{"id":3524,"date":"2026-08-20T06:17:47","date_gmt":"2026-08-20T06:17:47","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/cosmalore.com\/ar\/?p=3524"},"modified":"2026-08-21T00:00:50","modified_gmt":"2026-08-21T00:00:50","slug":"amritsar-massacre","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/cosmalore.com\/ar\/2026\/08\/20\/amritsar-massacre\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0645\u062c\u0632\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0631"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u0645\u062c\u0632\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0648\u0641\u0629 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0645\u062c\u0632\u0631\u0629 \u062c\u0627\u0644\u06cc\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u063a\u060c \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062f\u062b\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0645\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0648\u0642\u0639\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b \u0639\u0634\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1919 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0625\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u064a\u060c \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0631\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0644\u062f \u062f\u0627\u064a\u0631 \u0642\u0648\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0625\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u0625\u0646\u0630\u0627\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0634\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0622\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0632\u0651\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u062f\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u064f\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0628\u062c\u0627\u0644\u06cc\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u063a\u060c \u0645\u062e\u0644\u0641\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062a\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0644\u0641 \u0648\u062e\u0645\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0626\u0629 \u062c\u0631\u064a\u062d \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062f\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u0642\u0637. \u062c\u0627\u0621\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0632\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0636\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0627\u062d\u062a \u0625\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u062c\u0627\u062c\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0631\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0645\u062f\u062f \u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0646\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649<\/a>\u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0641\u0631\u0636 \u062f\u0627\u064a\u0631 \u062d\u0638\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629\u060c \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u0646 \u0622\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u062e\u0627\u0635\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0639\u0648\u0646 \u0642\u062f\u0645\u0648\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0639\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0633\u0627\u062e\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0648\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0628\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0638\u0631\u060c \u062a\u062c\u0645\u0639\u0648\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0643\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u062c\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0645\u0631 \u0636\u064a\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f. \u0648\u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0635\u0644 \u062f\u0627\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639\u060c \u0623\u063a\u0644\u0642 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u064a\u062f \u0648\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u062c\u0646\u0648\u062f\u0647 \u0628\u0625\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0625\u0646\u0630\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0625\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0631 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0646\u0641\u062f\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u062e\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0644\u062a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062f\u062b\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0637\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0645\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0631\u0633\u062e\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f<\/a>\u060c \u0648\u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0641\u0635\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u064a.<\/p>\n

\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0645<\/td>\n\u0645\u062c\u0632\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0631 (\u0645\u062c\u0632\u0631\u0629 \u062c\u0627\u0644\u06cc\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u063a)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e<\/td>\n13 \u0623\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0644 1919\u0645<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646<\/td>\n\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u062c\u0627\u0644\u06cc\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u063a\u060c \u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0628<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0623\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062f\u062b\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644<\/td>\n\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u064a\u062f \u0631\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0644\u062f \u062f\u0627\u064a\u0631<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0648\u062f<\/td>\n\u0646\u062d\u0648 90 \u062c\u0646\u062f\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0648\u0631\u0643\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u064a<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0634\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639<\/td>\n\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 10000 \u0634\u062e\u0635<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0625\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0631<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062a<\/td>\n\u0646\u062d\u0648 1650 \u0637\u0644\u0642\u0629[1]<\/a><\/sup><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0645\u062f\u0629 \u0625\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0631<\/td>\n\u0646\u062d\u0648 10 \u0625\u0644\u0649 15 \u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062a\u0644\u0649 (\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a)<\/td>\n379 \u0642\u062a\u064a\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0631\u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u062d\u0649<\/td>\n\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 1500 \u062c\u0631\u064a\u062d<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062a<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a<\/td>\n\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0629 \u0647\u0646\u062a\u0631\u060c 1919-1920\u0645<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642<\/td>\n\u0625\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0634<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0642<\/td>\n\u0627\u063a\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0627\u064a\u0643\u0644 \u0623\u0648\u062f\u0648\u0627\u06cc\u0631\u060c 1940\u0645<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n
COSMALORE \u00b7 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0633\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0629: \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0631\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0628<\/h2>\n

