{"id":355,"date":"2026-03-19T17:34:06","date_gmt":"2026-03-19T14:04:06","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/cosmalore.com\/ar\/2026\/03\/19\/%d8%aa%d8%b1%d9%83%d9%85%d8%a7%d9%86%d8%b3%d8%aa%d8%a7%d9%86\/"},"modified":"2026-03-19T17:34:06","modified_gmt":"2026-03-19T14:04:06","slug":"%d8%aa%d8%b1%d9%83%d9%85%d8%a7%d9%86%d8%b3%d8%aa%d8%a7%d9%86","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/cosmalore.com\/ar\/2026\/03\/19\/%d8%aa%d8%b1%d9%83%d9%85%d8%a7%d9%86%d8%b3%d8%aa%d8%a7%d9%86\/","title":{"rendered":"\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646"},"content":{"rendered":"<style>\n.geo-wrap{font-family:'Cairo','Tajawal',Arial,sans-serif;direction:rtl;text-align:right;color:#202122;line-height:1.85;max-width:960px;margin:0 auto}\n\/* Infobox *\/\n.geo-infobox{float:left;clear:left;margin:0 0 20px 20px;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-collapse:collapse;background:#f8f9fa;font-size:.88em;line-height:1.6;min-width:280px;max-width:340px}\n@media(max-width:600px){.geo-infobox{float:none;width:100%;max-width:100%;margin:0 0 16px 0}}\n.geo-infobox-title{background:#cee0f2;text-align:center;font-weight:700;font-size:1em;padding:7px 10px;border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1;color:#000}\n.geo-infobox .geo-img-cell{text-align:center;padding:8px;background:#fff;border-bottom:1px solid #eaecf0}\n.geo-infobox .geo-img-cell img{max-width:100%;height:auto;display:block;margin:0 auto}\n.geo-infobox .geo-img-cell figcaption{font-size:.78em;color:#555;margin-top:4px}\n.geo-infobox tr.geo-tg td{background:#cee0f2;text-align:center;font-weight:700;padding:5px 8px;border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1;color:#000;font-size:.9em}\n.geo-infobox tr th{background:#f8f9fa;font-weight:600;padding:4px 8px;border-top:1px solid #eaecf0;vertical-align:top;white-space:nowrap;color:#202122;width:45%}\n.geo-infobox tr td.geo-val{padding:4px 8px;border-top:1px solid #eaecf0;vertical-align:top;color:#202122;background:#fff}\nsup.ref{font-size:.72em;line-height:1;vertical-align:super}\nsup.ref a{color:#0645ad;text-decoration:none;font-weight:normal}\nsup.ref a:hover{text-decoration:underline}\n\/* \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0647 *\/\n.geo-intro{margin:0 0 16px;font-size:1em;color:#202122;text-align:justify}\n.geo-intro p{margin:0 0 12px}\n\/* \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0632 clear *\/\n.geo-clear{clear:both}\n\/* \u0646\u0642\u0634\u0647 *\/\n.geo-map-wrap{margin:20px 0;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-radius:4px;overflow:hidden}\n.geo-map-title{background:#cee0f2;text-align:center;padding:7px;font-weight:700;font-size:.9em;border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1}\n.geo-map-wrap iframe{display:block;border:none;width:100%;height:320px}\n.geo-img-locator{margin:12px 0;text-align:center;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-radius:4px;padding:8px;background:#f8f9fa}\n.geo-img-locator img{max-width:100%;height:auto;display:block;margin:0 auto}\n.geo-img-locator figcaption{font-size:.78em;color:#555;margin-top:5px}\n\/* \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0647 *\/\n.geo-article{margin-top:24px}\n.geo-article h2{font-size:1.3em;font-weight:700;color:#000;border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding-bottom:4px;margin:28px 0 14px}\n.geo-article h3{font-size:1.05em;font-weight:700;color:#000;margin:18px 0 10px}\n.geo-article h4{font-size:.95em;font-weight:700;color:#202122;margin:14px 0 8px}\n.geo-article p{margin:0 0 12px;color:#202122;text-align:justify}\n.geo-img-inline{margin:14px auto;text-align:center;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-radius:4px;padding:6px;background:#f8f9fa;display:table}\n.geo-img-inline img{max-width:100%;height:auto;display:block;margin:0 auto;border-radius:2px}\n.geo-img-inline figcaption{font-size:.78em;color:#555;margin-top:5px}\n<\/style>\n<div class=\"geo-wrap\">\n<table class=\"geo-infobox\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"geo-infobox-title\" colspan=\"2\">\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"geo-img-cell\" colspan=\"2\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/1\/1b\/Flag_of_Turkmenistan.svg\/960px-Flag_of_Turkmenistan.svg.png\" alt=\"\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\" loading=\"eager\"><figcaption>\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0640\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646<\/figcaption><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"geo-img-cell\" colspan=\"2\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/flagcdn.com\/w640\/tm.png\" alt=\"\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\" loading=\"lazy\" style=\"max-width:200px\"><figcaption>\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a \u0644\u0640\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646<\/figcaption><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<table class=\"geo-info-table\">\n<tbody>\n<tr class=\"geo-tg\">\n<td colspan=\"2\">\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a<\/th>\n<td class=\"geo-val\">\u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/turkmenistan\/\" title=\"1|CIA World Factbook|2024\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[1]<\/a><\/sup><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/th>\n<td class=\"geo-val\">T\u00fcrkmenistan Respublikasy<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/turkmenistan\/\" title=\"1|CIA World Factbook|2024\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[1]<\/a><\/sup><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a<\/th>\n<td class=\"geo-val\">Gara\u015fsyz Bitarap T\u00fcrkmenistany\u0148 D\u00f6wlet Gimni (\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a \u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u064a\u062f\u0629)<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/turkmenistan\/\" title=\"1|CIA World Factbook|2024\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[1]<\/a><\/sup><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"geo-tg\">\n<td colspan=\"2\">\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b\u064a\u0627\u062a<\/th>\n<td class=\"geo-val\">39 00 N, 60 00 E<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/turkmenistan\/\" title=\"1|CIA World Factbook|2024\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[1]<\/a><\/sup><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 (\u0643\u0645\u00b2)<\/th>\n<td class=\"geo-val\">488,100<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/turkmenistan\/\" title=\"1|CIA World Factbook|2024\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[1]<\/a><\/sup><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>\u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u0645\u0629 (\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639)<\/th>\n<td class=\"geo-val\">\u0642\u0645\u0629 \u0622\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0628\u0627\u0628\u0627 (A\u00fdrybaba), 3,139 \u0645\u062a\u0631<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/turkmenistan\/\" title=\"1|CIA World Factbook|2024\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[1]<\/a><\/sup><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>\u0623\u062e\u0641\u0636 \u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629 (\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639)<\/th>\n<td class=\"geo-val\">\u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636 \u0623\u0643\u062c\u0627\u063a\u0627\u064a\u0627 (Akjaga\u00fda Depressi\u00fdasy), -81 \u0645\u062a\u0631<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/turkmenistan\/\" title=\"1|CIA World Factbook|2024\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[1]<\/a><\/sup><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0645\u0629<\/th>\n<td class=\"geo-val\">\u0639\u0634\u0642 \u0623\u0628\u0627\u062f (Ashgabat)<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/turkmenistan\/\" title=\"1|CIA World Factbook|2024\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[1]<\/a><\/sup><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>\u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0629<\/th>\n<td class=\"geo-val\">\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 (\u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0629) 72%\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0629 12%\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0632\u0628\u0643\u064a\u0629 9%\u060c \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 7%<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/turkmenistan\/\" title=\"1|CIA World Factbook|2024\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[1]<\/a><\/sup><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>\u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646<\/th>\n<td class=\"geo-val\">\u0639\u0634\u0642 \u0623\u0628\u0627\u062f<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/place\/Turkmenistan\" title=\"2|Britannica|2024\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[2]<\/a><\/sup><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646 (2025)<\/th>\n<td class=\"geo-val\">6,281,957<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/data.worldbank.org\/indicator\/SP.POP.TOTL?locations=TM\" title=\"3|World Bank|2025\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[3]<\/a><\/sup><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>\u062a\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631<\/th>\n<td class=\"geo-val\">5,125,000 (2012)<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/place\/Turkmenistan\" title=\"2|Britannica|2024\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[2]<\/a><\/sup><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0648\u0631 (2024)<\/th>\n<td class=\"geo-val\">3,041,932<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/turkmenistan\/\" title=\"1|CIA World Factbook|2024\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[1]<\/a><\/sup><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0627\u062b (2024)<\/th>\n<td class=\"geo-val\">3,162,482<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/turkmenistan\/\" title=\"1|CIA World Factbook|2024\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[1]<\/a><\/sup><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>\u0627\u0644\u0643\u062b\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 (\u0646\/\u0643\u0645\u00b2)<\/th>\n<td class=\"geo-val\">12.87 (2025)<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/data.worldbank.org\/indicator\/SP.POP.TOTL?locations=TM\" title=\"3|World Bank|2025\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[3]<\/a><\/sup><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0636\u0631<\/th>\n<td class=\"geo-val\">3,327,872 (2024)<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/turkmenistan\/\" title=\"1|CIA World Factbook|2024\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[1]<\/a><\/sup><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0641<\/th>\n<td class=\"geo-val\">2,876,539 (2024)<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/turkmenistan\/\" title=\"1|CIA World Factbook|2024\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[1]<\/a><\/sup><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639<\/th>\n<td class=\"geo-val\">70.81 \u0633\u0646\u0629 (\u0625\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646\u060c 2024)<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/turkmenistan\/\" title=\"1|CIA World Factbook|2024\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[1]<\/a><\/sup><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0629<\/th>\n<td class=\"geo-val\">99.8% (\u0625\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646\u060c 2018)<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/turkmenistan\/\" title=\"1|CIA World Factbook|2024\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[1]<\/a><\/sup><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"geo-tg\">\n<td colspan=\"2\">\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645<\/th>\n<td class=\"geo-val\">\u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0631\u0626\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629\u061b \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u062f\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/turkmenistan\/\" title=\"1|CIA World Factbook|2024\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[1]<\/a><\/sup><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \/ \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a (\u0645\u0639 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0644\u064a)<\/th>\n<td class=\"geo-val\">\u0633\u0631\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u064a\u0631\u062f\u064a \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f\u0648\u0641 (Serdar Berdimuhamedow)\u061b \u062a\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0635\u0628 \u0641\u064a 19 \u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633 2022<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/turkmenistan\/\" title=\"1|CIA World Factbook|2024\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[1]<\/a><\/sup><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0621 \/ \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a (\u0645\u0639 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0644\u064a)<\/th>\n<td class=\"geo-val\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0635\u0628 \u064a\u0634\u063a\u0644\u0647 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/turkmenistan\/\" title=\"1|CIA World Factbook|2024\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[1]<\/a><\/sup><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629<\/th>\n<td class=\"geo-val\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 (Mejlis) (\u0628\u0631\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f)<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/turkmenistan\/\" title=\"1|CIA World Factbook|2024\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[1]<\/a><\/sup><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630\u064a\u0629<\/th>\n<td class=\"geo-val\">\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u060c \u0648\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0621<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/turkmenistan\/\" title=\"1|CIA World Factbook|2024\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[1]<\/a><\/sup><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"geo-tg\">\n<td colspan=\"2\">\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0633\u064a\u0633 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0633\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644<\/th>\n<td class=\"geo-val\">27 \u0623\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0628\u0631 1924 (\u062a\u0623\u0633\u064a\u0633 \u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0641\u064a\u062a\u064a\u0629)<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/place\/Turkmenistan\" title=\"2|Britannica|2024\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[2]<\/a><\/sup><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 (\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e)<\/th>\n<td class=\"geo-val\">\u062a\u0623\u0633\u064a\u0633 \u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0641\u064a\u062a\u064a\u0629 (27 \u0623\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0628\u0631 1924)\u061b \u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 (22 \u0623\u063a\u0633\u0637\u0633 1990)\u061b \u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644 (27 \u0623\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0628\u0631 1991)\u061b \u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645 (12 \u062f\u064a\u0633\u0645\u0628\u0631 1995)<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/turkmenistan\/\" title=\"1|CIA World Factbook|2024\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[1]<\/a><\/sup><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a<\/th>\n<td class=\"geo-val\">27 \u0623\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0628\u0631 1991<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/turkmenistan\/\" title=\"1|CIA World Factbook|2024\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[1]<\/a><\/sup><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a (\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0635\u062f\u0627\u0631)<\/th>\n<td class=\"geo-val\">18 \u0645\u0627\u064a\u0648 1992 (\u0645\u0639 \u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0627\u062d\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0622\u062e\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a 2023)<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/turkmenistan\/\" title=\"1|CIA World Factbook|2024\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[1]<\/a><\/sup><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"geo-tg\">\n<td colspan=\"2\">\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a (PPP)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>\u0633\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631<\/th>\n<td class=\"geo-val\">2025<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.imf.org\/en\/Countries\/TKM\" title=\"4|IMF WEO|2024\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[4]<\/a><\/sup><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a (\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0631)<\/th>\n<td class=\"geo-val\">168.618<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.imf.org\/en\/Countries\/TKM\" title=\"4|IMF WEO|2024\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[4]<\/a><\/sup><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>\u0646\u0635\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f (\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0631)<\/th>\n<td class=\"geo-val\">27,105.15<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.imf.org\/en\/Countries\/TKM\" title=\"4|IMF WEO|2024\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[4]<\/a><\/sup><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"geo-tg\">\n<td colspan=\"2\">\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a (\u0627\u0633\u0645\u064a)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>\u0633\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631<\/th>\n<td class=\"geo-val\">2025<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.imf.org\/en\/Countries\/TKM\" title=\"4|IMF WEO|2024\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[4]<\/a><\/sup><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a (\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0631)<\/th>\n<td class=\"geo-val\">78.857<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.imf.org\/en\/Countries\/TKM\" title=\"4|IMF WEO|2024\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[4]<\/a><\/sup><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>\u0646\u0635\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f (\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0631)<\/th>\n<td class=\"geo-val\">12,683.05<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.imf.org\/en\/Countries\/TKM\" title=\"4|IMF WEO|2024\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[4]<\/a><\/sup><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"geo-tg\">\n<td colspan=\"2\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a<\/th>\n<td class=\"geo-val\">6.3% (2025)<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.imf.org\/en\/Countries\/TKM\" title=\"4|IMF WEO|2024\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[4]<\/a><\/sup><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0636\u062e\u0645<\/th>\n<td class=\"geo-val\">8.0% (2025)<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.imf.org\/en\/Countries\/TKM\" title=\"4|IMF WEO|2024\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[4]<\/a><\/sup><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0629<\/th>\n<td class=\"geo-val\">11.2% (2014)<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/turkmenistan\/\" title=\"1|CIA World Factbook|2024\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[1]<\/a><\/sup><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u062c\u064a\u0646\u064a<\/th>\n<td class=\"geo-val\">40.8 (2012)<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/data.worldbank.org\/indicator\/SI.POV.GINI?locations=TM\" title=\"5|World Bank|2012\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[5]<\/a><\/sup><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>\u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629 (HDI) \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062a\u064a\u0628<\/th>\n<td class=\"geo-val\">0.745\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062a\u064a\u0628 78 (2021)<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/hdr.undp.org\/data-center\/country-profiles\/profiles\/TKM\" title=\"6|UNDP HDR|2022\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[6]<\/a><\/sup><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u064a\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629<\/th>\n<td class=\"geo-val\">\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0637\u0628\u0642 (\u062a\u064f\u0637\u0628\u0642 \u0636\u0631\u064a\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0627\u062a)<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.imf.org\/en\/Publications\/CR\/Issues\/2019\/10\/24\/Turkmenistan-Staff-Report-for-the-2019-Article-IV-Consultation-48767\" title=\"7|IMF Country Report|2019\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[7]<\/a><\/sup><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"geo-tg\">\n<td colspan=\"2\">\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0629<\/th>\n<td class=\"geo-val\">\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0631\u0643\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f (TMT)<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/turkmenistan\/\" title=\"1|CIA World Factbook|2024\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[1]<\/a><\/sup><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a<\/th>\n<td class=\"geo-val\">\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a \u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/turkmenistan\/\" title=\"1|CIA World Factbook|2024\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[1]<\/a><\/sup><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>\u0631\u0642\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u0627\u0631\u0626<\/th>\n<td class=\"geo-val\">\u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629: \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0637\u0629 02\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0637\u0641\u0627\u0621 01\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0639\u0627\u0641 03<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/turkmenistan\/\" title=\"1|CIA World Factbook|2024\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[1]<\/a><\/sup><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629 (UTC)<\/th>\n<td class=\"geo-val\">UTC+5<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/turkmenistan\/\" title=\"1|CIA World Factbook|2024\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[1]<\/a><\/sup><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642<\/th>\n<td class=\"geo-val\">\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0646<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/turkmenistan\/\" title=\"1|CIA World Factbook|2024\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[1]<\/a><\/sup><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0631<\/th>\n<td class=\"geo-val\">\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0646<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/turkmenistan\/\" title=\"1|CIA World Factbook|2024\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[1]<\/a><\/sup><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>\u0631\u0645\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a (TLD)<\/th>\n<td class=\"geo-val\">.tm<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/turkmenistan\/\" title=\"1|CIA World Factbook|2024\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[1]<\/a><\/sup><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>\u0631\u0645\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u062a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a<\/th>\n<td class=\"geo-val\">+993<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/turkmenistan\/\" title=\"1|CIA World Factbook|2024\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[1]<\/a><\/sup><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>\u0631\u0645\u0632 ISO 3166-1<\/th>\n<td class=\"geo-val\">TM<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/turkmenistan\/\" title=\"1|CIA World Factbook|2024\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[1]<\/a><\/sup><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629<\/th>\n<td class=\"geo-val\">https:\/\/www.turkmenistan.gov.tm\/<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/turkmenistan\/\" title=\"1|CIA World Factbook|2024\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[1]<\/a><\/sup><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p style=\"font-size:.95em;color:#555;font-style:italic;margin:0 0 10px\">\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0622\u0633\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u062d\u0631 \u0642\u0632\u0648\u064a\u0646 \u063a\u0631\u0628\u064b\u0627.<\/p>\n<div class=\"geo-intro\">\n<p>\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u060c \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0622\u0633\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0622\u0633\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0649\u060c \u062a\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u0628\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0631\u0628\u0637 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0648\u062f \u0648\u0634\u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u064a\u0629. \u062a\u062d\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0632\u0627\u062e\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0623\u0648\u0632\u0628\u0643\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642\u064a \u0623\u0641\u063a\u0627\u0646\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628 \u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062d\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628 \u0628\u062d\u0631 \u0642\u0632\u0648\u064a\u0646<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/turkmenistan\/geography\" title=\"1|CIA World Factbook|2026\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[1]<\/a><\/sup>. \u062a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u064f\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062a\u0631\u0641 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.un.org\/press\/en\/2023\/ga12513.doc.htm\" title=\"2|UN|2023\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[2]<\/a><\/sup>\u060c \u0644\u0627\u0639\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0625\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0647\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u0633\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u060c \u0648\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0643\u062c\u0633\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0633\u0639.<\/p>\n<p>\u062a\u0628\u0644\u063a \u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a 491,210 \u0643\u064a\u0644\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631 \u0645\u0631\u0628\u0639<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/turkmenistan\/geography\" title=\"3|CIA World Factbook|2026\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[3]<\/a><\/sup>\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0629<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/place\/Turkmenistan\/Peopleref24806\" title=\"4|Britannica|2026\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[4]<\/a><\/sup>. \u064a\u064f\u0642\u062f\u0631 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0646\u062d\u0648 7.0 \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0646\u0633\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0645 2026<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.un.org\/development\/desa\/pd\/content\/world-population-prospects\" title=\"5|UN Population Division|2026\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[5]<\/a><\/sup>\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0636\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0629 112 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064b\u0627<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.worldbank.org\/en\/country\/turkmenistan\/overview\" title=\"6|World Bank|2026\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[6]<\/a><\/sup>. \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f (\u062a\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629) \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a 21,500 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 2026\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c \u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a \u0625\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0625\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a (\u062a\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629) \u064a\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 150 \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.imf.org\/en\/Countries\/TKM\" title=\"7|IMF|2026\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[7]<\/a><\/sup>\u060c \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0636\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 70 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0648\u0631.<\/p>\n<p>\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0648\u0631\u060c \u0644\u0639\u0628\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u064f\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0643\u0645\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0649 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0636\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0645\u0645\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u0634\u0647\u062f \u0645\u0631\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0637\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0631\u062b\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/place\/Turkmenistan\/History\" title=\"8|Britannica|2026\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[8]<\/a><\/sup>. \u0634\u0647\u062f\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0644\u0627\u062d\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0627 \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0625\u0645\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0637\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u062c\u0642\u0629\u060c \u062b\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0632\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u062c\u0632\u0621\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0622\u0633\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629. \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0633\u0639 \u0639\u0634\u0631\u060c \u062e\u0636\u0639\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0637\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u062b\u0645 \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d\u062a \u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0633\u0648\u0641\u064a\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646\u060c \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0646\u0627\u0644\u062a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 1991<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/turkmenistan\/history\" title=\"9|CIA World Factbook|2026\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[9]<\/a><\/sup>. \u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638\u062a \u062a\u0631\u0643\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u062f\u060c \u0645\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062b\u0631\u0648\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p>\u0641\u064a \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0647\u0646\u0629\u060c \u062a\u064f\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0631\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0643\u062f\u0629<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/turkmenistan\/energy\" title=\"10|CIA World Factbook|2026\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[10]<\/a><\/sup>\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631. \u062a\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u064a\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.worldbank.org\/en\/country\/turkmenistan\/overview\" title=\"11|World Bank|2026\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[11]<\/a><\/sup>. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0633\u0639\u0649 \u0644\u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0643\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631 \u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0625\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0639 \u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0632 \u0644\u062a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0623\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0631\u0624\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 2030 \u0648\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f\u0647<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.un.org\/sustainabledevelopment\/countries\/turkmenistan\/\" title=\"12|UN Sustainable Development|2026\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[12]<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"geo-clear\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"geo-map-wrap\">\n<div class=\"geo-map-title\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0629<\/div>\n<p><iframe src=\"https:\/\/www.openstreetmap.org\/export\/embed.html?bbox=54.375,36.1875,65.625,41.8125&amp;layer=mapnik&amp;marker=39,60\" width=\"100%\" height=\"320\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" loading=\"lazy\" title=\"\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0629 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\"><\/iframe><\/div>\n<figure class=\"geo-img-locator\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/staticmap.openstreetmap.de\/staticmap.php?center=39,60&amp;zoom=5&amp;size=600x300&amp;markers=39,60,red\" alt=\"\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0629 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\" loading=\"lazy\" onerror=\"this.closest('figure').style.display='none'\"><figcaption>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0644\u0640\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<div class=\"geo-article\">\n<h2>\u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639<\/h2>\n<p>\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0622\u0633\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0649\u060c \u062a\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u0628\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0642 \u0637\u0631\u0642 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062d\u062a\u0644 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u0631 \u0628\u0646\u062d\u0648 491,210 \u0643\u064a\u0644\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631 \u0645\u0631\u0628\u0639\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0622\u0633\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0643\u0627\u0632\u0627\u062e\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/turkmenistan\/#geography\" title=\"1|CIA World Factbook|2024\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[1]<\/a><\/sup>. \u064a\u062d\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0643\u0627\u0632\u0627\u062e\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0623\u0648\u0632\u0628\u0643\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0623\u0648\u0632\u0628\u0643\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628 \u0623\u0641\u063a\u0627\u0646\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062d\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628 \u0628\u062d\u0631 \u0642\u0632\u0648\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0645\u0646\u062d\u0647\u0627 \u0634\u0631\u064a\u0637\u064b\u0627 \u0633\u0627\u062d\u0644\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u064a\u0628\u0644\u063a \u0637\u0648\u0644\u0647 \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a 1,768 \u0643\u064a\u0644\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631\u064b\u0627<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/place\/Turkmenistan\/Physiographic-regions\" title=\"2|Britannica|2024\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[2]<\/a><\/sup>. \u062a\u062a\u0633\u0645 \u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u063a\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0627\u0631\u064a\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u063a\u0637\u064a \u0635\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0642\u0631\u0647 \u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0633\u0639\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 80% \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u062e\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nationalgeographic.com\/science\/article\/earths-changing-landscapes-the-karakum-desert\" title=\"3|National Geographic|2023\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[3]<\/a><\/sup>. \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a \u062c\u0639\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0632\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0644\u0639\u0628 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0631\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0644<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/markets\/commodities\/turkmenistan-aims-boost-trade-central-asia-energy-ties-2024-03-20\/\" title=\"4|Reuters|2024\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[4]<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u062e \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0636\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0633<\/h3>\n<figure class=\"geo-img-inline\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/8\/8a\/Darvasa_gas_crater_panorama.jpg\" alt=\"\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\" loading=\"lazy\"><figcaption>\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0644\u0641\u0648\u0647\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u0641\u0627\u0632\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0648\u0641\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u0645 &quot;\u0628\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062d\u064a\u0645&quot;\u060c \u0641\u064a \u0635\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0642\u0631\u0647 \u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u060c \u062a\u064f\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0623\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0647\u062c\u0629 \u0644\u064a\u0644\u0627\u064b.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>\u062a\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0645\u0646\u0627\u062e \u0635\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0648\u064a \u0642\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0634\u062f\u064a\u062f\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0633\u0648\u062f \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0642\u062f \u062a\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 40 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u064a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0648\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062a\u0627\u0621 \u0644\u062a\u0635\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0627 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u064a\u0646\u0627\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0641\u0628\u0631\u0627\u064a\u0631\u060c \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0629<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/turkmenistan\/#geography\" title=\"5|CIA World Factbook|2024\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[5]<\/a><\/sup>. \u064a\u0628\u0644\u063a \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0647\u0637\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0648\u064a \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a 80 \u0625\u0644\u0649 200 \u0645\u0644\u0645 \u0641\u0642\u0637\u060c \u0648\u064a\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0645\u0639\u0638\u0645\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u062a\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0648\u062a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0629<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/place\/Turkmenistan\/Climate\" title=\"6|Britannica|2024\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[6]<\/a><\/sup>. \u062a\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0636\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0635\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0642\u0631\u0647 \u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0633\u0639\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0634\u063a\u0644 \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a 80% \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u0628\u0643\u062b\u0628\u0627\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0641\u0648\u0647\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u0641\u0627\u0632\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0639\u0644<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nationalgeographic.com\/science\/article\/earths-changing-landscapes-the-karakum-desert\" title=\"7|National Geographic|2023\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[7]<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f \u064a\u062d\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0629 \u062c\u0628\u0627\u0644 \u0643\u0648\u0628\u064a\u062a \u062f\u0627\u063a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0635\u0644 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u0645\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a 2,912 \u0645\u062a\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0633\u0637\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u062a\u0636\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u062c\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0639\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0627\u062e \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0646\u0628\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062d\u064a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0629<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/place\/Turkmenistan\/Physiographic-regions\" title=\"8|Britannica|2024\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[8]<\/a><\/sup>. \u062a\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0633\u0647\u0648\u0644 \u0642\u0632\u0648\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0634\u0631\u064a\u0637\u064b\u0627 \u0633\u0627\u062d\u0644\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u062d\u0631 \u0642\u0632\u0648\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0628\u062d\u0631 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a \u0645\u0627\u0644\u062d \u064a\u0628\u0644\u063a \u0623\u062f\u0646\u0649 \u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a 28 \u0645\u062a\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0633\u0637\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u062a\u0631\u0633\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0646\u0641\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u063a\u0627\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0644\u0639\u0628 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/turkmenistan\/#geography\" title=\"9|CIA World Factbook|2024\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[9]<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p>\n<p>\u062a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0631\u0643\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0647\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0637\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0646\u0647\u0631 \u0622\u0645\u0648 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0639\u062f \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u062e\u0635\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0632 \u0644\u0644\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0622\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u064a\u0646<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/place\/Turkmenistan\/Climate\" title=\"10|Britannica|2024\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[10]<\/a><\/sup>. \u062a\u062a\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u0623\u0646\u062d\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0644\u0648\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0644\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u062e\u0631 \u0648\u0646\u0642\u0635 \u0647\u0637\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0637\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u064a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0631\u064a \u0645\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631\u0629<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.worldbank.org\/en\/country\/eca\/publication\/turkmenistan-country-environmental-analysis-report\" title=\"11|World Bank|2022\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[11]<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p>\n<p>\u062a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u062e\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0632\u0627\u064a\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0634\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0627\u062a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0648\u0627\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0641\u0627\u0641\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0647\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0630\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0648\u064a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0634\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0628\u0627\u0644<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.un.org\/sustainabledevelopment\/blog\/2023\/10\/turkmenistan-committed-to-climate-action\/\" title=\"12|UN|2023\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[12]<\/a><\/sup>. \u062a\u0644\u0639\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0646\u0642\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0641\u0629\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0628\u062d\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0633\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0634\u060c \u062f\u0648\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0647\u0645\u064b\u0627\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u062c\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0642\u0644\u0628 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nationalgeographic.com\/environment\/article\/aral-sea-disaster\" title=\"13|National Geographic|2010\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[13]<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629<\/h3>\n<figure class=\"geo-img-inline\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/0\/0c\/Pokrovkaya_Church%2C_Mary.jpg\" alt=\"\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\" loading=\"lazy\"><figcaption>\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0643\u0646\u064a\u0633\u0629 \u0628\u0648\u0643\u0631\u0648\u0641\u0643\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062b\u0648\u0630\u0643\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0627\u0631\u064a\u060c \u062a\u0631\u0643\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u060c \u062a\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>\u062a\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0631\u0643\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u064b\u0627\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0647\u0631 \u0622\u0645\u0648 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0646\u0628\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0628\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u064a\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062c\u0632\u0621\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0644\u0623\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0628<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/turkmenistan\/#geography\" title=\"14|CIA World Factbook|2024\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[14]<\/a><\/sup>. \u064a\u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642 \u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0622\u0645\u0648 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0627 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0642\u0646\u0627\u0629 \u0642\u0631\u0647 \u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u062e\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0645\u062a\u062f \u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u062a\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0639\u0646 1,300 \u0643\u064a\u0644\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u062f\u0649 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064d \u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0629\u060c \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0644\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0646<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/place\/Turkmenistan\/Climate\" title=\"15|Britannica|2024\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[15]<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p>\n<p>\u0645\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0623\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062b\u0641 \u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0622\u0645\u0648 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0631\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062f\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u062e\u0637\u064a\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0628\u0631\u0632\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0642\u0644\u0635 \u0628\u062d\u0631 \u0622\u0631\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0631\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0631\u062b\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0634\u0645\u0644\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u062d\u0631 \u0648\u062a\u0645\u0644\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0644\u0648\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nationalgeographic.com\/environment\/article\/aral-sea-disaster\" title=\"16|National Geographic|2010\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[16]<\/a><\/sup>. \u062a\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u0632\u0627\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0647\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c \u0639\u0646 \u0633\u0648\u0621 \u0635\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0642\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u062e\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0648\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u0629<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.worldbank.org\/en\/country\/eca\/publication\/turkmenistan-country-environmental-analysis-report\" title=\"17|World Bank|2022\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[17]<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p>\n<p>\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0644\u0648\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0631\u0637 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0645\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u064a\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0628 \u0648\u064a\u0647\u062f\u062f \u0635\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.who.int\/docs\/default-source\/documents\/country-profiles\/turkmenistan-country-profile.pdf\" title=\"18|WHO|2023\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[18]<\/a><\/sup>. \u062a\u0628\u0630\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u062c\u0647\u0648\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a \u0648\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0642\u064a\u0637\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0632\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0637\u064a\u0626\u064b\u0627 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.un.org\/sustainabledevelopment\/blog\/2023\/10\/turkmenistan-committed-to-climate-action\/\" title=\"19|UN|2023\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[19]<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p>\n<p>\u062a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0631\u0643\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u0645\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a\u064b\u0627\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0636\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0628\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0637\u0628\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0623\u0648\u064a \u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639\u064b\u0627 \u0646\u0628\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062d\u064a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0639\u0636\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0647\u062f\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u063a\u0632\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0628\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0631\u0633\u064a<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nationalgeographic.com\/animals\/mammals\/facts\/persian-leopard\" title=\"20|National Geographic|2021\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[20]<\/a><\/sup>. \u062a\u0645 \u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u062a\u0646\u0632\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u0631\u0647 \u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u062d\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0648\u0628\u064a\u062a \u062f\u0627\u063a\u060c \u0628\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/place\/Turkmenistan\/Climate\" title=\"21|Britannica|2024\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[21]<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0633\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646<\/h3>\n<p>\u062a\u0646\u0642\u0633\u0645 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062e\u0645\u0633 \u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a (\u0641\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a) \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0635\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0639\u0634\u0642 \u0623\u0628\u0627\u062f\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/turkmenistan\/#government\" title=\"22|CIA World Factbook|2024\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[22]<\/a><\/sup>. \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0645\u0633 \u0647\u064a: \u0623\u062d\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0648\u062f\u0627\u0634\u0648\u063a\u0648\u0632\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0628\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0627\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0644 \u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0646\u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0637\u0639\u0627\u062a (\u0625\u062a\u0631\u0627ps) \u0623\u0635\u063a\u0631<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/place\/Turkmenistan\/People\" title=\"23|Britannica|2024\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[23]<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p>\n<p>\u0639\u0634\u0642 \u0623\u0628\u0627\u062f\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0645\u0629\u060c \u062a\u0642\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0648\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a 25 \u0643\u064a\u0644\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u062c\u0628\u0627\u0644 \u0643\u0648\u0628\u064a\u062a \u062f\u0627\u063a\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0634\u062a\u0647\u0631 \u0628\u0645\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0630\u0647\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062e\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u064a\u0636\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0637\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0632\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0634\u0647\u062f\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u062d\u0636\u0631\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 1991<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nationalgeographic.com\/travel\/article\/ashgabat-turkmenistan-marble-city\" title=\"24|National Geographic|2017\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[24]<\/a><\/sup>. \u0628\u0644\u063a \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0634\u0642 \u0623\u0628\u0627\u062f \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a 1.1 \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0646\u0633\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 2024\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0642\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0636\u0645 \u0645\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0627\u062d\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.worldbank.org\/en\/country\/turkmenistan\/overview\" title=\"25|World Bank|2024\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[25]<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p>\n<p>\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u0628\u0627\u062f (\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0648\u0641\u0629 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631\u062c\u0648)\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0647\u0631 \u0622\u0645\u0648 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0647\u064a \u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0631\u0643\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u064a\u0628\u0644\u063a \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a 280,000 \u0646\u0633\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 2024<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/place\/Turkmenabat\" title=\"26|Britannica|2024\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[26]<\/a><\/sup>. \u062a\u0639\u062f \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064b\u0627 \u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0639\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0647\u0645\u064b\u0627\u060c \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0646 \u0648\u062a\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0637\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0644\u0639\u0628 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0643\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0625\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a \u064a\u0631\u0628\u0637 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0623\u0648\u0632\u0628\u0643\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/markets\/commodities\/turkmenistan-aims-boost-trade-central-asia-energy-ties-2024-03-20\/\" title=\"27|Reuters|2024\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[27]<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p>\n<p>\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0627\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0627\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0647\u064a \u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u064a\u0642\u062f\u0631 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a 150,000 \u0646\u0633\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 2024\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0634\u062a\u0647\u0631 \u0628\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0643\u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0622\u0633\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0649\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u062c\u0632\u0621\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0645\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062b\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0639\u062f \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0644\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646\u0633\u0643\u0648<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/place\/Mary-Turkmenistan\" title=\"28|Britannica|2024\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[28]<\/a><\/sup>. \u062a\u0632\u062f\u0647\u0631 \u0645\u0627\u0631\u064a \u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0643\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0646\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/turkmenistan\/#economy\" title=\"29|CIA World Factbook|2024\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[29]<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p>\n<p>\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u0628\u0627\u062f (\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0648\u0641\u0629 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0646\u064a\u0628\u062a \u062f\u0627\u063a)\u060c \u0647\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0635\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u062a\u0642\u0639 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u062d\u0631 \u0642\u0632\u0648\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0642\u062f\u0631 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a 100,000 \u0646\u0633\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 2024\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064b\u0627 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0637 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0632 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f \u0628\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0635\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0631<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/place\/Balkanabat\" title=\"30|Britannica|2024\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[30]<\/a><\/sup>. \u062f\u0627\u0634\u0648\u063a\u0648\u0632\u060c \u0639\u0627\u0635\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u0634\u0648\u063a\u0648\u0632 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644\u060c \u064a\u0628\u0644\u063a \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a 160,000 \u0646\u0633\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 2024\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0639\u062f \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064b\u0627 \u0632\u0631\u0627\u0639\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0647\u0645\u064b\u0627\u060c \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0632\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0646\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0634\u062a\u0647\u0631 \u0628\u0642\u0631\u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0642\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648\u0631\u062c\u0646\u062a\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062b\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u062c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646\u0633\u0643\u0648 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/place\/Dashoguz\" title=\"31|Britannica|2024\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[31]<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p>\n<h2>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e<\/h2>\n<p>\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0642\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0644\u0628 \u0622\u0633\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0649\u060c \u062a\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u0628\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u063a\u0646\u064a \u064a\u0645\u062a\u062f \u0644\u0622\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u064a\u0646\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0649 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0636\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0645\u0645\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0638\u064a\u0645<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/place\/Turkmenistan\/History\" title=\"32|Britannica|2024\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[32]<\/a><\/sup>. \u0634\u0647\u062f\u062a \u0623\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0633\u0642\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0637\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0631\u062b\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0632\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u060c \u062a\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0648\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u0631\u062b\u064b\u0627 \u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u0645\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u0631\u064a\u062f\u064b\u0627<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nationalgeographic.com\/culture\/article\/silk-road-history\" title=\"33|National Geographic|2023\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[33]<\/a><\/sup>. \u0644\u0639\u0628\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0647\u064a\u0645\u0646\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062f\u0648\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0644 \u0647\u0648\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u062a\u0623\u0633\u064a\u0633 \u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0642\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/Turkmen-people\" title=\"34|Britannica|2024\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[34]<\/a><\/sup>. \u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a \u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0646\u0645\u0637 \u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0648\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0639\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u064a\u0627\u0643\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0632\u0627\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0644\u0639\u0628 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/turkmenistan\/#people-and-society\" title=\"35|CIA World Factbook|2024\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[35]<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0649<\/h3>\n<figure class=\"geo-img-inline\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/c\/c4\/Turban_helmet_Met_04.3.211.jpg\" alt=\"\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\" loading=\"lazy\"><figcaption>\u062e\u0648\u0630\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0633\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0646 \u064a\u0639\u0642\u0648\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u0633\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0622\u0642 \u0642\u0648\u064a\u0648\u0646\u0644\u0648 (\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0636\u0627\u0621)\u060c \u062a\u064f\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0641\u0646 \u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0632\u062e\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>\u062a\u0636\u0631\u0628 \u062c\u0630\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0636\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0631\u0643\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0645\u064a\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0629\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0643\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062b\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u063a\u0648\u0646\u0648\u0631 \u062a\u064a\u0628\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0648\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0629 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u062c\u0632\u0621\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u0636\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0646\u0647\u0631 \u0622\u0645\u0648 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0648\u0641\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u0645 &#8220;\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0628\u0627\u0643\u062a\u0631\u064a\u0627-\u0645\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062b\u0631\u064a&#8221;<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nationalgeographic.com\/history\/article\/ancient-civilizations-greece-rome-egypt\" title=\"36|National Geographic|2023\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[36]<\/a><\/sup>. \u062e\u0636\u0639\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062f \u0644\u0633\u064a\u0637\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0637\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0645\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0631\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062b\u0645 \u0625\u0645\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0637\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0643\u0646\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u062c\u064a\u0632\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0648\u0641\u0627\u062a\u0647\u060c \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d\u062a \u062c\u0632\u0621\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0644\u0646\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u0633\u0633\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u062d\u062f \u062c\u0646\u0631\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0647<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/place\/Turkmenistan\/History\" title=\"37|Britannica|2024\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[37]<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p>\n<p>\u0641\u064a \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0645\u0646\u062a\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062f\u060c \u0646\u0634\u0623\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0637\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0631\u062b\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u062a\u062e\u0630\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0633\u0627 (\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0634\u0642 \u0623\u0628\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629) \u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0635\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0633\u064a\u0637\u0631\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0646\u0649 \u0644\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u0631\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0645\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0626\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u062e\u0635\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u062f\u0648\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0637\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/place\/Parthia\" title=\"38|Britannica|2024\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[38]<\/a><\/sup>. \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0631\u062b\u064a\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0647\u064a\u0645\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0637\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0631\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062f\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0631\u0643\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/place\/Sasanian-dynasty\" title=\"39|Britannica|2024\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[39]<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p>\n<p>\u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u062a\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062f\u064a\u060c \u0628\u062f\u0623\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0648\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0635\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0622\u0633\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0649\u060c \u0648\u0628\u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0645\u0646\u060c \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u062c\u0632\u0621\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u062f\u0649 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0631\u0627\u062f\u0634\u062a\u064a\u0629<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/Islam\/The-spread-of-Islam\" title=\"40|Britannica|2024\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[40]<\/a><\/sup>. \u0634\u0647\u062f\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0633\u0639 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b \u0639\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0632\u062f\u0647\u0627\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0637\u0648\u0644 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0631\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0645\u0631\u0648 \u0648\u0642\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648\u0631\u062c\u0646\u062a\u0634\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d\u062a \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0632 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nationalgeographic.com\/history\/article\/silk-road-history\" title=\"41|National Geographic|2023\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[41]<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p>\n<p>\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0639\u0634\u0631\u060c \u0638\u0647\u0631\u062a \u0633\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u062c\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0646\u0637\u0644\u0642\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0624\u0633\u0633 \u0625\u0645\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0637\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0645\u062a\u062f\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0622\u0633\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0649 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0636\u0648\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0639\u0628\u062a \u062f\u0648\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u062d\u0627\u0633\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0648\u0645\u0647\u062f\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0644\u0638\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0637\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/Seljuq\" title=\"42|Britannica|2024\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[42]<\/a><\/sup>. \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b \u0639\u0634\u0631\u060c \u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0644\u063a\u0632\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0648\u0644 \u0628\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062c\u0646\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u062e\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u062f\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u062f\u0647\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0642\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648\u0631\u062c\u0646\u062a\u0634\u060c \u0648\u0623\u062f\u0649 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0636\u0649 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0645\u0627\u0631<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/event\/Mongol-invasions\" title=\"43|Britannica|2024\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[43]<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p>\n<p>\u0628\u0639\u062f \u062a\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639 \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0648\u0644\u060c \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d\u062a \u062a\u0631\u0643\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u062c\u0632\u0621\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0625\u0645\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0637\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u064a\u0645\u0648\u0631\u0644\u0646\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0648\u0627\u062e\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0639\u0634\u0631\u060c \u062b\u0645 \u062e\u0636\u0639\u062a \u0644\u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u062e\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u062e\u064a\u0648\u0629 \u0648\u0628\u062e\u0627\u0631\u0649\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0633\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0637\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/place\/Turkmenistan\/History\" title=\"44|Britannica|2024\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[44]<\/a><\/sup>. \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645\u0648\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0643 \u062a\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0633 \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0648\u0630 \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647 \u0647\u062c\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0633 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u062e\u0627\u0631\u064a\u064a\u0646<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/turkmenistan\/#people-and-society\" title=\"45|CIA World Factbook|2024\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[45]<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0645\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0641\u064a\u062a\u064a\u0629<\/h3>\n<figure class=\"geo-img-inline\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/c\/c3\/1._%D0%A7%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%B6%D1%83%D0%B9_%28%D0%B1%D1%83%D1%85%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D0%B2%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F%29._%D0%A3_%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%85_%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%82.jpg\" alt=\"\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\" loading=\"lazy\"><figcaption>\u062a\u0635\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a \u0644\u0628\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0633\u0645\u0631\u0642\u0646\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u062e\u0627\u0631\u0649\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064b\u0627 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u062a\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>\u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u062a\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0633\u0639 \u0639\u0634\u0631\u060c \u0628\u062f\u0623\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0637\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0639 \u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0622\u0633\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0649 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0627 \u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0628\u0640 &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u0649&#8221; \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0637\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0637\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/event\/Great-Game\" title=\"46|Britannica|2024\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[46]<\/a><\/sup>. \u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0634\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0633\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0648\u0643 \u062a\u064a\u0628\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 1881 \u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u062d\u0627\u0633\u0645\u0629\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0633\u0642\u0637\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0644\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u062d\u0635\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u0627\u0645 23 \u064a\u0648\u0645\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u0645\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0644\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0637\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/place\/Turkmenistan\/History\" title=\"47|Britannica|2024\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[47]<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p>\n<p>\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0645\u060c \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d\u062a \u062a\u0631\u0643\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u062c\u0632\u0621\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 &#8220;\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0637\u0639\u0629 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0642\u0632\u0648\u064a\u0646&#8221; \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0637\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0633\u0643\u0629 \u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0642\u0632\u0648\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0631\u0628\u0637\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0639\u0634\u0642 \u0623\u0628\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0645\u0627\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0633\u0647\u0644\u062a \u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f\u060c \u0648\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0646\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0631\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0627<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/place\/Turkmenistan\/History\" title=\"48|Britannica|2024\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[48]<\/a><\/sup>. \u0623\u062f\u062a \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0633\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0625\u062f\u062e\u0627\u0644 \u0632\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639 \u0648\u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.worldbank.org\/en\/country\/turkmenistan\/overview\" title=\"49|World Bank|2024\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[49]<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p>\n<p>\u0628\u0639\u062f \u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0628\u0631 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1917\u060c \u0634\u0647\u062f\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0636\u0649 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0627\u0639 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u0634\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0634\u064a&#8221; \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0642\u0627\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0632\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0622\u0633\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0649 \u0636\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0641\u064a\u062a\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0623\u0648\u0627\u062e\u0631 \u0639\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0636\u064a<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/event\/Basmachi-Revolt\" title=\"50|Britannica|2024\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[50]<\/a><\/sup>. \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 1924\u060c \u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0644 \u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0641\u064a\u062a\u064a\u0629 (Turkmen SSR) \u0643\u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0641\u064a\u062a\u064a\u060c \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0631\u0633\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0641\u064a\u064a\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0622\u0633\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0649 \u0628\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u062a\u0631\u0633\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0641\u064a\u062a\u064a\u0629<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/turkmenistan\/#history\" title=\"51|CIA World Factbook|2024\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[51]<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p>\n<p>\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0641\u064a\u062a\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0634\u0647\u062f\u062a \u062a\u0631\u0643\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u062d\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0636\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u062f\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062a\u0647\u062c\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/place\/Turkmenistan\/History\" title=\"52|Britannica|2024\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[52]<\/a><\/sup>. \u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0642\u0646\u0627\u0629 \u0642\u0631\u0647 \u0642\u0648\u0645\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645\u062a \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u062f\u062a \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u062e\u0637\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u062a\u0642\u0644\u0635 \u0628\u062d\u0631 \u0622\u0631\u0627\u0644<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nationalgeographic.com\/environment\/article\/aral-sea-disaster\" title=\"53|National Geographic|2010\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[53]<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f\u0647<\/h3>\n<p>\u0645\u0639 \u062a\u0641\u0643\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0641\u064a\u062a\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 1991\u060c \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0646\u062a \u062a\u0631\u0643\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a 27 \u0623\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0628\u0631 1991\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0635\u0627\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0646\u064a\u0627\u0632\u0648\u0641\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0632\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u0648\u0639\u064a \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0631\u0643\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0641\u064a\u062a\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/turkmenistan\/#history\" title=\"54|CIA World Factbook|2024\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[54]<\/a><\/sup>. \u062a\u0628\u0646\u062a \u062a\u0631\u0643\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0631\u0641\u062a \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 1995\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062c\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0632 \u0644\u0623\u064a \u0643\u062a\u0644\u0629 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0645\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0632\u0627\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u062d\u062c\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0639\u0627\u0645 2026<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.un.org\/press\/en\/1995\/19951212.ga9031.html\" title=\"55|UN Press|1995\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[55]<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p>\n<p>\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0646\u064a\u0627\u0632\u0648\u0641 (1991-2006)\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u0645 &#8220;\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0628\u0627\u0634\u064a&#8221; (\u0632\u0639\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0645\u0627\u0646)\u060c \u0634\u0647\u062f\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f \u062a\u0631\u0633\u064a\u062e\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0631\u0626\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0642\u0648\u064a\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0647\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0629<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Saparmurad-Niyazov\" title=\"56|Britannica|2024\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[56]<\/a><\/sup>. \u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0637\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0636\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0639\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0636\u062e\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0634\u0642 \u0623\u0628\u0627\u062f<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/idUSL16641777\/\" title=\"57|Reuters|2006\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[57]<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p>\n<p>\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0648\u0641\u0627\u0629 \u0646\u064a\u0627\u0632\u0648\u0641 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 2006\u060c \u062a\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0646\u0642\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0631\u062f\u064a \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0632\u064a\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0629 \u0648\u0646\u0627\u0626\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0628 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 2007\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0639\u0627\u0645 2022<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Gurbanguly-Berdymukhammedov\" title=\"58|Britannica|2024\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[58]<\/a><\/sup>. \u0633\u0639\u0649 \u0628\u064a\u0631\u062f\u064a \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f\u0648\u0641 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u0643\u0645\u0647 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0641\u062a\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a \u0648\u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0641\u0627\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0639\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647 \u0633\u0631\u0639\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0627 \u0639\u0632\u0632 \u0633\u0644\u0637\u062a\u0647 \u0648\u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u0648\u064a\u0629<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/arabic\/world-56740673\" title=\"59|BBC Arabic|2021\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[59]<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p>\n<p>\u0641\u064a \u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633 2022\u060c \u062c\u0631\u0649 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0633\u0628\u0648\u0642 \u0644\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0646\u062d\u0649 \u0642\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0646\u0642\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0631\u062f\u064a \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f\u0648\u0641 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0635\u0628\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0646\u062a\u064f\u062e\u0628 \u0627\u0628\u0646\u0647 \u0633\u0631\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u064a\u0631\u062f\u064a \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f\u0648\u0641 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0631\u0626\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0631\u0643\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0646\u062c\u0645 \u0639\u0646 \u0648\u0641\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.aljazeera.net\/news\/2022\/3\/12\/%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%86-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B1%D8%A6%D9%8A%D8%B3-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%8A-%D8%B3%D8%B1%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B1-%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%B1%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%85%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%81\" title=\"60|Al Jazeera|2022\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[60]<\/a><\/sup>. \u064a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u060c \u0633\u0631\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u064a\u0631\u062f\u064a \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f\u0648\u0641\u060c \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f\u060c \u0648\u062a\u064f\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 2026 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062a<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/world\/asia-pacific\/turkmenistan-new-president-serdar-berdymukhamedov-meets-japanese-pm-2025-04-15\/\" title=\"61|Reuters|2025\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[61]<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p>\n<h2>\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0648\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645<\/h2>\n<p>\u062a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0631\u0626\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u0648\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0645\u062a\u0639 \u0628\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0631\u0623\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u062d\u0629<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/turkmenistan\/#government\" title=\"62|CIA World Factbook|2024\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[62]<\/a><\/sup>. \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0632\u0627\u0628\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f \u064a\u0648\u0635\u0641 \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0634\u0645\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u062f\u0627\u062f\u064a\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0647\u064a\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u062c\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/place\/Turkmenistan\/Government-and-society\" title=\"63|Britannica|2024\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[63]<\/a><\/sup>. \u064a\u0631\u062a\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 1995 \u0648\u062d\u0638\u064a\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0648\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.un.org\/press\/en\/1995\/19951212.ga9031.html\" title=\"64|UN Press|1995\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[64]<\/a><\/sup>. \u062a\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0634\u0628\u0647 &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0643\u0645\u0629&#8221; \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u062c\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0646\u0642\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0631\u062f\u064a \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f\u0648\u0641 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0628\u0646\u0647 \u0633\u0631\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 2022<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.aljazeera.net\/news\/2022\/3\/12\/%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%86-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B1%D8%A6%D9%8A%D8%B3-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%8A-%D8%B3%D8%B1%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B1-%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%B1%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%85%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%81\" title=\"65|Al Jazeera|2022\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[65]<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629<\/h3>\n<figure class=\"geo-img-inline\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/7\/78\/Independence_Day_Parade_-_Flickr_-_Kerri-Jo_%28215%29.jpg\" alt=\"\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\" loading=\"lazy\"><figcaption>\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a \u0645\u0647\u064a\u0628 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0631\u0643\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u060c \u064a\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>\u064a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 2008 \u0648\u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0644\u0647 \u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0622\u062e\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 2020\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062b\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f\u060c \u0648\u064a\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0628\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/turkmenistan\/#government\" title=\"66|CIA World Factbook|2024\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[66]<\/a><\/sup>. \u064a\u0646\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0631\u0626\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0645 \u0628\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0626 \u064a\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0629<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/place\/Turkmenistan\/Government-and-society\" title=\"67|Britannica|2024\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[67]<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0647\u0648 \u0631\u0623\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u062d\u0629\u060c \u0648\u064a\u062a\u0645\u062a\u0639 \u0628\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u062a\u0639\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0625\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u0629 \u0648\u062d\u0643\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0628 \u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062f\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0633\u0628\u0639 \u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/turkmenistan\/#government\" title=\"68|CIA World Factbook|2024\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[68]<\/a><\/sup>. \u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 2016 \u0644\u0625\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0635\u0649 \u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u0633\u0645\u062d \u0644\u0644\u0631\u0624\u0633\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0642\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0628\u0647\u0645 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0633\u0645\u0649\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0642\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0646\u0642\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0631\u062f\u064a \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f\u0648\u0641 \u0642\u062f \u062a\u0646\u062d\u0649 \u0637\u0648\u0639\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 2022<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.aljazeera.net\/news\/2022\/3\/12\/%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%86-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B1%D8%A6%D9%8A%D8%B3-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%8A-%D8%B3%D8%B1%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B1-%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%B1%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%85%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%81\" title=\"69|Al Jazeera|2022\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[69]<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p>\n<p>\u062a\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0646: \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0628 (Halk Maslahaty) \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 (Mejlis)<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/place\/Turkmenistan\/Government-and-society\" title=\"70|Britannica|2024\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[70]<\/a><\/sup>. \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0628 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0628\u064a\u060c \u0648\u064a\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 56 \u0639\u0636\u0648\u064b\u0627\u060c 48 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u064a\u064f\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0628\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0647 \u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0625\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/turkmenistan\/#government\" title=\"71|CIA World Factbook|2024\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[71]<\/a><\/sup>. \u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 (Mejlis)\u060c \u0641\u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 125 \u0639\u0636\u0648\u064b\u0627 \u064a\u064f\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0628\u0648\u0646 \u0644\u0645\u062f\u0629 \u062e\u0645\u0633 \u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0647\u0645\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u0633\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/turkmenistan\/#government\" title=\"72|CIA World Factbook|2024\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[72]<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0629 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062a\u0623\u0644\u0641 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0646\u0649\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062e\u0636\u0639 \u0644\u0633\u064a\u0637\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0639\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/place\/Turkmenistan\/Government-and-society\" title=\"73|Britannica|2024\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[73]<\/a><\/sup>. \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0632\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0631\u0643\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0632\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u064a\u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0644 \u0623\u062d\u0632\u0627\u0628 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0644\u0627\u062d\u0642\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0636\u0629 \u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062d\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/turkmenistan\/#government\" title=\"74|CIA World Factbook|2024\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[74]<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629<\/h3>\n<figure class=\"geo-img-inline\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/d\/df\/Serdar_Berdimuhamedov_in_Japan_on_April_15%2C_2025.jpg\" alt=\"\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\" loading=\"lazy\"><figcaption>\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0633\u0631\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u064a\u0631\u062f\u064a \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f\u0648\u0641 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639 \u0642\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0637\u0648\u0643\u064a\u0648 \u0628\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e 15 \u0623\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0644 2025\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0628\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>\u062a\u062a\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u0633\u064a\u0637\u0631\u0629 \u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u062c\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/place\/Turkmenistan\/Government-and-society\" title=\"75|Britannica|2024\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[75]<\/a><\/sup>. \u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0639\u0645\u0644\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0647\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u0648\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u062f\u0639\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u0631\u0645\u0648\u0632 \u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u062c\u0627\u0621 \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/arabic\/world-56740673\" title=\"76|BBC Arabic|2021\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[76]<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p>\n<p>\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0646\u064a\u0627\u0632\u0648\u0641 \u0648\u0628\u064a\u0631\u062f\u064a \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u060c \u0627\u0632\u062f\u0647\u0631\u062a \u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0645 \u062a\u062e\u0644\u064a\u062f \u0635\u0648\u0631\u0647 \u0648\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062b\u064a\u0644\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0623\u0646\u062d\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0648\u0627\u0631\u0639 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0647\u0645\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u062c\u0632\u0626\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0633\u0631\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u064a\u0631\u062f\u064a \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f\u0648\u0641<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/idUSL16641777\/\" title=\"77|Reuters|2006\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[77]<\/a><\/sup>. \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0642\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0636\u0629\u060c \u062a\u0624\u0643\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.un.org\/sustainabledevelopment\/blog\/2023\/10\/turkmenistan-committed-to-climate-action\/\" title=\"78|UN|2023\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[78]<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p>\n<p>\u062a\u0646\u0641\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u062a\u0646\u0645\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642\u060c \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0634\u064a\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0634\u0642 \u0623\u0628\u0627\u062f \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0645\u0648\u062d \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nationalgeographic.com\/travel\/article\/ashgabat-turkmenistan-marble-city\" title=\"79|National Geographic|2017\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[79]<\/a><\/sup>. \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0638\u0647\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0647\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u062a\u0632\u0627\u064a\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a \u0648\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u060c \u0643\u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648\u0633\u0639 \u0644\u062a\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0648\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0637 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0632\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0648\u062f \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0639\u0627\u0645 2026<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.worldbank.org\/en\/country\/turkmenistan\/overview\" title=\"80|World Bank|2024\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[80]<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p>\n<p>\u062a\u0633\u0639\u0649 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u062d\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0641\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0645\u0631\u0648 \u0648\u0642\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648\u0631\u062c\u0646\u062a\u0634\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0635\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0642\u0631\u0647 \u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0648\u0628\u062d\u0631 \u0642\u0632\u0648\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0628\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u062c\u0630\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0646\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0639 \u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u062e\u0644<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/place\/Turkmenistan\/Economy\" title=\"81|Britannica|2024\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[81]<\/a><\/sup>. \u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0632\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0634\u0641\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0643\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u062d\u0627\u0633\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d \u0623\u064a \u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0646\u0645\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0644<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.imf.org\/en\/Countries\/TKM\" title=\"82|IMF|2024\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[82]<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/h3>\n<figure class=\"geo-img-inline\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/en\/7\/75\/Ashgabat_mosque_IMG_5756_%2826111145635%29.jpg\" alt=\"\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\" loading=\"lazy\"><figcaption>\u0645\u0633\u062c\u062f \u0639\u0634\u0642 \u0623\u0628\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u060c \u064a\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0636\u0631\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>\u062a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062a\u0645 \u0625\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 1995 \u0648\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0631\u0641\u062a \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0632 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0624\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.un.org\/press\/en\/1995\/19951212.ga9031.html\" title=\"83|UN Press|1995\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[83]<\/a><\/sup>. \u062a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0628\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0633\u0645\u062d \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0631\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/turkmenistan\/#government\" title=\"84|CIA World Factbook|2024\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[84]<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p>\n<p>\u062a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0636\u0648\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a (ECO) \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0627 (OSCE)\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643 \u0628\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0637 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u0636\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.un.org\/sustainabledevelopment\/blog\/2023\/10\/turkmenistan-committed-to-climate-action\/\" title=\"85|UN|2023\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[85]<\/a><\/sup>. \u062a\u0644\u0639\u0628 \u062f\u0628\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0633\u0639\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0639 \u0637\u0631\u0642 \u062a\u0635\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u060c \u0643\u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0648\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/markets\/commodities\/turkmenistan-aims-boost-trade-central-asia-energy-ties-2024-03-20\/\" title=\"86|Reuters|2024\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[86]<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p>\n<p>\u062a\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a \u0644\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u062e\u0637 \u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0622\u0633\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0649-\u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0632\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u064a\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.aljazeera.net\/news\/2022\/3\/12\/%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%86-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B1%D8%A6%D9%8A%D8%B3-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%8A-%D8%B3%D8%B1%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B1-%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%B1%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%85%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%81\" title=\"87|Al Jazeera|2022\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[87]<\/a><\/sup>. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0642\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0631\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0634\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064b\u0627 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0641\u0627\u0639\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0639 \u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0622\u0633\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0644\u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/place\/Turkmenistan\/Foreign-relations\" title=\"88|Britannica|2024\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[88]<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p>\n<p>\u064a\u0639\u062f \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u062e\u0637 \u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0632 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646-\u0623\u0641\u063a\u0627\u0646\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646-\u0628\u0627\u0643\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646-\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f (TAPI) \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0623\u0628\u0631\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0631\u0648\u062c \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0635\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0632 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628 \u0622\u0633\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0632\u0632 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0643\u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u062a\u0645\u0644 \u0623\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0621 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0647 \u0628\u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0645 2026<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/markets\/commodities\/turkmenistan-aims-boost-trade-central-asia-energy-ties-2024-03-20\/\" title=\"89|Reuters|2024\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[89]<\/a><\/sup>. \u062a\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u062c\u0647\u0648\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0628\u062d\u0631 \u0642\u0632\u0648\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u062a\u0631\u0633\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u063a\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0631\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0623\u0630\u0631\u0628\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0632\u0627\u062e\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.aljazeera.net\/news\/2022\/6\/29\/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%D9%85%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AE%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B3%D8%A9-%D9%84%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%84-%D8%A8%D8%AD%D8%B1-%D9%82%D8%B2%D9%88%D9%8A%D9%86-%D8%AA%D8%B9%D8%B2%D8%B2-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D8%B9%D8%A7%D9%88%D9%86\" title=\"90|Al Jazeera|2022\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[90]<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p>\n<h2>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f<\/h2>\n<p>\u062a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u062a\u0631\u0643\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0645\u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0631\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0637\u064a \u0645\u062b\u0628\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0646\u0641\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a \u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0647\u0627<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/turkmenistan\/#economy\" title=\"91|CIA World Factbook|2024\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[91]<\/a><\/sup>. \u064a\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0628\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u0645\u062e\u0637\u0637\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u062a\u0633\u064a\u0637\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u0649 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0644\u0639\u0628 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/place\/Turkmenistan\/Economy\" title=\"92|Britannica|2024\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[92]<\/a><\/sup>. \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f\u060c \u062a\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0641\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0643\u0645\u0629<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.imf.org\/en\/Countries\/TKM\" title=\"93|IMF|2024\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[93]<\/a><\/sup>. \u0628\u0644\u063a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a 67.5 \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 2023\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0646\u0645\u0648 \u064a\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0628 6% \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 2024\u060c \u0645\u062f\u0639\u0648\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0632 \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0629<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.worldbank.org\/en\/country\/turkmenistan\/overview\" title=\"94|World Bank|2024\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[94]<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629<\/h3>\n<figure class=\"geo-img-inline\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/5\/5f\/Jack-up-rig-in-the-caspian-sea.JPG\" alt=\"\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\" loading=\"lazy\"><figcaption>\u0645\u0646\u0635\u0629 \u062d\u0641\u0631 \u062c\u0627\u0643-\u0623\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u062d\u0631 \u0642\u0632\u0648\u064a\u0646\u060c \u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0631\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0637 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0632 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u0642\u0644 \u062a\u0634\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0628\u0631\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>\u062a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0637\u0627\u0642\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0645\u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0631\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0637\u064a \u0645\u062b\u0628\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0642\u062f\u0631 \u0628\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a 19.5 \u062a\u0631\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u0631 \u0645\u0643\u0639\u0628 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0645 2024<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/turkmenistan\/#economy\" title=\"95|CIA World Factbook|2024\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[95]<\/a><\/sup>. \u064a\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0642\u0644 \u062c\u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0642\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u062d\u0642\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0632 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0642\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628 \u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/place\/Turkmenistan\/Economy\" title=\"96|Britannica|2024\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[96]<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p>\n<p>\u062a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062e\u0637\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a \u0644\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u062e\u0637 \u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0622\u0633\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0649-\u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0628\u062f\u0623 \u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 2009\u060c \u0648\u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0637 \u0644\u062a\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0639 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0639\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0632\u0627\u064a\u062f<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/markets\/commodities\/turkmenistan-aims-boost-trade-central-asia-energy-ties-2024-03-20\/\" title=\"97|Reuters|2024\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[97]<\/a><\/sup>. \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u062a\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0632 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0631\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u062e\u0637\u0648\u0637 \u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u062d\u062c\u0645\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0633\u0639\u0649 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0639 \u0648\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0635\u062f\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0648\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.aljazeera.net\/news\/2022\/3\/12\/%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%86-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B1%D8%A6%D9%8A%D8%B3-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%8A-%D8%B3%D8%B1%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B1-%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%B1%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%85%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%81\" title=\"98|Al Jazeera|2022\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[98]<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p>\n<p>\u064a\u0639\u062f \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u062e\u0637 \u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0632 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646-\u0623\u0641\u063a\u0627\u0646\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646-\u0628\u0627\u0643\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646-\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f (TAPI) \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0635\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 33 \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u0631 \u0645\u0643\u0639\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0632 \u0633\u0646\u0648\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u0642\u0644 \u062c\u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0634 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0648\u0644 \u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628 \u0622\u0633\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u062a\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0645 2026\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0641\u062a\u062d \u0623\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0631\u0628\u062d\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/markets\/commodities\/turkmenistan-aims-boost-trade-central-asia-energy-ties-2024-03-20\/\" title=\"99|Reuters|2024\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[99]<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p>\n<p>\u062a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0647\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0637\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u0628\u0644\u063a \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0627 \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a 200,000 \u0628\u0631\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u064a\u0648\u0645\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 2023\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u063a\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f\u060c \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u062d\u0631 \u0642\u0632\u0648\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u062d\u0642\u0644 \u062a\u0634\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0646<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/turkmenistan\/#economy\" title=\"100|CIA World Factbook|2024\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[100]<\/a><\/sup>. \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0635\u0627\u0641\u064d \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0645\u0635\u0641\u0627\u0629 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0628\u0627\u0634\u064a \u0648\u0633\u064a\u062f\u064a\u060c \u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0645\u0634\u062a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0628\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0632\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0632\u0644 \u0648\u0632\u064a\u0648\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u062d\u064a\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u064f\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u062f\u064a\u0631<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/place\/Turkmenistan\/Economy\" title=\"101|Britannica|2024\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[101]<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0627\u0644\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649<\/h3>\n<figure class=\"geo-img-inline\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/8\/82\/TAPI-ceremony-Serhetabat.jpg\" alt=\"\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\" loading=\"lazy\"><figcaption>\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u0641\u0644 \u0625\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0637 \u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a \u062a\u0631\u0643\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646-\u0623\u0641\u063a\u0627\u0646\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646-\u0628\u0627\u0643\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646-\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f (TAPI) \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0631\u062e\u0628\u0627\u062f\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0631\u0645\u0632 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u064a\u0645\u0646\u0629 \u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629\u060c \u062a\u0644\u0639\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0647\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u062a\u0631\u0643\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0648\u0638\u0641 \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a 48% \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 2023\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0632\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/turkmenistan\/#economy\" title=\"102|CIA World Factbook|2024\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[102]<\/a><\/sup>. \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0632\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0646 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0637\u0648\u0644 \u0646\u0647\u0631 \u0622\u0645\u0648 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0642\u0646\u0627\u0629 \u0642\u0631\u0647 \u0642\u0648\u0645\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645 \u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u064a\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/place\/Turkmenistan\/Economy\" title=\"103|Britannica|2024\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[103]<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p>\n<p>\u064a\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0645\u062d \u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0632\u0631\u0627\u0639\u064a\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0633\u0639\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0643\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0628\u0648\u0628 \u0644\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0630\u0627\u0626\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0648\u0635\u0644\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u0642\u0644\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062f<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.worldbank.org\/en\/country\/turkmenistan\/overview\" title=\"104|World Bank|2024\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[104]<\/a><\/sup>. \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u062a\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0631 \u0632\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0636\u0631\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0627\u0643\u0647 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u064a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0634\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u063a\u0646\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0632\u060c \u062c\u0632\u0621\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u062c\u0632\u0623 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0639\u064a\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0634\u062a\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f \u0628\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0633\u062c\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u062e\u0627\u0631\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u062f\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0635\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0648\u0644<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nationalgeographic.com\/culture\/article\/silk-road-history\" title=\"105|National Geographic|2023\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[105]<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p>\n<p>\u062a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0631\u0643\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0633\u0648\u062c\u0627\u062a\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0645\u0635\u0627\u0646\u0639 \u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u063a\u0632\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u064a\u062c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0628\u0633\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0635\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/place\/Turkmenistan\/Economy\" title=\"106|Britannica|2024\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[106]<\/a><\/sup>. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0645\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0645\u064d \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a \u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0645\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0625\u064a\u062b\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0628\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/markets\/commodities\/turkmenistan-aims-boost-trade-central-asia-energy-ties-2024-03-20\/\" title=\"107|Reuters|2024\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[107]<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p>\n<p>\u062a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u064a\u064a\u062f \u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0647\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u060c \u0645\u062f\u0641\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u062e\u0645\u0629\u060c \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0634\u0642 \u0623\u0628\u0627\u062f\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0636\u0631\u064a \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0639\u0627\u0645 2026<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nationalgeographic.com\/travel\/article\/ashgabat-turkmenistan-marble-city\" title=\"108|National Geographic|2017\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[108]<\/a><\/sup>. \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u062a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0643\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u062e\u0644\u0642 \u0641\u0631\u0635 \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.worldbank.org\/en\/country\/turkmenistan\/overview\" title=\"109|World Bank|2024\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[109]<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0629<\/h3>\n<figure class=\"geo-img-inline\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/7\/72\/Boeing_777-22KLR_EZ-A778.jpg\" alt=\"\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\" loading=\"lazy\"><figcaption>\u0637\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0648\u064a\u0646\u063a 777-22KLR \u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 (Turkmenistan Airlines) \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0643\u0641\u0648\u0631\u062a\u060c \u062a\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>\u062a\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643\u064b\u0627 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0637\u060c \u0648\u062a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0631\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0647\u0645 \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u0626\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u064a\u0646<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/turkmenistan\/#economy\" title=\"110|CIA World Factbook|2024\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[110]<\/a><\/sup>. \u062a\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u062f \u062a\u0631\u0643\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0630\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u0626\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u062c\u0647\u0648\u062f \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0639 \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0633\u0648\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.imf.org\/en\/Countries\/TKM\" title=\"111|IMF|2024\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[111]<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p>\n<p>\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0646\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0632\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u064a\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0637 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0632\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643 \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629 \u0644\u062c\u0630\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0644\u062a\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.worldbank.org\/en\/country\/turkmenistan\/overview\" title=\"112|World Bank|2024\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[112]<\/a><\/sup>. \u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0625\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0641\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0632\u0627\u0644 \u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/markets\/commodities\/turkmenistan-aims-boost-trade-central-asia-energy-ties-2024-03-20\/\" title=\"113|Reuters|2024\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[113]<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p>\n<p>\u062a\u0645\u062a\u0644\u0643 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0644\u060c \u062a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0631\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0626 \u0628\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u062d\u0631 \u0642\u0632\u0648\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0645\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0628\u0627\u0634\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0639\u062f \u0628\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0647\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/place\/Turkmenistan\/Transportation\" title=\"114|Britannica|2024\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[114]<\/a><\/sup>. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0634\u0642 \u0623\u0628\u0627\u062f\u060c \u064a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0633\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0631\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/turkmenistan\/#transportation\" title=\"115|CIA World Factbook|2024\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[115]<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p>\n<p>\u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a \u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a \u0648\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0634\u062c\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0639\u0627\u0645 2026 \u0648\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f\u0647\u0627<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.worldbank.org\/en\/country\/turkmenistan\/overview\" title=\"116|World Bank|2024\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[116]<\/a><\/sup>. \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u062a\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0633\u0647\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u0631\u0635 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062c\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.un.org\/sustainabledevelopment\/blog\/2023\/10\/turkmenistan-committed-to-climate-action\/\" title=\"117|UN|2023\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[117]<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/h3>\n<figure class=\"geo-img-inline\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/6\/62\/Turkmen_Diesel_locomotive2.jpg\" alt=\"\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\" loading=\"lazy\"><figcaption>\u0642\u0627\u0637\u0631\u0629 \u062f\u064a\u0632\u0644 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062a\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u062c\u0632\u0621\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0643\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>\u062a\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0628\u0631\u0632\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0631\u0637 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0637\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0631\u0636\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0633\u0639\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.imf.org\/en\/Countries\/TKM\" title=\"118|IMF|2024\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[118]<\/a><\/sup>. \u062a\u0633\u0639\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u062d\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0632\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0637\u064a\u0626\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u064a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0625\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.worldbank.org\/en\/country\/turkmenistan\/overview\" title=\"119|World Bank|2024\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[119]<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p>\n<p>\u062a\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0641\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0622\u062e\u0631\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0641\u062a\u0642\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0648\u0634\u0641\u0627\u0641 \u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0648\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u064a\u0642 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0628\u062f\u0642\u0629<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/turkmenistan\/#economy\" title=\"120|CIA World Factbook|2024\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[120]<\/a><\/sup>. \u064a\u0633\u0647\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0635 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0641\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062e\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0624\u0643\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062d\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0646\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0632\u064a\u0629<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.imf.org\/en\/Countries\/TKM\" title=\"121|IMF|2024\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[121]<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p>\n<p>\u064a\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0639 \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0645\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u064a\u0642 \u062e\u0644\u0642 \u0641\u0631\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0631<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/place\/Turkmenistan\/Economy\" title=\"122|Britannica|2024\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[122]<\/a><\/sup>. \u062a\u0633\u0639\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0634\u062c\u064a\u0639 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0648\u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0644\u062a\u0633\u0647\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0639\u0645\u0642 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0642 \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0629<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.worldbank.org\/en\/country\/turkmenistan\/overview\" title=\"123|World Bank|2024\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[123]<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p>\n<p>\u062a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0646\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0648\u062a\u0645\u0644\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u062f\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a\u060c \u0633\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0648\u062a\u062d\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0645<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.un.org\/sustainabledevelopment\/blog\/2023\/10\/turkmenistan-committed-to-climate-action\/\" title=\"124|UN|2023\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[124]<\/a><\/sup>. \u062a\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0631 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0648\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u062e \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u062d\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0648\u062f \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0639\u0627\u0645 2026<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.who.int\/docs\/default-source\/documents\/country-profiles\/turkmenistan-country-profile.pdf\" title=\"125|WHO|2023\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[125]<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p>\n<p>\u062a\u0633\u0639\u0649 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0628\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u062e\u0637\u0648\u0637 \u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0632 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0631\u0628\u0637 \u0622\u0633\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0649 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0622\u0633\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0632\u0632 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0643\u062c\u0633\u0631 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u0633\u062a\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/markets\/commodities\/turkmenistan-aims-boost-trade-central-asia-energy-ties-2024-03-20\/\" title=\"126|Reuters|2024\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[126]<\/a><\/sup>. \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a\u060c \u062a\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0637\u0645\u0648\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0639 \u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u062f\u062e\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0631\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.imf.org\/en\/Countries\/TKM\" title=\"127|IMF|2024\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[127]<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p>\n<h2>\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639<\/h2>\n<p>\u062a\u0639\u062f \u062a\u0631\u0643\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0644\u0628 \u0622\u0633\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0649\u060c \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628\u0629 \u062f\u064a\u0645\u0648\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u0633\u0645 \u0628\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0633 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u064a\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0639 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0623\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u062a\u0633\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0633\u064a\u062c\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0642\u062f\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062a\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u0631\u0635 \u0645\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0641\u0626\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639\u060c \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0637\u0637\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0645\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0639\u0627\u0645 2026. \u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0648\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u063a\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0631\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0641\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0648\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a<\/h3>\n<figure class=\"geo-img-inline\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/c\/c3\/1._%D0%A7%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%B6%D1%83%D0%B9_%28%D0%B1%D1%83%D1%85%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D0%B2%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F%29._%D0%A3_%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%85_%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%82.jpg\" alt=\"\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\" loading=\"lazy\"><figcaption>\u0623\u0634\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u064a\u0631\u062a\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0632\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0628\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062a\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u062c\u0632\u0621\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u064a\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>\u0628\u0644\u063a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a 7 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0646\u0633\u0645\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u062a\u0635\u0641 \u0639\u0627\u0645 2026\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0633\u0646\u0648\u064a \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631 \u064a\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0639\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0634\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/turkmenistan\/data-and-statistics\/\" title=\"1|CIA World Factbook|2026\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[1]<\/a><\/sup>. \u064a\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u063a\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0642\u0629\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0628\u0644\u063a \u0646\u0633\u0628\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a 85% \u0645\u0646 \u0625\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0646\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f \u0647\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0644\u063a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/place\/Turkmenistan\/People\" title=\"2|Britannica|2025\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[2]<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p>\n<p>\u062a\u062a\u0648\u0632\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0628\u0642\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0632\u0628\u0643 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0632\u0627\u062e \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0645\u0646 \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0645\u060c \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0623\u0646\u062d\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0636\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u0649 \u0623\u0648 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0645\u0639 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0644\u064a\u0629<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.un.org\/development\/desa\/pd\/content\/world-population-prospects\" title=\"3|UN Population Division|2024\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[3]<\/a><\/sup>. \u0634\u0647\u062f\u062a \u062a\u0631\u0643\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u062f\u064a\u0645\u0648\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u062a \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0630\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0638 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0646\u0647\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0641\u064a\u062a\u064a<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/world\/asia-pacific\/turkmenistan-population-growth-challenges\/\" title=\"4|Reuters|2023\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[4]<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p>\n<p>\u062a\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062b\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f\u060c \u0648\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0634\u0642 \u0623\u0628\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0637\u0648\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0646\u0647\u0631 \u0623\u0645\u0648 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0627\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0628\u0629<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nationalgeographic.com\/places\/countries\/turkmenistan\/\" title=\"5|National Geographic|2025\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[5]<\/a><\/sup>. \u062a\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0633\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0635\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0642\u0631\u0647 \u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u063a\u0627\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u0648 \u0648\u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0637 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0632\u0648\u0644\u0629<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.aljazeera.net\/encyclopedia\/countries\/2014\/11\/17\/%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%83%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D8%BA%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%A7\" title=\"6|Al Jazeera|2014\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[6]<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p>\n<p>\u062a\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 2026 \u0623\u0646 \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a 52% \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u064a\u0639\u064a\u0634\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0636\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0632\u0627\u0644 48% \u064a\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062c\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646 \u0628\u062d\u062b\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u0641\u0631\u0635 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/data.worldbank.org\/indicator\/SP.URB.TOTL.IN.ZS?locations=TM\" title=\"7|World Bank|2026\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[7]<\/a><\/sup>. \u062a\u0634\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0634\u0642 \u0623\u0628\u0627\u062f\u060c \u0628\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629\u060c \u062a\u0632\u0627\u064a\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 1.1 \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0646\u0633\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 2026\u060c \u0644\u062a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/turkmenistan\/data-and-statistics\/\" title=\"8|CIA World Factbook|2026\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[8]<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p>\n<p>\u062a\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0647\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u062e\u0627\u0635\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u0649 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0645\u0631\u0648 \u0648\u062f\u0627\u0634 \u0623\u0648\u063a\u0648\u0632\u060c \u0644\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062a\u062c\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0631\u0637 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0634\u0642 \u0623\u0628\u0627\u062f<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.un.org\/development\/desa\/pd\/content\/world-population-prospects\" title=\"9|UN Population Division|2024\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[9]<\/a><\/sup>. \u064a\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0648\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0641\u0631\u0635\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0622\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u062a\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0632\u0627\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0636\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/place\/Turkmenistan\/People\" title=\"10|Britannica|2025\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[10]<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p>\n<p>\u062a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062c\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0648\u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u062f\u064a\u0645\u0648\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0647\u0627\u0645\u064b\u0627\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u063a\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u062d\u062b\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u0641\u0631\u0635 \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u0648\u062f \u0623\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/world\/asia-pacific\/turkmenistan-population-growth-challenges\/\" title=\"11|Reuters|2023\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[11]<\/a><\/sup>. \u062a\u062a\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0627\u0628\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0633\u0646 30 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 50% \u0645\u0646 \u0625\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0645 2026\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0634\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/data.worldbank.org\/indicator\/SP.POP.0014.TO.ZS?locations=TM\" title=\"12|World Bank|2026\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[12]<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629<\/h3>\n<figure class=\"geo-img-inline\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/7\/74\/Gorskii_04414u.jpg\" alt=\"\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\" loading=\"lazy\"><figcaption>\u0645\u0648\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0636\u062e\u0645\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0645\u062d\u0637\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u062c\u0632\u0621\u0627\u064b \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0639\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>\u062a\u0633\u0639\u0649 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u062c\u0627\u0647\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0645 2030\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0634\u0647\u062f\u062a \u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0638\u064b\u0627 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0636\u064a<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.un.org\/sustainabledevelopment\/countries\/turkmenistan\/\" title=\"13|UN Turkmenistan|2025\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[13]<\/a><\/sup>. \u0648\u0641\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0627\u0645 2026\u060c \u062d\u0642\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f \u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632\u062a \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631 0.700\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0636\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0641\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639\u0629<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/hdr.undp.org\/data-statistics\/country-data-tables\/TM\" title=\"14|UNDP HDR|2026\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[14]<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p>\n<p>\u062a\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0634\u0628\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0641\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.worldbank.org\/en\/country\/turkmenistan\/overview\" title=\"15|World Bank Turkmenistan|2025\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[15]<\/a><\/sup>. \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u064a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u062f\u0639\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u062c\u0632\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0631 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0636\u0639\u0641\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.imf.org\/en\/Countries\/TM\" title=\"16|IMF Turkmenistan|2026\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[16]<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p>\n<p>\u062a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0639\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0639\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0631\u0643\u0627\u0626\u0632 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0634\u064a \u0644\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0644\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0645\u0627\u0646<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/arabic\/world-47528399\" title=\"17|BBC Arabic|2019\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[17]<\/a><\/sup>. \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 2026\u060c \u062a\u0645 \u062a\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0635 \u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0624\u0643\u062f \u0623\u0648\u0644\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/turkmenistan\/economy\/\" title=\"18|CIA World Factbook|2026\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[18]<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p>\n<p>\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u062a\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0635\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0641\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0648\u0635\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a 70 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 2026<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.who.int\/countries\/tkm\/data\" title=\"19|WHO Turkmenistan|2026\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[19]<\/a><\/sup>. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0633\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0648\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0644\u062a\u0634\u062c\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0631\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0648\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/world\/asia-pacific\/turkmenistan-social-policies-2025\/\" title=\"20|Reuters|2025\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[20]<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p>\n<p>\u064a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c &#8220;\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 &#8211; \u0642\u0644\u0628 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0631&#8221; \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0639\u0627\u0645 2025 \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0623\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u0631\u0635 \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0631\u0641\u0639 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0634\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0645<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.aljazeera.net\/encyclopedia\/countries\/2014\/11\/17\/%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%83%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D8%BA%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%A7\" title=\"21|Al Jazeera|2014\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[21]<\/a><\/sup>. \u0634\u0647\u062f\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u0648\u0633\u0639\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u0647\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.un.org\/sustainabledevelopment\/countries\/turkmenistan\/\" title=\"22|UN Turkmenistan|2025\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[22]<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p>\n<p>\u062a\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062c\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0641\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0644 \u062d\u0638\u064b\u0627<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/data.worldbank.org\/indicator\/SP.RUR.TOTL.ZS?locations=TM\" title=\"23|World Bank|2026\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[23]<\/a><\/sup>. \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 2026\u060c \u062a\u0638\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0639\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0632 \u0631\u0639\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0641\u0627\u0644<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/place\/Turkmenistan\/People\" title=\"24|Britannica|2025\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[24]<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0629<\/h3>\n<figure class=\"geo-img-inline\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/6\/62\/Turkmen_Diesel_locomotive2.jpg\" alt=\"\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\" loading=\"lazy\"><figcaption>\u0642\u0627\u0637\u0631\u0629 \u062f\u064a\u0632\u0644 \u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 \u062a\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0643\u0629 \u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f\u060c \u062a\u0631\u0645\u0632 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u0629.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>\u064a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0631\u0643\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0645\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0646\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u064a\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0627\u0628\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0632\u0627\u064a\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a \u0644\u062a\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0633\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/turkmenistan\/economy\/\" title=\"25|CIA World Factbook|2026\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[25]<\/a><\/sup>. \u0648\u0641\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0627\u0645 2026\u060c \u0628\u0644\u063a\u062a \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a\u064a\u0646 \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a 99.8%\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/data.worldbank.org\/indicator\/SE.ADT.LITR.ZS?locations=TM\" title=\"26|World Bank|2026\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[26]<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p>\n<p>\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u0625\u062f\u062e\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0627\u062a (STEM)<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.un.org\/sustainabledevelopment\/countries\/turkmenistan\/\" title=\"27|UN Turkmenistan|2025\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[27]<\/a><\/sup>. \u0634\u0647\u062f\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0634\u0642 \u0623\u0628\u0627\u062f\u060c \u062a\u0648\u0633\u0639\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0644\u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0648\u062a\u062e\u0631\u064a\u062c \u0643\u0648\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0629<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/place\/Turkmenistan\/Education\" title=\"28|Britannica|2025\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[28]<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p>\n<p>\u0641\u064a \u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0629\u060c \u062a\u062a\u0628\u0639 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0631\u0639\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0635\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0646\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0639\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0636\u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0634\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u062a\u062c\u0647\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0641\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.who.int\/countries\/tkm\/data\" title=\"29|WHO Turkmenistan|2026\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[29]<\/a><\/sup>. \u0628\u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0645 2026\u060c \u0628\u0644\u063a \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0628\u0627\u0621 \u0644\u0643\u0644 1000 \u0646\u0633\u0645\u0629 \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a 2.8 \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0628\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u062a\u062d\u0633\u0646\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0638\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0629<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/data.worldbank.org\/indicator\/SH.MED.PHYS.ZS?locations=TM\" title=\"30|World Bank|2026\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[30]<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p>\n<p>\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u062d\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0635\u064a\u0646 \u0636\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f \u062d\u0642\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644\u0627\u062a \u062a\u063a\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0635\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0641\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0636 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0641\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0636\u0639 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u060c \u0644\u062a\u0635\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a 18 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0641\u0627\u0629 \u0644\u0643\u0644 1000 \u0645\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062f \u062d\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 2026<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.who.int\/countries\/tkm\/data\" title=\"31|WHO Turkmenistan|2026\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[31]<\/a><\/sup>. \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0635\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0641\u0644\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0639\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0627 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0628\u0639\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0631\u0636\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0629<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.un.org\/development\/desa\/pd\/content\/world-population-prospects\" title=\"32|UN Population Division|2024\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[32]<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p>\n<p>\u0634\u0647\u062f\u062a \u062a\u0631\u0643\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0625\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 &#8220;\u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0635\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0628&#8221; \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0623\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0641\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u0645\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a \u0648\u0623\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0644\u0628<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/world\/asia-pacific\/turkmenistan-health-reform-2024\/\" title=\"33|Reuters|2024\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[33]<\/a><\/sup>. \u062a\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u0649 