{"id":3668,"date":"2026-08-21T15:16:12","date_gmt":"2026-08-21T15:16:12","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/cosmalore.com\/ar\/?p=3668"},"modified":"2026-08-26T00:01:06","modified_gmt":"2026-08-26T00:01:06","slug":"ernest-hemingway","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/cosmalore.com\/ar\/2026\/08\/21\/ernest-hemingway\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0625\u0631\u0646\u0633\u062a \u0647\u0645\u0646\u063a\u0648\u0627\u064a"},"content":{"rendered":"
\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0645<\/td>\n\u0625\u0631\u0646\u0633\u062a \u0645\u064a\u0644\u0631 \u0647\u0645\u0646\u063a\u0648\u0627\u064a<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0629<\/td>\nErnest Miller Hemingway<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062f<\/td>\n21 \u064a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0648 1899<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062f<\/td>\n\u0623\u0648\u0643 \u0628\u0627\u0631\u0643\u060c \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0646\u0648\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0641\u0627\u0629<\/td>\n2 \u064a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0648 1961<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0641\u0627\u0629<\/td>\n\u0643\u064a\u062a\u0634\u0648\u0645\u060c \u0623\u064a\u062f\u0627\u0647\u0648\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644<\/td>\n\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0627\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u064a\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629<\/td>\n\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u0629<\/td>\n\u0631\u0648\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0648\u0643\u0627\u062a\u0628 \u0642\u0635\u0629 \u0642\u0635\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0635\u062d\u0641\u064a \u0648\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0644 \u062d\u0631\u0628\u064a<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0628<\/td>\n\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062b\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u062d\u0627\u0621<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628\u064a<\/td>\n\u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0627\u0626\u0639<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0623\u0628\u0631\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a<\/td>\n\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0633 \u062a\u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0648\u062f\u0627\u0639\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u062d\u060c \u0644\u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0642\u0631\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0633\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062c\u0648\u0632 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649<\/td>\n\u062b\u0644\u0648\u062c \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0648\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0644\u0627 \u0646\u0633\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0648\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0646\u0642\u0644\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0632<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u062c\u0627\u0626\u0632\u0629 \u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a\u062a\u0632\u0631<\/td>\n1953\u060c \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062c\u0648\u0632 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u062c\u0627\u0626\u0632\u0629 \u0646\u0648\u0628\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628<\/td>\n1954<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n
COSMALORE \u00b7 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0633\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0623\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u062a\u0628<\/h2>\n

\u0648\u064f\u0644\u062f \u0625\u0631\u0646\u0633\u062a \u0645\u064a\u0644\u0631 \u0647\u0645\u0646\u063a\u0648\u0627\u064a \u0641\u064a 21 \u064a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0648 1899 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0648\u0643 \u0628\u0627\u0631\u0643 \u0628\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0646\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0646\u0634\u0623 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0633\u0631\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0647\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629. \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0634\u0628\u0627\u0628\u0647 \u0627\u062a\u062c\u0647 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0635\u062d\u064a\u0641\u0629 Kansas City Star<\/em>\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0628\u0647\u061b \u0641\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0642\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0644\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062c\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0638\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0641\u064a \u062d\u0627\u0636\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u062b\u0631\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628\u064a \u0637\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u062d\u064a\u0627\u062a\u0647.[1]<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n

\u0644\u0645 \u064a\u062d\u0635\u0644 \u0647\u0645\u0646\u063a\u0648\u0627\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u064a \u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0628\u062f\u0623 \u062d\u064a\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0645\u0646\u062d\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0643\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0628\u0643\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0633 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0627 \u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0644\u0627\u062d\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0647\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0641.<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/h2>\n

\u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 1918 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u0639 \u0647\u0645\u0646\u063a\u0648\u0627\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0633\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0625\u0633\u0639\u0627\u0641 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649<\/a>. \u0648\u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0623\u0635\u064a\u0628 \u0628\u062c\u0631\u0648\u062d \u062e\u0637\u064a\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u062a\u062c\u0631\u0628\u062a\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0631\u0643\u062a \u0623\u062b\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0645\u064a\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0631\u0624\u064a\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f \u0644\u0627\u062d\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062e\u0628\u0631\u062a\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0628\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0631\u0648\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062f\u0627\u0639\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u062d<\/em>\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062c\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0634\u0643\u0644\u062a \u0646\u0638\u0631\u062a\u0647 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0637\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u062b.[2]<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n

