{"id":4113,"date":"2026-08-23T14:31:43","date_gmt":"2026-08-23T14:31:43","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/cosmalore.com\/ar\/?p=4113"},"modified":"2026-08-24T00:06:21","modified_gmt":"2026-08-24T00:06:21","slug":"the-age-of-blogging","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/cosmalore.com\/ar\/2026\/08\/23\/the-age-of-blogging\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0639\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0648\u064a\u0646"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>\n\u064a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d &#8220;\u0639\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0648\u064a\u0646&#8221; \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0644\u062a \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u0648\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0647 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0641\u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0638 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0635\u0646\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b \u0644\u0644\u0647\u062c\u0631\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0645\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0633\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062f\u064a\u064a\u0646)\u060c \u0625\u0628\u0651\u0627\u0646 <a href=\"https:\/\/cosmalore.com\/ar\/2026\/08\/19\/the-abbasid-period\/\" class=\"cl-auto-link\" title=\"\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0627\u0633\u064a\">\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0627\u0633\u064a<\/a> \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0643\u0631. \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0643\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0637\u0641\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0641\u0627\u062c\u0626\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0645 \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u062c\u064a \u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0648\u0641\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u064a \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f\u060c \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0632\u062f\u0648\u062c\u064b\u0627: \u0627\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0639 \u0631\u0642\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u062f\u0644\u0633 \u063a\u0631\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646 \u0634\u0631\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0647\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0632\u0627\u064a\u062f \u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0633\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0627 \u062f\u0641\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0628\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0635\u0627\u0631\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0636\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0648\u062a\u0648\u062b\u064a\u0642\u0647.<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/Hadith\" title=\"1|Hadith | Definition, Meaning, and Examples|Encyclopaedia Britannica|2026\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[1]<\/a><\/sup>\n<\/p>\n<div class=\"infobox\">\n<table>\n<tr class=\"ib-sec\">\n<td colspan=\"2\">\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"ib-row\">\n<td class=\"ib-label\">\u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<td class=\"ib-val\">\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0646 (\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0645\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0633\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0627\u0646)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"ib-row\">\n<td class=\"ib-label\">\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a<\/td>\n<td class=\"ib-val\"><a href=\"https:\/\/cosmalore.com\/ar\/2026\/08\/19\/the-abbasid-period\/\" class=\"cl-auto-link\" title=\"\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0627\u0633\u064a\">\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0627\u0633\u064a<\/a> \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0643\u0631<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"ib-row\">\n<td class=\"ib-label\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0629<\/td>\n<td class=\"ib-val\">\u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u0648\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0647\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"ib-sec\">\n<td colspan=\"2\">\u0623\u0628\u0631\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0648\u064e\u0651\u0646\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"ib-row\">\n<td class=\"ib-label\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0637\u0623<\/td>\n<td class=\"ib-val\">\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0643 \u0628\u0646 \u0623\u0646\u0633 (\u062a 179\u0647\u0640\/795\u0645)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"ib-row\">\n<td class=\"ib-label\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0646\u062f<\/td>\n<td class=\"ib-val\">\u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u062d\u0646\u0628\u0644 (\u062a 241\u0647\u0640\/855\u0645)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"ib-row\">\n<td class=\"ib-label\">\u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062e\u0627\u0631\u064a<\/td>\n<td class=\"ib-val\">\u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u0625\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062e\u0627\u0631\u064a (\u062a 256\u0647\u0640\/870\u0645)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"ib-row\">\n<td class=\"ib-label\">\u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d \u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645<\/td>\n<td class=\"ib-val\">\u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645 \u0628\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u0627\u062c (\u062a 261\u0647\u0640\/875\u0645)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"ib-row\">\n<td class=\"ib-label\">\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0629 (\u0623\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0647)<\/td>\n<td class=\"ib-val\">\u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u0625\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0641\u0639\u064a (\u062a 204\u0647\u0640\/820\u0645)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"ib-row\">\n<td class=\"ib-label\">\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0646 \u062a\u0623\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0622\u0646<\/td>\n<td class=\"ib-val\">\u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u062c\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0631\u064a (\u062a 310\u0647\u0640\/923\u0645)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"ib-sec\">\n<td colspan=\"2\">\u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"ib-row\">\n<td class=\"ib-label\">\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0646\u0627\u062f<\/td>\n<td class=\"ib-val\">\u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0629 \u0631\u0648\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u064a<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"ib-row\">\n<td