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0644\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629\u060c \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0633\u0647\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0636\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0641\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u0649<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.aljazeera.net\/encyclopedia\/countries\/2014\/11\/17\/%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%83%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D8%BA%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%A7\" title=\"34|Al Jazeera|2014\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[34]<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p>\n<p>\u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0634\u062c\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u062d\u064b\u0627 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0641\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u060c \u062b\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f\u0647\u0645\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/arabic\/world-47528399\" title=\"35|BBC Arabic|2019\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[35]<\/a><\/sup>. \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0631\u0632\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0632\u0627\u0644 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0647\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0648\u064d \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0623\u0646\u062d\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.imf.org\/en\/Countries\/TM\" title=\"36|IMF Turkmenistan|2026\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[36]<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0627\u0628<\/h3>\n<figure class=\"geo-img-inline\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/5\/53\/Independence_Day_Parade_-_Flickr_-_Kerri-Jo_%28251%29.jpg\" alt=\"\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\" loading=\"lazy\"><figcaption>\u062c\u0646\u0648\u062f \u062a\u0631\u0643\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a \u0645\u0647\u064a\u0628 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644\u060c \u064a\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>\u062a\u0648\u0644\u064a \u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0647\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0642\u0636\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u060c \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0633\u0646 30 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062a\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u0631\u0635 \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0647\u0645<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/data.worldbank.org\/indicator\/SL.TLF.TOTL.IN?locations=TM\" title=\"37|World Bank|2026\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[37]<\/a><\/sup>. \u0648\u0641\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0627\u0645 2026\u060c \u0628\u0644\u063a \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0631\u0643\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a 4%\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0631\u0642\u0645 \u064a\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u0631\u0635 \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/turkmenistan\/economy\/\" title=\"38|CIA World Factbook|2026\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[38]<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p>\n<p>\u064a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0633\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0631\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0637\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0641\u0631\u0635 \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0632\u0627\u0644 \u064a\u0634\u063a\u0644 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/place\/Turkmenistan\/Economy\" title=\"39|Britannica|2025\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[39]<\/a><\/sup>. \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a \u0645\u0643\u062b\u0641\u0629 \u0644\u0631\u0628\u0637 \u0645\u062e\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0633\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u060c \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0634\u0626\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.un.org\/sustainabledevelopment\/countries\/turkmenistan\/\" title=\"40|UN Turkmenistan|2025\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[40]<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p>\n<p>\u062a\u064f\u0634\u062c\u0639 \u0631\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u0642\u0631\u0648\u0636 \u0645\u064a\u0633\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0625\u0639\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0636\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u062a\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0648\u062e\u0644\u0642 \u0648\u0638\u0627\u0626\u0641 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.imf.org\/en\/Countries\/TM\" title=\"41|IMF Turkmenistan|2026\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[41]<\/a><\/sup>. \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 2026\u060c \u0623\u0638\u0647\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 15% \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/world\/asia-pacific\/turkmenistan-business-growth-2026\/\" title=\"42|Reuters|2026\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[42]<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p>\n<p>\u064a\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0628\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0637 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u064a\u0647\u0645<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/arabic\/world-47528399\" title=\"43|BBC Arabic|2019\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[43]<\/a><\/sup>. \u062a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u0631\u0635\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0644\u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0636\u0628\u0627\u0637 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0637\u0646\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0644\u0639\u0628 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u0631\u0635 \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/turkmenistan\/military-and-security\/\" title=\"44|CIA World Factbook|2026\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[44]<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p>\n<p>\u062a\u064f\u0646\u0641\u0630 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u062f\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u0631\u0635 \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u0649\u060c \u0644\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0633\u0644\u0633 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.worldbank.org\/en\/country\/turkmenistan\/overview\" title=\"45|World Bank Turkmenistan|2025\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[45]<\/a><\/sup>. \u064a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0634\u0647\u062f \u0646\u0645\u0648\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0637\u0631\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u062e\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0634\u0642 \u0623\u0628\u0627\u062f \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u060c \u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u062a\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.aljazeera.net\/encyclopedia\/countries\/2014\/11\/17\/%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%83%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D8%BA%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%A7\" title=\"46|Al Jazeera|2014\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[46]<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p>\n<p>\u062a\u064f\u0639\u0637\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0627\u0628\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0625\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0628\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u062c\u064a\u0644 \u0642\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0633\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.un.org\/sustainabledevelopment\/countries\/turkmenistan\/\" title=\"47|UN Turkmenistan|2025\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[47]<\/a><\/sup>. \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0630\u0648\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0632\u0627\u0644 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0641\u064a \u062e\u0644\u0642 \u0641\u0631\u0635 \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u062c\u0627\u0630\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0628\u0629<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.imf.org\/en\/Countries\/TM\" title=\"48|IMF Turkmenistan|2026\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[48]<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p>\n<h2>\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u064a\u0629<\/h2>\n<p>\u062a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0647\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u063a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u062a\u062c\u0630\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0643\u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u062a\u062c\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0644\u063a\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644\u064a\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0641\u0646\u0648\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062b\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u064a\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0641\u0636\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632\u0629 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0635\u0648\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062b \u0648\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631\u0647 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0641\u062a\u0627\u062d \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649. \u064a\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0628\u0643\u0631\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u064a\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u064a\u0642 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644\u064a\u062f\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u062c\u0633\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0647\u0631\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0628\u062e \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a \u062c\u0632\u0621\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u062c\u0632\u0623 \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0633\u0639\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0632\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0639\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0639\u0627\u0645 2026.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646<\/h3>\n<figure class=\"geo-img-inline\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/en\/7\/75\/Ashgabat_mosque_IMG_5756_%2826111145635%29.jpg\" alt=\"\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\" loading=\"lazy\"><figcaption>\u0645\u0633\u062c\u062f \u0636\u062e\u0645 \u0630\u0648 \u0642\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0628\u064a\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0634\u0642 \u0623\u0628\u0627\u062f\u060c \u064a\u0628\u0631\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u062a\u0646\u062a\u0645\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u0631\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u063a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u064a\u062a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0648\u062a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632\u0629 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0647\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/place\/Turkmenistan\/People\" title=\"49|Britannica|2025\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[49]<\/a><\/sup>. \u064a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0646\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1993\u060c \u0644\u064a\u062d\u0644 \u0645\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0641\u064a\u062a\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0641\u064a \u062e\u0637\u0648\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0629<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/turkmenistan\/data-and-statistics\/\" title=\"50|CIA World Factbook|2026\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[50]<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p>\n<p>\u062a\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u0649 \u0648\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u064a\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0633\u0646\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0633\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0631\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0641\u064a\u062a\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/world\/asia-pacific\/turkmenistan-language-dynamics-2023\/\" title=\"51|Reuters|2023\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[51]<\/a><\/sup>. \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0632\u0627\u064a\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0633 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0641\u062a\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u0631\u0635 \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.un.org\/sustainabledevelopment\/countries\/turkmenistan\/\" title=\"52|UN Turkmenistan|2025\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[52]<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0631\u0643\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u062a\u0628\u0639 \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0630\u0647\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0646\u0641\u064a\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0644\u0639\u0628 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0647\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0645\u0627\u0646<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/turkmenistan\/data-and-statistics\/\" title=\"53|CIA World Factbook|2026\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[53]<\/a><\/sup>. \u0634\u0647\u062f\u062a \u062a\u0631\u0643\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0646\u0647\u0636\u0629 \u062f\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0645 \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u062a\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u062c\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0628\u0631\u0632\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0633\u062c\u062f \u0631\u0648\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0634\u0642 \u0623\u0628\u0627\u062f\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u0633\u062c\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0622\u0633\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0649<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.aljazeera.net\/encyclopedia\/countries\/2014\/11\/17\/%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%83%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D8%BA%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%A7\" title=\"54|Al Jazeera|2014\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[54]<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p>\n<p>\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629\u060c \u064a\u064f\u0633\u0645\u062d \u0628\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062d\u062a\u0631\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u064a\u062d\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062b\u0648\u0630\u0643\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0648\u0623\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/arabic\/world-47528399\" title=\"55|BBC Arabic|2019\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[55]<\/a><\/sup>. \u064a\u0644\u0639\u0628 \u0643\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646 \u0648\u0634\u064a\u0648\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0647\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0646\u0642\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u064a\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0628\u0629\u060c \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nationalgeographic.com\/places\/countries\/turkmenistan\/\" title=\"56|National Geographic|2025\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[56]<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p>\n<p>\u062a\u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u064a\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0639\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0637\u0631 \u0648\u0639\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0636\u062d\u0649 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0626\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0648\u062a\u064f\u0645\u0646\u062d \u0639\u0637\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0644\u062a\u0645\u0643\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0625\u0642\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0634\u0639\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0647\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0647\u0627<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/place\/Turkmenistan\/People\" title=\"57|Britannica|2025\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[57]<\/a><\/sup>. \u062a\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0635\u064a\u0627\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u064f\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0648\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u063a\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0647\u0627<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/turkmenistan\/data-and-statistics\/\" title=\"58|CIA World Factbook|2026\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[58]<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062b \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646\u0648\u0646<\/h3>\n<figure class=\"geo-img-inline\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/c\/c4\/Turban_helmet_Met_04.3.211.jpg\" alt=\"\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\" loading=\"lazy\"><figcaption>\u062e\u0648\u0630\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0632\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0632\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0645\u0629\u060c \u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u062c\u0632\u0621\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0645\u0627\u0646.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>\u062a\u062a\u0645\u062a\u0639 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062b \u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a \u063a\u0646\u064a \u064a\u0639\u0648\u062f \u0622\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u064a\u0646\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u062c\u0632\u0621\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u062c\u0632\u0623 \u0645\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u062c\u0639\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0621 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0636\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u064f\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0643\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062b\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0631\u0648 \u0648\u0646\u0633\u0627 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0642<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nationalgeographic.com\/history\/article\/silk-road-ancient-trade-route\" title=\"59|National Geographic|2025\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[59]<\/a><\/sup>. \u062a\u064f\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062c\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u064a\u062f\u0648\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u062c\u0648\u062f\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0645\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0629\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0643\u0644 \u0633\u062c\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0642\u0637\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u0643\u064a \u0642\u0635\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u064f\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u062e\u0645\u0633\u0629 \u0623\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0637 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0645\u0633\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0634\u0639\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/place\/Turkmenistan\/Cultural-life\" title=\"60|Britannica|2025\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[60]<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p>\n<p>\u062a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0642\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u062c\u0632\u0621\u064b\u0627 \u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0622\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u062a\u0627\u0631 (\u0622\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062a\u0631\u064a\u0646) \u0648\u0627\u0644\u063a\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0643\u060c \u0648\u062a\u064f\u0639\u0632\u0641 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u0635 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644\u064a\u062f \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0646<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.aljazeera.net\/encyclopedia\/countries\/2014\/11\/17\/%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%83%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D8%BA%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%A7\" title=\"61|Al Jazeera|2014\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[61]<\/a><\/sup>. \u064a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u064a\u0643\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0633\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u062e\u064a\u0648\u0644 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0635\u064a\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0631\u0645\u0632\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0641\u062e\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629\u060c \u0648\u064a\u064f\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0628\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0647 \u0648\u0642\u062f\u0631\u062a\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0647 \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/arabic\/world-47528399\" title=\"62|BBC Arabic|2019\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[62]<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p>\n<p>\u062a\u0632\u062e\u0631 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062b\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646\u0633\u0643\u0648 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0645\u0631\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0643\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0648\u0631\u063a\u0646\u062c\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062c\u0630\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u062d \u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0643\u0634\u0627\u0641 \u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0636\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0632\u062f\u0647\u0631\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/whc.unesco.org\/en\/statesparties\/tm\" title=\"63|UNESCO|2025\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[63]<\/a><\/sup>. \u062a\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0632\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0628\u0633 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u063a\u0637\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u064a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0648\u0633\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0642\u0628\u064a\u0644\u0629<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/place\/Turkmenistan\/Cultural-life\" title=\"64|Britannica|2025\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[64]<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p>\n<p>\u062a\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0647\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u062e\u0627\u0635\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0631\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062b\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0627\u062d\u0641\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u062d\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u062a\u062d\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062c\u0627\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0634\u0642 \u0623\u0628\u0627\u062f\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0643\u0646\u0648\u0632\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/turkmenistan\/data-and-statistics\/\" title=\"65|CIA World Factbook|2026\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[65]<\/a><\/sup>. \u064a\u064f\u062d\u062a\u0641\u0644 \u0628\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0643\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u064f\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u064a\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u064a\u0643\u064a \u0648\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0632\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0628 \u0648\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062b\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u064a\u062f<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/world\/asia-pacific\/turkmenistan-horse-day-2024\/\" title=\"66|Reuters|2024\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[66]<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p>\n<p>\u064a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0641\u0647\u064a\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062c\u0632\u0621\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u062c\u0632\u0623 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u062c\u064a\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0648\u064a\u064f\u0639\u062f &#8220;\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u062f\u062f\u0647 \u0642\u0648\u0631\u0642\u0648\u062f&#8221; \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0628\u0631\u0632 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0631\u0648\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nationalgeographic.com\/places\/countries\/turkmenistan\/\" title=\"67|National Geographic|2025\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[67]<\/a><\/sup>. \u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u064a\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062c\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0639\u0632\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u062a\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0644\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646\u064a\u0629<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.un.org\/sustainabledevelopment\/countries\/turkmenistan\/\" title=\"68|UN Turkmenistan|2025\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[68]<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644\u064a\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0631\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a<\/h3>\n<figure class=\"geo-img-inline\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/f\/f1\/Independence_Day_Parade_-_Flickr_-_Kerri-Jo_%28314%29.jpg\" alt=\"\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\" loading=\"lazy\"><figcaption>\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0647\u064a\u062c \u0628\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644\u060c \u064a\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0644\u0628\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0644\u064a \u064a\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>\u062a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644\u064a\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0631\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u062c\u0632\u0621\u064b\u0627 \u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0631\u0643\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0636\u064a\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/place\/Turkmenistan\/Cultural-life\" title=\"69|Britannica|2025\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[69]<\/a><\/sup>. \u064a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0639\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0632\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u064f\u062d\u062a\u0641\u0644 \u0628\u0647 \u0641\u064a 21 \u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u064a\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0631\u0645\u0632 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0639 \u0648\u062a\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629\u060c \u0648\u064a\u064f\u062d\u062a\u0641\u0644 \u0628\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0626\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0639\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0635\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0629<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/whc.unesco.org\/en\/list\/1161\" title=\"70|UNESCO|2025\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[70]<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p>\n<p>\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0641 27 \u0633\u0628\u062a\u0645\u0628\u0631\u060c \u0647\u0648 \u0623\u0628\u0631\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u064a\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u064a\u064f\u062d\u062a\u0641\u0644 \u0628\u0647 \u0628\u0639\u0631\u0648\u0636 \u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0636\u062e\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0636\u0627\u062a \u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0641\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0634\u0642 \u0623\u0628\u0627\u062f\u060c \u062a\u064f\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0641\u062e\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b \u0648\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0632\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/turkmenistan\/data-and-statistics\/\" title=\"71|CIA World Factbook|2026\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[71]<\/a><\/sup>. \u062a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0628\u0631\u0649\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0642\u0648\u0633 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0645\u062a\u062f \u0644\u0623\u064a\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nationalgeographic.com\/places\/countries\/turkmenistan\/\" title=\"72|National Geographic|2025\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[72]<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p>\n<p>\u062a\u064f\u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0647\u0631\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0627\u062f\u060c \u0648\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u062d\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0646\u060c \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0641\u060c \u0648\u062a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0641\u0631\u0635\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0648\u0641\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0642 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0639\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062a\u062e\u0644\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u063a\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0635\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/world\/asia-pacific\/turkmenistan-harvest-festival-2024\/\" title=\"73|Reuters|2024\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[73]<\/a><\/sup>. \u064a\u0644\u0639\u0628 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0645 \u0643\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u064f\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u064f\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0622\u0631\u0627\u0624\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0626\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u0645\u0629<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.aljazeera.net\/encyclopedia\/countries\/2014\/11\/17\/%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%83%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D8%BA%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%A7\" title=\"74|Al Jazeera|2014\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[74]<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p>\n<p>\u062a\u064f\u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0645\u0635\u0627\u0631\u0639\u0629 &#8220;\u0643\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0634&#8221; \u0648\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u064a\u0644\u060c \u0643\u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0631\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062c\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u064f\u0642\u062f\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/arabic\/world-47528399\" title=\"75|BBC Arabic|2019\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[75]<\/a><\/sup>. \u062a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062e\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0648 &#8220;\u064a\u0648\u0631\u062a&#8221;\u060c \u0631\u0645\u0632\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0636\u064a\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062d\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0632\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0625\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u0648\u064a<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/place\/Turkmenistan\/Cultural-life\" title=\"76|Britannica|2025\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[76]<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p>\n<p>\u064a\u064f\u062d\u062a\u0641\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u064a\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0630\u0643\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u064f\u0643\u0631\u0645 \u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0623\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0647\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u062a\u0631\u0643\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0646<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/turkmenistan\/data-and-statistics\/\" title=\"77|CIA World Factbook|2026\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[77]<\/a><\/sup>. \u062a\u064f\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0631\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u064a\u0642 \u0644\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0628\u0623\u0631\u0636\u0647 \u0648\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u0647\u060c \u0648\u062a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0648\u0633\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0642\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0648\u064a\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.un.org\/sustainabledevelopment\/countries\/turkmenistan\/\" title=\"78|UN Turkmenistan|2025\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[78]<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0628\u062e \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0636\u064a\u0627\u0641\u0629<\/h3>\n<figure class=\"geo-img-inline\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/7\/78\/Independence_Day_Parade_-_Flickr_-_Kerri-Jo_%28215%29.jpg\" alt=\"\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\" loading=\"lazy\"><figcaption>\u062d\u0634\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0633 \u064a\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0644\u064a\u060c \u064a\u062c\u0633\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0631\u0648\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0636\u064a\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u064a\u0644\u0629.