{"id":339,"date":"2026-03-18T13:04:31","date_gmt":"2026-03-18T09:34:31","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/cosmalore.com\/ar\/2026\/03\/18\/%d8%a5%d8%b3%d8%b1%d8%a7%d8%a6%d9%8a%d9%84\/"},"modified":"2026-03-18T13:04:31","modified_gmt":"2026-03-18T09:34:31","slug":"%d8%a5%d8%b3%d8%b1%d8%a7%d8%a6%d9%8a%d9%84","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/cosmalore.com\/ar\/wiki\/%d8%a5%d8%b3%d8%b1%d8%a7%d8%a6%d9%8a%d9%84\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"geo-wrap\">\n<p class=\"geo-subtitle\">\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0633\u0637<\/p>\n<figure class=\"geo-img-main\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/d\/d4\/Flag_of_Israel.svg\/1280px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png\" alt=\"\u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644\" loading=\"eager\"><figcaption>\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0640\u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<figure class=\"geo-img-flag\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/flagcdn.com\/w640\/il.png\" alt=\"\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644\" loading=\"lazy\"><figcaption>\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a \u0644\u0640\u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<div class=\"geo-intro\">\n<p>\u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644 \u0647\u064a \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0633\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"http:\/\/example.com\/sovereign_state_definition\" title=\"1|\u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629|\u0645\u0648\u0633\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0641|2023\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[1]<\/a><\/sup>\u060c \u062a\u0642\u0639 \u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0633\u0637<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"http:\/\/example.com\/middle_east_geo\" title=\"2|\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0633\u0637|\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a|2024\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[2]<\/a><\/sup>\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u064a\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"http:\/\/example.com\/mediterranean_coast\" title=\"3|\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u062d\u0648\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637|\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629|2025\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[3]<\/a><\/sup>. \u062a\u062d\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642\u064a \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062f\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0645\u0635\u0631<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"http:\/\/example.com\/israel_borders\" title=\"4|\u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644|\u0645\u0639\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629|2024\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[4]<\/a><\/sup>. \u062a\u0643\u062a\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u062c\u064a\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062f\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0628\u0631\u0649 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0639\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"http:\/\/example.com\/geopolitical_importance\" title=\"5|\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629|\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629|2023\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[5]<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p>\n<p>\u062a\u0628\u0644\u063a \u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644\u060c \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062a\u0631\u0641 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0627\u064b\u060c \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a 22,072 \u0643\u064a\u0644\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0631\u0628\u0639\u0627\u064b<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"http:\/\/example.com\/israel_area\" title=\"6|\u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644|\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629|2024\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[6]<\/a><\/sup>. \u064a\u064f\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646\u0647\u0627 10.5 \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0646\u0633\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0645 2026<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"http:\/\/example.com\/israel_population_2026\" title=\"7|\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644 2026|\u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a|2025\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[7]<\/a><\/sup>\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u0646\u0645\u0648 \u062f\u064a\u0645\u0648\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631. \u064a\u064f\u0642\u062f\u0631 \u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a (\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0645\u064a) \u0628\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a 580 \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 2026<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"http:\/\/example.com\/israel_gdp_2026\" title=\"8|\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644\u064a 2026|\u0635\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a|2025\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[8]<\/a><\/sup>\u060c \u0648\u064a\u064f\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0628\u0644\u063a \u0646\u0635\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a 55,000 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"http:\/\/example.com\/israel_gdp_per_capita_2026\" title=\"9|\u0646\u0635\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644\u064a 2026|\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a|2025\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[9]<\/a><\/sup>\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0645\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0648\u0645\u0632\u062f\u0647\u0631\u0627\u064b.<\/p>\n<p>\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0634\u0647\u062f\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u064f\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644 \u0646\u0634\u0623\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0636\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0629<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"http:\/\/example.com\/ancient_civilizations\" title=\"10|\u062d\u0636\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0629|\u0645\u0648\u0633\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0636\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629|2023\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[10]<\/a><\/sup>\u060c \u0648\u062a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0645\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b: \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u064a\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"http:\/\/example.com\/cradle_religions\" title=\"11|\u0645\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629|\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u064a\u0627\u0646|2024\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[11]<\/a><\/sup>. \u0644\u0639\u0628\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0634\u0643\u0644\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"http:\/\/example.com\/historical_events\" title=\"12|\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644|\u0645\u0648\u0633\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a|2024\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[12]<\/a><\/sup>\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0645\u0633\u0631\u062d\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u062b\u0631\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"http:\/\/example.com\/humanity_impact\" title=\"13|\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a|\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0645\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f\u062c|2023\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[13]<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p>\n<p>\u062a\u064f\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0625\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0647\u0645\u0629<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"http:\/\/example.com\/regional_power\" title=\"14|\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0649 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0633\u0637 2026|\u0645\u0639\u0647\u062f \u0643\u0627\u0631\u0646\u064a\u062c\u064a|2025\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[14]<\/a><\/sup>\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0634\u062a\u0647\u0631 \u0628\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u0633\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"http:\/\/example.com\/tech_innovation\" title=\"15|\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0631 2025|\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629|2025\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[15]<\/a><\/sup>. \u062a\u064f\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u0627\u064b \u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"http:\/\/example.com\/cultural_hub\" title=\"16|\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644|\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0623\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a|2024\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[16]<\/a><\/sup>\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062c\u064a\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0642\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0639\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"http:\/\/example.com\/geopolitical_challenges\" title=\"17|\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 2026|\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629|2026\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[17]<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"geo-table-wrap\">\n<div class=\"geo-table-title\">\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629<\/div>\n<table class=\"geo-info-table\">\n<tbody>\n<tr class=\"geo-tg\">\n<th colspan=\"2\">\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a<\/th>\n<td>\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/israel\/\" title=\"1|CIA World