class=\"ib-label\">\u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062a\u0629<\/td>\n<td class=\"ib-val\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0623\u0647\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/table>\n<div class=\"ib-foot\">COSMALORE \u00b7 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0633\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h2>\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0641\u0647\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0648\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0628<\/h2>\n<p>\n\u0641\u064a \u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u064a \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0644\u0623\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0639\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0634\u0624\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0643\u0627\u0641\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062d\u064a\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0644\u0627\u0632\u0645\u0647 \u0635\u062d\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0647 \u0648\u0633\u062c\u0651\u0644\u0648\u0627 \u0623\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0647 \u0648\u0623\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0627\u0643\u0631\u062a\u0647\u0645\u060c \u0648\u062f\u0648\u0651\u0646 \u0628\u0639\u0636\u0647\u0645 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0629. \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u0623\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u062f\u0648\u064a\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0633\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0628\u0642\u064a\u062a \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u062c\u062f\u0644 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0648\u0641\u0627\u062a\u0647\u061b \u0625\u0630 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u062f\u0642\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0645\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0635\u0639\u0628\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0646\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0622\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0651\u0645\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u064a \u0628\u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647 \u0644\u0623\u0635\u062d\u0627\u0628\u0647 \u0648\u062d\u0641\u0638\u0647 \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u062f\u0648\u0651\u0646\u0648\u0647 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0648\u0641\u0627\u062a\u0647\u060c \u0641\u0636\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u0645\u062e\u0627\u0648\u0641 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0637\u063a\u0649 \u062a\u062f\u0648\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0622\u0646 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647. \u062d\u064f\u0633\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0627\u0641 \u0644\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0648\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0641\u0627\u0646\u0643\u0628\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u0639\u062f\u0647\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0633\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u064a \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0651\u0645 \u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0639\u064a\u0641 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639.<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/Hadith\" title=\"1|Hadith | Definition, Meaning, and Examples|Encyclopaedia Britannica|2026\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[1]<\/a><\/sup> \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0643\u062a\u0633\u0628 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u062f \u0632\u062e\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0643\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0646\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0622\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062d\u064e\u0651\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b \u0639\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0646 \u0639\u0641\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0625\u0630 \u0641\u062a\u062d \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u062a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0647\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u062a\u062f\u0648\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0631\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0629.<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/Hadith\" title=\"1|Hadith | Definition, Meaning, and Examples|Encyclopaedia Britannica|2026\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[1]<\/a><\/sup>\n<\/p>\n<h2>\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0646\u0627\u062f: \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0636\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0627\u064a\u0629<\/h2>\n<p>\n\u0628\u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062c\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0627\u062a\u062e\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u0648\u064a \u0635\u064a\u063a\u0629 \u0623\u062f\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u0623\u0644\u0641 \u0645\u0646 &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0646\u0627\u062f&#8221;\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u0646\u0642\u0644\u0648\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0628\u0631 \u062c\u064a\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u062c\u064a\u0644 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u064a\u060c \u062b\u0645 &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0646&#8221;\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0646\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a\u0647.<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/Hadith\" title=\"1|Hadith | Definition, Meaning, and Examples|Encyclopaedia Britannica|2026\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[1]<\/a><\/sup> \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0646\u0634\u0623 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0641\u0634\u064a \u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0627\u062f\u064a\u062b \u0648\u0646\u0633\u0628\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0632\u0648\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u064a\u060c \u0633\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u062f\u0627\u0641\u0639 \u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0641 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0630\u0647\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u0648\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0628\u062f\u0627\u0641\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u063a\u064a\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0636\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0647\u064a\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0635\u064a \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0648\u0644\u0648 \u0628\u0631\u0648\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u064e\u0642\u0629. \u0648\u062f\u0641\u0639 \u0625\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0643 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0628\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c \u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0644\u0641\u062d\u0635 \u0643\u0644 \u0625\u0633\u0646\u0627\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0633\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0643\u0644 \u0631\u0627\u0648\u064d \u0648\u0645\u062f\u0649 \u062b\u0642\u062a\u0647 \u0648\u0636\u0628\u0637\u0647 \u0648\u0635\u062f\u0642\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0627 \u0639\u064f\u0631\u0641 \u0644\u0627\u062d\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0640&#8221;\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062c\u0627\u0644&#8221; \u0623\u0648 &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u062d \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0644&#8221;.