\u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u064a\u0644\u0647 \u062a\u062c\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0641\u0627\u0635\u0644\u0629\u061b \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0639\u0627\u062f \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0634\u0648\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0648\u0647\u0645 \u064a\u062d\u0645\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0625\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0643\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u064a\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0629. \u0648\u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0647\u0645\u0646\u063a\u0648\u0627\u064a \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0628\u0631\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0639\u064f\u0631\u0641 \u0644\u0627\u062d\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u00ab\u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0627\u0626\u0639\u00bb\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0634\u0648\u0627 \u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649<\/a> \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n

\u0628\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0627\u0626\u0639<\/h2>\n

\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0644 \u0647\u0645\u0646\u063a\u0648\u0627\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0633\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0639\u0627\u0634 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u0634\u0643\u0644\u0648\u0627 \u062c\u0632\u0621\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0647\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649<\/a>. \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0628\u0631\u0632 \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u062c\u064a\u0644\u0647\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0648\u0635\u0641 \u0644\u0627\u062d\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u062c\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u0648\u062a\u062c\u0631\u0628\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0647 \u0648\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0646\u0642\u0644\u0629<\/em>.[3]<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n

\u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u062f\u0628\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0647\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0645\u0646\u063a\u0648\u0627\u064a. \u0641\u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0637\u0648\u0631 \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0642\u0631\u0623 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639\u060c \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0643 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u064a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647 \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637\u062a \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0651\u0646 \u0635\u0648\u0631\u062a\u0647 \u0643\u0643\u0627\u062a\u0628 \u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a \u064a\u0639\u064a\u0634 \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u064a\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0639\u0646 \u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0623\u062f\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u062a\u062c\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u062c\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628.<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0633 \u062a\u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627<\/h2>\n

\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0647\u0645\u0646\u063a\u0648\u0627\u064a \u0631\u0648\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0633 \u062a\u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627<\/em> \u0639\u0627\u0645 1926\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0631\u0648\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0647 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639\u064b\u0627. \u062a\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0627\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0644 \u0623\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0645\u0628\u0644\u0648\u0646\u0627 \u0648\u0645\u0635\u0627\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631\u062a \u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0646\u063a\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0635\u0648\u0631\u062a \u062a\u062c\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u00ab\u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0627\u0626\u0639\u00bb \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649<\/a>.[4]<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n

\u0648\u062a\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0645\u0646\u063a\u0648\u0627\u064a \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0623\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0627\u062a\u0647\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0626 \u064a\u0643\u062a\u0634\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0644. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0628\u0647\u060c \u0625\u0630 \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0639\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u062e\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u062f\u0644 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0634\u0631\u062d\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0648\u064a \u0628\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629.<\/p>\n

\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0639\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u062d<\/h2>\n

\u0635\u062f\u0631\u062a \u0631\u0648\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062f\u0627\u0639\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u062d<\/em> \u0639\u0627\u0645 1929\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f\u062a \u0628\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062c\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0647\u0645\u0646\u063a\u0648\u0627\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0625\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649<\/a>. \u062a\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0642\u0635\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u062a\u062c\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u062c\u0646\u062f\u064a \u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a \u064a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0645\u0645\u0631\u0636\u0629 \u0628\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649.[5]<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n

\u0648\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0628\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0633\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0637\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0625\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644. \u0648\u064a\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0648\u0636\u0648\u062d \u0627\u0647\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0647\u0645\u0646\u063a\u0648\u0627\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062a\u0631 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u062a\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0637\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639 \u0633\u064a\u0638\u0644 \u062d\u0627\u0636\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0647.<\/p>\n

\u0623\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0628 \u0647\u0645\u0646\u063a\u0648\u0627\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628\u064a<\/h2>\n

\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0647\u0645\u0646\u063a\u0648\u0627\u064a \u0628\u0623\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0628 \u0646\u062b\u0631\u064a \u0634\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u060c \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062b\u0641\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u062a\u062c\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631 \u0642\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0641\u064a \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0625\u0630 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0628 \u0635\u062d\u064a\u0641\u0629 Kansas City Star<\/em> \u0641\u064a \u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u064a\u0634\u062f\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0635\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u064a\u0629.[6]<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n

\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0628\u0633\u0627\u0637\u0629 \u0623\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0628\u0647 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0628\u0633\u0627\u0637\u0629 \u0623\u0641\u0643\u0627\u0631\u0647. \u0641\u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0647 \u064a\u0623\u062a\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0642\u0648\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0634\u0639\u0631 \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0626. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0634\u062a\u0647\u0631\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u00ab\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u00bb\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u064f\u062a\u0631\u0643 \u0623\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0621 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0636\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0626 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0631.<\/p>\n

