{"id":431,"date":"2026-03-28T04:57:57","date_gmt":"2026-03-28T01:27:57","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/cosmalore.com\/ar\/2026\/03\/28\/%d8%b2%d8%a7%d9%85%d8%a8%d9%8a%d8%a7\/"},"modified":"2026-03-28T04:57:57","modified_gmt":"2026-03-28T01:27:57","slug":"%d8%b2%d8%a7%d9%85%d8%a8%d9%8a%d8%a7","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/cosmalore.com\/ar\/wiki\/%d8%b2%d8%a7%d9%85%d8%a8%d9%8a%d8%a7\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0632\u0627\u0645\u0628\u064a\u0627"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"geo-wrap\">\n<p class=\"geo-subtitle\">\u062c\u0648\u0647\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0642\u0644\u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0628\u0636 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a \u0648\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u064a\u062f.<\/p>\n<figure class=\"geo-img-main\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/0\/06\/Flag_of_Zambia.svg\/960px-Flag_of_Zambia.svg.png\" alt=\"\u0632\u0627\u0645\u0628\u064a\u0627\" loading=\"eager\"><figcaption>\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0640\u0632\u0627\u0645\u0628\u064a\u0627<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<figure class=\"geo-img-flag\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/flagcdn.com\/w640\/zm.png\" alt=\"\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0632\u0627\u0645\u0628\u064a\u0627\" loading=\"lazy\"><figcaption>\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a \u0644\u0640\u0632\u0627\u0645\u0628\u064a\u0627<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<div class=\"geo-intro\">\n<p>\u0641\u064a \u0642\u0644\u0628 \u0623\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0649\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0649 \u0633\u0647\u0648\u0644 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\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0641\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0628\u0631\u0632 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0643\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0639 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0645\u0632\u062f\u0647\u0631. \u062a\u064f\u0642\u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0633\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u0646\u062d\u0648 752,618 \u0643\u064a\u0644\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0631\u0628\u0639\u0627\u064b <sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/zambia\/\" title=\"1|\u0633\u064a \u0622\u064a \u0625\u064a\u0647 \u0648\u0648\u0631\u0644\u062f \u0641\u0627\u0643\u062a \u0628\u0648\u0643|2024\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[1]<\/a><\/sup>\u060c \u0648\u062a\u064f\u0635\u0646\u0641 \u0628\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0633\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u0645 <sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/zambia\/\" title=\"2|\u0633\u064a \u0622\u064a \u0625\u064a\u0647 \u0648\u0648\u0631\u0644\u062f \u0641\u0627\u0643\u062a \u0628\u0648\u0643|2024\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[2]<\/a><\/sup>. \u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0641\u064a\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 20.8 \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0646\u0633\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0645 2025 <sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.worldbank.org\/en\/country\/zambia\/overview\" title=\"3|\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a|2025\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[3]<\/a><\/sup>\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628\u0627\u064b \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062b\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 <sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.un.org\/development\/desa\/pd\/content\/world-population-prospects\" title=\"4|\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629|2025\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[4]<\/a><\/sup>. \u0648\u064a\u064f\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0635\u0644 \u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a (\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a) \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a 80 \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a \u0628\u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0645 2025 <sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.imf.org\/en\/Countries\/ZMB\" title=\"5|\u0635\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a|2025\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[5]<\/a><\/sup>\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u0646\u0635\u064a\u0628 \u0641\u0631\u062f\u064a \u064a\u0642\u062a\u0631\u0628 \u0645\u0646 3,800 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a <sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.imf.org\/en\/Countries\/ZMB\" title=\"6|\u0635\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a|2025\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[6]<\/a><\/sup>\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0646\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0627\u064b \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u0633\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u064f\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0639\u0635\u0628 \u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 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\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0638\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0628\u0639\u0645\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u062d\u0635\u0644\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1964 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633 \u0643\u064a\u0646\u064a\u062b \u0643\u0627\u0648\u0646\u062f\u0627\u060c \u0644\u062a\u064f\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0639\u0636\u0648\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0627\u0631\u0632\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0632\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0644\u0639\u0628 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0631\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0639\u0645 \u062d\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0631\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0624\u0643\u062f\u0629\u064b \u0628\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0626 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 <sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/place\/Zambia\" title=\"7|\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u0627|2024\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[7]<\/a><\/sup>. \u062a\u062a\u0645\u062a\u0639 \u0632\u0627\u0645\u0628\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0647\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0639\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0641\u0647\u064a \u062a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a (SADC) \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0648\u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628 \u0623\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0627 (COMESA)\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0633\u0639\u0649 \u062c\u0627\u0647\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629. \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0634\u0647\u062f\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f \u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b \u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0646\u0633\u0628\u064a\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u062c\u0639\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u062c\u0627\u0630\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0646\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u0633\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u062d\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0641\u064a\u062f\u0629\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0634\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0628\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0625\u062d\u062f\u0649 \u0639\u062c\u0627\u0626\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0627\u064b \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u062d\u064a <sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.worldbank.org\/en\/country\/zambia\/overview\" title=\"8|\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a|2024\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[8]<\/a><\/sup>. \u062a\u062a\u062c\u0647 \u0632\u0627\u0645\u0628\u064a\u0627 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u064a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0637\u064a\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0622\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0648\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062c\u0645\u0629. \u0641\u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0647\u0629\u060c \u062a\u0633\u0639\u0649 \u062c\u0627\u0647\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u064a\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0631\u0637 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0627\u0633\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062c\u062f\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0636\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0646 \u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0634\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0641\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0633\u0627\u062f <sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.imf.org\/en\/Countries\/ZMB\" title=\"9|\u0635\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a|2025\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[9]<\/a><\/sup>. \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649\u060c \u062a\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u062e\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0630\u0627\u0626\u064a\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u062a\u0628\u0642\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0631\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0645\u062a\u0639 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f\u060c \u0645\u062f\u0639\u0648\u0645\u0629\u064b \u0628\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0645\u0643\u064a\u0646 \u0632\u0627\u0645\u0628\u064a\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0634\u0639\u0628\u0647\u0627 <sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.un.org\/ohrlls\/content\/zambia\" title=\"10|\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629|2024\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[10]<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"geo-table-wrap\">\n<div class=\"geo-table-title\">\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629<\/div>\n<table class=\"geo-info-table\">\n<tbody>\n<tr class=\"geo-tg\">\n<td colspan=\"2\">\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a<\/th>\n<td class=\"geo-val\">\u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0632\u0627\u0645\u0628\u064a\u0627<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"#ref1\" title=\"1|\u0645\u0648\u0633\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u0631\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u0627|2024\">[1]<\/a><\/sup><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/th>\n<td class=\"geo-val\">Republic of Zambia<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"#ref2\" title=\"2|\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u062d\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0644\u0648\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0628\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a\u0629|2024\">[2]<\/a><\/sup><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a<\/th>\n<td class=\"geo-val\">\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u062f \u0623\u0646\u062f \u0633\u064a\u0646\u063a \u0623\u0648\u0641 \u0632\u0627\u0645\u0628\u064a\u0627<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"#ref3\" title=\"3|\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0645\u0628\u064a\u0629|2023\">[3]<\/a><\/sup><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"geo-tg\">\n<td colspan=\"2\">\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b\u064a\u0627\u062a<\/th>\n<td class=\"geo-val\">15\u00b025\u2032S 28\u00b017\u2032E<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"#ref4\" title=\"4|\u062c\u0648\u062c\u0644 \u0625\u064a\u0631\u062b|2024\">[4]<\/a><\/sup><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 (\u0643\u0645\u00b2)<\/th>\n<td class=\"geo-val\">752,618<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"#ref5\" title=\"5|\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u062d\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0644\u0648\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0628\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a\u0629|2024\">[5]<\/a><\/sup><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>\u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u0645\u0629 (\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639)<\/th>\n<td class=\"geo-val\">\u062c\u0628\u0644 \u0645\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0646\u062c\u0627 (Mafinnga) &#8211; 2,301 \u0645\u062a\u0631<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"#ref6\" title=\"6|\u0645\u0648\u0633\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u0631\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u0627|2024\">[6]<\/a><\/sup><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>\u0623\u062e\u0641\u0636 \u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629 (\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639)<\/th>\n<td class=\"geo-val\">\u0646\u0647\u0631 \u0632\u0627\u0645\u0628\u064a\u0632\u064a &#8211; 329 \u0645\u062a\u0631<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"#ref7\" title=\"7|\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u062d\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0644\u0648\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0628\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a\u0629|2024\">[7]<\/a><\/sup><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0645\u0629<\/th>\n<td class=\"geo-val\">\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0627\u0643\u0627<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"#ref8\" title=\"8|\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0645\u0628\u064a\u0629|2024\">[8]<\/a><\/sup><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>\u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0629<\/th>\n<td class=\"geo-val\">\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0629<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"#ref9\" title=\"9|\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0645\u0628\u064a|2016\">[9]<\/a><\/sup><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>\u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646<\/th>\n<td class=\"geo-val\">\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0627\u0643\u0627<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"#ref10\" title=\"10|\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u0632\u0627\u0645\u0628\u064a\u0627|2022\">[10]<\/a><\/sup><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646 (2025)<\/th>\n<td class=\"geo-val\">21,358,000<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"#ref11\" title=\"11|\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629|2022\">[11]<\/a><\/sup><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>\u062a\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631<\/th>\n<td class=\"geo-val\">19,610,769 (2022)<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"#ref12\" title=\"12|\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u0632\u0627\u0645\u0628\u064a\u0627|2022\">[12]<\/a><\/sup><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0648\u0631 (2024)<\/th>\n<td class=\"geo-val\">\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a 9,900,000<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"#ref13\" title=\"13|\u0635\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646 (\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a)|2024\">[13]<\/a><\/sup><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0627\u062b (2024)<\/th>\n<td class=\"geo-val\">\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a 10,600,000<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"#ref14\" title=\"14|\u0635\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646 (\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a)|2024\">[14]<\/a><\/sup><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>\u0627\u0644\u0643\u062b\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 (\u0646\/\u0643\u0645\u00b2)<\/th>\n<td class=\"geo-val\">\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a 27.3 (\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631 2024)<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"#ref15\" title=\"15|\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0621|2024\">[15]<\/a><\/sup><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0636\u0631<\/th>\n<td class=\"geo-val\">\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a 8,500,000 (\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631 2023)<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"#ref16\" title=\"16|\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a|2023\">[16]<\/a><\/sup><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0641<\/th>\n<td class=\"geo-val\">\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a 12,000,000 (\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631 2023)<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"#ref17\" title=\"17|\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a|2023\">[17]<\/a><\/sup><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639<\/th>\n<td class=\"geo-val\">63.8 \u0633\u0646\u0629 (2021)<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"#ref18\" title=\"18|\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a|2021\">[18]<\/a><\/sup><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0629<\/th>\n<td class=\"geo-val\">86.8% (\u0644\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a\u064a\u0646 15+\u060c 2018)<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"#ref19\" title=\"19|\u0645\u0639\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646\u0633\u0643\u0648 \u0644\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0621|2018\">[19]<\/a><\/sup><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"geo-tg\">\n<td colspan=\"2\">\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645<\/th>\n<td class=\"geo-val\">\u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0631\u0626\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"#ref20\" title=\"20|\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u062d\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0644\u0648\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0628\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a\u0629|2024\">[20]<\/a><\/sup><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \/ \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a (\u0645\u0639 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0644\u064a)<\/th>\n<td class=\"geo-val\">\u0647\u0627\u0643\u0627\u064a\u0646\u062f\u064a \u0647\u064a\u062a\u0634\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0627 (Hakainde Hichilema) &#8211; 24 \u0623\u063a\u0633\u0637\u0633 2021<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"#ref21\" title=\"21|\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0645\u0628\u064a|2021\">[21]<\/a><\/sup><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0621 \/ \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a (\u0645\u0639 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0644\u064a)<\/th>\n<td class=\"geo-val\">\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0645\u0646\u0635\u0628 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0648\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u0648 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"#ref22\" title=\"22|\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0645\u0628\u064a|2016\">[22]<\/a><\/sup><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629<\/th>\n<td class=\"geo-val\">\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"#ref23\" title=\"23|\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0645\u0628\u064a|2024\">[23]<\/a><\/sup><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630\u064a\u0629<\/th>\n<td class=\"geo-val\">\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0621<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"#ref24\" title=\"24|\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0645\u0628\u064a|2016\">[24]<\/a><\/sup><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"geo-tg\">\n<td colspan=\"2\">\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0633\u064a\u0633 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0633\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644<\/th>\n<td class=\"geo-val\">\u062a\u0623\u0633\u064a\u0633 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0631\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a 1911<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"#ref25\" title=\"25|\u0645\u0648\u0633\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u0631\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u0627|2024\">[25]<\/a><\/sup><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 (\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e)<\/th>\n<td class=\"geo-val\">* \u0631\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629): 1911-1964<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"#ref26\" title=\"26|\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0632\u0627\u0645\u0628\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u062d\u0629|2020\">[26]<\/a><\/sup> * \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644: 24 \u0623\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0628\u0631 1964<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"#ref27\" title=\"27|\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0632\u0627\u0645\u0628\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u062d\u0629|2020\">[27]<\/a><\/sup> * \u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0632\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f: 