\u062c\u0627\u0621\u062a \u0645\u062c\u0632\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0646 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0645\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0627\u062d \u0625\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0628 \u0645\u0637\u0644\u0639 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1919\u060c \u0639\u0642\u0628 \u0625\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0627 \u0639\u064f\u0631\u0641 \u0628\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0631\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0645\u062f\u062f \u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0632 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0645\u0645\u0646\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649<\/a>\u060c \u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0641\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0623\u062b\u0627\u0631 \u063a\u0636\u0628\u0627\u064b \u0634\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639\u0627\u064b \u0648\u0623\u062f\u0649 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0646\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u062c\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u062f\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u062f\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0634\u0647\u062f\u062a \u0627\u0636\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0646\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0634\u0645\u0644\u062a \u0645\u0642\u062a\u0644 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0628\u0634\u0651\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u062c\u0646\u0628\u064a\u0629[2]<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0636\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u062d\u0638\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a<\/h2>\n

\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0639\u0634\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1919\u060c \u0648\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u064a\u062f \u0631\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0644\u062f \u062f\u0627\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0642\u0627\u062f\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u062c\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0647\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644\u062a\u0647 \u062d\u0634\u0648\u062f \u062a\u0647\u062a\u0641 \u0628\u0634\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0647\u0636\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0642\u060c \u0648\u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0635\u0644\u062a\u0647 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0646 \u0642\u0637\u0639 \u062e\u0637\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0628 \u0628\u0633\u0643\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f\u060c \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0646 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0637\u0648\u0627\u0631\u0626 \u062c\u0639\u0644\u062a \u0623\u064a \u062a\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u0648\u062f \u0623\u0645\u0631\u0627\u064b \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a[3]<\/a><\/sup>. \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u0646 \u062d\u0632\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0642\u062f \u062f\u0639\u0627 \u0645\u0633\u0628\u0642\u0627\u064b \u0644\u062a\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b \u0639\u0634\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0644 \u0628\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u062c\u0627\u0644\u06cc\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u063a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u062e \u0628\u0639\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0633\u0627\u062e\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a \u0648\u0630\u0643\u0631\u0649 \u0645\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062f \u0623\u062e\u0648\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0641\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0622\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0648\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0628\u0623\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0623\u064a\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u0628\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0638\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f.<\/p>\n

\u0645\u062c\u0632\u0631\u0629 \u062d\u062f\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u062c\u0627\u0644\u06cc\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u063a<\/h2>\n

\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0638\u0647\u0631 \u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b \u0639\u0634\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0644\u060c \u062a\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u0644 \u0639\u0646 \u0639\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0622\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0631\u062c\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0645\u0631\u0623\u0629 \u0648\u0637\u0641\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u062f\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u062c\u0627\u0644\u06cc\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u063a\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0633\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628\u0627\u064b \u0628\u062c\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0645\u0644\u0643 \u0633\u0648\u0649 \u0645\u0645\u0631 \u0636\u064a\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f \u0644\u0644\u062f\u062e\u0648\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u0648\u062c[4]<\/a><\/sup>. \u0648\u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0635\u0644 \u062f\u0627\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0645\u0639 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u062a\u0633\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u062c\u0646\u062f\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0648\u0631\u0643\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u064a\u060c \u062a\u0639\u0630\u0631 \u062f\u062e\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0631\u0628\u062a\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0641\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u064a\u0642\u060c \u0641\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u062c\u0646\u0648\u062f\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0645\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u064a\u062f\u060c \u0648\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u062a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647 \u0623\u064a \u0625\u0646\u0630\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0633\u0628\u0642 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0634\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u060c \u0623\u0645\u0631 \u062e\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u062c\u0646\u062f\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0625\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0625\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0635\u0627\u0635 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0639\u0634\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062e\u0645\u0633 \u0639\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0623\u064f\u0637\u0644\u0642 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0623\u0644\u0641 \u0648\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0626\u0629 \u0648\u062e\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0637\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0634\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0630\u0639\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u062c\u062f\u0648\u0649\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u062f\u064f\u0647\u0633 \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0632\u062d\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0631\u0628 \u0623\u0648 \u063a\u0631\u0642\u0648\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0626\u0631 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0642\u0641\u0632\u0648\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0635\u0627\u0635. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0631\u0641 \u062f\u0627\u064a\u0631 \u0644\u0627\u062d\u0642\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0623\u0646 \u0625\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0631 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0633\u064a\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0644\u0648 \u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631\u062a \u0630\u062e\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0628\u0631\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0641\u0639\u0644\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0625\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b “\u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0639\u0646\u0648\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642” \u064a\u0631\u062f\u0639 \u0623\u064a \u0627\u062d\u062a\u062c\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n

\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0629 \u0647\u0646\u062a\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u064a\u0631<\/h2>\n