\u0648\u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0628 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b. \u0648\u062a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0646\u063a\u0631\u0633 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0623\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0628 \u0647\u0645\u0646\u063a\u0648\u0627\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a \u062a\u0631\u0643 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u062c\u0627\u0621\u0648\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f\u0647.[7]<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n

\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0648\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0641\u064a<\/h2>\n

\u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0643\u0646 \u0647\u0645\u0646\u063a\u0648\u0627\u064a \u0631\u0648\u0627\u0626\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u064a\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0635\u0631\u0647\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u063a\u0637\u0649 \u0639\u062f\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0632\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0648\u0628. \u0648\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629<\/a> \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u062d\u0631\u0628\u064a\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637\u062a \u062a\u062c\u0631\u0628\u062a\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0627 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0628\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0641\u064a \u0648\u0628\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0642\u0629. \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0636\u062d \u0648\u062b\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0646\u063a\u0631\u0633 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u062c\u0646\u0628\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629<\/a>\u060c \u0628\u0639\u062f \u062a\u062c\u0631\u0628\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649<\/a>.[8]<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n

\u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u062e\u0644\u061b \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0648\u0633\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0644. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u062a\u0627\u062d\u062a \u0644\u0647 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0631\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0646\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0641\u064a \u0631\u0648\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0627\u0639.<\/p>\n

\u0644\u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0642\u0631\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0633<\/h2>\n

\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0647\u0645\u0646\u063a\u0648\u0627\u064a \u0631\u0648\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0642\u0631\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0633<\/em> \u0639\u0627\u0645 1940\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0631\u0648\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629<\/a>. \u0648\u062a\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a \u064a\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062a\u0627\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631\u064a\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0637 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0628. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u062b\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0644\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629<\/a>\u060c \u0648\u0623\u062f\u0631\u062c\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0646\u063a\u0631\u0633 \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u0633\u0647\u0645\u062a \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a.[9]<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n

\u0648\u062a\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u062a\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0639 \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0647\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0647\u0645\u0646\u063a\u0648\u0627\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0636\u062d\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0638\u0644 \u0627\u0647\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0645\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064b\u0627 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u064a\u062a\u0635\u0631\u0641 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u062f \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u0637\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\n

\u0625\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0645\u0635\u0627\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646<\/h2>\n

\u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0625\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0627\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0647\u0645\u0646\u063a\u0648\u0627\u064a \u0648\u0623\u062f\u0628\u0647. \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0632\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0647\u062a\u0645 \u0628\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0645\u0635\u0627\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646. \u0648\u0638\u0647\u0631\u062a \u0625\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627 \u0628\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0631\u0632\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0633 \u062a\u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627<\/em>\u060c \u062b\u0645 \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629<\/a> \u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0644\u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0642\u0631\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0633<\/em>.<\/p>\n

\u0648\u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0647\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u0628\u0625\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627 \u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0647\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u062d\u064a\u061b \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0631\u0623\u0649 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629\u064b \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u062c\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0648\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0628. \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u0645\u0647 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u0634\u0647\u0631\u062a\u0647.<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0639\u062c\u0648\u0632 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631<\/h2>\n

\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0647\u0645\u0646\u063a\u0648\u0627\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062c\u0648\u0632 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631<\/em> \u0639\u0627\u0645 1952\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0647 \u0634\u0647\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631\u064b\u0627. \u062a\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0635\u064a\u0627\u062f \u0643\u0648\u0628\u064a \u0639\u062c\u0648\u0632 \u064a\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0642\u0627\u0633\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0623\u0645\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0628\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0632\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0631. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0623\u0639\u0627\u062f\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0623\u0643\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0634\u0647\u062f\u062a \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0633\u0645\u0639\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u062f\u064a.[10]<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n

\u0641\u0627\u0632\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u062c\u0627\u0626\u0632\u0629 \u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a\u062a\u0632\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1953\u060c \u062b\u0645 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u062d\u0647 \u062c\u0627\u0626\u0632\u0629 \u0646\u0648\u0628\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1954. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0648\u0635\u0641\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0645\u0647 \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0647 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0644\u0625\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u0641\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u062f\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062c\u0648\u0632 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631<\/em> \u0648\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0631.[11]<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n

\u062c\u0627\u0626\u0632\u0629 \u0646\u0648\u0628\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628<\/h2>\n