1972-1991<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"#ref28\" title=\"28|\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0632\u0627\u0645\u0628\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u062d\u0629|2020\">[28]<\/a><\/sup> * \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0632\u0628\u064a\u0629: 1991<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"#ref29\" title=\"29|\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0632\u0627\u0645\u0628\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u062d\u0629|2020\">[29]<\/a><\/sup><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a<\/th>\n<td class=\"geo-val\">24 \u0623\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0628\u0631 1964<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"#ref30\" title=\"30|\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0648\u062d\u0629\u060c \u0632\u0627\u0645\u0628\u064a\u0627|2024\">[30]<\/a><\/sup><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a (\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0635\u062f\u0627\u0631)<\/th>\n<td class=\"geo-val\">1991 (\u0645\u0639 \u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a 2016)<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"#ref31\" title=\"31|\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0645\u0628\u064a\u0629|2016\">[31]<\/a><\/sup><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"geo-tg\">\n<td colspan=\"2\">\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a (PPP)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>\u0633\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631<\/th>\n<td class=\"geo-val\">2024<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"#ref32\" title=\"32|\u0635\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a|2024\">[32]<\/a><\/sup><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a (\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0631)<\/th>\n<td class=\"geo-val\">89.26<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"#ref33\" title=\"33|\u0635\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a|2024\">[33]<\/a><\/sup><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>\u0646\u0635\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f (\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0631)<\/th>\n<td class=\"geo-val\">4,374<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"#ref34\" title=\"34|\u0635\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a|2024\">[34]<\/a><\/sup><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"geo-tg\">\n<td colspan=\"2\">\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a (\u0627\u0633\u0645\u064a)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>\u0633\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631<\/th>\n<td class=\"geo-val\">2024<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"#ref35\" title=\"35|\u0635\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a|2024\">[35]<\/a><\/sup><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a (\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0631)<\/th>\n<td class=\"geo-val\">33.74<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"#ref36\" title=\"36|\u0635\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a|2024\">[36]<\/a><\/sup><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>\u0646\u0635\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f (\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0631)<\/th>\n<td class=\"geo-val\">1,653<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"#ref37\" title=\"37|\u0635\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a|2024\">[37]<\/a><\/sup><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"geo-tg\">\n<td colspan=\"2\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a<\/th>\n<td class=\"geo-val\">4.3% (\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631 2024)<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"#ref38\" title=\"38|\u0635\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a|2024\">[38]<\/a><\/sup><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0636\u062e\u0645<\/th>\n<td class=\"geo-val\">12.9% (\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631 2024)<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"#ref39\" title=\"39|\u0635\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a|2024\">[39]<\/a><\/sup><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0629<\/th>\n<td class=\"geo-val\">11.2% (\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631 2023)<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"#ref40\" title=\"40|\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a|2023\">[40]<\/a><\/sup><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u062c\u064a\u0646\u064a<\/th>\n<td class=\"geo-val\">57.1 (2015)<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"#ref41\" title=\"41|\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a|2015\">[41]<\/a><\/sup><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>\u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629 (HDI) \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062a\u064a\u0628<\/th>\n<td class=\"geo-val\">0.569 (\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637) &#8211; \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062a\u064a\u0628 154 \u0645\u0646 193 (2022)<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"#ref42\" title=\"42|\u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0626\u064a|2022\">[42]<\/a><\/sup><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u064a\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629<\/th>\n<td class=\"geo-val\">16%<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"#ref43\" title=\"43|\u0648\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0645\u0628\u064a\u0629|2024\">[43]<\/a><\/sup><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"geo-tg\">\n<td colspan=\"2\">\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0629<\/th>\n<td class=\"geo-val\">\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0634\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0645\u0628\u064a (ZMW)<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"#ref44\" title=\"44|\u0628\u0646\u0643 \u0632\u0627\u0645\u0628\u064a\u0627|2024\">[44]<\/a><\/sup><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a<\/th>\n<td class=\"geo-val\">\u0628\u0646\u0643 \u0632\u0627\u0645\u0628\u064a\u0627<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"#ref45\" title=\"45|\u0628\u0646\u0643 \u0632\u0627\u0645\u0628\u064a\u0627|2024\">[45]<\/a><\/sup><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>\u0631\u0642\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u0627\u0631\u0626<\/th>\n<td class=\"geo-val\">\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0637\u0629: 991\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0639\u0627\u0641: 992\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0637\u0641\u0627\u0621: 993<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"#ref46\" title=\"46|\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0645\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u0627\u0631\u0626|2024\">[46]<\/a><\/sup><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629 (UTC)<\/th>\n<td class=\"geo-val\">UTC+2<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"#ref47\" title=\"47|\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0635\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a|2024\">[47]<\/a><\/sup><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642<\/th>\n<td class=\"geo-val\">\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0633\u0627\u0631<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"#ref48\" title=\"48|\u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0645\u0628\u064a\u0629|2024\">[48]<\/a><\/sup><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0631<\/th>\n<td class=\"geo-val\">\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0633\u0627\u0631<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"#ref49\" title=\"49|\u0633\u0643\u0643 \u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0632\u0627\u0645\u0628\u064a\u0627|2024\">[49]<\/a><\/sup><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>\u0631\u0645\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a (TLD)<\/th>\n<td class=\"geo-val\">.zm<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"#ref50\" title=\"50|\u0647\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0629 (ICANN)|2024\">[50]<\/a><\/sup><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>\u0631\u0645\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u062a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a<\/th>\n<td class=\"geo-val\">+260<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"#ref51\" title=\"51|\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a|2024\">[51]<\/a><\/sup><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>\u0631\u0645\u0632 ISO 3166-1<\/th>\n<td class=\"geo-val\">ZM<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"#ref52\" title=\"52|\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062d\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a (ISO)|2024\">[52]<\/a><\/sup><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629<\/th>\n<td class=\"geo-val\">www.zambia.gov.zm<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"#ref53\" title=\"53|\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0645\u0628\u064a\u0629|2024\">[53]<\/a><\/sup><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"geo-map-wrap\">\n<div class=\"geo-table-title\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0629<\/div>\n<p><iframe src=\"https:\/\/www.openstreetmap.org\/export\/embed.html?bbox=24.375,-17.8125,35.625,-12.1875&amp;layer=mapnik&amp;marker=-15,30\" width=\"100%\" height=\"320\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" loading=\"lazy\" title=\"\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0629 \u0632\u0627\u0645\u0628\u064a\u0627\"><\/iframe><\/div>\n<figure class=\"geo-img-locator\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/staticmap.openstreetmap.de\/staticmap.php?center=-15,30&amp;zoom=5&amp;size=600x300&amp;markers=-15,30,red\" alt=\"\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0629 \u0632\u0627\u0645\u0628\u064a\u0627\" loading=\"lazy\" onerror=\"this.closest('figure').style.display='none'\"><figcaption>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0644\u0640\u0632\u0627\u0645\u0628\u064a\u0627<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<figure class=\"geo-img-locator\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/4\/41\/Tribal_Linguistic_map_Zambia.jpg\" alt=\"\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0632\u0627\u0645\u0628\u064a\u0627\" loading=\"lazy\" onerror=\"this.closest('figure').style.display='none'\"><figcaption>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0644\u0640\u0632\u0627\u0645\u0628\u064a\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0629<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<div class=\"geo-article\">\n<h2>\u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639<\/h2>\n<p>\u062a\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0639 \u0632\u0627\u0645\u0628\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0628\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0643\u0644 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062a\u0632\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0636\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0633\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0644\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0636\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0647\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0633\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0638\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0634\u0642 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0628\u0629<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/place\/Zambia\/Physical-features\" title=\"1|britannica.com|2024\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[1]<\/a><\/sup>. \u0625\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u062d\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u063a\u0646\u0627\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0635\u0642\u0644 \u0647\u0648\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0643\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0630 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0634\u0643\u0644\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u062f\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062d\u0636\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nationalgeographic.com\/places\/countries\/country\/zambia\/\" title=\"2|nationalgeographic.com|2023\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[2]<\/a><\/sup>. \u062a\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0648\u062d \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0622\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0633\u0637\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0646\u062d\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u062e\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0639\u062a\u062f\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0646\u0633\u0628\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0633\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u063a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0641\u0627\u0646\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0646\u0642\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0637\u0628\u0629<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/zambia\/geography\/\" title=\"3|cia.gov|2024\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[3]<\/a><\/sup>. <\/p>\n<h3>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n<figure class=\"geo-img-inline\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/2\/2d\/Cataratas_Victoria%2C_Zambia-Zimbabue%2C_2018-07-27%2C_DD_05.jpg\" alt=\"\u0632\u0627\u0645\u0628\u064a\u0627\" loading=\"lazy\"><figcaption>\u0634\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0638\u064a\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0632\u0627\u0645\u0628\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0632\u064a\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0628\u0648\u064a\u060c \u062a\u064f\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0633\u0631.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>\u062a\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0632\u0627\u0645\u0628\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0645\u0646\u062d\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0643\u0648\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062d\u0628\u064a\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0628\u0633\u0629<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/place\/Zambia\/Economy\" title=\"4|britannica.com|2024\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[4]<\/a><\/sup>. \u062a\u062d\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a \u062f\u0648\u0644\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u062a\u0644\u0627\u0642\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629\u061b \u0641\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u064a\u062d\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0646\u063a\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0646\u0632\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0645\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0648\u064a \u0648\u0645\u0648\u0632\u0645\u0628\u064a\u0642<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/zambia\/geography\/\" title=\"5|cia.gov|2024\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[5]<\/a><\/sup>. \u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628\u060c \u0641\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0632\u064a\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0628\u0648\u064a \u0648\u0646\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0628\u0648\u062a\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0627 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0631\u0628\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0646\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628 \u0623\u0646\u063a\u0648\u0644\u0627<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.un.org\/africarenewal\/magazine\/september-2019\/southern-africa%E2%80%99s-economic-growth\" title=\"6|un.org|2019\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[6]<\/a><\/sup>. \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u062a\u0636\u0641\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0632\u0627\u0645\u0628\u064a\u0627 \u0637\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0627\u064b \u0641\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0627\u064b\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u062a\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0633\u064a\u062c\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0632\u0632 \u062a\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0643\u0627\u0631<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.worldbank.org\/en\/country\/zambia\/overview\" title=\"7|worldbank.org|2023\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[7]<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p>\n<p>\u0644\u0642\u062f \u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0641\u0631\u0635\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u062f \u0633\u0648\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0641\u0641\u064a \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0635\u0639\u0651\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0626 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u062d\u0641\u0632 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0631\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f \u0628\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.imf.org\/en\/Countries\/ZMB\" title=\"8|imf.org|2023\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[8]<\/a><\/sup>. \u0648\u062a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0632\u0627\u0645\u0628\u064a\u0627 \u0645\u0645\u0631\u0627\u064b \u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0627\u0631\u060c \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642\u064a<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/markets\/commodities\/zambia-seeks-boost-trade-links-with-eastern-africa-2023-05-15\/\" title=\"9|reuters.com|2023\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[9]<\/a><\/sup>. \u062a\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0644\u062a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0644\u0639\u0628 \u0632\u0627\u0645\u0628\u064a\u0627 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0628\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.aljazeera.net\/politics\/2022\/8\/24\/%D8%B2%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A7-%D8%AD%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%81-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%BA%D8%B1%D8%A8-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B0%D9%8A-%D9%84%D8%A7-%D9%8A%D9%86%D8%B3%D9%89-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B5%D9%8A%D9%86\" title=\"10|aljazeera.net|2022\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[10]<\/a><\/sup>. <\/p>\n<h3>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0636\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0638\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n<p>\u062a\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u0632\u0627\u0645\u0628\u064a\u0627 \u0628\u062a\u0636\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0633\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0644\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0622\u0633\u0631\u0629\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0647\u064a\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0636\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0633\u0639\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u062a\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0648\u062d \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 900 \u06481500 \u0645\u062a\u0631 \u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0633\u0637\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/place\/Zambia\/Physical-features\" title=\"11|britannica.com|2024\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[11]<\/a><\/sup>. \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0636\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a \u0645\u0633\u0637\u062d\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u062a\u062a\u062e\u0644\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u062c\u0628\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0641\u0631\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0628\u0631\u0632\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0648\u062a\u0634\u064a\u0646\u063a\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0635\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0639\u062f \u062c\u0632\u0621\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0635\u062f\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0638\u064a\u0645<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nationalgeographic.com\/science\/article\/rift-valley\" title=\"12|nationalgeographic.com|2023\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[12]<\/a><\/sup>. \u062a\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u064a\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0646\u0647\u0631 \u0644\u0648\u0627\u0646\u063a\u0648\u0627 \u0648\u0648\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0646\u0647\u0631 \u0632\u0627\u0645\u0628\u064a\u0632\u064a\u060c \u0633\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0631\u0632\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0636\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0645\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u063a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u0628\u062e\u0635\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u062a\u0631\u0628\u062a\u0647\u0627<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/zambia\/geography\/\" title=\"13|cia.gov|2024\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[13]<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p>\n<figure class=\"geo-img-inline\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/8\/85\/NsaluCave.jpg\" alt=\"\u0632\u0627\u0645\u0628\u064a\u0627\" loading=\"lazy\"><figcaption>\u0627\u0645\u0631\u0623\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u0623\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0643\u0647\u0641 \u0646\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0648\u060c \u0641\u064a \u062d\u062f\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0633\u0627\u0646\u0643\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0632\u0627\u0645\u0628\u064a\u0627.