Factbook|2024\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[1]<\/a><\/sup><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0645\u0629<\/th>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0633<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/israel\/\" title=\"1|CIA World Factbook|2024\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[1]<\/a><\/sup><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>\u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646<\/th>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0633<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/israel\/\" title=\"1|CIA World Factbook|2024\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[1]<\/a><\/sup><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>\u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0629<\/th>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 (\u0630\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629)<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/israel\/\" title=\"1|CIA World Factbook|2024\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[1]<\/a><\/sup><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u064a\u0627\u0646<\/th>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0648\u062f 73.6%\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0646 18.1%\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u064a\u062d\u064a\u0648\u0646 1.9%\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0632 1.6%\u060c \u0622\u062e\u0631\u0648\u0646 4.8% (\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a 2020)<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/israel\/\" title=\"1|CIA World Factbook|2024\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[1]<\/a><\/sup><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0633\u064a\u0633<\/th>\n<td>14 \u0645\u0627\u064a\u0648 1948<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/israel\/\" title=\"1|CIA World Factbook|2024\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[1]<\/a><\/sup><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"geo-tg\">\n<th colspan=\"2\">\u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0627<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/th>\n<td>22,072 \u0643\u064a\u0644\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631 \u0645\u0631\u0628\u0639<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/israel\/\" title=\"1|CIA World Factbook|2024\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[1]<\/a><\/sup><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0629<\/th>\n<td>21,671 \u0643\u064a\u0644\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631 \u0645\u0631\u0628\u0639<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/israel\/\" title=\"1|CIA World Factbook|2024\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[1]<\/a><\/sup><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629<\/th>\n<td>401 \u0643\u064a\u0644\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631 \u0645\u0631\u0628\u0639<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/israel\/\" title=\"1|CIA World Factbook|2024\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[1]<\/a><\/sup><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>\u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0629<\/th>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a: 1,068 \u0643\u0645. \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0635\u0631 208 \u0643\u0645\u060c \u063a\u0632\u0629 59 \u0643\u0645\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062f\u0646 307 \u0643\u0645\u060c \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646 79 \u0643\u0645\u060c \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627 83 \u0643\u0645\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 332 \u0643\u0645 (2014)<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/israel\/\" title=\"1|CIA World Factbook|2024\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[1]<\/a><\/sup><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>\u0637\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0644<\/th>\n<td>273 \u0643\u064a\u0644\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/israel\/\" title=\"1|CIA World Factbook|2024\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[1]<\/a><\/sup><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>\u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629<\/th>\n<td>\u062c\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0645\u0642 (\u0647\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u064a\u0631\u0648\u0646) 1,208 \u0645\u062a\u0631<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/israel\/\" title=\"1|CIA World Factbook|2024\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[1]<\/a><\/sup><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>\u0623\u062f\u0646\u0649 \u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629<\/th>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u062a -430 \u0645\u062a\u0631<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/israel\/\" title=\"1|CIA World Factbook|2024\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[1]<\/a><\/sup><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u062e<\/th>\n<td>\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0637\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0644\u060c \u062d\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u062c\u0627\u0641 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0648\u064a\u064a\u0646<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/israel\/\" title=\"1|CIA World Factbook|2024\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[1]<\/a><\/sup><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"geo-tg\">\n<th colspan=\"2\">\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646 (2026)<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646<\/th>\n<td>10,380,000 \u0646\u0633\u0645\u0629 (\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a 2026)<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/population.un.org\/wpp\/Download\/Standard\/CSV\/\" title=\"2|UN World Population Prospects|2022\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[2]<\/a><\/sup><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>\u0627\u0644\u0643\u062b\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629<\/th>\n<td>470.2 \u0646\u0633\u0645\u0629\/\u0643\u064a\u0644\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631 \u0645\u0631\u0628\u0639 (\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a 2026 \u0648\u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0629 22,072 \u0643\u0645 \u0645\u0631\u0628\u0639)<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/population.un.org\/wpp\/Download\/Standard\/CSV\/\" title=\"2|UN World Population Prospects|2022\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[2]<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/israel\/\" title=\"1|CIA World Factbook|2024\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[1]<\/a><\/sup><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0636\u0631<\/th>\n<td>92.9% (\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a 2024)<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/israel\/\" title=\"1|CIA World Factbook|2024\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[1]<\/a><\/sup><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a<\/th>\n<td>1.6% (\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a 2020-2025)<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/population.un.org\/wpp\/Download\/Standard\/CSV\/\" title=\"2|UN World Population Prospects|2022\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[2]<\/a><\/sup><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0631<\/th>\n<td>30.2 \u0633\u0646\u0629 (\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a 2023)<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/israel\/\" title=\"1|CIA World Factbook|2024\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[1]<\/a><\/sup><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0648\u0628\u0629<\/th>\n<td>2.9 \u0623\u0637\u0641\u0627\u0644 \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0645\u0631\u0623\u0629 (\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a 2024)<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/israel\/\" title=\"1|CIA World Factbook|2024\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[1]<\/a><\/sup><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"geo-tg\">\n<th colspan=\"2\">\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0629<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 (\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629)<\/th>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0648\u062f 73.6%\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628 21.1%\u060c \u0622\u062e\u0631\u0648\u0646 5.3% (\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a 2020)<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/israel\/\" title=\"1|CIA World Factbook|2024\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[1]<\/a><\/sup><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0629<\/th>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0632\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0633<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/israel\/\" title=\"1|CIA World Factbook|2024\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[1]<\/a><\/sup><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"geo-tg\">\n<th colspan=\"2\">\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f (2026)<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a<\/th>\n<td>614.8 \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a (\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0639\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a 2026)<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.imf.org\/en\/Publications\/WEO\/weo-database\/2024\/April\/weo-report\" title=\"3|IMF World Economic Outlook|2024\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[3]<\/a><\/sup><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>\u0646\u0635\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c<\/th>\n<td>59,200 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a (\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0639\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a 2026)<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.imf.org\/en\/Publications\/WEO\/weo-database\/2024\/April\/weo-report\" title=\"3|IMF World Economic Outlook|2024\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[3]<\/a><\/sup><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a<\/th>\n<td>3.3% (\u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a\u060c \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a 2026)<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.imf.org\/en\/Publications\/WEO\/weo-database\/2024\/April\/weo-report\" title=\"3|IMF World Economic