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>\u064a\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0628\u062e \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0628\u0628\u0633\u0627\u0637\u062a\u0647 \u0648\u062a\u0623\u062b\u0631\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0622\u0633\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0645 (\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0644\u062d\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0623\u0646) \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0632 \u0648\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0646<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nationalgeographic.com\/places\/countries\/turkmenistan\/\" title=\"79|National Geographic|2025\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[79]<\/a><\/sup>. \u064a\u064f\u0639\u062f &#8220;\u0628\u0644\u0648\u0641&#8221; (\u0637\u0628\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0632 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0644\u062d\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0631) \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0628\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0631\u0643\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0648\u064a\u064f\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u064a\u064f\u0637\u0647\u0649 \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/place\/Turkmenistan\/Cultural-life\" title=\"80|Britannica|2025\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[80]<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p>\n<p>\u062a\u064f\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u064a\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u064f\u0631\u062d\u0628 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0636\u064a\u0648\u0641 \u0628\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0648\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0648\u064a\u064f\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0644\u0647\u0645 \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u062a\u060c \u0648\u064a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0636\u0631 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u064f\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0636\u064a\u0648\u0641 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0642\u0627\u062a<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.aljazeera.net\/encyclopedia\/countries\/2014\/11\/17\/%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%83%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D8%BA%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%A7\" title=\"81|Al Jazeera|2014\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[81]<\/a><\/sup>. \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0628\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 &#8220;\u0645\u0627\u0646\u062a\u064a&#8221; (\u0632\u0644\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062d\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0647\u0648\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062e\u0627\u0631) \u0648&#8221;\u0634\u0648\u0631\u0628\u0627&#8221; (\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062d\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0636\u0631\u0648\u0627\u062a)\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u062c\u0632\u0621\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0630\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/lifestyle\/food-drink\/turkmen-cuisine-travel-2023\/\" title=\"82|Reuters|2023\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[82]<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p>\n<p>\u064a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0628\u0632\u060c \u0648\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u062e\u0628\u0632 &#8220;\u062a\u0634\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0643&#8221; \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0637\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0628\u0648\u0632 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0646 (\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0631)\u060c \u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u064a\u064f\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0637\u0627\u0632\u062c\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0639 \u0643\u0644 \u0648\u062c\u0628\u0629<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/arabic\/world-47528399\" title=\"83|BBC Arabic|2019\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[83]<\/a><\/sup>. \u062a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0628\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0648&#8221;\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0646&#8221; (\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0628\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0645\u0631)\u060c \u062c\u0632\u0621\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0647\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0628\u062e \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u060c \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0639\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0634\u064a\u0629 \u0634\u0627\u0626\u0639\u0629<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/place\/Turkmenistan\/Cultural-life\" title=\"84|Britannica|2025\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[84]<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p>\n<p>\u064a\u064f\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0637\u0628\u0642 &#8220;\u062f\u0648\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0645\u0627&#8221; \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0628\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0644\u062d\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629\u060c \u0648\u064a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0637\u0628\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u064a\u0631\u0645\u0632 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nationalgeographic.com\/places\/countries\/turkmenistan\/\" title=\"85|National Geographic|2025\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[85]<\/a><\/sup>. \u062a\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0626\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0647\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0632\u062c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0630\u064a\u060c \u0648\u062a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062c\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0626\u0644\u064a \u0648\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0627\u062f\u064a\u062b<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/turkmenistan\/data-and-statistics\/\" title=\"86|CIA World Factbook|2026\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[86]<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p>\n<p>\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u064a\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0642\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u064f\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u064a\u0648\u0641 \u0643\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0628 \u0648\u0634\u0631\u0641 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0646<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.un.org\/sustainabledevelopment\/countries\/turkmenistan\/\" title=\"87|UN Turkmenistan|2025\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[87]<\/a><\/sup>. \u062a\u064f\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0628\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0643\u0631\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u064a\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0643\u0631\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u064a\u0627\u062f\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644 \u062a\u062c\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u062c\u0632\u0621\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u064f\u0646\u0633\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/lifestyle\/food-drink\/turkmen-cuisine-travel-2023\/\" title=\"88|Reuters|2023\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[88]<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p>\n<h2>\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645<\/h2>\n<p>\u062a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u062a\u0631\u0643\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0629\u060c \u062a\u0632\u062e\u0631 \u0628\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u062d\u0636\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u062a\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0647\u0634\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062f\u0646 \u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u0628\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0645\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0641\u062e\u0645 \u0648\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0639\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0628\u0646\u064a\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062c\u0630\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0648\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u064a\u0646. \u062a\u0633\u0639\u0649 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0639\u0627\u0645 2026\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0632 \u0643\u0646\u0648\u0632\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0641\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062f\u0646 \u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646\u0633\u0643\u0648 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0638\u0648\u0627\u0647\u0631 \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0646\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0648\u0641\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u062c\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u063a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0631\u0627\u063a\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0643\u0634\u0627\u0641 \u0642\u0644\u0628 \u0622\u0633\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0649.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062b\u0631\u064a\u0629<\/h3>\n<figure class=\"geo-img-inline\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/b\/b5\/Independence_Day_Parade_-_Flickr_-_Kerri-Jo_%2866%29.jpg\" alt=\"\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\" loading=\"lazy\"><figcaption>\u062f\u0628\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0642\u0648\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0648\u0643\u0628 \u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0631\u0645\u0632\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>\u062a\u0641\u062a\u062e\u0631 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062b\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0634\u0647\u0648\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0636\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0632\u062f\u0647\u0631\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0637\u0648\u0644 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0645 \u0625\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062c \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646\u0633\u0643\u0648 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0624\u0643\u062f \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0629<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/whc.unesco.org\/en\/statesparties\/tm\" title=\"89|UNESCO|2025\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[89]<\/a><\/sup>. \u062a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0645\u0631\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0629 (Ancient Merv) \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0628\u0631\u0632 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0649\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0636\u0645 \u0628\u0642\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0645\u062f\u0646 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0642\u0628\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0622\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u064a\u0646<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nationalgeographic.com\/history\/article\/silk-road-ancient-trade-route\" title=\"90|National Geographic|2025\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[90]<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p>\n<p>\u062a\u0636\u0645 \u0645\u0631\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u0648\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062f \u0648\u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062f\u064a\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0623\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u062c\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0631\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0646\u0627\u0641\u0630\u0629 \u0641\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0636\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0622\u0633\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0649<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/place\/Merv\" title=\"91|Britannica|2025\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[91]<\/a><\/sup>. \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0643\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0648\u0631\u063a\u0646\u062c (Kunya-Urgench) \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a \u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u0639\u0627\u0635\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0631\u0632\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u064a\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u0642\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0639\u0634\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062f\u0633 \u0639\u0634\u0631\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0622\u0630\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0636\u0631\u062d\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0639<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/whc.unesco.org\/en\/list\/1161\" title=\"92|UNESCO|2025\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[92]<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p>\n<p>\u064a\u0628\u0631\u0632 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0648\u0631\u063a\u0646\u062c \u0636\u0631\u064a\u062d \u062a\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0643 \u062e\u0627\u0646\u0645 \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0642\u0648\u062a\u0644\u0648\u063a \u062a\u064a\u0645\u0648\u0631\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0637\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0622\u0630\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0622\u0633\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0649\u060c \u0648\u062a\u064f\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0631\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/turkmenistan\/data-and-statistics\/\" title=\"93|CIA World Factbook|2026\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[93]<\/a><\/sup>. \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0646\u0633\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0629 (Nisa) \u0647\u0648 \u0639\u0627\u0635\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0637\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0631\u062b\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0642\u0639 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0634\u0642 \u0623\u0628\u0627\u062f\u060c \u0648\u064a\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u0642\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u062d\u0635\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0628\u062f \u0648\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u0639\u0648\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062f\u064a<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/whc.unesco.org\/en\/list\/1242\" title=\"94|UNESCO|2025\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[94]<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p>\n<p>\u062a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0646\u0633\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0637\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0631\u062b\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0641\u0646\u0648\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0641\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/world\/asia-pacific\/turkmenistan-archaeology-2024\/\" title=\"95|Reuters|2024\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[95]<\/a><\/sup>. \u062a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u062c\u0647\u0648\u062f \u062d\u062b\u064a\u062b\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0631\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062b \u0644\u0644\u0623\u062c\u064a\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0645\u0629<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.un.org\/sustainabledevelopment\/countries\/turkmenistan\/\" title=\"96|UN Turkmenistan|2025\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[96]<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p>\n<p>\u064a\u0632\u0648\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0622\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u062d \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u064a\u0646 \u0633\u0646\u0648\u064a\u064b\u0627\u060c \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0627 \u0648\u0622\u0633\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0639\u064a \u0628\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u062a\u0631\u0643\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0646\u064a<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.aljazeera.net\/encyclopedia\/countries\/2014\/11\/17\/%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%83%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D8%BA%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%A7\" title=\"97|Al Jazeera|2014\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[97]<\/a><\/sup>. \u062a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u062d\u0629\u060c \u0631\u0645\u0632\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0641\u062e\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0645\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062b \u0648\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062a\u0647 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u062c\u064a\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0645\u0629<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/arabic\/world-47528399\" title=\"98|BBC Arabic|2019\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[98]<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629<\/h3>\n<figure class=\"geo-img-inline\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/8\/8a\/Darvasa_gas_crater_panorama.jpg\" alt=\"\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\" loading=\"lazy\"><figcaption>\u0641\u0648\u0647\u0629 \u063a\u0627\u0632 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u0641\u0627\u0632\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0648\u0641\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u0645 &quot;\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062d\u064a\u0645&quot;\u060c \u062a\u064f\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629 \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u062c\u0630\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u062d.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>\u062a\u062a\u0645\u062a\u0639 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0632 \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0628\u0631\u0632\u0647\u0627 &#8220;\u0628\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062d\u064a\u0645&#8221; \u0623\u0648 \u0641\u0648\u0647\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u0641\u0627\u0632\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u062d\u0641\u0631\u0629 \u063a\u0627\u0632 \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a \u062a\u0634\u062a\u0639\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0639\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0635\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0642\u0631\u0647 \u0642\u0648\u0645\u060c \u0648\u062a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u063a\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0648\u0627\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0648\u062a\u062c\u0630\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0627\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0646<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nationalgeographic.com\/science\/article\/darvaza-gas-crater-door-to-hell\" title=\"99|National Geographic|2025\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[99]<\/a><\/sup>. \u062a\u063a\u0637\u064a \u0635\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0642\u0631\u0647 \u0642\u0648\u0645 \u062c\u0632\u0621\u064b\u0627 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0638\u0631 \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0635\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0634\u0627\u0633\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u0643\u062b\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0631\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0648\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0628\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0635\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0645\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u0627\u062a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0643\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/place\/Garagum-Desert\" title=\"100|Britannica|2025\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[100]<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p>\n<p>\u064a\u0642\u0639 \u0628\u062d\u0631 \u0642\u0632\u0648\u064a\u0646 \u063a\u0631\u0628 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0634\u0648\u0627\u0637\u0626 \u0631\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0635\u064a\u062f\u060c \u0648\u064a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0647\u0627\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0637 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0628\u062d\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/turkmenistan\/geography\/\" title=\"101|CIA World Factbook|2026\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[101]<\/a><\/sup>. \u062a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0645\u062d\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062e\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628 \u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f\u060c \u0645\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0636\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0631\u0633\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0648\u062a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0631\u0643\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/whc.unesco.org\/en\/tentativelists\/5433\/\" title=\"102|UNESCO|2025\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[102]<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p>\n<p>\u062a\u0636\u0645 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0645\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0628\u064a\u062a\u062f\u0627\u063a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u0628\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a \u0648\u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0648\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0634\u064a \u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0643\u0634\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/world\/asia-pacific\/turkmenistan-ecotourism-2024\/\" title=\"103|Reuters|2024\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[103]<\/a><\/sup>. \u062a\u064f\u0628\u0630\u0644 \u062c\u0647\u0648\u062f \u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062f\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0645\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062a\u0634\u062c\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0629<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.un.org\/sustainabledevelopment\/countries\/turkmenistan\/\" title=\"104|UN Turkmenistan|2025\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[104]<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p>\n<p>\u062a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0628\u062d\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0643\u0648\u0644-\u0623\u0648\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0648\u0641\u0629 \u0628\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a \u0648\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062c\u0630\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0648\u0627\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u062e\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0647\u0627\u062f\u0626\u0629 \u0648\u0628\u0639\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0635\u062e\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.aljazeera.net\/encyclopedia\/countries\/2014\/11\/17\/%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%83%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D8%BA%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%A7\" title=\"105|Al Jazeera|2014\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[105]<\/a><\/sup>. \u062a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u062c\u0628\u0627\u0644 \u0643\u0648\u0628\u064a\u062a \u062f\u0627\u063a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0648\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0644\u0639\u0634\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u064a \u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0636\u0645 \u0643\u0647\u0648\u0641\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0635\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0647\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nationalgeographic.com\/places\/countries\/turkmenistan\/\" title=\"106|National Geographic|2025\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[106]<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p>\n<p>\u062a\u0634\u0647\u062f \u062a\u0631\u0643\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u062c\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0641\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u062d\u0631\u060c \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0637\u0637\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0639\u0627\u0645 2030\u060c \u0628\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0641\u064a\u0641 \u0645\u0646 \u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u062e\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.worldbank.org\/en\/country\/turkmenistan\/overview\" title=\"107|World Bank Turkmenistan|2025\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[107]<\/a><\/sup>. \u062a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u062c\u0632\u0621\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u062c\u0632\u0623 \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0641\u0631\u0635\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0627\u0645\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u062d\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/arabic\/world-47528399\" title=\"108|BBC Arabic|2019\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[108]<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a<\/h3>\n<figure class=\"geo-img-inline\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/7\/72\/Boeing_777-22KLR_EZ-A778.jpg\" alt=\"\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\" loading=\"lazy\"><figcaption>\u0637\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0648\u064a\u0646\u062c 777 \u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 \u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062a\u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>\u0634\u0647\u062f\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0634\u0642 \u0623\u0628\u0627\u062f \u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0647\u0627\u0626\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d\u062a \u062a\u064f\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0628\u0640&#8221;\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062e\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u064a\u0636&#8221; \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0637\u0627\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0631\u062e\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u064a\u0636\u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f \u062f\u062e\u0644\u062a \u0645\u0648\u0633\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0633 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u062a\u0636\u0645 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0631\u062e\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/place\/Ashgabat\" title=\"109|Britannica|2025\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[109]<\/a><\/sup>. \u062a\u0636\u0645 \u0639\u0634\u0642 \u0623\u0628\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0632\u0629\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0628\u0631\u062c \u062a\u0631\u0643\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0625\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062e\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u062c\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/turkmenistan\/data-and-statistics\/\" title=\"110|CIA World Factbook|2026\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[110]<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p>\n<p>\u062a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0634\u0642 \u0623\u0628\u0627\u062f \u0645\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631\u0629\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u0636\u0645 \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0639\u0634\u0642 \u0623\u0628\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0627\u0641\u062a\u062a\u062d \u0639\u0627\u0645 2016\u060c \u0645\u0628\u0646\u0649 \u0631\u0643\u0627\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0637\u0627\u0626\u0631\u060c \u0648\u064a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064b\u0627 \u0625\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0647\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u0647\u0644 \u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u062d \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0646<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/world\/asia-pacific\/turkmenistan-ashgabat-airport-2023\/\" title=\"111|Reuters|2023\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[111]<\/a><\/sup>. \u062a\u0633\u062a\u0636\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646\u0627\u062f\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u062e\u0631\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u062d \u0648\u0631\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0632\u0632 \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0627\u0630\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0643\u0648\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nationalgeographic.com\/places\/countries\/turkmenistan\/\" title=\"112|National Geographic|2025\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[112]<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p>\n<p>\u062a\u0633\u0639\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u062f\u0646 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0645\u0631\u0648 \u0648\u062f\u0627\u0634 \u0623\u0648\u063a\u0648\u0632 \u0648\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u0628\u0627\u062f\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0639\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u062d\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0623\u0648\u0633\u0639<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.un.org\/sustainabledevelopment\/countries\/turkmenistan\/\" title=\"113|UN Turkmenistan|2025\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[113]<\/a><\/sup>. \u062a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0627\u062d\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0634\u0642 \u0623\u0628\u0627\u062f\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u062d\u0641 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0645\u062a\u062d\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062c\u0627\u062f\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0641\u0646\u0648\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.aljazeera.net\/encyclopedia\/countries\/2014\/11\/17\/%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%83%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D8%BA%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%A7\" title=\"114|Al Jazeera|2014\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[114]<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p>\n<p>\u064a\u064f\u0639\u062f &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0645\u0628\u064a&#8221; \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0634\u0642 \u0623\u0628\u0627\u062f \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0623\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0634\u0622\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0636\u0627\u0641 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0633\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0635\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0645 2017\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0627\u0647\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f \u0628\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0629<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/arabic\/world-47528399\" title=\"115|BBC Arabic|2019\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[115]<\/a><\/sup>. \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 2026\u060c \u062a\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u0649 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0634\u0642 \u0623\u0628\u0627\u062f\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0633\u0643\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0632 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0647\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0632\u0632 \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0643\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0645\u0629 \u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631\u0629<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.worldbank.org\/en\/country\/turkmenistan\/overview\" title=\"116|World Bank Turkmenistan|2025\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[116]<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p>\n<h2>\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629<\/h2>\n<p>\u062a\u062a\u0628\u0639 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u062d\u064a\u0627\u062f \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0645\u0639\u062a\u0631\u0641 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1995\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062d\u062c\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u064a\u0633\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u062c\u0633\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0628\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0648\u064a\u0629. \u062a\u0633\u0639\u0649 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0639\u0627\u0645 2026\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0643\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0643 \u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0639 \u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0628\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u062d\u064a\u0627\u062f\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0624\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0628\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/h3>\n<figure class=\"geo-img-inline\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/d\/df\/Serdar_Berdimuhamedov_in_Japan_on_April_15%2C_2025.jpg\" alt=\"\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\" loading=\"lazy\"><figcaption>\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0633\u0631\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0631\u062f\u064a \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f\u0648\u0641 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0644\u0642\u0627\u0621 \u0642\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0645 2025\u060c \u064a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0628\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>\u062a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 1995 \u0648\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0631\u0641\u062a \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u062f\u0628\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0633\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0645 \u0628\u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0646\u0628\u064a\u0629<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.un.org\/press\/en\/1995\/19951212.ga9078.html\" title=\"117|UN Press Release|1995\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[117]<\/a><\/sup>. \u062a\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0622\u0633\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0649\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0627\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0628\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0632\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/turkmenistan\/government\/\" title=\"118|CIA World Factbook|2026\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[118]<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p>\n<p>\u062a\u064f\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u062c\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u062c\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0622\u0633\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0649\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0643\u0627\u0632\u0627\u062e\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0623\u0648\u0632\u0628\u0643\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0637\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0643\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0642\u064a\u0631\u063a\u064a\u0632\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0648\u062a\u064f\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u0622\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a \u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0634\u0629 \u0642\u0636\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/world\/asia-pacific\/turkmenistan-regional-diplomacy-2024\/\" title=\"119|Reuters|2024\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[119]<\/a><\/sup>. \u062a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0631\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u062a\u0645\u062a\u0639 \u0628\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u060c \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/place\/Turkmenistan\/Foreign-relations\" title=\"120|Britannica|2025\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[120]<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p>\n<p>\u062a\u064f\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0637 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0627 \u0648\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0635\u064a\u0627\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.un.org\/sustainabledevelopment\/countries\/turkmenistan\/\" title=\"121|UN Turkmenistan|2025\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[121]<\/a><\/sup>. \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 2025\u060c \u0634\u0647\u062f\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0628\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0646\u0634\u0627\u0637\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0638\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0642\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0642\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0643\u0628\u0631\u0649 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0644\u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/world\/asia-pacific\/turkmenistan-japan-summit-2025\/\" title=\"122|Reuters|2025\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[122]<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p>\n<p>\u062a\u0648\u0644\u064a \u062a\u0631\u0643\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0647\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u062e\u0627\u0635\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0633\u0639\u0649 \u0644\u062a\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0639 \u0637\u0631\u0642 \u062a\u0635\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u060c \u0648\u062a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u062e\u0637\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u062e\u0637 \u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646-\u0623\u0641\u063a\u0627\u0646\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646-\u0628\u0627\u0643\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646-\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f (TAPI) \u062c\u0632\u0621\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.aljazeera.net\/news\/2020\/1\/15\/\u062e\u0637-\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628-\u062a\u0627\u0628\u064a-\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0646-\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629\" title=\"123|Al Jazeera|2020\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[123]<\/a><\/sup>. \u062a\u064f\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0641\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0631\u0647\u0627\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0647\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0639 \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/turkmenistan\/military-and-security\/\" title=\"124|CIA World Factbook|2026\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[124]<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p>\n<p>\u062a\u064f\u0639\u0632\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0633\u0639\u0649 \u0644\u062c\u0630\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0646\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0637\u0627\u0642\u0648\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0643\u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0647\u0648\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u062a\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.imf.org\/en\/Countries\/TM\" title=\"125|IMF Turkmenistan|2026\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[125]<\/a><\/sup>. \u062a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0628\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629 \u0645\u0647\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0641\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/arabic\/world-47528399\" title=\"126|BBC Arabic|2019\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[126]<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645<\/h3>\n<figure class=\"geo-img-inline\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/5\/5f\/Jack-up-rig-in-the-caspian-sea.JPG\" alt=\"\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\" loading=\"lazy\"><figcaption>\u0645\u0646\u0635\u0629 \u062d\u0641\u0631 \u0628\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u062d\u0631 \u0642\u0632\u0648\u064a\u0646\u060c \u062a\u0631\u0645\u0632 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0632\u0632 \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u062f.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>\u062a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 1995\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u064f\u0642\u0631\u0651\u062a \u0628\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u062c\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.un.org\/press\/en\/1995\/19951212.ga9078.html\" title=\"127|UN Press Release|1995\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[127]<\/a><\/sup>. \u062a\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u062f \u064a\u0633\u0645\u062d \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u062c\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0637\u0631\u0642 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/turkmenistan\/government\/\" title=\"128|CIA World Factbook|2026\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[128]<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p>\n<p>\u062a\u064f\u0633\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u062a\u0631\u0643\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0643\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0645 2026\u060c \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u062d\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0647\u0627\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u064f\u062a\u064a\u062d \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0633\u0645\u062d \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0637 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0636\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/place\/Turkmenistan\/Economy\" title=\"129|Britannica|2025\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[129]<\/a><\/sup>. \u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0645\u0631 \u0646\u0642\u0644 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0637\u060c \u064a\u0631\u0628\u0637 \u0622\u0633\u064a\u0627 \u0628\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0627\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0634\u0649 \u0645\u0639 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0633\u0647\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0648\u0631 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0632 \u0644\u0623\u064a \u0643\u062a\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/world\/asia-pacific\/turkmenistan-transport-corridor-2024\/\" title=\"130|Reuters|2024\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[130]<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p>\n<p>\u062a\u064f\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0637 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0624\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0642\u0636\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a \u0648\u0646\u0632\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u062d\u060c \u0648\u062a\u064f\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0644\u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0643\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u064a\u062f\u0629<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.un.org\/sustainabledevelopment\/countries\/turkmenistan\/\" title=\"131|UN Turkmenistan|2025\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[131]<\/a><\/sup>. \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 2020\u060c \u0623\u0642\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u064a\u0624\u0643\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u062c<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.un.org\/press\/en\/2020\/ga12213.doc.htm\" title=\"132|UN Press Release|2020\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[132]<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p>\n<p>\u062a\u064f\u0633\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0631\u0643\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u0635\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u062d\u0631 \u0642\u0632\u0648\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0632\u0632 \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0643\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0643 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0645\u0647\u0645 \u0648\u0645\u062d\u0627\u064a\u062f<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/turkmenistan\/economy\/\" title=\"133|CIA World Factbook|2026\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[133]<\/a><\/sup>. \u062a\u064f\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0634\u0642 \u0623\u0628\u0627\u062f \u0643\u0645\u0646\u0635\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0632\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0636\u0627\u0641\u062a \u0645\u062d\u0627\u062f\u062b\u0627\u062a \u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0623\u0641\u063a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0628\u0631\u0647\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0627\u0637\u0629<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.aljazeera.net\/news\/2020\/1\/15\/\u062e\u0637-\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628-\u062a\u0627\u0628\u064a-\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0646-\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629\" title=\"134|Al Jazeera|2020\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[134]<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p>\n<p>\u062a\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0641\u0626 \u0645\u0639 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u0621\u060c \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u062e\u0648\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0642\u062f \u062a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.imf.org\/en\/Countries\/TM\" title=\"135|IMF Turkmenistan|2026\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[135]<\/a><\/sup>. \u062a\u064f\u0639\u0632\u0632 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0626 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0648\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0632\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u064f\u0634\u062c\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0644 \u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u064a\u062f\u0629<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/arabic\/world-47528399\" title=\"136|BBC Arabic|2019\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[136]<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a<\/h3>\n<figure class=\"geo-img-inline\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/8\/82\/TAPI-ceremony-Serhetabat.jpg\" alt=\"\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\" loading=\"lazy\"><figcaption>\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0637 \u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0632 TAPI\u060c \u064a\u0631\u0645\u0632 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u0649 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>\u064a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u064f\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0643\u0645\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0632 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u062e\u0637\u0648\u0637 \u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0631\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/turkmenistan\/economy\/\" title=\"137|CIA World Factbook|2026\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[137]<\/a><\/sup>. \u062a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a 80% \u0645\u0646 \u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/business\/energy\/turkmenistan-china-gas-trade-2024\/\" title=\"138|Reuters|2024\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[138]<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p>\n<p>\u064a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u062e\u0637 \u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0632 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646-\u0623\u0641\u063a\u0627\u0646\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646-\u0628\u0627\u0643\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646-\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f (TAPI) \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0623\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0632\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628 \u0622\u0633\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0632\u0632 \u0623\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.aljazeera.net\/news\/2020\/1\/15\/\u062e\u0637-\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628-\u062a\u0627\u0628\u064a-\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0646-\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629\" title=\"139|Al Jazeera|2020\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[139]<\/a><\/sup>. \u062a\u0633\u0639\u0649 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u064a\u062c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0634\u062c\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0646\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.imf.org\/en\/Countries\/TM\" title=\"140|IMF Turkmenistan|2026\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[140]<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p>\n<p>\u062a\u064f\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0637 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f (\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0632\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642) \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u062c\u0633\u062a\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0622\u0633\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0627\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0648\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.worldbank.org\/en\/country\/turkmenistan\/overview\" title=\"141|World Bank Turkmenistan|2025\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[141]<\/a><\/sup>. \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 2026\u060c \u0628\u0644\u063a\u062a \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0628 25 \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0638\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 10%<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/data.worldbank.org\/indicator\/NE.EXP.GNFS.CD?locations=TM\" title=\"142|World Bank|2026\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[142]<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p>\n<p>\u062a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0631\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0646\u060c \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0627 \u0634\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064b\u0627 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062a\u0635\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0633\u0648\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/place\/Turkmenistan\/Economy\" title=\"143|Britannica|2025\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[143]<\/a><\/sup>. \u062a\u064f\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u062a\u0633\u0647\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0646\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0644\u062c\u0630\u0628 \u0631\u0624\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0628\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646\u064a\u0629<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.un.org\/sustainabledevelopment\/countries\/turkmenistan\/\" title=\"144|UN Turkmenistan|2025\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[144]<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p>\n<p>\u062a\u064f\u0639\u0632\u0632 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0648\u062a\u064f\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0642\u0636\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0631\u063a\u0628\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0639 \u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u0626\u0647\u0627<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/arabic\/world-47528399\" title=\"145|BBC Arabic|2019\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[145]<\/a><\/sup>. \u062a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0625\u0642\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0634\u0642 \u0623\u0628\u0627\u062f \u062c\u0632\u0621\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u062c\u0630\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0646\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u064f\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u064f\u0639\u0642\u062f \u0644\u0642\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/turkmenistan\/economy\/\" title=\"146|CIA World Factbook|2026\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[146]<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629<\/h3>\n<figure class=\"geo-img-inline\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/0\/0c\/Pokrovkaya_Church%2C_Mary.jpg\" alt=\"\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\" loading=\"lazy\"><figcaption>\u0643\u0646\u064a\u0633\u0629 \u0628\u0648\u0643\u0631\u0648\u0641\u0643\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062b\u0648\u0630\u0643\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u0648\u060c \u062a\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0645\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0639\u0632\u0632\u0647 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>\u062a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u064b\u0627 \u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0633\u0639\u0649 \u0644\u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0644 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0648\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.un.org\/sustainabledevelopment\/countries\/turkmenistan\/\" title=\"147|UN Turkmenistan|2025\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[147]<\/a><\/sup>. \u062a\u064f\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0631\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0641\u0646\u0648\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062c\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0642\u0649 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0635\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0632 \u0647\u0648\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0629<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/place\/Turkmenistan\/Cultural-life\" title=\"148|Britannica|2025\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[148]<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p>\n<p>\u062a\u064f\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u062d\u064b\u0627 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u064f\u0634\u062c\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c \u0644\u0627\u0643\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0628\u0631\u0627\u062a<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/world\/asia-pacific\/turkmenistan-cultural-diplomacy-2024\/\" title=\"149|Reuters|2024\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[149]<\/a><\/sup>. \u062a\u064f\u0639\u0632\u0632 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0645\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u064a\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u064a\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0646\u0627\u0626\u0633 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u062c\u062f \u062c\u0646\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0646\u0628\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/turkmenistan\/people-and-society\/\" title=\"150|CIA World Factbook|2026\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[150]<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p>\n<p>\u062a\u064f\u0642\u064a\u0645 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0648\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0623\u0648\u0632\u0628\u0643\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u064f\u0646\u0641\u0630 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u062a\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0644 \u0641\u0646\u064a \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a \u0645\u0643\u062b\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.aljazeera.net\/encyclopedia\/countries\/2014\/11\/17\/%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%83%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D8%BA%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%A7\" title=\"151|Al Jazeera|2014\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[151]<\/a><\/sup>. \u062a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u062b\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062b\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0631\u0643\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u062c\u0632\u0621\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0639\u0646 \u0643\u0646\u0648\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0639\u064a \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u064b\u0627<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nationalgeographic.com\/history\/article\/silk-road-ancient-trade-route\" title=\"152|National Geographic|2025\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[152]<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p>\n<p>\u062a\u064f\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u064f\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0636\u0631\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0632\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.un.org\/sustainabledevelopment\/countries\/turkmenistan\/\" title=\"153|UN Turkmenistan|2025\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[153]<\/a><\/sup>. \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 2026\u060c \u062a\u064f\u062e\u0637\u0637 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u062a\u0627\u062d \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0632 \u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0622\u0633\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0645\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0648\u0628<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/arabic\/world-47528399\" title=\"154|BBC Arabic|2019\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[154]<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p>\n<p>\u062a\u064f\u0639\u0632\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0643\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0622\u0633\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0649\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0633\u062a\u0636\u064a\u0641 \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u064f\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643 \u0644\u0634\u0639\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.worldbank.org\/en\/country\/turkmenistan\/overview\" title=\"155|World Bank Turkmenistan|2025\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[155]<\/a><\/sup>. \u062a\u064f\u0633\u0647\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0648\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0643\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0641\u062a\u062d\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u060c \u062a\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0631\u0627\u062b\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0646\u064a \u0648\u062a\u064f\u0642\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u060c \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u064a\u062f\u0629<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.imf.org\/en\/Countries\/TM\" title=\"156|IMF Turkmenistan|2026\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[156]<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0622\u0633\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u062d\u0631 \u0642\u0632\u0648\u064a\u0646 \u063a\u0631\u0628\u064b\u0627.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":354,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[45,47],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-355","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-45","category-47"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/cosmalore.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/355","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/cosmalore.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/cosmalore.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cosmalore.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cosmalore.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=355"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/cosmalore.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/355\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cosmalore.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/354"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/cosmalore.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=355"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cosmalore.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=355"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cosmalore.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=355"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}