{"id":3807,"date":"2026-08-22T01:39:55","date_gmt":"2026-08-22T01:39:55","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/cosmalore.com\/ar\/?p=3807"},"modified":"2026-08-22T01:39:55","modified_gmt":"2026-08-22T01:39:55","slug":"fatah-bayt-al-maqdis","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/cosmalore.com\/ar\/2026\/08\/22\/fatah-bayt-al-maqdis\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0641\u062a\u062d \u0628\u064a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>\n\u064a\u0634\u064a\u0631 &#8220;\u0641\u062a\u062d \u0628\u064a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a&#8221; \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0633 (\u0625\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0621) \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0666\u0663\u0667\u0645 \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0639\u0645\u0631 \u0628\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0628\u060c \u0628\u0639\u062f \u062d\u0635\u0627\u0631 \u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0641\u0631\u0636\u062a\u0647 \u062c\u064a\u0648\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0634\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0636\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0632\u0646\u0637\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f \u062c\u0627\u0621 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u062d \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642 \u0623\u0648\u0633\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0647\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0644\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0637\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0632\u0646\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0645 \u0639\u0642\u0628 \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0631\u0645\u0648\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0666\u0663\u0666\u0645<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/Islamic-world\/Umar-Is-succession\" title=\"1|Islamic world - Umar&amp;apos;s Succession|Encyclopaedia Britannica|2026\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[1]<\/a><\/sup>. \u062a\u0645\u064a\u0651\u0632 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u062d \u0628\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0646\u0633\u0628\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0648\u062d\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0625\u0630 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0649 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u0636\u064a \u0628\u062f\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u062d\u0627\u0645 \u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0633\u0641\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642 \u064a\u064f\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0640&#8221;\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0647\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0629&#8221; \u0646\u0638\u0651\u0645 \u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u064a\u062d\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"#\" title=\"2|In God&apos;s Path: The Arab Conquests and the Creation of an Islamic Empire|Robert Hoyland\u060c \u0645\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u0633\u0641\u0648\u0631\u062f (Oxford University Press)|2015\">[2]<\/a><\/sup>. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u062b\u0628\u0651\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0637\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0644\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0642\u0631\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0644\u062a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0628\u064a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0633 \u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0645\u0643\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629.\n<\/p>\n<div class=\"infobox\">\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr class=\"ib-sec\">\n<td colspan=\"2\">\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"ib-row\">\n<td class=\"ib-label\">\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a<\/td>\n<td class=\"ib-val\">\u0666\u0663\u0667\u0645 (\u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631: \u0666\u0663\u0668\u0645)\u060c \u0661\u0667-\u0661\u0668\u0647\u0640<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"ib-row\">\n<td class=\"ib-label\">\u0645\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0631<\/td>\n<td class=\"ib-val\">\u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0633\u062a\u0629 \u0623\u0634\u0647\u0631\u060c \u0628\u062f\u0621\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\/\u0646\u0648\u0641\u0645\u0628\u0631 \u0666\u0663\u0666\u0645<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"ib-row\">\n<td class=\"ib-label\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639<\/td>\n<td class=\"ib-val\">\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0625\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0621 (\u0628\u064a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0633)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"ib-row\">\n<td class=\"ib-label\">\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645<\/td>\n<td class=\"ib-val\">\u0639\u0642\u0628 \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0631\u0645\u0648\u0643 \u0648\u0633\u0642\u0648\u0637 \u062f\u0645\u0634\u0642<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"ib-row\">\n<td class=\"ib-label\">\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629<\/td>\n<td class=\"ib-val\">\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u0636\u064a \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u062d\u0627\u0645 \u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"ib-sec\">\n<td colspan=\"2\">\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0641<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"ib-row\">\n<td class=\"ib-label\">\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0641\u0629<\/td>\n<td class=\"ib-val\">\u0639\u0645\u0631 \u0628\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0628<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"ib-row\">\n<td class=\"ib-label\">\u0642\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a<\/td>\n<td class=\"ib-val\">\u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0639\u0628\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0627\u062d<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"ib-row\">\n<td class=\"ib-label\">\u0628\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0631\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0633<\/td>\n<td class=\"ib-val\">\u0635\u0641\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0633<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"ib-sec\">\n<td colspan=\"2\">\u0627\u0644\u0648\u062b\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0638\u0645\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"ib-row\">\n<td class=\"ib-label\">\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0645<\/td>\n<td class=\"ib-val\">\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0647\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"ib-row\">\n<td class=\"ib-label\">\u0623\u0628\u0631\u0632 \u0628\u0646\u0648\u062f\u0647\u0627<\/td>\n<td class=\"ib-val\">\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0646\u0627\u0626\u0633 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u062a\u0644\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u064a\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<div class=\"ib-foot\">COSMALORE \u00b7 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0633\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h2>\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642: \u0627\u0646\u0647\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0637\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0632\u0646\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0645<\/h2>\n<p>\n\u0628\u0644\u063a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0648\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0633\u0642\u0648\u0637 \u062f\u0645\u0634\u0642 \u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0666\u0663\u0666\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0648\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0632\u0646\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0628\u0631\u0649 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0631\u0645\u0648\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u060c \u0645\u0627 \u0641\u062a\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645\u0629 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0628\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062f\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/Islamic-world\/Umar-Is-succession\" title=\"3|Islamic world - Umar&amp;apos;s Succession|Encyclopaedia Britannica|2026\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[3]<\/a><\/sup>. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0634\u0643\u0651\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0647\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0632\u0646\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642\u0627\u064b \u062d\u0627\u0633\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0644\u062a\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0648\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0623\u0628\u064a \u0639\u0628\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0627\u062d \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0628\u064a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0633\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u064a\u062d\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0648\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u062f \u0633\u0648\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0632\u0627\u0644 \u0622\u0646\u0630\u0627\u0643 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0625\u0645\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0637\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0632\u0646\u0637\u064a \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631.\n<\/p>\n<h2>\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0634\u0631\u0637 \u0635\u0641\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0633 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0644\u064a\u0645<\/h2>\n<p>\n\u0641\u0631\u0636\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645\u0629 \u062d\u0635\u0627\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0628\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0621\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\/\u0646\u0648\u0641\u0645\u0628\u0631 \u0666\u0663\u0666\u0645\u060c \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0623\u0634\u0647\u0631 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u062d\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631 \u0644\u0623\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0635\u0651\u0646\u0629\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0628\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0631\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0635\u0641\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0633 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0644\u064a\u0645\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647 \u0627\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0637 \u0623\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u0644\u0651\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u0631 \u0628\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0628 \u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0627\u064b\u060c \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u062a\u0633\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0623\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"#\" title=\"4|Patriarch Sophronius, \u02bfUmar, and the Capitulation of Jerusalem\u060c \u0641\u064a: Byzantium and Islam|Daniel J. Sahas\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0631\u064a\u0644 (Brill)|2021\">[4]<\/a><\/sup>. \u0648\u064a\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0637 \u062d\u0631\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0631\u0643 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0644\u0637\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0634\u0626\u0629 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0627\u064b \u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u062a\u064f\u0639\u0637\u0649 \u0644\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u064a\u062d\u064a\u064a\u0646.\n<\/p>\n<h2>\u0642\u062f\u0648\u0645 \u0639\u0645\u0631 \u0628\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0628 \u0648\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0644\u064a\u0645<\/h2>\n<p>\n\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0637\u060c \u063a\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u0631 \u0628\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u062c\u0647\u0627\u064b \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u064a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0633 \u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u062a\u0633\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u060c \u0641\u064a \u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u062a\u0633\u0645\u062a \u0648\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0633\u0627\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062d\u0631\u0635 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647 \u0643\u062d\u0627\u0643\u0645 \u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0633\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0648\u0630 \u0622\u0646\u0630\u0627\u0643<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"#\" title=\"5|In God&apos;s Path: The Arab Conquests and the Creation of an Islamic Empire|Robert Hoyland\u060c \u0645\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u0633\u0641\u0648\u0631\u062f (Oxford University Press)|2015\">[5]<\/a><\/sup>. \u0648\u0648\u0641\u0642 \u0631\u0648\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0631\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0634\u062a\u0645\u0644\u062a \u0634\u0631\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0645 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0645\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0623\u0647\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u0645 \u0648\u0623\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0645 \u0648\u0643\u0646\u0627\u0626\u0633\u0647\u0645 \u0648\u0635\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0646\u0647\u0645\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0625\u0643\u0631\u0627\u0647\u0647\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u062f\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u0623\u0648 \u0647\u062f\u0645 \u0643\u0646\u0627\u0626\u0633\u0647\u0645 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0635\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645\u0647\u0645 \u0628\u062f\u0641\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u063a\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062f\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0648\u062d\u0629<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"#\" title=\"6|Patriarch Sophronius, \u02bfUmar, and the Capitulation of Jerusalem\u060c \u0641\u064a: Byzantium and Islam|Daniel J. Sahas\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0631\u064a\u0644 (Brill)|2021\">[6]<\/a><\/sup>.\n<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>\n\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0639\u0637\u0649 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0639\u0645\u0631 \u0623\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0647\u0644 \u0625\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0627\u0646: \u0623\u0639\u0637\u0627\u0647\u0645 \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u0645 \u0648\u0623\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0645 \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646\u0627\u0626\u0633\u0647\u0645 \u0648\u0635\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0646\u0647\u0645&#8230; \u0648\u0625\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u064f\u0643\u0631\u0647\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u064f\u0636\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0645.<br \/>\n<strong>\u2014 \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0647\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0633\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u0631 \u0628\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0628 \u0644\u0623\u0647\u0644 \u0628\u064a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0633\u060c \u0628\u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0631\u0648\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0631\u064a \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u0647<\/strong>\n<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<h2>\u0632\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0643\u0646\u064a\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0641 \u0639\u0645\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0627\u0629 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627<\/h2>\n<p>\n\u062a\u0631\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u0635\u0641\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0635\u0637\u062d\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0634\u0645\u0644\u062a \u0632\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0643\u0646\u064a\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0646\u0647 \u062f\u0639\u0627\u0647 \u0644\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0627\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u0647\u0627\u060c \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u0646 \u0639\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0630\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0648\u0641\u0636\u0651\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0627\u0629 \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u0647\u0627\u060c \u062e\u0634\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u062e\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0635\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0646\u064a\u0633\u0629 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u062a\u064f\u0633\u062a\u063a\u0644 \u0644\u0627\u062d\u0642\u0627\u064b \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u062c\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0643\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0645\u0633\u064a\u062d\u064a \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0633<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"#\" title=\"7|Patriarch Sophronius, \u02bfUmar, and the Capitulation of Jerusalem\u060c \u0641\u064a: Byzantium and Islam|Daniel J. Sahas\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0631\u064a\u0644 (Brill)|2021\">[7]<\/a><\/sup>. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0634\u064f\u064a\u0651\u062f \u0644\u0627\u062d\u0642\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0635\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0646\u064a\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u062c\u062f \u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u064f\u0631\u0641 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0627\u0633\u0645 &#8220;\u0645\u0633\u062c\u062f \u0639\u0645\u0631&#8221;\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0632\u0627\u0644 \u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0627\u064b \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0645\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0643\u0646\u064a\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0631\u0645\u0632\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062d\u0631\u0635 \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0635\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u064a\u062d\u064a.\n<\/p>\n<h2>\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0647\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0648\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629<\/h2>\n<p>\n\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646\u062a \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0646\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0647\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0646\u062f\u0627\u064b \u064a\u0642\u0636\u064a \u0628\u0645\u0646\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0648\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u064a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0633 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646\u060c \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u0646 \u0623\u0635\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u062f \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631 \u0628\u0646\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0644\u064a \u0645\u062d\u0644 \u0646\u0642\u0627\u0634 \u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u060c \u0625\u0630 \u062a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0623\u062a\u0627\u062d \u0641\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0642\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0639\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0632\u0646\u0637\u064a<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"#\" title=\"8|Patriarch Sophronius, \u02bfUmar, and the Capitulation of Jerusalem\u060c \u0641\u064a: Byzantium and Islam|Daniel J. Sahas\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0631\u064a\u0644 (Brill)|2021\">[8]<\/a><\/sup>. \u0648\u064a\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0627\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u062b\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062f\u064f\u0648\u0651\u0646\u062a \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0639\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0623\u0648 \u0642\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0648\u0642\u0648\u0639\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0639\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0646\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0627\u064b \u062d\u0630\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0639 \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0636\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u062f\u062b.\n<\/p>\n<h2>\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a \u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u062f<\/h2>\n<p>\n\u062b\u0628\u0651\u062a \u0641\u062a\u062d \u0628\u064a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0637\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0644\u0642\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0625\u0630 \u0638\u0644\u062a \u062e\u0627\u0636\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0634\u062f\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u062b\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0637\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u062c\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0643 \u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0661\u0660\u0667\u0663\u0645\u060c \u062b\u0645 \u064a\u0641\u0642\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0624\u0642\u062a\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u064a\u0628\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0642\u0628 <a href=\"https:\/\/cosmalore.com\/ar\/2026\/08\/08\/the-first-crusade-in\/\" class=\"cl-auto-link\" title=\"\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649\">\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649<\/a> \u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0661\u0660\u0669\u0669\u0645<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"#\" title=\"9|In God&apos;s Path: The Arab Conquests and the Creation of an Islamic Empire|Robert Hoyland\u060c \u0645\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u0633\u0641\u0648\u0631\u062f (Oxford University Press)|2015\">[9]<\/a><\/sup>. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0634\u0647\u062f\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0639\u0642\u0628 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u062d \u0628\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0633 \u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u060c \u0625\u0630 \u0623\u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u062c\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0628\u0646\u0649 \u0628\u0633\u064a\u0637 \u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0645\u0647\u0651\u062f \u0644\u0627\u062d\u0642\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062c\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0635\u0649 \u0648\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062e\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a <a href=\"https:\/\/cosmalore.com\/ar\/2026\/08\/19\/the-dark-ages\/\" class=\"cl-auto-link\" title=\"\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0648\u064a\">\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0648\u064a<\/a>\u060c \u0644\u062a\u0631\u0633\u0651\u062e \u0628\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062d\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0633\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0647\u062f \u0639\u0645\u0631<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":3806,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[2],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-3807","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-history"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/cosmalore.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3807","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/cosmalore.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/cosmalore.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cosmalore.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cosmalore.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3807"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/cosmalore.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3807\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3811,"href":"https:\/\/cosmalore.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3807\/revisions\/3811"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cosmalore.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/3806"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/cosmalore.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3807"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cosmalore.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3807"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cosmalore.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3807"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}