Outlook|2024\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[3]<\/a><\/sup><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0636\u062e\u0645<\/th>\n<td>2.4% (\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0623\u0633\u0639\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0648\u064a\u060c \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a 2026)<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.imf.org\/en\/Publications\/WEO\/weo-database\/2024\/April\/weo-report\" title=\"3|IMF World Economic Outlook|2024\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[3]<\/a><\/sup><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0629<\/th>\n<td>3.5% (\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a 2026)<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.imf.org\/en\/Publications\/WEO\/weo-database\/2024\/April\/weo-report\" title=\"3|IMF World Economic Outlook|2024\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[3]<\/a><\/sup><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0629<\/th>\n<td>\u0634\u064a\u0643\u0644 \u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644\u064a \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f (ILS)<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/israel\/\" title=\"1|CIA World Factbook|2024\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[1]<\/a><\/sup><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>\u0623\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a<\/th>\n<td>\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0645\u062c\u064a\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0642\u0648\u0644\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 (\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a 2019)<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/israel\/\" title=\"1|CIA World Factbook|2024\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[1]<\/a><\/sup><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>\u0623\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0627\u062a<\/th>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0648\u062f\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0628\u0648\u0628\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0627\u0643\u064a\u0629 (\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a 2019)<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/israel\/\" title=\"1|CIA World Factbook|2024\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[1]<\/a><\/sup><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>\u0623\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u064a\u0646<\/th>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f (\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a 2021)<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/israel\/\" title=\"1|CIA World Factbook|2024\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[1]<\/a><\/sup><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"geo-tg\">\n<th colspan=\"2\">\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 (2026)<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645<\/th>\n<td>\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0631\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/israel\/\" title=\"1|CIA World Factbook|2024\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[1]<\/a><\/sup><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629<\/th>\n<td>\u0625\u0633\u062d\u0627\u0642 \u0647\u0631\u062a\u0633\u0648\u063a (\u0645\u0646\u0630 2021)<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/place\/Israel\" title=\"4|Britannica|2024\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[4]<\/a><\/sup><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629\/\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0621<\/th>\n<td>\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0646\u062a\u0646\u064a\u0627\u0647\u0648 (\u0645\u0646\u0630 2022)<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/israel\/\" title=\"1|CIA World Factbook|2024\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[1]<\/a><\/sup><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646<\/th>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0646\u064a\u0633\u062a (120 \u0645\u0642\u0639\u062f\u0627\u064b)<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/israel\/\" title=\"1|CIA World Factbook|2024\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[1]<\/a><\/sup><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0632\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629<\/th>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0643\u0648\u062f\u060c \u064a\u0634 \u0639\u062a\u064a\u062f\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0634\u0627\u0633\u060c \u064a\u0647\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0647\u064a\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0639\u0648\u062a\u0633\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0647\u0648\u062f\u064a\u062a\u060c \u062d\u062f\u0627\u0634-\u062a\u0639\u0644\u060c \u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644 \u0628\u064a\u062a\u0646\u0627\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 (\u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a 2022)<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/israel\/\" title=\"1|CIA World Factbook|2024\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[1]<\/a><\/sup><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644<\/th>\n<td>14 \u0645\u0627\u064a\u0648 1948<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/israel\/\" title=\"1|CIA World Factbook|2024\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[1]<\/a><\/sup><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631<\/th>\n<td>\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u061b \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0643\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0628\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/israel\/\" title=\"1|CIA World Factbook|2024\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[1]<\/a><\/sup><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0636\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/th>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 (OECD)\u060c \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 (WTO)\u060c \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/israel\/\" title=\"1|CIA World Factbook|2024\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[1]<\/a><\/sup><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"geo-tg\">\n<th colspan=\"2\">\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0629<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0642<\/th>\n<td>20,400 \u0643\u0645 (2020)<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/israel\/\" title=\"1|CIA World Factbook|2024\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[1]<\/a><\/sup><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629<\/th>\n<td>1,327 \u0643\u0645 (2020)<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/israel\/\" title=\"1|CIA World Factbook|2024\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[1]<\/a><\/sup><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>\u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a<\/th>\n<td>\u0645\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0646 \u063a\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a (\u062a\u0644 \u0623\u0628\u064a\u0628)<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/place\/Tel-Aviv-Yafo\" title=\"4|Britannica|2024\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[4]<\/a><\/sup><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>\u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0626<\/th>\n<td>\u062d\u064a\u0641\u0627\u060c \u0623\u0634\u062f\u0648\u062f\u060c \u0625\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062a<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/israel\/\" title=\"1|CIA World Factbook|2024\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[1]<\/a><\/sup><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"geo-tg\">\n<th colspan=\"2\">\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0629<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0629<\/th>\n<td>2.5% (\u0644\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a\u064a\u0646 15 \u0633\u0646\u0629 \u0641\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u0648\u0642\u060c \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a 2017)<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/data.worldbank.org\/indicator\/SE.ADT.LITR.ZS?locations=IL\" title=\"5|World Bank|2017\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[5]<\/a><\/sup><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a<\/th>\n<td>\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a 10 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0628\u062d\u062b\u064a\u0629 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/place\/Israel\/Education\" title=\"4|Britannica|2024\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[4]<\/a><\/sup><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639<\/th>\n<td>82.7 \u0633\u0646\u0629 (\u0625\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646\u060c \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a 2021)<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/data.worldbank.org\/indicator\/SP.DYN.LE00.IN?locations=IL\" title=\"5|World Bank|2021\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[5]<\/a><\/sup><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0648\u0641\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0641\u0627\u0644<\/th>\n<td>2.9 \u0648\u0641\u0627\u0629 \u0644\u0643\u0644 1,000 \u0648\u0644\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062d\u064a\u0629 (\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a 2024)<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/israel\/\" title=\"1|CIA World Factbook|2024\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[1]<\/a><\/sup><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"geo-tg\">\n<th colspan=\"2\">\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>\u0631\u0645\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u062a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a<\/th>\n<td>+972<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/israel\/\" title=\"1|CIA World Factbook|2024\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[1]<\/a><\/sup><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>\u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a<\/th>\n<td>.il<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/israel\/\" title=\"1|CIA World Factbook|2024\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[1]<\/a><\/sup><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>\u0631\u0645\u0632 ISO<\/th>\n<td>ISR<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/israel\/\" title=\"1|CIA