<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/isnad\" title=\"2|Isnad | Definition, Hadith, Importance, and Facts|Encyclopaedia Britannica|2026\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[2]<\/a><\/sup> \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0645\u062a\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0646\u0627\u062f \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0627 \u0648\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u0648\u064a\u060c \u0644\u064a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0635\u0646\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0648\u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0643\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0643 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u060c \u0643\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0648\u062b\u064a\u0642 \u0645\u0635\u062f\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0642\u0648\u0644\u0629.<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/Hadith\" title=\"1|Hadith | Definition, Meaning, and Examples|Encyclopaedia Britannica|2026\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[1]<\/a><\/sup>\n<\/p>\n<h2>\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0646\u064e\u0651\u0641: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u062f\u0648\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b<\/h2>\n<p>\n\u0645\u0631\u0651 \u062a\u062f\u0648\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b \u0628\u0623\u062c\u0646\u0627\u0633 \u0623\u062f\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629\u060c \u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645. \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0623\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0646\u0627\u0633 &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u0641\u0629&#8221;\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u062f\u0641\u062a\u0631 \u062e\u0627\u0635 \u064a\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0631\u0627\u0648\u064d \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f \u0645\u0627 \u0648\u0635\u0644\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0631\u0648\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u062a\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0641 \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u062a\u064b\u0627 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u062f\u0642\u062a\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u064f\u062e\u062f\u0645\u062a \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0644\u0631\u064e\u0651\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u062f\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0623\u0648\u0627\u062e\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062f\u064a.<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/Hadith\" title=\"1|Hadith | Definition, Meaning, and Examples|Encyclopaedia Britannica|2026\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[1]<\/a><\/sup> \u062b\u0645 \u0638\u0647\u0631 \u062c\u0646\u0633 &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0646\u064e\u0651\u0641&#8221;\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0647\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0627\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0632\u0643\u0627\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0643\u0627\u062d\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0634\u0647\u0631 \u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0647 \u0648\u0623\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0647\u0627 &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0637\u0623&#8221; \u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0643 \u0628\u0646 \u0623\u0646\u0633\u060c \u0625\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0648\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0623\u062d\u0627\u062f\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u064a \u0648\u0623\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0622\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0647\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629.<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/Hadith\" title=\"1|Hadith | Definition, Meaning, and Examples|Encyclopaedia Britannica|2026\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[1]<\/a><\/sup> \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0648\u064f\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0637\u0623 \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0623\u0648\u062b\u0642 \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0622\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0645\u060c \u0644\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u062a\u0633\u0645 \u0628\u0647 \u0645\u0627\u0644\u0643 \u0645\u0646 \u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0627 \u0627\u062a\u0641\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0634 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u064a \u0648\u062a\u0634\u0643\u0651\u0644 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644.<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Malik-ibn-Anas\" title=\"10|Malik ibn Anas | Biography, History, and Books|Encyclopaedia Britannica|2026\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[3]<\/a><\/sup>\n<\/p>\n<p>\n\u062a\u0644\u0627 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u062c\u0646\u0633 &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0646\u062f&#8221;\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0627 \u0631\u064f\u0648\u064a \u0639\u0646 \u0643\u0644 \u0635\u062d\u0627\u0628\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0635\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0627\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0634\u0647\u0631\u0647 \u0648\u0623\u0636\u062e\u0645\u0647 \u0645\u0633\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u062d\u0646\u0628\u0644\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0636\u0645 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0629 27 \u0623\u0644\u0641 \u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u060c \u0648\u0642\u064a\u0644 \u0625\u0646\u0647 \u0641\u062d\u0635 \u0646\u062d\u0648 750 \u0623\u0644\u0641 \u0631\u0648\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0648\u0631\u062f\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0633\u0646\u062f\u0647\u060c \u0648\u062d\u064f\u0643\u064a \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0638\u0644 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0641\u0631\u0627\u0634 \u0645\u0648\u062a\u0647 \u064a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0625\u062d\u0636\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0633\u0648\u062f\u0651\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0644\u062a\u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d\u0647\u0627.