\u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 1954 \u062d\u0635\u0644 \u0625\u0631\u0646\u0633\u062a \u0647\u0645\u0646\u063a\u0648\u0627\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0627\u0626\u0632\u0629 \u0646\u0648\u0628\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628. \u0648\u0623\u0643\u062f\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0626\u0632\u0629 \u0645\u064f\u0646\u062d\u062a \u0644\u0647 \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0625\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u0641\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u0633\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062c\u0648\u0632 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631<\/em>\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0631.[12]<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n

\u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0626\u0632\u0629 \u062a\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0631\u0648\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u0642\u0637\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u062f\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0633\u0647\u0645\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d\u062a \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u062a\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u060c \u062e\u0635\u0648\u0635\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0648\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0639\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0628\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631.<\/p>\n

\u0647\u0645\u0646\u063a\u0648\u0627\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0648\u0628\u0627<\/h2>\n

\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637 \u0647\u0645\u0646\u063a\u0648\u0627\u064a \u0628\u0643\u0648\u0628\u0627 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0645\u064a\u0642\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0639\u0627\u0634 \u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0627\u0641\u0627\u0646\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0632\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u0645 Finca Vig\u00eda<\/em>. \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u0627\u0636\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u064a\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0648\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u0633\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062c\u0648\u0632 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631<\/em>. \u0648\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0648\u0641\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0642\u064a \u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0645\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0647 \u0648\u0645\u0645\u062a\u0644\u0643\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0632\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0642\u062f \u063a\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0639\u0642\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0629<\/a> \u0639\u0627\u0645 1959.[13]<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n

\u0648\u062a\u0643\u062a\u0633\u0628 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0647\u0645\u0646\u063a\u0648\u0627\u064a \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628\u064a. \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0648\u062c\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0648\u0628\u0627 \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0625\u0642\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u0635\u0648\u0631\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0629.<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628 \u0648\u062a\u062c\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0627\u0639<\/h2>\n

\u064a\u062a\u0643\u0631\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0627\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0647\u0645\u0646\u063a\u0648\u0627\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629. \u0641\u0641\u064a \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0627\u0639 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628\u060c \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0628\u0639\u0636\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0632\u0644\u0629. \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u064f\u0642\u0627\u0633 \u0628\u0642\u062f\u0631\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0643\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641\u060c \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a \u0645\u0645\u0643\u0646\u064b\u0627.<\/p>\n

\u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627 \u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u00ab\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0639\u0645\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637\u00bb \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0623\u062f\u0628\u0647\u060c \u0623\u064a \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0633\u0643\u0647 \u0648\u0643\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062a\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0639\u0628\u0629. \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0623\u0646 \u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u062a\u0646\u062a\u0635\u0631 \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0647 \u062a\u0643\u0645\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631.<\/p>\n

\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0646\u0642\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u0643\u0631\u0629<\/h2>\n

\u0646\u064f\u0634\u0631\u062a \u0648\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0646\u0642\u0644\u0629<\/em> \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0648\u0641\u0627\u0629 \u0647\u0645\u0646\u063a\u0648\u0627\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 1964\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0645\u0630\u0643\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0623\u062f\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0634\u0647\u0631 \u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0647 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0633\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0628\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628\u064a.[14]<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n

\u0648\u062a\u062d\u062a\u0641\u0638 \u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0646\u063a\u0631\u0633 \u0628\u0646\u0633\u062e \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u062b\u0642 \u0637\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0627\u062d\u0642\u0629 \u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646\u062a \u0646\u0635\u0648\u0635\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0637\u0627\u062a. \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0636\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635 \u0646\u064f\u0634\u0631 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0648\u0641\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1964\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0646 \u0646\u0633\u062e\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0642\u062d\u0629 \u0644\u0627\u062d\u0642\u0629 \u0623\u0639\u0627\u062f\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0633\u0628\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631.[15]<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u0635\u064a\u0629<\/h2>\n

\u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0647\u0645\u0646\u063a\u0648\u0627\u064a \u0639\u062f\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629. \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0634\u0647\u0631 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b \u0642\u0635\u0635 \u0648\u0639\u0634\u0631 \u0642\u0635\u0627\u0626\u062f<\/em> \u0648\u0631\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0644\u0627 \u0646\u0633\u0627\u0621<\/em> \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0626\u0632 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0623\u062e\u0630 \u0634\u064a\u0626\u064b\u0627<\/em>\u060c \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062c\u0645\u0639\u062a \u0644\u0627\u062d\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629.<\/p>\n

\u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0628\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0628\u0647\u061b \u0641\u0647\u064a \u062a\u0633\u0645\u062d \u0644\u0647 \u0628\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0641 \u0645\u0643\u062b\u0641\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u062d\u0627\u0621. \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0635\u0635\u0647 \u062a\u0628\u062f\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0633\u064a\u0637\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u062e\u0641\u064a \u0648\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0647\u0627 \u0635\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0639\u0645\u0642.<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628<\/h2>\n