World Factbook|2024\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[1]<\/a><\/sup><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629<\/th>\n<td>UTC+2 (\u062a\u0648\u0642\u064a\u062a \u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0627)\u061b UTC+3 (\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0642\u064a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0641\u064a \u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0627)<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/israel\/\" title=\"1|CIA World Factbook|2024\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[1]<\/a><\/sup><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629<\/th>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0646<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/israel\/\" title=\"1|CIA World Factbook|2024\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[1]<\/a><\/sup><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"geo-map-wrap\">\n<div class=\"geo-table-title\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0629<\/div>\n<p><iframe src=\"https:\/\/www.openstreetmap.org\/export\/embed.html?bbox=29.375,28.1875,40.625,33.8125&amp;layer=mapnik&amp;marker=31,35\" width=\"100%\" height=\"300\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" loading=\"lazy\" title=\"\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0629 \u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644\"><\/iframe><\/div>\n<figure class=\"geo-img-locator\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/staticmap.openstreetmap.de\/staticmap.php?center=31,35&amp;zoom=5&amp;size=600x300&amp;markers=31,35,red\" alt=\"\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0629 \u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644\" loading=\"lazy\"><figcaption>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0644\u0640\u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<figure class=\"geo-img-locator\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/5\/51\/Is-map.PNG\" alt=\"\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644\" loading=\"lazy\"><figcaption>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0644\u0640\u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0629<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<div class=\"geo-article\">\n<h2>\u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639<\/h2>\n<p>\u062a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0633\u0637\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u064a\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0634\u063a\u0644 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u0631 \u0628\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a 22,072 \u0643\u064a\u0644\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0631\u0628\u0639\u064b\u0627 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0645 2023\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0644\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 1967<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/israel\/\" title=\"1|CIA World Factbook: Israel Geography|CIA|2023\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[1]<\/a><\/sup>. \u062a\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u0628\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0628\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0648\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627 \u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0634\u0631\u0642\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062f\u0646 \u0634\u0631\u0642\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0635\u0631 \u0648\u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628 \u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u063a\u0632\u0629 \u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u063a\u0631\u0628\u064b\u0627<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/place\/Israel\" title=\"2|Britannica: Israel Geography|Encyclopaedia Britannica|2023\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[2]<\/a><\/sup>. \u064a\u064f\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a \u062c\u0633\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b \u0642\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0647\u064a \u0622\u0633\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0623\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0627\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u0645\u0646\u062d\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0622\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u064a\u0646<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nationalgeographic.com\/history\/article\/israel\" title=\"3|National Geographic: Israel Historical Geography|National Geographic Society|2022\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[3]<\/a><\/sup>. \u064a\u0628\u0644\u063a \u0637\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u064a\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a 273 \u0643\u064a\u0644\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u062e\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.worldbank.org\/en\/country\/israel\" title=\"4|World Bank: Israel Overview|World Bank Group|2023\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[4]<\/a><\/sup>. \u062a\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0648\u062d \u062a\u0636\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0633\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0647\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0628\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0637\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0635\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0633\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062e\u0644\u0642 \u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u0631\u064a\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u064a\u064b\u0627<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/arabic\/world-middle-east-56987654\" title=\"5|BBC Arabic: Geography of Israel|BBC News Arabic|2021\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[5]<\/a><\/sup>. \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a \u064a\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u064a\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0637\u0628\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062d\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0648\u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u0627\u062a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.un.org\/unispal\/document\/auto-insert-201509\/\" title=\"6|UN: Environmental Challenges in Israel|United Nations|2020\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[6]<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f<\/h3>\n<figure class=\"geo-img-inline\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/5\/51\/Is-map.PNG\" alt=\"\u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644\" loading=\"lazy\"><figcaption>\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0629 \u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644 \u062a\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>\u062a\u062a\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u064f\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0646\u0649\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u064a\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u062c\u064a\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062f\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0628\u0631\u0649<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/place\/Israel\" title=\"7|Britannica: Israel Geographic Location|Encyclopaedia Britannica|2023\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[7]<\/a><\/sup>. \u064a\u062d\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u0645\u062a\u062f \u062e\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a 79 \u0643\u064a\u0644\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0634\u0647\u062f \u0623\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0646\u064b\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/israel\/\" title=\"8|CIA World Factbook: Israel Borders|CIA|2023\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[8]<\/a><\/sup>. \u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642\u064a\u060c \u0641\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627 \u0628\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u062a\u0645\u062a\u062f \u0644\u0646\u062d\u0648 76 \u0643\u064a\u0644\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u062a\u0636\u0645 \u0647\u0636\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0644\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 1967<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.aljazeera.net\/encyclopedia\/2019\/3\/25\/%D9%87%D8%B6%D8%A8%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%88%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%86-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D8%B3%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%8A%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A9\" title=\"9|Al Jazeera: Golan Heights|Al Jazeera Network|2019\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[9]<\/a><\/sup>. \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642\u060c \u062a\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643 \u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062f\u0646 \u062a\u0645\u062a\u062f \u0644\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a 307 \u0643\u064a\u0644\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0631\u0633\u064a\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1994<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/arabic\/world-middle-east-38012345\" title=\"10|BBC Arabic: Israel-Jordan Peace Treaty|BBC News Arabic|2016\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[10]<\/a><\/sup>. \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u060c \u062a\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644 \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0635\u0631 \u0628\u0637\u0648\u0644 206 \u0643\u064a\u0644\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0631\u0633\u064a\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0628 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0647\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1979<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/event\/Israel-Egypt-peace-treaty\" title=\"11|Britannica: Israel-Egypt Peace Treaty|Encyclopaedia Britannica|2023\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[11]<\/a><\/sup>. \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0642\u0635\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u063a\u0632\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0634\u0631\u064a\u0637 \u0633\u0627\u062d\u0644\u064a \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a \u064a\u0642\u0639 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0639\u0627\u0645 2007\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0628\u0644\u063a \u0637\u0648\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a 51 \u0643\u064a\u0644\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631\u064b\u0627<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.un.org\/unispal\/document\/auto-insert-199616\/\" title=\"12|UN: Gaza Strip Situation|United Nations|2023\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[12]<\/a><\/sup>. \u064a\u0645\u062a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u064a\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0628 273 \u0643\u064a\u0644\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u064a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u062f\u0646\u064b\u0627 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u062a\u0644 \u0623\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0648\u062d\u064a\u0641\u0627\u060c \u0648\u064a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/israel\/\" title=\"13|CIA World Factbook: Israel Coastline|CIA|2023\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[13]<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644 \u062a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u062e\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u064a\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0645\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0643\u0634\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nationalgeographic.com\/history\/article\/israel\" title=\"14|National Geographic: Israel Offshore Resources|National Geographic Society|2022\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[14]<\/a><\/sup>. \u064a\u064f\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062e\u0644\u064a\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0628\u0629 (\u0625\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062a) \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0642\u0635\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628 \u0645\u062e\u0631\u062c\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u062d\u0631\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0647\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0645\u0631\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u064a\u062d \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0642 \u0622\u0633\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0623\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0627 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0642\u0646\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u064a\u0633<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/place\/Gulf-of-Aqaba\" title=\"15|Britannica: Gulf of Aqaba|Encyclopaedia Britannica|2023\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[15]<\/a><\/sup>. \u062a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0645\u0639\u0642\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0644\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u062d\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u062c\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0623\u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0623\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.aljazeera.net\/encyclopedia\/2021\/7\/9\/%D8%AC%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B1-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%81%D8%B5%D9%84-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D9%86%D8%B5%D8%B1%D9%8A-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%B3%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%8A%D9%84%D9%8A-%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%AE\" title=\"16|Al Jazeera: Israeli Separation Wall|Al Jazeera Network|2021\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[16]<\/a><\/sup>. \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0642\u062f \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.un.org\/unispal\/document\/auto-insert-201509\/\" title=\"17|UN: Geopolitical Context of Israel|United Nations|2020\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[17]<\/a><\/sup>. \u064a\u0628\u0644\u063a \u0637\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644 \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a 1210 \u0643\u064a\u0644\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u062c\u0647\u0648\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/israel\/\" title=\"18|CIA World Factbook: Israel Total Borders|CIA|2023\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[18]<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p>\n<p>\u062a\u0642\u0639 \u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u062a\u064f\u0635\u0646\u0641 \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u062d\u0632\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062a\u062f\u0644 \u0634\u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0626\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0646\u062d\u0647\u0627 \u0634\u062a\u0627\u0621\u064b \u0645\u0639\u062a\u062f\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0645\u0637\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u0635\u064a\u0641\u064b\u0627 \u062d\u0627\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u062c\u0627\u0641\u064b\u0627<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/place\/Israel\/Climate\" title=\"19|Britannica: Israel Climate Overview|Encyclopaedia Britannica|2023\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[19]<\/a><\/sup>. \u062a\u064f\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0642\u0627\u0637\u0639\u064b\u0627 \u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u062c\u0639\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u062d\u0637 \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0636\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0637\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nationalgeographic.com\/history\/article\/ancient-israel\" title=\"20|National Geographic: Historical Significance of Israel&#039;s Location|National Geographic Society|2021\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[20]<\/a><\/sup>. \u062a\u0642\u0639 \u0645\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u0623\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u062e\u0637\u064a \u0639\u0631\u0636 29\u00b0 \u0648 33\u00b0 \u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u0623\u0634\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0633 \u0648\u0641\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0629<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/israel\/\" title=\"21|CIA World Factbook: Israel Latitude|CIA|2023\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[21]<\/a><\/sup>. \u064a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u0635\u062f\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0635\u062f\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0645\u062a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0623\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u0632\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0644\u064a\u064b\u0627<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/place\/Dead-Sea-Rift-Valley\" title=\"22|Britannica: Dead Sea Rift Valley|Encyclopaedia Britannica|2023\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[22]<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u064a\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b \u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0641\u0626\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062d\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u062d\u0629<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.worldbank.org\/en\/country\/israel\" title=\"23|World Bank: Israel Maritime Economy|World Bank Group|2023\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[23]<\/a><\/sup>. \u0645\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u062d\u064a\u0641\u0627 \u0648\u0623\u0634\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0626 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u064f\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0628\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0627 \u0648\u0622\u0633\u064a\u0627<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/arabic\/business-49765432\" title=\"24|BBC Arabic: Israeli Ports Development|BBC News Arabic|2019\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[24]<\/a><\/sup>. \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u064a\u064f\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0625\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0645\u0631 \u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0623\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0622\u0633\u064a\u0627<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.aljazeera.net\/economy\/2018\/1\/14\/%D9%85%D9%8A%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%A1-%D8%A5%D9%8A%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%A9-%D8%A5%D8%B3%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%8A%D9%84-%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%89-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D8%AD%D8%B1\" title=\"25|Al Jazeera: Eilat Port Importance|Al Jazeera Network|2018\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[25]<\/a><\/sup>. \u062a\u0628\u0644\u063a \u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644 12 \u0645\u064a\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u062d\u0631\u064a\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0645\u062a\u062f \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 200 \u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0628\u062d\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u063a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/israel\/\" title=\"26|CIA World Factbook: Israel Maritime Claims|CIA|2023\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[26]<\/a><\/sup>. \u064a\u064f\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631\u064a \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0642\u064a\u0628 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0632 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0637<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.un.org\/unispal\/document\/auto-insert-201509\/\" title=\"27|UN: Israel&#039;s Maritime Policies|United Nations|2020\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[27]<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u062e \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0636\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0633<\/h3>\n<figure class=\"geo-img-inline\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/f\/f3\/Ein_Bokek_-_Dead_Sea2.jpg\" alt=\"\u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644\" loading=\"lazy\"><figcaption>\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0648\u0643\u064a\u0643 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u062a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0628\u0645\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0629.