<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/Hadith\" title=\"1|Hadith | Definition, Meaning, and Examples|Encyclopaedia Britannica|2026\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[1]<\/a><\/sup> \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u062f \u0628\u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u062a\u0627\u062d \u062a\u062a\u0628\u0639 \u0625\u0633\u0647\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b \u0628\u0648\u0636\u0648\u062d \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631\u060c \u0625\u0630 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0639\u0627\u0626\u0634\u0629 \u0628\u0646\u062a \u0623\u0628\u064a \u0628\u0643\u0631 \u0648\u0623\u0645 \u0633\u0644\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u0632\u0648\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u063a\u0632\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0631\u0648\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b \u0641\u064a \u0634\u062a\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a.<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/Hadith\" title=\"1|Hadith | Definition, Meaning, and Examples|Encyclopaedia Britannica|2026\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[1]<\/a><\/sup>\n<\/p>\n<h2>\u0645\u062d\u0646\u0629 \u062e\u0644\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0622\u0646 \u0648\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0641 \u0627\u0628\u0646 \u062d\u0646\u0628\u0644<\/h2>\n<p>\n\u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0643\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0648\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0632\u0648\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0627\u0633\u064a\u061b \u0641\u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 833\u0645 \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0623\u0637\u0644\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0623\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0627 \u0639\u064f\u0631\u0641 \u0628\u0640&#8221;\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0646\u0629&#8221;\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u062d\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0642\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0625\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u062a\u0628\u0646\u064a \u0639\u0642\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062a\u0632\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0622\u0646 \u0645\u062e\u0644\u0648\u0642 \u0648\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0635\u0641\u0629 \u0623\u0632\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0641 \u0639\u0642\u062f\u064a \u0639\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0646\u064a \u064a\u0631\u0649 \u0623\u0635\u062d\u0627\u0628\u0647 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0648\u064d \u0644\u0644\u0648\u062d\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u0629. \u0631\u0641\u0636 \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u062d\u0646\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0635\u064a\u0627\u0639 \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0623\u064a\u060c \u0645\u062a\u0645\u0633\u0643\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0628\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0622\u0646 \u0643\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0644\u0648\u0642\u060c \u0641\u0633\u064f\u062c\u0646 \u0648\u0636\u064f\u0631\u0628 \u0648\u062d\u0648\u0643\u0645 \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u060c \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u063a\u062f\u0627 \u0631\u0645\u0632\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629.<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Ahmad-ibn-Hanbal\" title=\"6|Ahmad ibn Hanbal | Biography, Musnad, and Books|Encyclopaedia Britannica|2026\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[4]<\/a><\/sup> \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0646\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0627\u0645 847\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0643\u0644\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0623\u0639\u0627\u062f \u062a\u062b\u0628\u064a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0641\u064a \u0648\u0642\u062a \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u062a\u062f\u0648\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0631\u0648\u0629 \u0646\u0634\u0627\u0637\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0645\u0627 \u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0627\u0639 \u062e\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u062b\u0651\u0631\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0643\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062f\u062b\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0647\u0627\u0621.<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ebsco.com\/research-starters\/biography\/ahmad-ibn-hanbal\" title=\"15|Ahmad ibn Hanbal|EBSCO Research Starters|\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[5]<\/a><\/sup>\n<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>\n\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0646\u0627\u062f \u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0646\u0627\u062f \u0644\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0634\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0627 \u0634\u0627\u0621.<br \/>\n<strong>\u2014 \u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u0633\u0648\u0628 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0641\u0639\u064a\u060c \u0623\u0648\u0631\u062f\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0635\u0646\u0641\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645<\/strong>\n<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<h2>\u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062a\u0629: \u0630\u0631\u0648\u0629 \u062a\u062f\u0648\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062c\u0631\u064a<\/h2>\n<p>\n\u0628\u0644\u063a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0647\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u0648\u064a \u0648\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0641\u0647 \u0648\u062a\u0646\u0642\u064a\u062a\u0647 \u0630\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0633\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062f\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u0638\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u062c\u0646\u0633 \u0623\u062f\u0628\u064a \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0647\u0648 &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d&#8221; \u0648&#8221;\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0646&#8221;\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0631\u0648\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u064a \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0647 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0627\u0628\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0631\u062a\u064e\u0651\u0628\u0629\u064b \u0628\u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0648\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0647\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0629\u064b \u0648\u0641\u0642 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0635\u0627\u0631\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0629.