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>\u062a\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0648\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0638\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0641\u0627\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0648\u062d\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062a\u062e\u0644\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0646\u0642\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0628\u062d\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0648\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.worldbank.org\/en\/country\/zambia\/overview\" title=\"14|worldbank.org|2023\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[14]<\/a><\/sup>. \u0648\u062a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0628\u062d\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0646\u063a\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0648 \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0646\u0642\u0639\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u0627\u064b \u062d\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0637\u0628\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0639\u062f \u0645\u0648\u0637\u0646\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0648\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0643<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nationalgeographic.com\/travel\/article\/zambia-wildlife-wetlands-birding\" title=\"15|nationalgeographic.com|2022\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[15]<\/a><\/sup>. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0632\u0627\u0645\u0628\u064a\u0627 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0635\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0634\u0628\u0647 \u0635\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0642\u0635\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0628\u0648\u062a\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0627 \u0648\u0646\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/place\/Zambia\/Climate\" title=\"16|britannica.com|2024\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[16]<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p>\n<p>\u062a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0634\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0648\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0627\u0633\u0645 &#8220;\u0645\u0648\u0633\u064a \u0623\u0648\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0627&#8221; \u0623\u0648 &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u062f\u062e\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0631\u0639\u062f&#8221;\u060c \u0625\u062d\u062f\u0649 \u0639\u062c\u0627\u0626\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0642\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0647\u0631 \u0632\u0627\u0645\u0628\u064a\u0632\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0632\u0627\u0645\u0628\u064a\u0627 \u0645\u0639 \u0632\u064a\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0628\u0648\u064a<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nationalgeographic.com\/travel\/destinations\/africa\/zambia\/victoria-falls\/\" title=\"17|nationalgeographic.com|2023\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[17]<\/a><\/sup>. \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a \u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u062d\u064a\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0647\u064a \u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u062c\u0632\u0623 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u064a\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0634\u0647\u062f\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u064a\u0646<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.un.org\/en\/observances\/world-tourism-day\/victoria-falls\" title=\"18|un.org|2023\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[18]<\/a><\/sup>. \u062a\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0636\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u0627\u064b \u062c\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627\u064b \u063a\u0646\u064a\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0628\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u062a\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639\u0627\u064b \u0628\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u0633\u0647\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0641\u0627\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0636\u0641\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0631<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/arabic\/science-and-tech-49667794\" title=\"19|bbc.com\/arabic|2019\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[19]<\/a><\/sup>. <\/p>\n<h3>\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n<p>\u062a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0632\u0627\u0645\u0628\u064a\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u063a\u0646\u0649 \u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0623\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0630\u0628\u0629\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0628\u0643 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0646\u0642\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u063a\u0630\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0644 \u0631\u0643\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0631\u0643\u0627\u0646\u0647\u0627<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/place\/Zambia\/Drainage\" title=\"20|britannica.com|2024\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[20]<\/a><\/sup>. \u064a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0646\u0647\u0631 \u0632\u0627\u0645\u0628\u064a\u0632\u064a\u060c \u0631\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0623\u0637\u0648\u0644 \u0646\u0647\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0634\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u0646\u0628\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u063a\u0631\u0628 \u0632\u0627\u0645\u0628\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u064a\u0634\u0642 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0647 \u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628\u0627\u064b \u0644\u064a\u0635\u0646\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0645\u0639 \u0632\u064a\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0628\u0648\u064a\u060c \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0635\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u064a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u064a<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nationalgeographic.com\/science\/article\/zambezi-river\" title=\"21|nationalgeographic.com|2023\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[21]<\/a><\/sup>. \u064a\u0644\u0639\u0628 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0631 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u064b \u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0644\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0633\u062f \u0643\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0628\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0642<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.worldbank.org\/en\/news\/feature\/2021\/03\/17\/kariba-dam-sustaining-zambia-and-zimbabwe-s-power-supply\" title=\"22|worldbank.org|2021\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[22]<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p>\n<p>\u062a\u062a\u0648\u0632\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0646\u0647\u0631 \u0643\u0627\u0641\u0648\u064a \u0648\u0646\u0647\u0631 \u0644\u0648\u0627\u0646\u063a\u0648\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0631\u0627\u0641\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0646\u0647\u0631 \u0632\u0627\u0645\u0628\u064a\u0632\u064a\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0633\u0647\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0647\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0639\u062f \u0645\u0648\u0637\u0646\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0641\u0629<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/zambia\/geography\/\" title=\"23|cia.gov|2024\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[23]<\/a><\/sup>. \u062a\u064f\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0633\u0647\u0648\u0644 \u0643\u0627\u0641\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0637\u0628\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u0626\u0644\u0627\u064b \u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0629<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nationalgeographic.com\/travel\/article\/zambia-wildlife-wetlands-birding\" title=\"24|nationalgeographic.com|2022\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[24]<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p>\n<p>\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0631\u060c \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0636\u0646 \u0632\u0627\u0645\u0628\u064a\u0627 \u0639\u062f\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0628\u0631\u0632\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u062d\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0646\u063a\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0648 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0639\u062f \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u0627\u064b \u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0641\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0648\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0647\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0643 \u0644\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u064a\u0646<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/place\/Bangweulu-Swamps\" title=\"25|britannica.com|2024\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[25]<\/a><\/sup>. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643 \u0632\u0627\u0645\u0628\u064a\u0627 \u062c\u0632\u0621\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u062d\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u0627\u0646\u063a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0642\u0627\u060c \u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0639\u0645\u0642 \u0628\u062d\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0630\u0628\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u062a\u0646\u0632\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0646\u063a\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0628\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0646\u062f\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0646\u062d\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f \u0645\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0647\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0648\u062b\u0631\u0648\u0629 \u0633\u0645\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.un.org\/en\/events\/oceansday\/assets\/pdf\/factsheet_oceans.pdf\" title=\"26|un.org|2023\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[26]<\/a><\/sup>. \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0647\u064a \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u064b \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0645\u0628\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0648\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0635\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0643\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.imf.org\/en\/Countries\/ZMB\" title=\"27|imf.org|2023\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[27]<\/a><\/sup>. <\/p>\n<h3>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u062e \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u064a\u0629<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n<p>\u062a\u062a\u0645\u062a\u0639 \u0632\u0627\u0645\u0628\u064a\u0627 \u0628\u0645\u0646\u0627\u062e \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0651\u0644 \u0628\u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0646\u062d\u0647\u0627 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b \u0641\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u060c \u062a\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0647\u0637\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0637\u0627\u0631<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/place\/Zambia\/Climate\" title=\"28|britannica.com|2024\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[28]<\/a><\/sup>. \u064a\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0641\u0626 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0637\u0631 \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0648\u0641\u0645\u0628\u0631 \u0648\u064a\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0623\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0644\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0647\u0637\u0644 \u0623\u0645\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u063a\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0648\u062d \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 27 \u064832 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/zambia\/geography\/\" title=\"29|cia.gov|2024\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[29]<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p>\n<p>\u064a\u0644\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0641\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0645\u062a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0627\u064a\u0648 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u063a\u0633\u0637\u0633\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0647 \u0644\u0637\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0634\u0645\u0633\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0648\u062d \u0628\u064a\u0646 10 \u064825 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644\u0647 \u0648\u0642\u062a\u0627\u064b \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0647\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u062a\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0628\u0642\u064a\u0629<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nationalgeographic.com\/travel\/destinations\/africa\/zambia\/when-to-visit\/\" title=\"30|nationalgeographic.com|2023\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[30]<\/a><\/sup>. \u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0641\u060c \u0641\u064a\u0633\u0648\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0633\u0628\u062a\u0645\u0628\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0628\u0631\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0634\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0627\u064b \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0642\u062f \u062a\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 35 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0641\u064a\u0641 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0628\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.worldbank.org\/en\/country\/zambia\/overview\" title=\"31|worldbank.org|2023\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[31]<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p>\n<p>\u062a\u062a\u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0632\u0627\u0645\u0628\u064a\u0627 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0632\u0627\u064a\u062f \u0628\u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u062e\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0642\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0641\u0627\u0641 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0636\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0646<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.un.org\/sustainabledevelopment\/blog\/2023\/10\/climate-change-is-exacerbating-food-insecurity-in-zambia\/\" title=\"32|un.org|2023\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[32]<\/a><\/sup>. \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0639\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0637\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0630\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0648\u0633\u0628\u0644 \u0639\u064a\u0634 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0645\u0628\u064a\u064a\u0646<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.imf.org\/en\/News\/Articles\/2023\/07\/21\/CF-Zambia-and-climate-change\" title=\"33|imf.org|2023\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[33]<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p>\n<p>\u0644\u0630\u0627\u060c \u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u0645\u0639 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u062e\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u062e\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0648\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0644\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0648\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/markets\/commodities\/zambia-turns-climate-smart-agriculture-amid-food-insecurity-2023-09-20\/\" title=\"34|reuters.com|2023\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[34]<\/a><\/sup>. <\/p>\n<h3>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0629<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n<p>\u062a\u0641\u062a\u062e\u0631 \u0632\u0627\u0645\u0628\u064a\u0627 \u0628\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0648\u0637\u0646\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0623\u062d\u062f \u0623\u063a\u0646\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0628\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0628\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u063a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0641\u0627\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0633\u0639\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0637\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0646\u0642\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u064a\u0642\u0629<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nationalgeographic.com\/travel\/article\/zambia-wildlife-wetlands-birding\" title=\"35|nationalgeographic.com|2023\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[35]<\/a><\/sup>. \u062a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0646\u0632\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0645\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u063a\u0637\u064a \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u0631\u0628 \u0645\u0646 30% \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f\u060c \u0645\u0644\u0627\u0630\u0627\u062a \u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0631\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062c\u0630\u0628 \u0622\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u062d \u0633\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0627\u064b<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.zambiatourism.com\/destinations\/national-parks\/\" title=\"36|zambiatourism.com|2024\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[36]<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p>\n<figure class=\"geo-img-inline\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/0\/00\/African_fish_eagle%2C_Haliaeetus_vocifer%2C_at_Chobe_National_Park%2C_Botswana_%2833516612831%29.jpg\" alt=\"\u0632\u0627\u0645\u0628\u064a\u0627\" loading=\"lazy\"><figcaption>\u0646\u0633\u0631 \u0633\u0645\u0643 \u0623\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0623\u0647\u0628 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u062f\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u062a\u0634\u0648\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0648\u062a\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0627.