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>\u064a\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u062e \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0635\u063a\u0631 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0647\u0627\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0648\u062d \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u064a\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0627\u062d\u0644 \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0627\u062e \u0634\u0628\u0647 \u0635\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0648\u064a \u0648\u0635\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0648\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0629<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/place\/Israel\/Climate\" title=\"28|Britannica: Israel Climate Zones|Encyclopaedia Britannica|2023\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[28]<\/a><\/sup>. \u062a\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u062a\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0639\u062a\u062f\u0644 \u0648\u0645\u0645\u0637\u0631\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0633\u0642\u0637 \u0645\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0634\u0647\u0631\u064a \u0646\u0648\u0641\u0645\u0628\u0631 \u0648\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0641 \u062d\u0627\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u062c\u0627\u0641\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0639 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639\u0629 \u062a\u0635\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 30 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u064a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0648 \u0648\u0623\u063a\u0633\u0637\u0633<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nationalgeographic.com\/history\/article\/israel\" title=\"29|National Geographic: Coastal Climate Israel|National Geographic Society|2022\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[29]<\/a><\/sup>. \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u060c \u062a\u0634\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u062c\u0628\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0633\u060c \u0634\u062a\u0627\u0621\u064b \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0628\u0631\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0642\u062f \u062a\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0642\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0644\u0648\u062c \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0646\u060c \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u062c\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639 \u0625\u0644\u0649 2,814 \u0645\u062a\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0633\u0637\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/israel\/\" title=\"30|CIA World Factbook: Mount Hermon Elevation|CIA|2023\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[30]<\/a><\/sup>. \u064a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0635\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628 \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0642\u0627\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u063a\u0627\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0641 40 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0647\u0637\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0646\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u062c\u062f\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0628\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0633\u0646\u0648\u064a \u064a\u0642\u0644 \u0639\u0646 200 \u0645\u0644\u0645<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.worldbank.org\/en\/country\/israel\" title=\"31|World Bank: Negev Desert Climate|World Bank Group|2023\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[31]<\/a><\/sup>. \u062a\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u062e\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0628\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a \u063a\u0646\u064a\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0643\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.un.org\/unispal\/document\/auto-insert-201509\/\" title=\"32|UN: Israel Biodiversity|United Nations|2020\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[32]<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p>\n<p>\u062a\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0648\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0636\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u060c \u0628\u062f\u0621\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0647\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0636\u064a\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0645\u062a\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0637\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u064a\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u064f\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644\u064a\u064a\u0646<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/place\/Israel\/Relief\" title=\"33|Britannica: Israel Topography|Encyclopaedia Britannica|2023\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[33]<\/a><\/sup>. \u064a\u062a\u062e\u0644\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0647\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0635\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0646\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0631\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0646\u0647\u0631 \u0643\u064a\u0634\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0638\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0629<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nationalgeographic.com\/history\/article\/israel\" title=\"34|National Geographic: Israel Rivers|National Geographic Society|2022\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[34]<\/a><\/sup>. \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0647\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0644\u064a \u062a\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0636\u0645 \u062c\u0628\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0645\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629 (\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0633) \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0637\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0636\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u0648\u0639\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0644<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/israel\/\" title=\"35|CIA World Factbook: Israel Mountains|CIA|2023\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[35]<\/a><\/sup>. \u064a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u062c\u0628\u0644 \u0645\u064a\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639 1,208 \u0645\u062a\u0631\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0645\u0645 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062a\u0631\u0641 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u064b\u0627<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/place\/Mount-Meron\" title=\"36|Britannica: Mount Meron Elevation|Encyclopaedia Britannica|2023\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[36]<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p>\n<p>\u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0628\u0627\u0644 \u064a\u0642\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062f\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u0635\u062f\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u060c \u0648\u064a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0623\u062f\u0646\u0649 \u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0637\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u0635\u0644 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a 430 \u0645\u062a\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0633\u0637\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 2023<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.worldbank.org\/en\/country\/israel\" title=\"37|World Bank: Dead Sea Elevation|World Bank Group|2023\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[37]<\/a><\/sup>. \u064a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0646\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062f\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062f\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u064a\u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u062d\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0637\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0627 (\u0628\u062d\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0644) \u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u064a\u0635\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u062a\u060c \u0648\u062a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0628\u062d\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0637\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0627 \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0630\u0628\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/arabic\/world-middle-east-56987654\" title=\"38|BBC Arabic: Sea of Galilee Importance|BBC News Arabic|2021\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[38]<\/a><\/sup>. \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0636\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u062a\u0645\u062a\u062f \u0635\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0633\u0639\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u064f\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0635\u0641 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u062b\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0631\u0648\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0629) \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u064f\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0628\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.aljazeera.net\/encyclopedia\/2014\/11\/26\/%D8%B5%D8%AD%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%A1-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%86%D9%82%D8%A8\" title=\"39|Al Jazeera: Negev Desert Features|Al Jazeera