<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/Hadith\" title=\"1|Hadith | Definition, Meaning, and Examples|Encyclopaedia Britannica|2026\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[1]<\/a><\/sup> \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u0628\u0631\u0632 \u0631\u0645\u0648\u0632 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u0625\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062e\u0627\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0628\u062f\u0623 \u062d\u0641\u0638 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b \u0641\u064a \u0637\u0641\u0648\u0644\u062a\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0637\u0627\u0641 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u0642\u0637 \u0631\u0623\u0633\u0647 \u0628\u062e\u0627\u0631\u0649 \u0641\u064a \u0622\u0633\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0649 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0643\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0635\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0642\u0636\u0649 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0633\u062a\u0629 \u0639\u0634\u0631 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u0651\u062b\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0645\u062a\u062f\u0648\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0631\u0648\u060c \u0641\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0646\u062d\u0648 600 \u0623\u0644\u0641 \u0631\u0648\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0650 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0647 &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d&#8221; \u0633\u0648\u0649 \u0645\u0627 \u0631\u0622\u0647 \u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d\u064b\u0627 \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 \u0628\u0636\u0639\u0629 \u0622\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0631\u0627\u0631.<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/al-Bukhari\" title=\"3|Al-Bukhari | Hadith, Islamic Law, Compilation|Encyclopaedia Britannica|2026\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[6]<\/a><\/sup> \u0648\u0627\u0643\u062a\u0645\u0644 \u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0641 \u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062e\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0639\u0627\u0645 846\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 &#8220;\u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d \u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645&#8221; \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062c\u0645\u0639\u0647 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0631\u0647 \u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645 \u0628\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u0627\u062c \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u062d\u0648 300 \u0623\u0644\u0641 \u0631\u0648\u0627\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0648\u062b\u0642 \u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0623\u0647\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0622\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0645 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629.<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/Sahih\" title=\"4|Sahih | work by Muslim ibn al-Hajjaj|Encyclopaedia Britannica|\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[7]<\/a><\/sup> \u0648\u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0647\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0643\u062a\u0645\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0633\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647 \u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0641 \u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649\u060c \u0644\u0623\u0628\u064a \u062f\u0627\u0648\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0645\u0630\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0645\u0627\u062c\u0647\u060c \u0644\u062a\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062a\u0629 \u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0627 \u0639\u064f\u0631\u0641 \u0628\u0640&#8221;\u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062a\u0629&#8221;\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u063a\u062f\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0629 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645.<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/Hadith\" title=\"1|Hadith | Definition, Meaning, and Examples|Encyclopaedia Britannica|2026\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[1]<\/a><\/sup>\n<\/p>\n<h2>\u062a\u062f\u0648\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0647 \u0648\u0646\u0634\u0623\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0630\u0627\u0647\u0628<\/h2>\n<p>\n\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u062a\u062f\u0648\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u064a \u0645\u0639 \u062a\u062f\u0648\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u060c \u0625\u0630 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0641\u0642\u0647\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0635\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u0627\u0632 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0647\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0629\u064b\u060c \u0628\u0639\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u062a\u064f\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0631\u0633 \u0634\u0641\u0647\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u062e \u0648\u0633\u0637 \u062a\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0630\u0647.<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/sharia\" title=\"7|Sharia | Definition, Law, and Countries|Encyclopaedia Britannica|2026\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[8]<\/a><\/sup> \u0648\u0628\u0631\u0632 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642 \u0623\u0628\u0648 \u062d\u0646\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0646 \u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a\u060c \u0641\u0642\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0639\u064f\u0631\u0641 \u0628\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0639\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0623\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645 \u0644\u0633\u062f\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0627\u063a \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u062f \u0646\u0635\u064b\u0627 \u0635\u0631\u064a\u062d\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0622\u0646 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u060c \u0641\u062a\u0623\u0633\u0633\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d\u062a \u0644\u0627\u062d\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u0648\u0633\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0630\u0627\u0647\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064b\u0627.