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>\u062a\u0632\u062e\u0631 \u0632\u0627\u0645\u0628\u064a\u0627 \u0628\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u062f\u064a\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u064a\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0648\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0647\u0648\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0648\u0633\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0628\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0628\u0633 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0628\u0634\u0648\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0628\u0623\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0645\u0647\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0647\u0648\u0644 \u0643\u0627\u0641\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0636\u064a\u0629<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/place\/Zambia\/Animal-life\" title=\"37|britannica.com|2024\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[37]<\/a><\/sup>. \u0648\u062a\u064f\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0648\u0637\u0646 \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0646\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u062d\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0648\u062d\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u062e\u0636\u0639 \u0644\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0635\u0627\u0631\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0623\u0647\u064a\u0644\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.worldbank.org\/en\/news\/press-release\/2022\/07\/04\/zambia-secures-funding-to-protect-wildlife-and-tourism\" title=\"38|worldbank.org|2022\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[38]<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p>\n<p>\u062a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0632\u0627\u0645\u0628\u064a\u0627 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u064b \u062c\u0646\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0648\u0631\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0636\u0645 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 750 \u0646\u0648\u0639\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0648\u0631\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0646\u0633\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0643\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u062c\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u062c\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0641 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0637\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0645\u0628\u064a\u0629<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.zambiatourism.com\/activities\/birding\/\" title=\"39|zambiatourism.com|2024\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[39]<\/a><\/sup>. \u062a\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0628\u0631\u0632\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0648\u062a\u062f\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.aljazeera.net\/environment\/2021\/10\/24\/%D8%A3%D9%81%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%82%D9%8A%D8%A7-%D8%AA%D9%81%D9%82%D8%AF-%D8%AD%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA%D9%87%D8%A7-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AB%D9%85%D9%8A%D9%86%D8%A9\" title=\"40|aljazeera.net|2021\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[40]<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p>\n<p>\u0644\u0630\u0627\u060c \u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0645\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u062d\u0641\u0638 \u0637\u0645\u0648\u062d\u0629\u060c \u062a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0641\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0648\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0641\u0631\u0635 \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0644\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0631\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u062c\u064a\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0645\u0629<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.un.org\/en\/observances\/wildlife-day\/zambia-conservation\" title=\"41|un.org|2023\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[41]<\/a><\/sup>. <\/p>\n<h3>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0631\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n<p>\u062a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0632\u0627\u0645\u0628\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u063a\u0646\u0649 \u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u062c\u0639\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0639\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0629<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/place\/Zambia\/Economy\" title=\"42|britannica.com|2024\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[42]<\/a><\/sup>. \u064a\u0647\u064a\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0627\u0633 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u062b\u0631\u0648\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u062d\u0632\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0645\u0628\u064a \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0627\u0633 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.worldbank.org\/en\/country\/zambia\/overview\" title=\"43|worldbank.org|2023\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[43]<\/a><\/sup>. \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0627\u0633\u060c \u062a\u0632\u062e\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f \u0628\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0646 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0645\u0647\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0637\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0646\u0643 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0635\u0627\u0635 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u062d\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0631\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u062a<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/zambia\/economy\/\" title=\"44|cia.gov|2024\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[44]<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p>\n<p>\u0644\u0642\u062f \u0634\u0643\u0644\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0631\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0645\u0628\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0627 \u0632\u0627\u0644\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0631\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0630\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.imf.org\/en\/Countries\/ZMB\" title=\"45|imf.org|2023\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[45]<\/a><\/sup>. \u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0645\u0628\u064a \u0639\u0631\u0636\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0633\u0639\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/markets\/commodities\/zambias-economy-faces-headwinds-copper-prices-fall-analysts-2023-08-10\/\" title=\"46|reuters.com|2023\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[46]<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p>\n<p>\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0646\u060c \u062a\u0645\u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0632\u0627\u0645\u0628\u064a\u0627 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0647\u0627\u0626\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u063a\u0637\u064a \u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0630\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u062f\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0629<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/place\/Zambia\/Agriculture-forestry-and-fishing\" title=\"47|britannica.com|2024\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[47]<\/a><\/sup>. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0632\u062e\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f \u0628\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0645\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0641\u064a\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0630\u0643\u0631\u0646\u0627 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0647\u0627\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.worldbank.org\/en\/country\/zambia\/overview\" title=\"48|worldbank.org|2023\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[48]<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p>\n<p>\u062a\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0639\u0648\u062f \u0641\u0648\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0641\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u060c \u0648\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u0644\u0629 \u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644\u0629<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.aljazeera<\/p>\n<h2>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f<\/h2>\n<p> \u062a\u064f\u0639\u062f\u0651 \u0632\u0627\u0645\u0628\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0628\u0642\u0644\u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0628\u0636 \u0641\u064a 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\u0648\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0627\u0633\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u064f\u0645\u062b\u0651\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631\u064a \u0644\u0639\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u0633\u0639\u0649 \u062d\u062b\u064a\u062b\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u062a\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0639 \u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062c\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0632\u062f\u0647\u0627\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0634\u0639\u0628\u0647\u0627 <sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.worldbank.org\/en\/country\/zambia\/overview\" title=\"1|World Bank|2024\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[1]<\/a><\/sup>. \u062a\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647 \u0632\u0627\u0645\u0628\u064a\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062c\u0645\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0642\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0633\u0639\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u062e\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0628\u062a\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0648\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u0631\u0635 \u0646\u0645\u0648 <sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.imf.org\/en\/Countries\/ZMB\" title=\"2|IMF|2024\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[2]<\/a><\/sup>. <\/p>\n<h3>\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a: \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0627\u0633 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0646<\/h3>\n<figure class=\"geo-img-inline\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/a\/a4\/GDP_per_capita_%28current%29%2C_%25_of_world_average%2C_1960-2012%3B_Zimbabwe%2C_South_Africa%2C_Botswana%2C_Zambia%2C_Mozambique.png\" alt=\"\u0632\u0627\u0645\u0628\u064a\u0627\" loading=\"lazy\"><figcaption>\u0645\u062e\u0637\u0637 \u064a\u0648\u0636\u062d \u0646\u0635\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0643\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628 \u0625\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0632\u0627\u0645\u0628\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u064a 1960 \u06482012. \u064a\u064f\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0627\u0633 \u0639\u0635\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0632\u0627\u0645\u0628\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0641\u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0632\u0627\u0644 \u064a\u062f\u0641\u0639 \u0639\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f \u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0639\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0629. \u062a\u064f\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0632\u0627\u0645\u0628\u064a\u0627 \u0628\u0640&quot;\u062d\u0632\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0627\u0633&quot; \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0647\u064a\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u063a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0646 \u062a\u0645\u062a\u062f \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0639 \u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0646\u063a\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u064f\u0639\u062f\u0651 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0627\u0633 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 &lt;sup class=&quot;ref&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/place\/Zambia\/Economy&quot; title=&quot;3|Britannica|2024&quot;&gt;[3<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p><\/a><\/sup>. \u0644\u0642\u062f \u0644\u0639\u0628\u062a \u0639\u0648\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0627\u0633 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u062d\u0627\u0633\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0645\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647 \u062c\u0639\u0644\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0645\u0628\u064a \u0639\u0631\u0636\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0639\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629. \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u063a\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0627\u0633 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0632\u0627\u0645\u0628\u064a\u0627 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0646\u060c \u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631\u062a \u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u062a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639\u064b\u0627 \u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u064b\u0627 \u064a\u0636\u0645 \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629. \u064a\u064f\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0628\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0648\u064a\u064f\u0648\u0641\u0651\u0631 \u0641\u0631\u0635 \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0644\u0622\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0645\u0628\u064a\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0633\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u062c\u0645 \u0623\u0648 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0646 <sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/zambia\/\" title=\"4|CIA World Factbook|2024\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[4]<\/a><\/sup>. \u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u062a\u064f\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0642\u0636\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062e\u0627\u0648\u0641 \u0645\u062a\u0632\u0627\u064a\u062f\u0629\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u064f\u0639\u062f\u0651 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0635\u0627\u0631\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629. \u062a\u064f\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0646\u0642\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0642\u060c \u0639\u0627\u0626\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0644\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0646. \u062a\u0633\u0639\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0645\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0630\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0646\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639\u060c \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0644\u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0631\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0646 \u0648\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639\u0647\u0627 <sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/markets\/commodities\/zambia-seeks-boost-copper-output-attract-investment-2023-09-26\/\" title=\"5|Reuters|2023\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[5]<\/a><\/sup>. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u064f\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0648\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0627\u0633 \u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u062f\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0635\u062f\u064a\u0631\u0647 \u0643\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062e\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u064f\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u064f\u0648\u0641\u0651\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0641\u0631\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0648\u064a\u0639\u0632\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a. \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0632\u0627\u0645\u0628\u064a\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0627\u0633 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0647\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u062a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0647\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0637\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629. \u064a\u064f\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0632\u0627\u0645\u0628\u064a\u0627 \u0643\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0628 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u060c \u0648\u064a\u064f\u0642\u062f\u0651\u0645 \u0641\u0631\u0635\u064b\u0627 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0639 \u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u062e\u0644 <sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/place\/Zambia\/Economy\" title=\"6|Britannica|2024\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[6]<\/a><\/sup>. \u062a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0628\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0631\u0624\u064a\u0629 \u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0649 \u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u0648\u0649 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u062c\u064a\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629. \u062a\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647 \u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0632\u0627\u0645\u0628\u064a\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0648\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0647\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0622\u0645\u0646\u0629. \u062a\u064f\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u064a\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u062c\u0645\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0639\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 <sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.worldbank.org\/en\/country\/zambia\/overview\" title=\"7|World Bank|2024\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[7]<\/a><\/sup>. \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0648\u062f \u062a\u064f\u0639\u0632\u0651\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u060c \u0648\u062a\u064f\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629. \u062a\u064f\u0639\u062f\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0641\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0645\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0641\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0633\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u064f\u0641\u064a\u062f \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0631\u0648\u0627\u062a \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0634\u0631\u0627\u0626\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639. \u062a\u064f\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643 \u0632\u0627\u0645\u0628\u064a\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0641\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0631\u0627\u062c\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u064f\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a <sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.imf.org\/en\/Countries\/ZMB\" title=\"8|IMF|2024\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[8]<\/a><\/sup>. \u0625\u0646\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0634\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0627\u062d \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0631\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0629. \u062a\u064f\u0633\u0647\u0645 \u0623\u0633\u0639\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0645\u0628\u064a\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u064f\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0627\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0636\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629. \u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u062a\u0633\u0639\u0649 \u0632\u0627\u0645\u0628\u064a\u0627 \u062c\u0627\u0647\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0627\u0633 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0639 \u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649\u060c \u0644\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 <sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/markets\/commodities\/zambia-seeks-boost-copper-output-attract-investment-2023-09-26\/\" title=\"9|Reuters|2023\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[9]<\/a><\/sup>. \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0639 \u064a\u064f\u0639\u062f\u0651 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u0627\u0633\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644. \u062a\u064f\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0631\u0648\u0636\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u064f\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u064f\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0645\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u0648\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646\u0651 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u062c\u0630\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0646\u0628\u064a \u0648\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0635\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0628\u0627\u062d \u064a\u064f\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u064b\u0627 <sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/zambia\/\" title=\"10|CIA World Factbook|2024\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[10]<\/a><\/sup>. \u062a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0635\u064a\u0627\u063a\u0629 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0636\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u064f\u0634\u062c\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631. \u062a\u064f\u0639\u062f\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u0648\u0649\u060c \u0644\u062a\u0645\u0643\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0645\u0628\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u0631\u0635 \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0648\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0628\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0646\u0628\u064a\u0629. \u062a\u064f\u0646\u0641\u0651\u0630 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u0648\u062a\u0623\u0647\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0644\u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u062c\u0645 <sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.worldbank.org\/en\/country\/zambia\/overview\" title=\"11|World Bank|2024\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[11]<\/a><\/sup>. \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062a\u064f\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0633\u0629. \u062a\u064f\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 2026 \u0623\u0646 \u0632\u0627\u0645\u0628\u064a\u0627 \u0633\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0632\u0627\u064a\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0636\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a \u0648\u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629. \u064a\u064f\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u064f\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u062e\u0644\u0642 \u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0629\u060c \u062a\u064f\u0644\u0628\u0651\u064a \u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644 <sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.imf.org\/en\/Countries\/ZMB\" title=\"12|IMF|2024\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[12]<\/a><\/sup>. \u064a\u064f\u0639\u062f\u0651 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0636\u0631 \u062e\u0637\u0648\u0629 \u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0629. <\/p>\n<h3>\u0627\u0644\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0629: \u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0648\u0648\u0641\u0631\u0629<\/h3>\n<figure class=\"geo-img-inline\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/d\/d8\/Batonga_women.png\" alt=\"\u0632\u0627\u0645\u0628\u064a\u0627\" loading=\"lazy\"><figcaption>\u0635\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0633\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a\u0648\u0646\u063a\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628 \u0632\u0627\u0645\u0628\u064a\u0627\u060c \u064a\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0623\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a. \u062a\u0645\u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0632\u0627\u0645\u0628\u064a\u0627 \u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0632\u0631\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u0627\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0623\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0633\u0644\u0629 \u063a\u0630\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629. \u062a\u064f\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0631\u0632\u0642 \u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 60% \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0648\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u064f\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645 \u0628\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0647\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0635\u0644 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 &lt;sup class=&quot;ref&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/www.worldbank.org\/en\/country\/zambia\/overview&quot; title=&quot;13|World Bank|2024&quot;&gt;[13<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p><\/a><\/sup>. \u062a\u064f\u0639\u062f\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0630\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u064f\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0630\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0645\u0628\u064a\u060c \u0648\u062a\u064f\u0632\u0631\u0639 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0646\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u063a \u0648\u0642\u0635\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0631. \u062a\u064f\u0639\u062f\u0651 \u0642\u0636\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0630\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0632\u0627\u0645\u0628\u064a\u0627\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u064f\u0628\u0630\u0644 \u062c\u0647\u0648\u062f \u062d\u062b\u064a\u062b\u0629 \u0644\u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0630\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639\u0647 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644. \u062a\u064f\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0645\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0630\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0639\u0648\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0631\u0634\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 <sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/zambia\/\" title=\"14|CIA World Factbook|2024\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[14]<\/a><\/sup>. \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062a\u064f\u0639\u0632\u0651\u0632 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0643\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a. \u062a\u064f\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u062e\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0632\u0627\u0645\u0628\u064a\u0627\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u064f\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0641\u0627\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0636\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0632\u0627\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u0641\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0631\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629. \u062a\u064f\u0631\u0643\u0651\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0648\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0632\u0631\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u062e\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0630\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u062d\u0633\u0651\u0646\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0641\u0627\u0641\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0631\u064a \u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 \u0648\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062f\u0631 <sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.un.org\/sustainabledevelopment\/blog\/2023\/10\/zambia-climate-action\/\" title=\"15|UN|2023\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[15]<\/a><\/sup>. \u062a\u064f\u0639\u062f\u0651 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0627\u0633\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0630\u0627\u0626\u064a. \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0631\u0629\u060c \u062a\u064f\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0632\u0627\u0645\u0628\u064a\u0627 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0633\u0627\u0641\u0627\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062f\u062e\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0635\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u064f\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0639 \u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0630\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0639\u064a\u0646. \u062a\u064f\u0639\u062f\u0651 \u0632\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0642\u0635\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u064f\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u0631\u0635 \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0648\u062a\u064f\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0647\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064f\u0635\u062f\u0651\u0631 <sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/place\/Zambia\/Economy\" title=\"16|Britannica|2024\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[16]<\/a><\/sup>. \u064a\u064f\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u064f\u0639\u0632\u0651\u0632 \u0645\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0639\u064a. \u062a\u064f\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0631\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062c\u0632\u0621\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u062c\u0632\u0623 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0645\u0628\u064a\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u064f\u0631\u0628\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0634\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u063a\u0646\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0632 \u0644\u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0645 \u0648\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0646. \u062a\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647 \u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0634\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0646\u0642\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0639\u064a \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u062a\u062d\u0635\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0644\u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0629 <sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.worldbank.org\/en\/country\/zambia\/overview\" title=\"17|World Bank|2024\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[17]<\/a><\/sup>. \u062a\u064f\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0631\u0648\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0630\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0626\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629. \u062a\u064f\u0639\u062f\u0651 \u0645\u0635\u0627\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0643\u060c \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0628\u062d\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0642\u0627 \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0640\u0628\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0646\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0645\u0628\u064a\u0632\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0647\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0648\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0632\u0627\u0645\u0628\u064a\u0627. \u062a\u064f\u0628\u0630\u0644 \u062c\u0647\u0648\u062f \u0644\u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0641\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0644\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0644\u0644\u0623\u062c\u064a\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0645\u0629 <sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nationalgeographic.com\/animals\/fish\/facts\/tanganyika-cichlid\" title=\"18|National Geographic|2024\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[18]<\/a><\/sup>. \u062a\u064f\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0633\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0634 \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0630\u0627\u0621. \u062a\u064f\u0639\u062f\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0642 \u0648\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0632\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0631\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0642 \u0648\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0623\u0642\u0644 \u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629. \u062a\u064f\u0631\u0643\u0651\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0633\u0647\u064a\u0644 \u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0642\u062f \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0627\u062f\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u064f\u0639\u0632\u0651\u0632 \u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0630\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 <sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.imf.org\/en\/Countries\/ZMB\" title=\"19|IMF|2024\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[19]<\/a><\/sup>. \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062a\u064f\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0639\u064a. \u062a\u064f\u0639\u062f\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0623\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0645\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0627\u0639\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0639\u064a\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u064f\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0632\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0629. \u062a\u064f\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u062f\u0639\u0645 \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0623\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0639\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0633\u0647\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0626\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a\u060c \u0644\u062a\u0645\u0643\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0646 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u064b\u0627 <sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.un.org\/sustainabledevelopment\/blog\/2023\/10\/zambia-climate-action\/\" title=\"20|UN|2023\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[20]<\/a><\/sup>. \u064a\u064f\u0639\u062f\u0651 \u062a\u0645\u0643\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0623\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u062d\u062c\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629. \u062a\u064f\u0633\u0639\u0649 \u0632\u0627\u0645\u0628\u064a\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0644\u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0646\u0628\u064a\u0629. \u062a\u064f\u0631\u0643\u0651\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0648\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0633\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 <sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.worldbank.org\/en\/country\/zambia\/overview\" title=\"21|World Bank|2024\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[21]<\/a><\/sup>. \u064a\u064f\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u064f\u0639\u0632\u0651\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0648\u064a\u064f\u0648\u0641\u0651\u0631 \u0641\u0631\u0635 \u0639\u0645\u0644. \u064a\u064f\u0634\u062c\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f. \u062a\u064f\u0628\u0630\u0644 \u062c\u0647\u0648\u062f \u0644\u062a\u0628\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0639. \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u064f\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0644 <sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/markets\/commodities\/zambia-seeks-boost-copper-output-attract-investment-2023-09-26\/\" title=\"22|Reuters|2023\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[22]<\/a><\/sup>. \u062a\u064f\u0639\u062f\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0645\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0633\u0639\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0647\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0634\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0634\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u064f\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a. \u062a\u064f\u0631\u0643\u0651\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0648\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0641\u062d\u0629 \u0625\u0632\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0634\u062c\u064a\u0639 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u062c\u064a\u0631 \u0644\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f <sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nationalgeographic.com\/environment\/article\/deforestation\" title=\"23|National Geographic|2024\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[23]<\/a><\/sup>. \u062a\u064f\u0639\u062f\u0651 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a. \u062a\u064f\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0633\u064a\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632\u0629 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0645\u0628\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u062a\u0632\u0627\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629. \u064a\u064f\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u064f\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0632\u0627\u0645\u0628\u064a\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0625\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0630\u0627\u0626\u064a\u060c \u0648\u062a\u064f\u0639\u0632\u0651\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0630\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f \u0628\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0623\u0633\u0631\u0647\u0627 <sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.imf.org\/en\/Countries\/ZMB\" title=\"24|IMF|2024\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[24]<\/a><\/sup>. <\/p>\n<h3>\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647: \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0646\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0645\u0628\u064a\u0632\u064a<\/h3>\n<figure class=\"geo-img-inline\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/2\/2d\/Cataratas_Victoria%2C_Zambia-Zimbabue%2C_2018-07-27%2C_DD_05.jpg\" alt=\"\u0632\u0627\u0645\u0628\u064a\u0627\" loading=\"lazy\"><figcaption>\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0644\u0634\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u064a\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0645\u0628\u064a\u0632\u064a\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0632\u0627\u0645\u0628\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0632\u064a\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0628\u0648\u064a. \u064a\u064f\u0639\u062f\u0651 \u0646\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0645\u0628\u064a\u0632\u064a \u0634\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0644\u0632\u0627\u0645\u0628\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0643\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0630\u0628\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0643\u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a \u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f. \u062a\u064f\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0632\u0627\u0645\u0628\u064a\u0627\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u064f\u0633\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0633\u062f \u0643\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0640\u0628\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0621 &lt;sup class=&quot;ref&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/place\/Zambia\/Economy&quot; title=&quot;25|Britannica|2024&quot;&gt;[25<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p><\/a><\/sup>. \u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u062a\u064f\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0641\u0627\u0641 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629. \u062a\u064f\u0639\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0632\u0627\u0645\u0628\u064a\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0642\u0635 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0645\u062f\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0621\u060c \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0632\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u064a\u0641\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642 \u0644\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0621. \u062a\u064f\u0628\u0630\u0644 \u062c\u0647\u0648\u062f \u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u062b\u064a\u062b\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0639 \u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0632\u0627\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0632\u0644\u064a <sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.worldbank.org\/en\/country\/zambia\/overview\" title=\"26|World Bank|2024\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[26]<\/a><\/sup>. \u064a\u064f\u0639\u062f\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0623\u0645\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631. \u062a\u064f\u0631\u0643\u0651\u0632 \u0632\u0627\u0645\u0628\u064a\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0639 \u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0647\u0627\u060c \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0638\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u062e\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0631. \u062a\u064f\u0634\u062c\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062c\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062d\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0645\u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f \u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u062f\u0647\u0627 <sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.un.org\/sustainabledevelopment\/blog\/2023\/10\/zambia-climate-action\/\" title=\"27|UN|2023\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[27]<\/a><\/sup>. \u064a\u064f\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u064f\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0629. \u062a\u064f\u0639\u062f\u0651 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0630\u0628\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0632\u0627\u0645\u0628\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0641\u064a\u0631\u0629\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u064f\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062c\u0632\u0621\u064b\u0627 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0636\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f. \u062a\u064f\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0644\u0623\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u064f\u0639\u062f\u0651 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0623\u0645\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0645\u062a\u0647\u0627. \u062a\u064f\u0631\u0643\u0651\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0648\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0648\u062b <sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/zambia\/\" title=\"28|CIA World Factbook|2024\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[28]<\/a><\/sup>. \u064a\u064f\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0633\u062f \u0643\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0640\u0628\u0627\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062a\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643 \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0632\u0627\u0645\u0628\u064a\u0627 \u0645\u0639 \u0632\u064a\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0628\u0648\u064a\u060c \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u060c \u0648\u064a\u064f\u0639\u062f\u0651 \u0631\u0645\u0632\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629. \u064a\u064f\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062f \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0621 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646\u0651\u0647 \u064a\u062a\u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631 \u0628\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0647\u0637\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0648\u0636 \u0646\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0645\u0628\u064a\u0632\u064a <sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/place\/Zambia\/Economy\" title=\"29|Britannica|2024\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[29]<\/a><\/sup>. \u062a\u064f\u0639\u062f\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0623\u0645\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u062d\u0627\u0633\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a. \u062a\u064f\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u064b\u0627\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062c\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0631\u0624\u0648\u0633 \u0623\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u0636\u062e\u0645\u0629. \u062a\u064f\u0633\u0639\u0649 \u0632\u0627\u0645\u0628\u064a\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0630\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 <sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.imf.org\/en\/Countries\/ZMB\" title=\"30|IMF|2024\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[30]<\/a><\/sup>. \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644. \u062a\u064f\u0633\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u062d\u0637\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u062d\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u0627\u062a\u064a\u060c \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0632\u0644\u060c \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u062a\u064f\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0645\u062e\u0627\u0648\u0641 \u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0625\u0632\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0648\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0626\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0639\u064a \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0644\u062a\u0634\u062c\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0646\u0638\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0629 <sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nationalgeographic.com\/environment\/article\/deforestation\" title=\"31|National Geographic|2024\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[31]<\/a><\/sup>. \u062a\u064f\u0639\u062f\u0651 \u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u064f\u0631\u0643\u0651\u0632 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0632\u0627\u0645\u0628\u064a\u0627 \u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0627\u0643 \u0648\u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0631. \u062a\u064f\u0646\u0641\u0651\u0630 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0644\u062a\u0631\u0634\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0632\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0634\u062c\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0641\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629. \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062a\u064f\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f <sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.worldbank.org\/en\/country\/zambia\/overview\" title=\"32|World Bank|2024\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[32]<\/a><\/sup>. \u062a\u064f\u0639\u062f\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0623\u0645\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a\u064b\u0627\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u064f\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643 \u0632\u0627\u0645\u0628\u064a\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0644\u0631\u0628\u0637 \u0634\u0628\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0631\u0629. \u062a\u064f\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u064f\u0639\u0632\u0651\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u064a\u064f\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 <sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/markets\/commodities\/zambia-seeks-boost-copper-output-attract-investment-2023-09-26\/\" title=\"33|Reuters|2023\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[33]<\/a><\/sup>. \u064a\u064f\u0639\u062f\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a \u062e\u0637\u0648\u0629 \u0645\u0647\u0645\u0629 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0629. \u062a\u064f\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 2026 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0632\u0627\u0645\u0628\u064a\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0639 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062c\u062f\u062f\u0629\u060c \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0644\u062a\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0632\u0627\u064a\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062b\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629. \u062a\u064f\u0639\u062f\u0651 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u062c\u0632\u0621\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645 \u0632\u0627\u0645\u0628\u064a\u0627 \u0628\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u062f\u064a \u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u062e\u064a <sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.imf.org\/en\/Countries\/ZMB\" title=\"34|IMF|2024\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[34]<\/a><\/sup>. \u064a\u064f\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u064f\u0639\u0632\u0651\u0632 \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0632\u0627\u0645\u0628\u064a\u0627 \u0643\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0631\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0641\u0629. <\/p>\n<h3>\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0629: \u062c\u0648\u0647\u0631\u0629 \u0625\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0627 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0634\u0641\u0629<\/h3>\n<figure class=\"geo-img-inline\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/0\/00\/African_fish_eagle%2C_Haliaeetus_vocifer%2C_at_Chobe_National_Park%2C_Botswana_%2833516612831%29.jpg\" alt=\"\u0632\u0627\u0645\u0628\u064a\u0627\" loading=\"lazy\"><figcaption>\u0639\u0642\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a \u0645\u0647\u064a\u0628 \u064a\u0642\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u063a\u0635\u0646 \u0634\u062c\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u062f\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u062a\u0634\u0648\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0648\u062a\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0627. \u062a\u064f\u0639\u062f\u0651 \u0632\u0627\u0645\u0628\u064a\u0627 \u0643\u0646\u0632\u064b\u0627 \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u064a\u0632\u062e\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0643\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0638\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0628\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u064f\u0624\u0647\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649\u060c \u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u064f\u0633\u062a\u063a\u0644 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u0639\u062f. \u062a\u064f\u0639\u062f\u0651 \u0634\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u064a\u0628\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u064f\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u0645 &quot;\u0645\u0648\u0633\u064a \u0623\u0648\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0627&quot; \u0623\u0648 &quot;\u0627\u0644\u062f\u062e\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u064f\u0631\u0639\u062f&quot;\u060c \u0625\u062d\u062f\u0649 \u0639\u062c\u0627\u0626\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0639\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u062a\u064f\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u062c\u0630\u0628 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u062d \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0623\u0646\u062d\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 &lt;sup class=&quot;ref&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https:\/\/www.nationalgeographic.com\/travel\/article\/victoria-falls&quot; title=&quot;35|National Geographic|2024&quot;&gt;[35<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p><\/a><\/sup>. \u062a\u064f\u0642\u062f\u0651\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u062a\u062c\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u064f\u0646\u0633\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629. \u062a\u064f\u0634\u062a\u0647\u0631 \u0632\u0627\u0645\u0628\u064a\u0627 \u0628\u062d\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0642\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0645\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u064f\u0624\u0648\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639\u064b\u0627 \u0647\u0627\u0626\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0645\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0627\u0631&#8221; (\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0648\u062f\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0648\u0633\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0631\u060c \u0648\u062d\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646). \u062a\u064f\u0639\u062f\u0651 \u062d\u062f\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628 \u0644\u0648\u0627\u0646\u062c\u0648\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0641\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0628\u0631\u0632 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0645\u064a\u0627\u062a\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u064f\u0642\u062f\u0651\u0645 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0628 \u0633\u0641\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0641\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u064f\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0647\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 <sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/place\/Zambia\/Economy\" title=\"36|Britannica|2024\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[36]<\/a><\/sup>. \u062a\u064f\u0639\u062f\u0651 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0645\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0636\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0639\u064a \u062c\u0647\u0648\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u062d\u062b\u064a\u062b\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627. \u062a\u064f\u0639\u062f\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632\u0629 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0632\u0627\u0645\u0628\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u064f\u0631\u0643\u0651\u0632 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0628 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u064f\u062d\u062a\u0631\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u064f\u0641\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629. \u062a\u064f\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0632\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u062e\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0642\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u064f\u0634\u062c\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0648\u0627\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u062a\u064f\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u064a\u0646 <sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.worldbank.org\/en\/country\/zambia\/overview\" title=\"37|World Bank|2024\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[37]<\/a><\/sup>. \u064a\u064f\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u064f\u0639\u0632\u0651\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0629. \u062a\u064f\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647 \u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0632\u0627\u0645\u0628\u064a\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0646\u0642\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0628\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u062a\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0631. \u062a\u064f\u0633\u0639\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0633\u0647\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0648\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0644\u062c\u0630\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0648\u0627\u0631 <sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/zambia\/\" title=\"38|CIA World Factbook|2024\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[38]<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p>\n<h2>\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645<\/h2>\n<p>\u062a\u0646\u0628\u0636 \u0632\u0627\u0645\u0628\u064a\u0627 \u0628\u0642\u0644\u0628 \u0623\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0639\u062f \u0648\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0646 \u064a\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0639\u0646 \u0645\u063a\u0627\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0635\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0645\u0633\u0647 \u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u062a\u062c\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0628\u0647\u0649 \u0635\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0627 <sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nationalgeographic.com\" title=\"1|National Geographic|2024\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[1]<\/a><\/sup>. \u0644\u0642\u062f \u0634\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u062d\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0637\u0631\u062f\u0627\u064b \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631\u060c \u0645\u062f\u0639\u0648\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0628\u062c\u0647\u0648\u062f \u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u062b\u064a\u062b\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0633\u0647\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0643\u0646\u0648\u0632\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u062f \u0633\u0648\u0627\u0621 <sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.worldbank.org\" title=\"2|World Bank|2023\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[2]<\/a><\/sup>. \u0641\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u064f\u0635\u0646\u0641 \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0639\u062c\u0627\u0626\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0645\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0633\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0636\u0646 \u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639\u0627\u064b \u0628\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u064f\u0636\u0627\u0647\u0649\u060c \u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0632\u0627\u0645\u0628\u064a\u0627 \u062a\u062c\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062b\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0647\u062f\u0648\u0621\u060c \u0648\u062a\u064f\u0633\u0647\u0645 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0632\u0627\u064a\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u0631\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629 <sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.imf.org\" title=\"3|IMF|2025\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[3]<\/a><\/sup>. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u062b\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0648\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u064a\u0636\u064a\u0641\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0648\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0642\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0643\u0634\u0627\u0641 \u0641\u064a \u0622\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f. <\/p>\n<h3>\u0634\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627: \u0642\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0630\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u062d\u064a<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n<figure class=\"geo-img-inline\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/2\/2d\/Cataratas_Victoria%2C_Zambia-Zimbabue%2C_2018-07-27%2C_DD_05.jpg\" alt=\"\u0632\u0627\u0645\u0628\u064a\u0627\" loading=\"lazy\"><figcaption>\u0634\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u064a\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0645\u0628\u064a\u0632\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0632\u0627\u0645\u0628\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0632\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0628\u0648\u064a<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>\u062a\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0639 \u0634\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0648\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0627\u0633\u0645 &#8220;\u0645\u0648\u0633\u064a \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0627&#8221; \u0623\u064a &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u062f\u062e\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0631\u0639\u062f&#8221;\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0631\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0630\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u062d\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0632\u0627\u0645\u0628\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629\u064b \u0645\u0634\u0647\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0627\u064b \u064a\u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u064a\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a. \u062a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0636\u062e\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642 \u0646\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0645\u0628\u064a\u0632\u064a \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636 \u0636\u064a\u0642 \u0628\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u064a\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0639\u0646 1.7 \u0643\u064a\u0644\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631\u060c \u0644\u064a\u0633\u0642\u0637 \u0641\u064a \u0635\u062f\u0639 \u0639\u0645\u064a\u0642 \u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u064b \u0633\u062d\u0628\u0627\u064b \u0636\u062e\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0630\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0626\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0623\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0644 <sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.britannica.com\" title=\"4|Britannica|2024\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[4]<\/a><\/sup>. \u064a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0630\u0647\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0630\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0648\u0627\u0631 \u0633\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0639 \u0628\u0631\u0648\u0639\u062a\u0647. \u062a\u0639\u0648\u062f \u062a\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0643\u062a\u0644\u0646\u062f\u064a \u062f\u064a\u0641\u064a\u062f \u0644\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0646\u063a\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0631\u0622\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1855 \u0648\u0623\u0637\u0644\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0641\u064a\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627\u060c \u062a\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0647\u0627 <sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nationalgeographic.com\" title=\"5|National Geographic|2024\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[5]<\/a><\/sup>. \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0632\u0627\u0644 \u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631 \u0644\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0646\u063a\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0643\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u062a\u0644\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0648\u0627\u0631\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u064f\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u064a\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0641\u0631\u0635\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0627 \u062d\u0635\u0631 \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0627\u0645\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0643\u0634\u0627\u0641 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a \u0648\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a \u063a\u0646\u064a. \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0632\u0648\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0639 \u0628\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0647\u062f\u0629 \u0642\u0648\u0633 \u0642\u0632\u062d \u0645\u0632\u062f\u0648\u062c \u064a\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0646\u0639\u0643\u0627\u0633 \u0623\u0634\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0633 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0630\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0627\u064a\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0634\u0647\u062f \u064a\u062a\u0631\u0643 \u0623\u062b\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0645\u064a\u0642\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0648\u0633. \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0631 \u062c\u0627\u0630\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0634\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0641\u062d\u0633\u0628\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u062a\u0645\u062a\u062f \u0644\u062a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u064f\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0632\u0648\u0627\u0631 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0628 \u0641\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0648\u0639\u0647\u0627. \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0634\u0647\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0641\u064a &#8220;\u062d\u0648\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646&#8221; (Devil&#8217;s Pool)\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0633\u0628\u062d \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a \u064a\u0642\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0648\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0641\u0627\u0641\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u062a\u062c\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u062c\u0631\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0630\u0647\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u062e\u0637\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 <sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nationalgeographic.com\" title=\"6|National Geographic|2024\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[6]<\/a><\/sup>. \u064a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0637 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062c\u0627\u0639\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u0645\u0646\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0646 \u0634\u0639\u0648\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u064f\u0646\u0633\u0649 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0628 \u0645\u0639 \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629. \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0627\u062d\u0629\u060c \u064a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u062f\u064a\u0641 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0645\u0628\u064a\u0632\u064a \u0623\u0633\u0641\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0645\u063a\u0627\u0645\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0627 \u0645\u062b\u064a\u0644 \u0644\u0647\u0627\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u064f\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0631 \u0628\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0646\u062d\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0649 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0627\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u062e\u0628\u0631\u0629. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0632\u0648\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0639 \u0628\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0631\u0628 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u063a\u0631\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0633 \u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0641\u0631\u0635\u0629 \u0631\u0627\u0626\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0647\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0636\u0641\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0631 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0633\u064a\u062d \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u064a\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0647\u064a \u062a\u0634\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 <sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.reuters.com\" title=\"7|Reuters|2023\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[7]<\/a><\/sup>. \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0648\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0627\u064b \u0648\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0623\u0643\u0645\u0644\u0647\u0627. \u0644\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0645 \u0625\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062c \u0634\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627 \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0644\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646\u0633\u0643\u0648\u060c \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 <sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.un.org\" title=\"8|UNESCO\/UN|2024\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[8]<\/a><\/sup>. \u062a\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0632\u0627\u0645\u0628\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0632\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0628\u0648\u064a\u060c \u0648\u062a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0627\u064b \u064a\u064f\u0633\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0644\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u0631\u0635 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0628\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f. \u064a\u0632\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u062d \u0643\u0644\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0639 \u0628\u0622\u0641\u0627\u0642 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0634\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0631\u0648\u0639\u062a\u0647\u0627. \u062a\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0632\u0627\u0645\u0628\u064a\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u064a\u062f\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062b\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0623\u062c\u064a\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0645\u0629. \u064a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0632\u0648\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0642\u0644\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u062d\u0629 <sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.worldbank.org\" title=\"9|World Bank|2023\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[9]<\/a><\/sup>. \u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0634\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062e\u0635 \u0632\u0627\u0645\u0628\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0647\u0627. \u062a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0644\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0646\u063a\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u0627\u064b \u0633\u064a\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0627\u064b \u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u064b\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646\u0627\u062f\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0632\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0627\u0639\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0629 <sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/arabic\" title=\"10|BBC Arabic|2023\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[10]<\/a><\/sup>. \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0632\u0648\u0627\u0631 \u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u0631\u062d\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0643\u0634\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u064a\u0637\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0645\u062a\u0646\u0632\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0644\u0645\u062d\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629. \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0625\u0631\u062b\u0627\u064b \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0627\u064b \u063a\u0646\u064a\u0627\u064b \u064a\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0643\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0641. \u062a\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0644\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0646\u063a\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0644\u062a\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0632\u0627\u064a\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u062d\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0633\u0647\u0644 \u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0648\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0623\u0646\u062d\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 <sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cia.gov\" title=\"11|CIA World Factbook|2024\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[11]<\/a><\/sup>. \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u062a\u062c\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0633\u0641\u0631 \u0633\u0644\u0633\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0631\u064a\u062d\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0634\u062c\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u062d \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0632\u0627\u0645\u0628\u064a\u0627 \u0643\u0648\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u063a\u0627\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u062a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062d\u062c\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062e\u0637\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f. \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u060c \u062a\u064f\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0634\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u064a\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u0631\u0635\u0627\u064b \u0631\u0627\u0626\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u064a\u0646. \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0632\u0648\u0627\u0631 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0646\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u064a\u062f\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0641\u0646\u0648\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u0647\u0627 <sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nationalgeographic.com\" title=\"12|National Geographic|2024\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[12]<\/a><\/sup>. \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062a \u062a\u064f\u062b\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u064f\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0631\u0624\u0649 \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0632\u0627\u0645\u0628\u064a\u0627. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u062a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0645\u0648\u0637\u0646\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u062c\u0646\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0648\u0631 \u0648\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u062a\u0648\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a. \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0647\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0647\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0644\u0642 \u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0645\u0628\u064a\u0632\u064a <sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.britannica.com\" title=\"13|Britannica|2024\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[13]<\/a><\/sup>. \u064a\u064f\u0636\u064a\u0641 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a \u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0647\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0639\u0634\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629. \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0644\u060c \u062a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0634\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0632\u0627\u0645\u0628\u064a\u0627 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u061b \u0625\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u062c\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u0642\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0627\u0645\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0629. \u0625\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062f\u0639\u0648\u0629 \u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0643\u0634\u0627\u0641 \u0642\u0644\u0628 \u0623\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0628\u0636 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0644\u062a\u0630\u0648\u0642 \u0631\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0628\u0647\u0649 \u0635\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u064f\u0646\u0633\u0649. <\/p>\n<h3>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0645\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0629<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n<figure class=\"geo-img-inline\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/0\/00\/African_fish_eagle%2C_Haliaeetus_vocifer%2C_at_Chobe_National_Park%2C_Botswana_%2833516612831%29.jpg\" alt=\"\u0632\u0627\u0645\u0628\u064a\u0627\" loading=\"lazy\"><figcaption>\u0646\u0633\u0631 \u0633\u0645\u0643 \u0623\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a \u0645\u0647\u064a\u0628\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0631\u0645\u0632 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>\u062a\u064f\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0645\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0632\u0627\u0645\u0628\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631\u064a \u0644\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u062a\u062c\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0633\u0641\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0623\u0635\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0641\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0648\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u064f\u0639\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0636\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0643\u0631. \u062a\u0632\u062e\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f \u0628\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0646\u0632\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u064f\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0628\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0630\u0647\u0644\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0645\u0648\u0637\u0646\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u062c\u0648\u0644 \u0628\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0634\u0627\u0633\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0645\u0633\u0647\u0627 \u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u062f\u0646 <sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nationalgeographic.com\" title=\"14|National Geographic|2024\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[14]<\/a><\/sup>. \u0625\u0646 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0646\u0632\u0647\u0627\u062a \u062a\u064f\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0641\u0631\u0635\u0629 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u064f\u0642\u062f\u0631 \u0628\u062b\u0645\u0646 \u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0647\u062f\u0629 &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0645\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0627\u0631&#8221; (\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u062f\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0647\u062f\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0644\u060c \u0648\u062d\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0648\u0633) \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0626\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0626\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629. \u064a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0645\u062a\u0646\u0632\u0647 \u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628 \u0644\u0648\u0627\u0646\u063a\u0648\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a (South Luangwa National Park) \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0623\u0628\u0631\u0632 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0646\u0632\u0647\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u064a\u064f\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 <sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.britannica.com\" title=\"15|Britannica|2024\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[15]<\/a><\/sup>. \u064a\u064f\u0634\u062a\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0646\u0632\u0647 \u0628\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0632\u0648\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0647\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0648\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0647\u0648\u062f \u0648\u0647\u064a \u062a\u0635\u0637\u0627\u062f \u0641\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0633\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u062c\u0646\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0644\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u062a\u062c\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u064f\u0628\u0631\u0632 \u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0648\u062d\u0634\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u064f\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0646\u0632\u0647 \u0628\u0643\u062b\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0647\u0648\u062f \u0641\u064a\u0647\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0641\u0631\u0635 \u0631\u0624\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0627. \u0645\u062a\u0646\u0632\u0647 \u0643\u0627\u0641\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a (Kafue National Park)\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0632\u0627\u0645\u0628\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u0646\u0632\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0627\u060c \u064a\u0645\u062a\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u062a\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0639\u0646 22,400 \u0643\u064a\u0644\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631 \u0645\u0631\u0628\u0639\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639\u0627\u064b \u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0630\u0647\u0644\u0627\u064b \u064a\u0636\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0647\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0637\u0628\u0629 <sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cia.gov\" title=\"16|CIA World Factbook|2024\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[16]<\/a><\/sup>. \u064a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0646\u0632\u0647 \u0645\u0648\u0637\u0646\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0628\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062f\u0631\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u064a\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0648\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0636. \u0625\u0646 \u0633\u0639\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0648\u0627\u0631 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0639 \u0628\u062a\u062c\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0628\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0639\u0632\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0647\u0627\u062f\u0626\u0629. \u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0645\u062a\u0646\u0632\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0645\u0628\u064a\u0632\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a (Lower Zambezi National Park)\u060c \u0641\u064a\u064f\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u062a\u062c\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0641\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0645\u0628\u064a\u0632\u064a <sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nationalgeographic.com\" title=\"17|National Geographic|2024\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[17]<\/a><\/sup>. \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0632\u0648\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0639 \u0628\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0631\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u062f\u064a\u0641 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0632\u0648\u0627\u0631\u0642 \u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0647\u062f\u0629 \u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0633\u064a\u062d \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u064a\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0647\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0631\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0631\u062d\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a. \u064a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0631 \u0634\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0646\u0632\u0647\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0638\u0631 \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0641\u0631\u0635\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u062a\u0648\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u064f\u0636\u0627\u0647\u0649. \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0632\u0627\u0645\u0628\u064a\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u062f\u064a\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u062d\u0633\u0628\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u062a\u0632\u062e\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0644\u0627 \u062d\u0635\u0631 \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0648\u0631\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u062c\u0646\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0648\u0631. \u062a\u064f\u0633\u062c\u0644 \u0632\u0627\u0645\u0628\u064a\u0627 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 750 \u0646\u0648\u0639\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0648\u0631\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0637\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u062c\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0647\u062f\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0646\u0632\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0637\u0628\u0629 <sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.britannica.com\" title=\"18|Britannica|2024\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[18]<\/a><\/sup>. \u064a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0646\u0633\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0632\u0627\u0645\u0628\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0645\u0634\u0647\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0634\u0627\u0626\u0639\u0627\u064b \u0648\u0645\u0644\u0647\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0636\u0641\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a. \u062a\u064f\u0628\u0630\u0644 \u062c\u0647\u0648\u062f \u062d\u062b\u064a\u062b\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0632\u0627\u0645\u0628\u064a\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0641\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u062f \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639\u060c \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629. \u062a\u064f\u0633\u0647\u0645 \u0639\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0645\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0648\u062f\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u062c\u064a\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0645\u0629 <sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.worldbank.org\" title=\"19|World Bank|2023\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[19]<\/a><\/sup>. \u062a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0632\u0627\u0645\u0628\u064a\u0627 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0647\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0638\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c. \u062a\u064f\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0632\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u062e\u0631\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0646\u0632\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0628 \u0625\u0642\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0632\u0648\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0639 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0642\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0629 <sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.reuters.com\" title=\"20|Reuters|2023\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[20]<\/a><\/sup>. \u062a\u064f\u0635\u0645\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0634\u0622\u062a \u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0645\u0631\u0634\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u062e\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0644\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u062a\u062c\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0633\u0641\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0622\u0645\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u062b\u0645\u0631\u0629. \u0625\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u064f\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0645\u0632\u064a\u062c\u0627\u064b \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0627\u0645\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0629. \u062a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0631\u062d\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0633\u064a\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0646\u0634\u0623\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0632\u0627\u0645\u0628\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0628\u0631\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u064f\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0646\u0632\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629. \u062a\u0633\u0645\u062d \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0644\u0632\u0648\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0633\u0628\u0642 \u0644\u0647 \u0645\u062b\u064a\u0644\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u0627\u062a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0642\u062f \u062a\u064f\u0641\u0648\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0631\u062d\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a <sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nationalgeographic.com\" title=\"21|National Geographic|2024\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[21]<\/a><\/sup>. \u064a\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0631\u0634\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646 \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639. \u062a\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0646\u0632\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0632\u0648\u0627\u0631. \u064a\u064f\u0633\u0647\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u062a\u062c\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0648\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u064a\u0634\u062c\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0623\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u062d\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0648\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a <sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.imf.org\" title=\"22|IMF|2025\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[22]<\/a><\/sup>. \u062a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0632\u0627\u0645\u0628\u064a\u0627 \u0643\u0648\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0631\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0629. \u062a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0645\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0632\u0627\u0645\u0628\u064a\u0627 \u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a \u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f \u0648\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0633\u064a\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0647\u064a \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0632 \u0628\u062d\u062b \u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0645\u0647\u0645\u0629 \u062a\u064f\u0633\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0623\u0639\u0645\u0642 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 <sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.un.org\" title=\"23|UNEP\/UN|2024\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[23]<\/a><\/sup>. \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0623\u0646\u062d\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0627. \u062a\u064f\u0633\u0647\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0648\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629. \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0645\u060c \u062a\u064f\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0645\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0632\u0627\u0645\u0628\u064a\u0627 \u062a\u062c\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u064f\u0646\u0633\u0649 \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u064a\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0639\u0646 \u0645\u063a\u0627\u0645\u0631\u0629 \u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0644\u0628 \u0623\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0627. \u0625\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062f\u0639\u0648\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0643\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0647\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0647\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0623\u063a\u0646\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645. \u062a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0646\u0632\u0647\u0627\u062a \u062c\u0648\u0647\u0631\u0629 \u0632\u0627\u0645\u0628\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0623 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0629. <\/p>\n<h3>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062b\u0631\u064a\u0629<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n<figure class=\"geo-img-inline\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/8\/85\/NsaluCave.jpg\" alt=\"\u0632\u0627\u0645\u0628\u064a\u0627\" loading=\"lazy\"><figcaption>\u0627\u0645\u0631\u0623\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u0623\u0645\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0641\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0635\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0643\u0647\u0641 \u0646\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0648\u060c \u0643\u0627\u0633\u0627\u0646\u0643\u0627\u060c \u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0632\u0627\u0645\u0628\u064a\u0627.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>\u062a\u062d\u062a\u0636\u0646 \u0632\u0627\u0645\u0628\u064a\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0637\u064a\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0627\u064b \u0648\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062b\u0627\u064b \u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0627\u064b \u063a\u0646\u064a\u0627\u064b \u064a\u0645\u062a\u062f \u0644\u0622\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u064f\u0636\u0641\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0648\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0645\u064a\u0642\u0627\u064b \u064a\u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0639 \u0628\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a. \u062a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f \u0645\u0648\u0637\u0646\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062b\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u064f\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0636\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0632\u062f\u0647\u0631\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644\u064a\u062f \u0648\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u064f\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u064a\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f <sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nationalgeographic.com\" title=\"24|National Geographic|2024\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[24]<\/a><\/sup>. \u064a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062b \u0623\u0645\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0625\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0645\u0628\u064a\u0629. \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0628\u0631\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062b\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0647\u0641 \u0646\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0648 (Nsalu Cave)\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0642\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0632\u0627\u0645\u0628\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0648\u064a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062e\u0631\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0627. \u064a\u064f\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0641 \u0631\u0633\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u062c\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0648\u062f \u0644\u0622\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u064a\u0646\u060c \u062a\u064f\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631 \u0648\u0623\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0637\u0627\u064b \u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644\u0627\u064b \u062f\u0627\u0645\u063a\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0643\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 <sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.britannica.com\" title=\"25|Britannica|2024\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[25]<\/a><\/sup>. \u062a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0646\u0627\u0641\u0630\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0648\u0623\u0631\u0648\u0627\u062d \u0623\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0644\u060c \u0648\u062a\u064f\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0631\u0624\u0649 \u0641\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0639\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0648\u0637\u0631\u0642 \u062d\u064a\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0634\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0643\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0628\u0648 (Kalambo Falls) \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639\u0627\u064b \u0623\u062b\u0631\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0630\u0627 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0643\u0634\u0641\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u062d\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u064f\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a \u064a\u0639\u0648\u062f \u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 250 \u0623\u0644\u0641 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0627 \u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u0649 <sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.un.org\" title=\"26|UNESCO\/UN|2024\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[26]<\/a><\/sup>. \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062b\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u0627 \u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0634\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a. \u062a\u064f\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0641\u0647\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u062c\u0632\u0621\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u062c\u0632\u0623 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0645\u0628\u064a\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u064f\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u0635 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u064a\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u064a\u0644. \u062a\u064f\u0631\u0648\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u0635 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0649 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u064f\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u062f\u0631\u0648\u0633\u0627\u064b \u0623\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u064f\u0639\u0632\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 <sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/arabic\" title=\"27|BBC Arabic|2023\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[27]<\/a><\/sup>. \u062a\u064f\u0633\u0647\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0645\u0628\u064a \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0647\u0648\u064a\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629. \u062a\u064f\u0634\u062a\u0647\u0631 \u0632\u0627\u0645\u0628\u064a\u0627 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0635\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u064f\u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0648\u062a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0641\u0631\u0635\u0629 \u0631\u0627\u0626\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0632\u0648\u0627\u0631 \u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0643\u062b\u0628. \u064a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0644 \u0643\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0628\u0648\u0643\u0627 (Kuomboka) \u0644\u0642\u0628\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0648\u0632\u064a (Lozi) \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0623\u0634\u0647\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u0632\u064a (\u0644\u064a\u062a\u0648\u0646\u062c\u0627) \u0648\u0642\u0635\u0631\u0650\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0647\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0636\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0645\u0648\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0631\u0636 \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0648\u0643\u0628 \u0645\u0647\u064a\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0648\u0627\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629 <sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nationalgeographic.com\" title=\"28|National Geographic|2024\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[28]<\/a><\/sup>. \u064a\u064f\u0631\u0645\u0632 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629. \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0644 \u0646\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627 (Nc&#8217;wala) \u0644\u0642\u0628\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0646\u063a\u0648\u0646\u064a (Ngoni) \u0641\u064a \u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0632\u0627\u0645\u0628\u064a\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0632\u0629\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u064f\u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0633\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u062d\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0648\u0627\u062d \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0641 <sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.aljazeera.net\" title=\"29|Al Jazeera|2023\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[29]<\/a><\/sup>. \u062a\u064f\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0644 \u0631\u0642\u0635\u0627\u062a \u0646\u063a\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0642\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u064f\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0632 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062b. \u062a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629. \u062a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u062f\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u062c\u0632\u0621\u0627\u064b \u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0645\u0628\u064a\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u064f\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0646\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u064a\u062f\u0648\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062d\u0648\u062a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0634\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0633\u0648\u062c\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0648\u0647\u0631\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0645\u0634\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0648\u0646\u0629 <sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.reuters.com\" title=\"30|Reuters|2023\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[30]<\/a><\/sup>. \u062a\u064f\u0628\u0627\u0639 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0637\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0642\u060c \u0648\u062a\u064f\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0632\u0648\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u0631\u0635\u0629 \u0644\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u062a\u0630\u0643\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0635\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0641\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u064a\u0646. \u0625\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u064f\u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0645\u0628\u064a. \u062a\u064f\u0633\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0645\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0647\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062b \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0627\u062d\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0634\u062c\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u064f\u0639\u0632\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a. \u064a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0645\u062a\u062d\u0641 \u0644\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0646\u063a\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0646 (Livingstone Museum) \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0632\u0627\u0645\u0628\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0648\u064a\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639\u0629 \u062a\u064f\u063a\u0637\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062b\u0646\u0648\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f <sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.britannica.com\" title=\"31|Britannica|2024\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[31]<\/a><\/sup>. \u064a\u064f\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u0641 \u0644\u0644\u0632\u0648\u0627\u0631 \u0631\u0624\u064a\u0629 \u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0632\u0627\u0645\u0628\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0646\u064a. \u062a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0642\u0649 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0635 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0645\u0628\u064a\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u064f\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0647\u064a\u0629. \u062a\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0623\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0642\u0649 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0635 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u062c\u0648\u0647\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0642\u0644\u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0628\u0636 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a \u0648\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u064a\u062f.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":430,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[45,49],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-431","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-45","category-49"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/cosmalore.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/431","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/cosmalore.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/cosmalore.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cosmalore.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cosmalore.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=431"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/cosmalore.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/431\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cosmalore.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/430"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/cosmalore.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=431"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cosmalore.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=431"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cosmalore.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=431"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}