644\u0622\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0641\u0631\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u064a\u0646<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.worldbank.org\/en\/country\/mauritania\/overview\" title=\"9|World Bank|2024\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[8]<\/a><\/sup>. \u0648\u062a\u064f\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u064a\u064f\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645 \u0628\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 10% \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0648\u064a\u064f\u062f\u0631 \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a 50% \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644\u0647 \u0639\u0635\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0631\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.imf.org\/en\/Countries\/MRT\" title=\"10|IMF|2024\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[9]<\/a><\/sup>. \u062a\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0648\u0631\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627 \u0644\u062a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0623\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d \u0643\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0642\u0645\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0632\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0648\u0627\u0637\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062e\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0637\u0628\u0648\u0637 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0638\u0649 \u0628\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.fao.org\/fishery\/facp\/MRT\/en\" title=\"11|FAO|2022\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[10]<\/a><\/sup>. \u0648\u062a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0645\u0635\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0637\u0628\u0648\u0637 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0648\u0635 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u0626\u062f\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u064f\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645 \u0628\u0646\u0635\u064a\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0641\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0625\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0643\u064a\u0629<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/arabic\/world-44445555\" title=\"12|BBC Arabic|2018\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[11]<\/a><\/sup>. \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u062a\u0647\u060c \u064a\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647 \u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u062f \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0628\u0631\u0632\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0646\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062f\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0632\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0643\u064a \u0644\u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639\u060c \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0636\u0639\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0635\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0643\u064a\u0629<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.aljazeera.net\/ebusiness\/2021\/7\/15\/%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A7-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AB%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%85%D9%83%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D9%83%D9%86%D8%B2-%D9%88%D8%B7%D9%86%D9%8A-%D9%8A%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%AC%D9%87\" title=\"13|Al Jazeera|2021\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[12]<\/a><\/sup>. \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0631\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062c\u0627\u0647\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0641\u062d\u0629 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0635\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u064a\u0646<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.un.org\/sustainabledevelopment\/countries\/mauritania\/\" title=\"14|UN|2024\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[13]<\/a><\/sup>. \u062a\u064f\u0633\u0639\u0649 \u0645\u0648\u0631\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u0633\u0637\u0648\u0644 \u0635\u064a\u062f \u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b \u0648\u0645\u062c\u0647\u0632 \u0628\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0634\u062c\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0643\u064a \u0644\u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u062f\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0635\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0645<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.worldbank.org\/en\/country\/mauritania\/overview\" title=\"15|World Bank|2024\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[14]<\/a><\/sup>. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628\u0647\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u062c\u064a\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0645\u0629<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/mauritania\/\" title=\"16|CIA World Factbook|2024\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[15]<\/a><\/sup>. \u0648\u062a\u064f\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0646\u0648\u0627\u0630\u064a\u0628\u0648\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u0629 \u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f\u060c \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u0627\u064b \u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u062f\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0636\u0645 \u0645\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0621\u064b \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0648\u0645\u0635\u0627\u0646\u0639 \u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0643 \u0648\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0632 \u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0646<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/place\/Nouadhibou\" title=\"17|Britannica|2024\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[16]<\/a><\/sup>. \u0648\u062a\u064f\u0633\u0647\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0643\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0628\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0648\u0631\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/markets\/mauritania-economy-outlook-2023-08-01\/\" title=\"18|Reuters|2023\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[17]<\/a><\/sup>. \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0629\u060c \u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0648\u0631\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0645\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u062d\u0648\u0636 \u0623\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0645\u0648\u0637\u0646\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0636<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/whc.unesco.org\/en\/list\/150\/\" title=\"19|UNESCO|2024\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[18]<\/a><\/sup>. \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0645\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0632 \u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u062a\u064f\u0633\u0647\u0645 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u064f\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u062f\u062e\u0644<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nationalgeographic.com\/environment\/article\/mauritania-fishing-conservation\" title=\"20|National Geographic|2020\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[19]<\/a><\/sup>. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0633\u0639\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645\u064a \u0644\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u062f \u0644\u062c\u0639\u0644\u0647 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0641\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u062f \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645 \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0644\u063a \u0639\u0646\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u064f\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062a\u0647\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0627\u064b \u062e\u0637\u064a\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0632\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0643\u064a<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.fao.org\/fishery\/facp\/MRT\/en\" title=\"21|FAO|2022\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[20]<\/a><\/sup>. \u0648\u062a\u064f\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0648\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0641\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0648\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u062f\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.un.org\/sustainabledevelopment\/countries\/mauritania\/\" title=\"22|UN|2024\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[21]<\/a><\/sup>. \u0648\u064a\u064f\u0639\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0632\u0645 \u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0628\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.worldbank.org\/en\/country\/mauritania\/overview\" title=\"23|World Bank|2024\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[22]<\/a><\/sup>. \u0648\u062a\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0648\u0631\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0623\u0642\u0635\u0649 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062b\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u062c\u064a\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0645\u0629<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.imf.org\/en\/Countries\/MRT\" title=\"24|IMF|2024\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[23]<\/a><\/sup>. \u062a\u064f\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u0637\u0644\u0642\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629\u060c \u062e\u0627\u0631\u0637\u0629 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0645\u0648\u062d\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0643\u064a\u0629<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.aljazeera.net\/ebusiness\/2021\/7\/15\/%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A7-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AB%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%85%D9%83%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D9%83%D9%86%D8%B2-%D9%88%D8%B7%D9%86%D9%8A-%D9%8A%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%AC%D9%87\" title=\"25|Al Jazeera|2021\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[24]<\/a><\/sup>. \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u064f\u0639\u0632\u0632 \u0645\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0643\u0642\u0627\u0637\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0648\u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/mauritania\/\" title=\"26|CIA World Factbook|2024\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[25]<\/a><\/sup>. <\/p>\n<h3>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n<figure class=\"geo-img-inline\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/b\/b3\/Mauritania_Topography.png\" alt=\"\u0645\u0648\u0631\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627\" loading=\"lazy\"><figcaption>\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0629 \u062a\u0636\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u0645\u0648\u0631\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627\u060c \u062a\u064f\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u064f\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062b\u0631\u0648\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0646\u0629.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>\u062a\u0632\u062e\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0637\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0631\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0643\u0645\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0647\u0627\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0631\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0623\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0627\u064b \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/place\/Mauritania\/Economy\" title=\"27|Britannica|2024\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[26]<\/a><\/sup>. \u0648\u064a\u0623\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0646\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0645\u0648\u0631\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c\u064a\u0647 \u0648\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0648\u062a\u064f\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645 \u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0646\u0635\u064a\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0641\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.worldbank.org\/en\/country\/mauritania\/overview\" title=\"28|World Bank|2024\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[27]<\/a><\/sup>. \u062a\u064f\u0634\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u062c\u0645 (SNIM) \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0631\u0627\u062c \u0648\u062a\u0635\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u062e\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0645\u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0636\u062e\u0645\u0629 \u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0644\u0639\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0642\u0627\u062f\u0645\u0629<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.snim.com\/en\/about-snim\/our-history\/\" title=\"29|SNIM|2024\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[28]<\/a><\/sup>. \u0648\u062a\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0648\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u064f\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u062e\u0637 \u0633\u0643\u0629 \u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u064a\u0645\u062a\u062f \u0644\u0645\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0644\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0646\u0648\u0627\u0630\u064a\u0628\u0648 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0635\u062f\u064a\u0631<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/mauritania\/\" title=\"30|CIA World Factbook|2024\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[29]<\/a><\/sup>. \u0648\u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f\u060c \u062a\u0645\u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0645\u0648\u0631\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0627\u0633\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u063a\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0648\u062a\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0639\u0629\u060c \u062e\u0635\u0648\u0635\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u062c\u0648\u062c\u062a\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u064f\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0639 \u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0646\u064a<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.imf.org\/en\/Countries\/MRT\" title=\"31|IMF|2024\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[30]<\/a><\/sup>. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0634\u0647\u062f\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0623\u062c\u0646\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u064f\u0639\u0632\u0632 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0631\u0627\u062c \u0648\u062a\u0635\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0627\u0633 \u0628\u0643\u0645\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/markets\/mauritania-economy-outlook-2023-08-01\/\" title=\"32|Reuters|2023\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[31]<\/a><\/sup>. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0645\u0648\u0631\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627 \u0645\u0648\u0637\u0646\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0643\u0645\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0647\u0628\u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0634\u0647\u062f\u062a \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0646\u0642\u064a\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u062c\u0630\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0643\u0634\u0627\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0631\u0627\u062c \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0645\u064a\u0646<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nationalgeographic.com\/environment\/article\/mauritania-mining-gold\" title=\"33|National Geographic|2021\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[32]<\/a><\/sup>. \u0648\u064a\u064f\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0647\u0628 \u0641\u0631\u0635\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.worldbank.org\/en\/country\/mauritania\/overview\" title=\"34|World Bank|2024\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[33]<\/a><\/sup>. \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629\u060c \u062a\u064f\u0628\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0643\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a \u0642\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0627\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0631\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 &#8220;\u062a\u0648\u0631\u062a\u0648 \u0623\u062d\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631&#8221; \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0632 \u0641\u064a \u063a\u0631\u0628 \u0623\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0627<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/arabic\/world-63333333\" title=\"35|BBC Arabic|2022\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[34]<\/a><\/sup>. \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0628\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u0633\u064a\u064f\u062d\u062f\u062b \u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0631\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bp.com\/en\/global\/corporate\/news-and-insights\/press-releases\/greater-tortue-ahmeyim-project-reaches-major-milestone.html\" title=\"36|BP|2023\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[35]<\/a><\/sup>. \u062a\u064f\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0643\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u0631\u0635\u0629 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0648\u0631\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627 \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0644\u062a\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0644\u062a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0627\u0639\u0628\u0627\u064b \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u0633\u064a\u064f\u0639\u0632\u0632 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0630\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0646\u0628\u064a\u0629<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.aljazeera.net\/ebusiness\/2023\/1\/22\/%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A7-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%BA%D8%A7%D8%B2-%D9%85%D8%B<\/p>\n<p>\u062a\u064e\u062a\u064e\u062c\u064e\u0644\u0651\u064e\u0649 \u0645\u0648\u0631\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627\u060c \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u064f\u0639\u0627\u0646\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0621\u064e \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u064a\u0637\u064e \u0645\u0639\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0643\u0648\u062c\u0647\u0629\u064d \u0633\u064a\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629\u064d \u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629\u064d \u062a\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0626 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0643\u0646\u0648\u0632\u064c \u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629\u064c \u0648\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629\u064c \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u064f\u0642\u062f\u0651\u064e\u0631 \u0628\u062b\u0645\u0646\u060c \u0641\u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u064a\u0644\u062a\u0642\u064a \u0639\u064e\u0628\u064e\u0642\u064f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0628\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0650\u0643\u0631\u060c \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0651\u0645\u0629\u064b \u062a\u062c\u0631\u0628\u0629\u064b \u0641\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0629\u064b \u0644\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u0650 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0627\u0644\u0629\u0650 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0627\u0645\u0631\u0629<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637_\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a\" title=\"1|nationalgeographic.com|2023\">[1]<\/a><\/sup>. \u0644\u0642\u062f \u0628\u062f\u0623\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629\u064f \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u064f\u0639\u0632\u0632 \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u0646\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u064f\u0631\u0648\u0651\u0650\u062c \u0644\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0647\u062f\u0641\u0629\u064b \u062c\u0630\u0628\u064e \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u064a\u062f\u0650 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u062d\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0646<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637_\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a\" title=\"2|worldbank.org|2024\">[2]<\/a><\/sup>. \u0641\u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062f\u0646\u0650\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062b\u0631\u064a\u0629\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064f\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629\u0650 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646\u0633\u0643\u0648 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0634\u0648\u0627\u0637\u0626\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u062a\u062f\u0629\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0636\u0646\u064f \u0645\u062d\u0645\u064a\u0627\u062a\u064d \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629\u064b \u0641\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0629\u064b\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u0627\u062a\u0650\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0636\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0643\u0633\u0631\u064f \u0631\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0629\u064e \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0647\u0628\u064a\u0629\u0650 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\u0631\u0624\u064a\u0629\u064f \u0645\u0648\u0631\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627 \u0644\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639\u064d \u0633\u064a\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0651\u064d \u0645\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0645\u064d \u0648\u0645\u0632\u062f\u0647\u0631\u064d\u060c \u064a\u0633\u0647\u0645\u064f \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0639\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0650 \u0648\u062e\u0644\u0642\u0650 \u0641\u0631\u0635\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0650 \u0644\u0634\u0639\u0628\u0650\u0647\u0627\u060c \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629\u0650 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0636\u0646\u064f \u0645\u0639\u0638\u0645\u064e \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0630\u0627\u0628\u0629<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637_\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a\" title=\"4|un.org|2024\">[4]<\/a><\/sup>. <\/p>\n<h3>\u0645\u062f\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646\u0633\u0643\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0629: \u0634\u0646\u0642\u064a\u0637 \u0648\u0648\u0627\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u062a\u064a\u0634\u064a\u062a \u0648\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0647<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n<figure class=\"geo-img-inline\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/1\/1d\/Chinguetti-Guide.JPG\" alt=\"\u0645\u0648\u0631\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627\" loading=\"lazy\"><figcaption>\u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u062d\u064a \u064a\u0634\u0631\u062d \u0645\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u062d\u0645\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0634\u0646\u0642\u064a\u0637\u060c \u0645\u0648\u0631\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>\u062a\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0639\u064f \u0645\u062f\u0646\u064c \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0629\u064c \u0639\u062a\u064a\u0642\u0629\u064c \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0645\u0642\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0631\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0634\u0627\u0647\u062f\u0629\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0635\u0648\u0631\u064d \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062f\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0636\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0635\u064f\u0646\u0651\u0650\u0641\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639: \u0634\u0646\u0642\u064a\u0637\u060c \u0648\u0627\u062f\u0627\u0646\u060c \u062a\u064a\u0634\u064a\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062b\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0644\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646\u0633\u0643\u0648\u060c 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\u0648\u0623\u0632\u0642\u062a\u0650\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u064a\u0642\u0629\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0631\u062c\u0629\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u064f\u062d\u0627\u0643\u064a \u0646\u0633\u064a\u062c\u064e \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0629\u0650 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062d\u0629\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637_\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a\" title=\"7|britannica.com|2025\">[7]<\/a><\/sup>. \u0648\u062a\u0634\u062a\u0647\u0631\u064f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629\u064f \u0628\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062a\u0650\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062a\u064a\u0642\u0629\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0636\u0645\u0651\u064f \u0622\u0644\u0627\u0641\u064e \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0637\u0627\u062a\u0650 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href=\"\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637_\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a\" title=\"8|aljazeera.net|2024\">[8]<\/a><\/sup>. \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0642\u0644\u0651\u064f \u0648\u0627\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629\u064b \u0639\u0646 \u0634\u0646\u0642\u064a\u0637\u060c \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0645\u062d\u0637\u0629\u064b \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0637\u0631\u0642\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0644\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0632\u062f\u0647\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0648\u0631\u0650 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u062d\u0650\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0633\u0647\u0645\u064e \u0641\u064a \u062b\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0636\u0627\u0631\u064a<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637_\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a\" title=\"9|cia.gov|2025\">[9]<\/a><\/sup>. \u0648\u062a\u064f\u0634\u0631\u0641\u064f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629\u064f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u0627\u062f\u064d \u0639\u0645\u064a\u0642\u064d\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0646\u062d\u064f\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639\u064b\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u062f\u0641\u0627\u0639\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u064a\u0636\u0641\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0631\u0650\u0647\u0627 \u0637\u0627\u0628\u0639\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0647\u064a\u0628\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0648\u062a\u064f\u0639\u0631\u0641\u064f \u0628\u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631\u0650\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0634\u0647\u062f\u064f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0642\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644\u064e \u0642\u0644\u0639\u062a\u0650\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0629\u0650 \u0648\u0645\u0633\u062c\u062f\u0650\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062b\u0631\u064a<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637_\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a\" title=\"10|bbc.com\/arabic|2023\">[10]<\/a><\/sup>. \u0623\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u064a\u0634\u064a\u062a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u0629\u064f \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0644\u0628\u0650 \u0647\u0636\u0628\u0629\u0650 \u062a\u0627\u0648\u062f\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0641\u062a\u064f\u0639\u062f\u0651\u064f \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u062d\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062d\u0627\u062a\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0637\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0650\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u064a\u0644\u0650\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0634\u062a\u0647\u0631\u064f \u0628\u0646\u062e\u064a\u0644\u0650\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0633\u0642\u0650 \u0648\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0629\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0646\u0627\u063a\u0645\u064f \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637_\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a\" title=\"11|worldbank.org|2024\">[11]<\/a><\/sup>. \u0648\u062a\u064f\u0639\u0631\u0641\u064f \u062a\u064a\u0634\u064a\u062a \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u062d\u0650 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u062c\u0645\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0629\u0650 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629\u0650\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0633\u0644\u0639\u0629\u064b \u062b\u0645\u064a\u0646\u0629\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0629\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629\u0650 \u0644\u0642\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064d \u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u062c\u0639\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064b\u0627 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0647\u0627\u0645\u064b\u0627<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637_\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a\" title=\"12|nationalgeographic.com|2023\">[12]<\/a><\/sup>. \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0642\u0635\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0631\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u060c \u062a\u0642\u0639\u064f \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629\u064f \u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0647\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u064f\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631\u064f \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u0650 \u0641\u064a \u063a\u0631\u0628\u0650 \u0625\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0628\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0628\u0629\u0650 \u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0621\u064d \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0636\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629\u0650 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629\u0650\u060c \u0648\u0645\u062d\u0637\u0629\u064b \u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0629\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u0650 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0629<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637_\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a\" title=\"13|britannica.com|2025\">[13]<\/a><\/sup>. \u062a\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632\u064f \u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0632\u0644\u0650\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u062e\u0631\u0641\u0629\u0650 \u0628\u0632\u062e\u0627\u0631\u0641\u064e \u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a\u0629\u064d \u0628\u062f\u064a\u0639\u0629\u064d\u060c \u062a\u0639\u0643\u0633\u064f \u062a\u0623\u062b\u0631\u064e\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646\u0650 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0629\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u064f\u0639\u062f\u0651\u064f \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u062e\u0627\u0631\u0641\u064f \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629\u064b \u0645\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0629\u064b \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629\u0650 \u0648\u062a\u064f\u0639\u0637\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0637\u0627\u0628\u0639\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u0631\u064a\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0629\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637_\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a\" title=\"14|aljazeera.net|2024\">[14]<\/a><\/sup>. \u0648\u0631\u063a\u0645\u064e \u0642\u0633\u0648\u0629\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629\u0650\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646\u0651\u064e \u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064e \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u0650 \u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638\u0648\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644\u064a\u062f\u0650\u0647\u0645 \u0648\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a\u0650\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u064a\u0644\u0629\u0650\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644\u064f \u0632\u064a\u0627\u0631\u062a\u064e\u0647\u0627 \u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629\u064b \u0639\u0628\u0631\u064e \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0646\u0650 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u0644\u0628\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0631\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637_\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a\" title=\"15|un.org|2024\">[15]<\/a><\/sup>. \u062a\u064f\u0645\u062b\u0644\u064f \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639\u064f \u0643\u0646\u0648\u0632\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629\u064b \u0648\u0631\u0648\u062d\u064a\u0629\u064b\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0631\u0648\u064a \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064e \u0645\u0648\u0631\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u062a\u064f\u0633\u0647\u0645\u064f \u0641\u064a \u0641\u0647\u0645\u0650 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0636\u0627\u0631\u0629\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629\u0650 \u0641\u064a \u063a\u0631\u0628\u0650 \u0625\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0650\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u064a\u0642\u0629<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637_\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a\" title=\"16|unesco.org|2022\">[16]<\/a><\/sup>. \u0625\u0646\u0651\u064e \u062c\u0647\u0648\u062f\u064e \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638\u0650 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0629\u0650 \u062a\u064f\u0639\u062f\u0651\u064f \u0623\u0645\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a\u064e \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629\u0650 \u0644\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0650 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0650\u0647\u0627 \u0643\u0634\u0648\u0627\u0647\u062f\u064e \u062d\u064a\u0629\u064d \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0631\u062b\u064d \u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0651\u064d \u063a\u0646\u064a\u0651\u064d\u060c \u064a\u064f\u0645\u0643\u0646\u064f \u0644\u0644\u0623\u062c\u064a\u0627\u0644\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0645\u0629\u0650 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u0644\u0647\u0645\u064e \u0645\u0646\u0647<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637_\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a\" title=\"17|worldbank.org|2024\">[17]<\/a><\/sup>. \u0648\u0645\u0639 \u062a\u0632\u0627\u064a\u062f\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0650 \u0628\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u062d\u0629\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629\u0650\u060c \u062a\u064f\u0628\u0630\u0644\u064f \u062c\u0647\u0648\u062f\u064c \u0644\u062a\u0631\u0645\u064a\u0645\u0650 \u0628\u0639\u0636\u0650 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u0650 \u0648\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0629\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0632\u0645\u0629\u0650 \u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0648\u0627\u0631\u0650\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0627\u0629\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638\u0650 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0650\u0647\u0627<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637_\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a\" title=\"18|bbc.com\/arabic|2023\">[18]<\/a><\/sup>. <\/p>\n<h3>\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629: \u062d\u0648\u0636 \u0622\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0645\u0646\u062a\u0632\u0647 \u062d\u0648\u0636 \u0622\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n<figure class=\"geo-img-inline\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/f\/fc\/Fort_of_Arguin_1721.jpg\" alt=\"\u0645\u0648\u0631\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627\" loading=\"lazy\"><figcaption>\u062d\u0635\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0622\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0645\u0648\u0631\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0639\u0627\u0645 1721.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>\u062a\u064f\u062e\u0628\u0626\u064f \u0645\u0648\u0631\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0631\u062d\u0627\u0628\u0650\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0627\u062a\u064d \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629\u064b \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0628\u0629\u064b \u062a\u064f\u0628\u0647\u0631\u064f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u064e \u0648\u062a\u064f\u0633\u0643\u0646\u064f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u062d\u064e\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062d\u0648\u0636\u064f \u0622\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0633\u0639\u064f \u0648\u0645\u0646\u062a\u0632\u0647\u064f \u062d\u0648\u0636\u0650 \u0622\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0651\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0630\u0627\u0646 \u064a\u064f\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0628\u0631\u0632\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0632\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629\u0650 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637_\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a\" title=\"19|nationalgeographic.com|2023\">[19]<\/a><\/sup>. \u064a\u064f\u0639\u0631\u0641\u064f \u062d\u0648\u0636\u064f \u0622\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u062a\u0636\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0633\u0650\u0647\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639\u0629\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062c\u0645\u0639\u064f \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062b\u0628\u0627\u0646\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0647\u0628\u064a\u0629\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0647\u0642\u0629\u0650 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0629\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u064a\u0628\u0629\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0646\u062d\u062a\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0629\u0650 \u0639\u0628\u0631\u064e \u0622\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u064a\u0646<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637_\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a\" title=\"20|britannica.com|2025\">[20]<\/a><\/sup>. \u062a\u064f\u0639\u062f\u0651\u064f \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629\u064f \u0622\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0650 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062d\u0627\u062a\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0636\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u064f\u0634\u0643\u0644\u064f \u0646\u0642\u0627\u0637\u064e \u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629\u064d \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0644\u0628\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062d\u0644\u0629\u0650\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644\u064e \u0648\u0627\u062d\u0629\u0650 \u062a\u0631\u062c\u064a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0647\u064a\u0631\u0629\u0650 \u0628\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0650\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u062f\u0626\u0650 \u0648\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0650\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0630\u0628\u0629\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u064f\u0631\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0637\u0634\u0649 \u0648\u062a\u064f\u0646\u0639\u0634\u064f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0648\u0627\u062d<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637_\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a\" title=\"21|aljazeera.net|2024\">[21]<\/a><\/sup>. \u0648\u062a\u064f\u0642\u062f\u0645\u064f \u0622\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0632\u0648\u0627\u0631\u0650 \u0641\u0631\u0635\u0629\u064b \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u064f\u0636\u0627\u0647\u0649 \u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0643\u0634\u0627\u0641\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u0648\u064a\u0629\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u064a\u0644\u0629\u0650\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b\u064f \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u064f\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064f \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629\u0650 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0641\u064f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a\u0650\u0647\u0645 \u0648\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644\u064a\u062f\u0650\u0647\u0645\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062c\u0631\u0628\u0629\u064f \u0631\u0643\u0648\u0628\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0650 \u0639\u0628\u0631\u064e \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062b\u0628\u0627\u0646\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0633\u0639\u0629<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637_\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a\" title=\"22|bbc.com\/arabic|2023\">[22]<\/a><\/sup>. \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0644\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0644\u0633\u064a\u060c \u064a\u0645\u062a\u062f\u0651\u064f \u0645\u0646\u062a\u0632\u0647\u064f \u062d\u0648\u0636\u0650 \u0622\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0651\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639\u064c \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0651\u064c \u0641\u0631\u064a\u062f\u064c \u0645\u064f\u062f\u0631\u062c\u064c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062b\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0644\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646\u0633\u0643\u0648\u060c \u0648\u064a\u064f\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631\u064f \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u0651\u0650 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642\u0650 \u062a\u0639\u0634\u064a\u0634\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0648\u0631\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u062c\u0631\u0629\u0650 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637_\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a\" title=\"23|unesco.org|2022\">[23]<\/a><\/sup>. \u064a\u064f\u0634\u0643\u0644\u064f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u0632\u0647\u064f \u0645\u0632\u064a\u062c\u064b\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062b\u0628\u0627\u0646\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629\u0650\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0646\u0642\u0639\u0627\u062a\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629\u0650\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0631\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0629\u0650\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0648\u0641\u0631\u064f \u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629\u064b \u063a\u0646\u064a\u0629\u064b \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a \u0648\u0645\u0648\u0626\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0646\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0648\u0631\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0645\u0629\u0650 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0627 \u0648\u0622\u0633\u064a\u0627<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637_\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a\" title=\"24|nationalgeographic.com|2023\">[24]<\/a><\/sup>. \u062a\u062a\u062c\u0645\u0639\u064f \u0641\u064a \u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647\u0650 \u062d\u0648\u0636\u0650 \u0622\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u062d\u0644\u0629\u0650 \u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639\u064c \u0648\u0641\u064a\u0631\u0629\u064c \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0643\u0650 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a\u0650\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u064f\u0648\u0641\u0631\u064f \u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631\u064e \u063a\u0630\u0627\u0621\u064d \u063a\u0646\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0648\u0631\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u062c\u0631\u0629\u0650 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629\u0650\u060c \u0648\u064a\u064f\u0633\u0647\u0645\u064f \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638\u0650 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0650 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637_\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a\" title=\"25|cia.gov|2025\">[25]<\/a><\/sup>. \u064a\u064f\u0645\u0643\u0646\u064f \u0644\u0644\u0632\u0648\u0627\u0631\u0650 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0648\u0636\u0650 \u0622\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0639\u064f \u0628\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0647\u062f\u0629\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0650 \u0645\u0646 \u0637\u064a\u0648\u0631\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0646\u063a\u0648 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u062c\u0639\u0650 \u0648\u0637\u064a\u0648\u0631\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u0634\u0646\u0629\u0650 \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064d \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0651\u064d \u064a\u0623\u0633\u0631\u064f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0628\u064e \u0648\u064a\u064f\u062c\u0633\u062f\u064f \u0631\u0648\u0639\u0629\u064e \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0629\u0650<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637_\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a\" title=\"26|britannica.com|2025\">[26]<\/a><\/sup>. \u062a\u064f\u0628\u0630\u0644\u064f \u062c\u0647\u0648\u062f\u064c \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629\u064c \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638\u0650 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u0632\u0647\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0650\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b\u064f \u062a\u064f\u0637\u0628\u0642\u064f \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0646\u064f \u0635\u0627\u0631\u0645\u0629\u064c \u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0629\u0650 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629\u0650 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u062f\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0650 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0648\u062b\u0650\u060c \u0648\u062a\u064f\u0634\u062c\u0639\u064f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u062d\u0629\u064f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629\u064f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u0629\u064f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u064f\u0639\u0632\u0632\u064f \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0639\u064a\u064e \u0628\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638\u0629\u0650 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637_\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a\" title=\"27|worldbank.org|2024\">[27]<\/a><\/sup>. \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629\u0650 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0648\u0631\u0650\u060c \u064a\u064f\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631\u064f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u0632\u0647\u064f \u0645\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0628\u0639\u0636\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u062f\u064a\u064a\u0627\u062a\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u062f\u062f\u0629\u0650 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0636\u0650 \u0645\u062b\u0644\u0650 \u0641\u0642\u0645\u0629\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0647\u0628\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0629\u0650\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0632\u064a\u062f\u064f \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u064a\u0645\u062a\u0650\u0647\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629\u0650 \u0648\u064a\u064f\u0633\u0644\u0637\u064f \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0621\u064e \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629\u0650 \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0650 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u064b\u0627<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637_\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a\" title=\"28|who.int|2024\">[28]<\/a><\/sup>. \u0648\u062a\u064f\u0642\u062f\u0645\u064f \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642\u064f \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629\u064f\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u0635\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0650 \u0622\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0627\u062d\u0644\u0650 \u0622\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0646\u060c \u062a\u062c\u0631\u0628\u0629\u064b \u0633\u064a\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629\u064b \u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629\u064b \u062a\u062c\u0645\u0639\u064f \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0627\u0645\u0631\u0629\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629\u0650 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0643\u0634\u0627\u0641\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0651\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u064f\u0639\u0632\u0632\u064f \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u0629\u064e \u0645\u0648\u0631\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627 \u0643\u0648\u062c\u0647\u0629\u064d \u0633\u064a\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629\u064d \u0645\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639\u0629\u064d \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0650 \u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637_\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a\" title=\"29|un.org|2024\">[29]<\/a><\/sup>. \u0625\u0646\u0651\u064e \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646\u064e \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064e \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u062d\u0629\u0650 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638\u0650 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629\u0650 \u064a\u064f\u0634\u0643\u0644\u064f \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u0641\u0631\u0635\u0629\u064b \u0644\u0645\u0648\u0631\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0629\u0650 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0629<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637_\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a\" title=\"30|reuters.com|2023\">[30]<\/a><\/sup>. <\/p>\n<h3>\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0645\u0629 \u0646\u0648\u0627\u0643\u0634\u0648\u0637 \u0648\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0632\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n<figure class=\"geo-img-inline\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/f\/f4\/Central_mosque_in_Nouakchott.jpg\" alt=\"\u0645\u0648\u0631\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627\" loading=\"lazy\"><figcaption>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062c\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0648\u0627\u0643\u0634\u0648\u0637\u060c \u0645\u0648\u0631\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>\u062a\u064f\u0634\u0643\u0644\u064f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0645\u0629\u064f \u0646\u0648\u0627\u0643\u0634\u0648\u0637\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0646\u064a &#8220;\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064e \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062d\u0650&#8221; \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0629\u0650\u060c \u0642\u0644\u0628\u064e \u0645\u0648\u0631\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0628\u0636\u064e \u0648\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064e\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0636\u0631\u064a\u0651\u064e \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0651\u064e \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0651\u064e \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0651\u064e\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b\u064f \u062a\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644\u064f \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631\u064a\u0646\u064e \u0628\u0645\u0632\u064a\u062c\u064d \u0641\u0631\u064a\u062f\u064d \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b\u0629\u0650 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644\u064a\u062f\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u064a\u0644\u0629<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637_\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a\" title=\"31|britannica.com|2025\">[31]<\/a><\/sup>. \u0631\u063a\u0645\u064e \u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b\u0629\u0650 \u062a\u0623\u0633\u064a\u0633\u0650\u0647\u0627 \u0643\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0645\u0629\u064d \u0639\u0627\u0645 1960\u060c \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0634\u0647\u062f\u062a \u0646\u0648\u0627\u0643\u0634\u0648\u0637 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u064b\u0627 \u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u0639\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0647\u0627\u0626\u0644\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0631\u064a\u0629\u064d \u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0629\u064d \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629\u064d \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629\u064d \u0635\u0627\u062e\u0628\u0629\u064d \u062a\u0639\u062c\u0651\u064f \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629\u0650 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0637<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637_\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a\" title=\"32|cia.gov|2025\">[32]<\/a><\/sup>. \u062a\u064f\u0639\u062f\u0651\u064f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629\u064f \u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629\u064e \u0627\u0646\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0642\u064d \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629\u064b \u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0643\u0634\u0627\u0641\u0650 \u0628\u0627\u0642\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f\u0650\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u064f\u0642\u062f\u0645\u064f \u0644\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631\u064a\u0646\u064e \u0641\u0631\u0635\u0629\u064b \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0650 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0631\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0631\u0629\u0650 \u0648\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0650\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637_\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a\" title=\"33|nationalgeographic.com|2023\">[33]<\/a><\/sup>. \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0628\u0631\u0632\u0650 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0650 \u0646\u0648\u0627\u0643\u0634\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062c\u062f\u064f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a\u0651\u064f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u064f\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u064f\u0639\u062f\u0651\u064f \u062a\u062d\u0641\u0629\u064b \u0645\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629\u064b \u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629\u064b \u0648\u064a\u064f\u0634\u0643\u0644\u064f \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064b\u0627 \u0631\u0648\u062d\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629\u0650\u060c \u0648\u064a\u064f\u0645\u0643\u0646\u064f \u0644\u0644\u0632\u0648\u0627\u0631\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0639\u064f \u0628\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0650 \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645\u0650\u0647\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0651\u0650 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0651\u0650 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0645\u0644\u0650 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u062c\u0648\u0627\u0621\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u064a\u0646\u0629\u0650 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u062d\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u064f\u062d\u064a\u0637\u064f \u0628\u0647<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637_\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a\" title=\"34|aljazeera.net|2024\">[34]<\/a><\/sup>. \u062a\u064f\u0642\u062f\u0645\u064f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0642\u064f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629\u064f \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0648\u0627\u0643\u0634\u0648\u0637\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644\u064f \u0633\u0648\u0642\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0643\u0650 \u0648\u0633\u0648\u0642\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u0644\u0650\u060c \u062a\u062c\u0631\u0628\u0629\u064b \u062d\u0633\u064a\u0629\u064b \u063a\u0646\u064a\u0629\u064b \u062a\u064f\u0639\u0643\u0633\u064f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629\u064e \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629\u064e \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0631\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b\u064f \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u064f \u0644\u0644\u0632\u0648\u0627\u0631\u0650 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0647\u062f\u0629\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0641\u064a\u064a\u0646\u064e \u0648\u0647\u0645 \u064a\u0635\u0646\u0639\u0648\u0646\u064e \u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c\u0627\u062a\u0650\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629\u0650 \u0648\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0650 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0645\u0634\u0629\u0650 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0648\u0647\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0629<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637_\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a\" title=\"35|bbc.com\/arabic|2023\">[35]<\/a><\/sup>. \u0648\u064a\u064f\u0639\u062f\u0651\u064f \u0633\u0648\u0642\u064f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0643\u0650 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u062c\u0647\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0648\u0635\u0650\u060c \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064b\u0627 \u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u0645\u0644\u0648\u0646\u064b\u0627\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b\u064f \u062a\u064f\u0639\u0631\u0636\u064f \u0643\u0645\u064a\u0627\u062a\u064c \u0647\u0627\u0626\u0644\u0629\u064c \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0643\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0632\u062c\u0629\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u062c\u0644\u0628\u064f\u0647\u0627 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\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629\u064e\u060c \u0648\u062a\u064f\u0634\u0643\u0644\u064f \u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629\u064e \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0621\u064d \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0646\u064e \u0648\u0631\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0650 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0650 \u0623\u0646\u062d\u0627\u0621\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637_\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a\" title<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0635\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0633\u0627\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062c\u0633\u0631 \u062d\u0636\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0648\u0625\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0627.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":434,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[45,49],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-435","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-45","category-49"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/cosmalore.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/435","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/cosmalore.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/cosmalore.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cosmalore.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cosmalore.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=435"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/cosmalore.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/435\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cosmalore.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/434"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/cosmalore.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=435"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cosmalore.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=435"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cosmalore.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=435"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}