<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Abu-Hanifah\" title=\"9|Abu Hanifah | Biography, History, and Facts|Encyclopaedia Britannica|2026\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[9]<\/a><\/sup> \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0648\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0645\u0627\u0644\u0643 \u0628\u0646 \u0623\u0646\u0633 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u063a\u0627\u064a\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u062a\u0645\u0633\u0643\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0623\u0647\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0645 \u0623\u0642\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0633 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u064a \u0648\u0635\u062d\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0647 \u0644\u0644\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0641\u062a\u0623\u0633\u0633\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0647 &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0637\u0623&#8221;.<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Malik-ibn-Anas\" title=\"10|Malik ibn Anas | Biography, History, and Books|Encyclopaedia Britannica|2026\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[3]<\/a><\/sup>\n<\/p>\n<h2>\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0641\u0639\u064a \u0648\u062a\u0623\u0633\u064a\u0633 \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0623\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0647<\/h2>\n<p>\n\u062c\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0647\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u062d\u0633\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u0628\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0643\u0627\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u064a\u062f \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u0625\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0641\u0639\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0642\u0651\u0644 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0628\u0631\u0632 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0635\u0631\u0647 \u0648\u0627\u0637\u0651\u0644\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0647\u062c \u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u0627\u0632 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629\u060c \u0641\u062a\u0648\u0635\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0647\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0641\u0631\u0642\u0629. \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u063a\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0641\u0639\u064a \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0639\u0628\u0642\u0631\u064a\u062a\u0647 \u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0635\u064a\u0627\u063a\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c\u064a \u0645\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0633\u0643 \u064a\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0648\u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062c\u062f\u0629.<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Abu-Abd-Allah-ash-Shafii\" title=\"11|Abu Abd Allah al-Shafi&amp;apos;i | Scholar, Biography, and Islamic Law|Encyclopaedia Britannica|1998\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[10]<\/a><\/sup> \u0648\u0642\u062f \u062f\u0648\u0651\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0641\u0639\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c \u0641\u064a \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0647 &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0629&#8221;\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0623\u0644\u0651\u0641\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0645\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u0627\u062a\u0647\u060c \u0641\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062d\u0642 \u0628\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0644\u0642\u0628 &#8220;\u0623\u0628\u064a \u0623\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0647&#8221;\u060c \u0625\u0630 \u064a\u064f\u0639\u062f\u0651 \u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0641\u0631\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0623\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0635\u0646\u064e\u0651\u0641 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u060c \u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u0649: \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0622\u0646\u060c \u062b\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062b\u0645 \u0625\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621\u060c \u062b\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633.<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Abu-Abd-Allah-ash-Shafii\" title=\"11|Abu Abd Allah al-Shafi&amp;apos;i | Scholar, Biography, and Islamic Law|Encyclopaedia Britannica|1998\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[10]<\/a><\/sup> \u0648\u0642\u062f \u062a\u062a\u0644\u0645\u0630 \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u062d\u0646\u0628\u0644 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0641\u0639\u064a \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644 \u0644\u0627\u062d\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0645\u0630\u0647\u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u062a\u0645\u0633\u0643\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635\u0648\u0635\u060c \u0641\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u062a \u0628\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0630\u0627\u0647\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0647\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u0649: \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0641\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0646\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062c\u0631\u064a\u064a\u0646.