\u064a\u064f\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0647\u0645\u0646\u063a\u0648\u0627\u064a \u0628\u0648\u0636\u0648\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646. \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0628\u062f\u0623\u062a \u062a\u062c\u0631\u0628\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0635\u062d\u0641\u064a\u064b\u0627\u060c \u062b\u0645 \u0638\u0644 \u0637\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u062d\u064a\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u064a\u0639\u0648\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0644\u0629. \u0648\u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0643\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u0641\u0635\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628\u061b \u0628\u0644 \u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0633\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0641.<\/p>\n

\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u062e\u0628\u0631\u062a\u0647 \u0643\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0644 \u062d\u0631\u0628\u064a \u062c\u0639\u0644\u062a\u0647 \u0634\u0627\u0647\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b \u0643\u0628\u0631\u0649 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649<\/a> \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629<\/a> \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644\u062a \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0628\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0631\u0648\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0642\u0635\u0635\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u062c\u0639\u0644 \u062d\u064a\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628\u064a\u0629.[16]<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n

\u0648\u0641\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0648\u0625\u0631\u062b\u0647<\/h2>\n

\u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a \u0625\u0631\u0646\u0633\u062a \u0647\u0645\u0646\u063a\u0648\u0627\u064a \u0641\u064a 2 \u064a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0648 1961 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u064a\u062a\u0634\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u064a\u062f\u0627\u0647\u0648\u060c \u0639\u0646 \u0639\u0645\u0631 \u064a\u0646\u0627\u0647\u0632 61 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u064b\u0627. \u0648\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0648\u0641\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0643\u0646 \u0642\u062f \u0638\u0647\u0631\u062a \u0641\u064a \u062d\u064a\u0627\u062a\u0647\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d\u062a \u0623\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0647 \u0648\u0645\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0637\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0648\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0647\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a.<\/p>\n

\u0648\u062a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0647\u0645\u0646\u063a\u0648\u0627\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u062a\u062d\u0641 \u062c\u0648\u0646 \u0641. \u0643\u064a\u0646\u064a\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0646. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0623\u0648\u062f\u0639\u062a \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u062a\u0647 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u062a \u0623\u0631\u0645\u0644\u062a\u0647 \u0645\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0647\u0645\u0646\u063a\u0648\u0627\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0642\u0644 \u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062b\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0645\u062d\u0641\u0648\u0638\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0632\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0628\u064a\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u0648\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0645\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0648\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u062a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062a\u0628\u0639 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631.[17]<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n

\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a<\/h2>\n

\u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0625\u0631\u0646\u0633\u062a \u0647\u0645\u0646\u063a\u0648\u0627\u064a \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0628\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628\u064a\u060c \u062b\u0645 \u062d\u0648\u0651\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0628\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0628 \u0633\u0631\u062f\u064a \u0645\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0636\u0648\u062d \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u062d\u0627\u0621.<\/p>\n

\u0648\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0631 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u062a\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0631\u0648\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0647\u0631\u061b \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0623\u0633\u0647\u0645 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u064a\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u062c\u064a\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0628\u0646\u0648\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0635\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062b\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0645\u0646\u064a. \u0648\u062a\u0624\u0643\u062f \u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0646\u063a\u0631\u0633 \u0623\u0646 \u0623\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0630\u0627 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u062c\u0627\u0621\u0648\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f\u0647.[18]<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n

\u0648\u062a\u0628\u0642\u0649 \u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0633 \u062a\u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627<\/em> \u0648\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0639\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u062d<\/em> \u0648\u0644\u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0642\u0631\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0633<\/em> \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u062c\u0648\u0632 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631<\/em> \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635\u0648\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u064f\u0642\u0631\u0623 \u0644\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0647\u0645\u0646\u063a\u0648\u0627\u064a \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0643\u0627\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0623\u062f\u0628\u064a \u0630\u064a \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u0623\u062d\u062f \u0623\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u0631\u0648\u0627\u0626\u064a\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":3669,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[16],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-3668","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-scientists-figures"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/cosmalore.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3668","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/cosmalore.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/cosmalore.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cosmalore.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cosmalore.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3668"}],"version-history":[{"count":8,"href":"https:\/\/cosmalore.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3668\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4448,"href":"https:\/\/cosmalore.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3668\/revisions\/4448"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cosmalore.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/3669"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/cosmalore.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3668"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cosmalore.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3668"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cosmalore.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3668"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}