\u0623\u0645\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f \u0628\u0641\u062a\u062d \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062f\u062b\u0629 \u0639\u064f\u0631\u0641 \u0628\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0629 \u0647\u0646\u062a\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1920 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u062a\u0635\u0631\u0641\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0627\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0625\u0635\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0625\u062c\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0634\u060c \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a \u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0628\u0641\u062f\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u064f\u0643\u0628 \u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0628\u062a\u0647 \u062c\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644[5]<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0642\u0633\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0623\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a<\/h2>\n

\u0627\u0646\u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0623\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u0627 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0641\u0639\u0644 \u062f\u0627\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0646\u0642\u0633\u0627\u0645\u0627\u064b \u062d\u0627\u062f\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0641\u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u062a\u0635\u0631\u0641\u0627\u062a\u0647\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u0648\u0646\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0646 \u062a\u0634\u0631\u0634\u0644<\/a> \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0622\u0646\u0630\u0627\u0643 \u0648\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628\u060c \u0641\u064a \u062e\u0637\u0627\u0628 \u0623\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647 \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0648\u0645 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1920\u060c \u0623\u0634\u0627\u062f \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u0631\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u064a\u0636 \u0645\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0628\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0645\u0646\u062d\u0647 \u0633\u064a\u0641\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646\u0642\u0648\u0634\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0644\u0642\u0628 “\u0645\u0646\u0642\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0628”\u060c \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0623\u0646\u0635\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u062a\u0628\u0631\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0633\u062e\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u0639\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0647\u060c \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0646\u0639\u0643\u0627\u0633 \u0635\u0627\u0631\u062e \u0644\u0639\u0645\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0642\u0633\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062e\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0647 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062f\u062b\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647[6]<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p>\n

\u0627\u063a\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u0648\u062f\u0648\u0627\u06cc\u0631 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0627\u0645 1940<\/h2>\n

\u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0643\u062a\u0641\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0632\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0625\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0635\u0628\u0647\u060c \u0625\u0630 \u0638\u0644\u062a \u0630\u0643\u0631\u0627\u0647\u0627 \u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0639\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0644\u0627\u062d\u0642\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062c\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 1940 \u0627\u063a\u062a\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u062e\u064a \u0623\u0648\u062f\u0647\u0627\u0645 \u0633\u064a\u0646\u063a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0642\u062f \u0623\u064f\u0635\u064a\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0632\u0631\u0629 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0628 \u0645\u0627\u064a\u0643\u0644 \u0623\u0648\u062f\u0648\u0627\u06cc\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0644\u0646\u062f\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u0641\u0636\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0632\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0644\u064a\u064f\u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0644\u0627\u062d\u0642\u0627\u064b \u0634\u0646\u0642\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u062b\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0645\u0629[7]<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u064a<\/h2>\n

\u0645\u062b\u0651\u0644\u062a \u0645\u062c\u0632\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u062d\u0627\u0633\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u064a\u060c \u0625\u0630 \u0628\u062f\u0651\u062f\u062a \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0646\u0647\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0623\u064a \u0623\u0648\u0647\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u062a\u0628\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0634\u0631\u064a\u062d\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u0648\u062f \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u062c\u064a \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0648\u062f\u0641\u0639\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u062a\u0645\u0627 \u063a\u0627\u0646\u062f\u064a \u0648\u062d\u0632\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u064a \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u062a\u0628\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u062d\u0632\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0632\u0631\u0629 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647 \u0644\u0627\u062d\u0642\u0627\u064b \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0635\u0628 \u062a\u0630\u0643\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a \u064a\u0636\u0645 \u0645\u062a\u062d\u0641\u0627\u064b \u0648\u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0645\u062d\u0641\u0648\u0638\u0629 \u0644\u0637\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0635\u0627\u0635 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0628\u0626\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0644\u064a\u0638\u0644 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0631\u0645\u0632\u0627\u064b \u062d\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0630\u0627\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0636\u0627\u0644 \u0636\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0634\u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u0645\u0630\u0628\u062d\u0629 \u062c\u0627\u0644\u06cc\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u063a \u0639\u0627\u0645 1919<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":3532,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[2],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-3524","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-history"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/cosmalore.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3524","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/cosmalore.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/cosmalore.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cosmalore.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cosmalore.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3524"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/cosmalore.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3524\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3578,"href":"https:\/\/cosmalore.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3524\/revisions\/3578"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cosmalore.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/3532"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/cosmalore.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3524"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cosmalore.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3524"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cosmalore.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3524"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}