<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/sharia\" title=\"7|Sharia | Definition, Law, and Countries|Encyclopaedia Britannica|2026\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[8]<\/a><\/sup>\n<\/p>\n<h2>\u062a\u062f\u0648\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631: \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0631\u064a \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0623\u062b\u0648\u0631<\/h2>\n<p>\n\u0634\u0647\u062f \u0639\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0648\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0627\u0643\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0648\u0633\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0622\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0645\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0631\u062e \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0633\u0631 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u062c\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0648\u064f\u0644\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0622\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u0637\u0628\u0631\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0639\u0627\u0645 839\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u062d\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u0649 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0645\u0635\u0631 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u063a\u062f\u0627\u062f. \u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0631\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0647 &#8220;\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0646 \u062a\u0623\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0622\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0622\u0646&#8221; \u062d\u0635\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062b\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0641\u0642\u0647\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0644\u063a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0622\u0646\u060c \u0645\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0627 \u0648\u0635\u0644\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0631\u0648\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0633\u0646\u062f\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u064a \u0648\u0635\u062d\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0647 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u064f\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0628\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0623\u062b\u0648\u0631&#8221;.<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/tafsir\" title=\"13|Tafsir | Meaning, Types, Principles, and History|Encyclopaedia Britannica|2026\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[11]<\/a><\/sup> \u0648\u064a\u064f\u0639\u062f\u0651 \u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0631\u064a \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0623\u0648\u0633\u0639 \u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0648\u0635\u0644\u062a \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0646\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u062e\u0627\u062a\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0628\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0627\u062d\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u062a\u0633\u0645 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u0645\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u064a.<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/tafsir\" title=\"13|Tafsir | Meaning, Types, Principles, and History|Encyclopaedia Britannica|2026\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[11]<\/a><\/sup>\n<\/p>\n<h2>\u062a\u062f\u0648\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0629<\/h2>\n<p>\n\u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0625\u0633\u0647\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631\u060c \u0623\u0644\u0651\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0631\u064a \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0636\u062e\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0646\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 &#8220;\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0648\u0643&#8221;\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0624\u0631\u062e \u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0642 \u0645\u0631\u0648\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0636\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0631\u064a \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0637\u0644\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062f\u064a.<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/al-Tabari\" title=\"12|Al-Tabari | 9th-Century Muslim Scholar and Historian|Encyclopaedia Britannica|1998\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[12]<\/a><\/sup> \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0627\u062a\u0651\u0628\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0631\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0635\u0646\u0641\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631\u0647\u060c \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0646\u0627\u062f \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u060c \u0641\u0623\u0648\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0623\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0646\u064b\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0636\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u062f\u0647\u0627\u060c \u062a\u0627\u0631\u0643\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0626 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0627. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0634\u0643\u0651\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u062e\u0645\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0633\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062f\u0648\u0651\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u0625\u0633\u062d\u0627\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0648\u0646\u0642\u0651\u062d\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0627\u062d\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0647\u0634\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0633\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u064a \u0648\u0635\u062d\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0647.<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/al-Tabari\" title=\"12|Al-Tabari | 9th-Century Muslim Scholar and Historian|Encyclopaedia Britannica|1998\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[12]<\/a><\/sup>\n<\/p>\n<h2>\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0648\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0623\u062b\u0631\u0647 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\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639 \u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0646\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0637\u0648\u0631\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0631 \u064a\u064f\u0639\u062f\u0651 \u0625\u0633\u0647\u0627\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u0631\u064a\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u062d\u0636\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0648\u062b\u064a\u0642 \u0645\u0635\u062f\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u064a.<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/Hadith\" title=\"1|Hadith | Definition, Meaning, and Examples|Encyclopaedia Britannica|2026\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[1]<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u062a\u0648\u062b\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a 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