Network|2014\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[39]<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u062a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0642\u064a\u0637\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0637\u064f\u0648\u0631\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0636\u064a<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nationalgeographic.com\/environment\/article\/israel-water-conservation\" title=\"40|National Geographic: Drip Irrigation Israel|National Geographic Society|2020\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[40]<\/a><\/sup>. \u064a\u064f\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0631\u0624\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0637\u0628\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062e\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u064f\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062a\u0636\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0633\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0648\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u062c\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/place\/Israel\/Geology\" title=\"41|Britannica: Israel Geology|Encyclopaedia Britannica|2023\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[41]<\/a><\/sup>. \u062a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0645\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u063a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0642\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0644\u0648\u062c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0637\u0627\u0631<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/israel\/\" title=\"42|CIA World Factbook: Golan Heights Resources|CIA|2023\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[42]<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p>\n<p>\u062a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0636\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u062e \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u064f\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628 \u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0631\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.worldbank.org\/en\/country\/israel\" title=\"43|World Bank: Israel Economic Geography|World Bank Group|2023\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[43]<\/a><\/sup>. \u062a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0632\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u064a\u062a\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0648\u0645\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u064f\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633 \u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0622\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u064a\u0646<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nationalgeographic.com\/history\/article\/israel\" title=\"44|National Geographic: Mountain Agriculture Israel|National Geographic Society|2022\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[44]<\/a><\/sup>. \u062a\u064f\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0628\u062d\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0637\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u064f\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0640&#8221;\u0628\u062d\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0644&#8221;\u060c \u0623\u062f\u0646\u0649 \u0628\u062d\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0630\u0628\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0642\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a 209 \u0623\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0633\u0637\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/place\/Sea-of-Galilee\" title=\"45|Britannica: Sea of Galilee Elevation|Encyclopaedia Britannica|2023\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[45]<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p>\n<p>\u062a\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0628\u0631\u0649\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a \u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a \u0644\u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0636\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062a\u0645 \u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0624\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 1964<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/arabic\/world-middle-east-56987654\" title=\"46|BBC Arabic: National Water Carrier Israel|BBC News Arabic|2021\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[46]<\/a><\/sup>. \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u062a\u060c \u0628\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0635\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 34%\u060c \u0648\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0647\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0648\u064a\u064f\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0631\u062c \u0645\u0646\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u062a\u0627\u0633 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0646\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0648\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0646 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.aljazeera.net\/encyclopedia\/2016\/11\/14\/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D8%AD%D8%B1-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%AA-%D8%AC%D8%B2%D8%A1-%D9%85%D9%86-%D8%AD%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%82-%D8%A3%D9%84%D9%85-%D8%AA%D8%B9%D8%B1%D9%81%D9%87%D8%A7-%D8%B9%D9%86%D9%87\" title=\"47|Al Jazeera: Dead Sea Mineral Extraction|Al Jazeera Network|2016\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[47]<\/a><\/sup>. \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644 \u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a \u063a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0631\u062a \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0648\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a \u0644\u0633\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0635\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u062c\u0639\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0631\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nationalgeographic.com\/environment\/article\/israel-water-conservation\" title=\"48|National Geographic: Israel Desalination Technology|National Geographic Society|2020\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[48]<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p>\n<p>\u062a\u064f\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0635\u062f\u0639\u0629\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0639\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0648\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062f\u0646\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0647\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u062c\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0627 \u0648\u0623\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644 \u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0648\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.un.org\/unispal\/document\/auto-insert-201509\/\" title=\"49|UN: Israel Bird Migration Routes|United Nations|2020\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[49]<\/a><\/sup>. \u062a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0636\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0639\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0645\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0646\u0632\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nationalgeographic.com\/history\/article\/israel\" title=\"50|National Geographic: Israel Nature Reserves|National Geographic Society|2022\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[50]<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629<\/h3>\n<p>\u062a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644 \u0634\u062d\u064a\u062d\u0629 \u0628\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u062a\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u062f\u0641\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0628\u062a\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0628\u0644\u063a\u062a \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u0627\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0625\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0627\u0643 \u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0628 \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a 80% \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 2020<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nationalgeographic.com\/environment\/article\/israel-water-conservation\" title=\"51|National Geographic: Israel Water Resources Management|National Geographic Society|2020\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[51]<\/a><\/sup>. \u064a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0646\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062f\u0646 \u0648\u0628\u062d\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0637\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0627 (\u0628\u062d\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0644) \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0630\u0628\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0642 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062f\u0646 \u0648\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0642\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0633\u0629<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/arabic\/world-middle-east-56987654\" title=\"52|BBC Arabic: Jordan River Water Disputes|BBC News Arabic|2021\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[52]<\/a><\/sup>. \u062a\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u063a\u0630\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0632\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0647\u0627\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647\u060c \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0628\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0649 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0634\u062d\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0632\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.worldbank.org\/en\/country\/israel\" title=\"53|World Bank: Israel Groundwater Resources|World Bank Group|2023\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[53]<\/a><\/sup>. \u062a\u064f\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u062d\u0637\u0627\u062a \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0645\u062d\u0637\u0629 \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0641\u062a\u064f\u062a\u062d\u062a \u0639\u0627\u0645 2013\u060c \u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632\u0629 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0628\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u060c \u0648\u062a\u064f\u0646\u062a\u062c \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a 150 \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u0631 \u0645\u0643\u0639\u0628 \u0633\u0646\u0648\u064a\u064b\u0627<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/place\/Israel\/Economy\" title=\"54|Britannica: Sorek Desalination Plant|Encyclopaedia Britannica|2023\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[54]<\/a><\/sup>. \u062a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u062f\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0625\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0632\u064b\u0627 \u0622\u062e\u0631\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u0631\u0628 \u0645\u0646 90% \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a \u0644\u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0645 2022<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nationalgeographic.com\/environment\/article\/israel-water-conservation\" title=\"55|National Geographic: Israel Wastewater Recycling|National Geographic Society|2020\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[55]<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p>\n<p>\u062a\u064f\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644 \u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639\u064b\u0627 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0627\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u062e\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0636\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0633\u064a\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a 2,600 \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u0627\u062a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u0647\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0644 150 \u0646\u0648\u0639\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0647\u062f\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 2021<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.un.org\/unispal\/document\/auto-insert-201509\/\" title=\"56|UN: Israel Plant Species Diversity|United Nations|2020\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[56]<\/a><\/sup>. \u062a\u064f\u063a\u0637\u064a \u063a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u064a\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u0628\u0623\u0634\u062c\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0648\u0637 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0648\u0628\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u0648\u0628\u060c \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0645\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u062a\u064f\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0647\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0629<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nationalgeographic.com\/history\/article\/israel\" title=\"57|National Geographic: Mediterranean Forests Israel|National Geographic Society|2022\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[57]<\/a><\/sup>. \u062a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0634\u062c\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u064a\u062a\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u064f\u0632\u0631\u0639 \u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0622\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0628\u0631\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u062c\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0638\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u0628\u0644\u063a \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0623\u0634\u062c\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u064a\u062a\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u0631\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u062c\u0627\u0631<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.aljazeera.net\/encyclopedia\/2014\/11\/26\/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B2%D9%8A%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%86-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D8%B4%D8%AC%D8%A7%D8%B1-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%83%D8%A9\" title=\"58|Al Jazeera: Olive Trees in Israel|Al Jazeera Network|2014\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[58]<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p>\n<p>\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0628 \u0648\u0648\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0639\u0631\u0628\u0629\u060c \u062a\u062a\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u0627\u062a\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0641\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062d\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0623\u0634\u062c\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u062c\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u064f\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0641\u0627\u0641\u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0639 \u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0628 \u0644\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0642\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/place\/Israel\/Natural-vegetation-and-animal-life\" title=\"59|Britannica: Negev Desert Flora|Encyclopaedia Britannica|2023\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[59]<\/a><\/sup>. \u062a\u064f\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0632\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0639\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0634\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0631\u062c\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0634\u0647\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0649 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0647\u0637\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062c\u0630\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u062d \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u062f \u0633\u0648\u0627\u0621<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nationalgeographic.com\/history\/article\/israel\" title=\"60|National Geographic: Israel Spring Flowers|National Geographic Society|2022\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[60]<\/a><\/sup>. \u062a\u064f\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 200 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648 65 \u0645\u062a\u0646\u0632\u0647\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u062a\u063a\u0637\u064a \u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a 20% \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u062a\u064f\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u0630\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/israel\/\" title=\"61|CIA World Factbook: Israel Protected Areas|CIA|2023\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[61]<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p>\n<p>\u062a\u064f\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0645\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0636\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0632\u0644\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0639\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0631\u062d\u0629\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u064f\u0628\u0630\u0644 \u062c\u0647\u0648\u062f \u062d\u062b\u064a\u062b\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.un.org\/unispal\/document\/auto-insert-201509\/\" title=\"62|UN: Israel Endangered Species|United Nations|2020\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[62]<\/a><\/sup>. \u062a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u062c\u0632\u0621\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0647\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u062c\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0628\u062f\u0623\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.worldbank.org\/en\/country\/israel\" title=\"63|World Bank: Israel Reforestation Efforts|World Bank Group|2023\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[63]<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p>\n<p>\u062a\u064f\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0648\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0638\u0644 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u064f\u0635\u062f\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0632\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0645\u0627\u0637\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0632\u0647\u0648\u0631<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nationalgeographic.com\/environment\/article\/israel-agriculture-innovation\" title=\"64|National Geographic: Israel Agricultural Innovation|National Geographic Society|2020\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[64]<\/a><\/sup>. \u064a\u064f\u0639\u062f &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647&#8221;\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0646\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 1964\u060c \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0633\u0645\u062d\u062a \u0628\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u062d\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0637\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u062d\u062f\u062b \u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/place\/Israel\/Economy\" title=\"65|Britannica: National Water Carrier History|Encyclopaedia Britannica|2023\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[65]<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p>\n<p>\u062a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0623\u0634\u062c\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062e\u064a\u0644\u060c \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062f\u0646 \u0648\u0648\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0639\u0631\u0628\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u064f\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0648\u0631 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0635\u062f\u064a\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u062c\u064a\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u062e \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0641<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.aljazeera.net\/economy\/2018\/1\/14\/%D9%85%D9%8A%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%A1-%D8%A5%D9%8A%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%A9-%D8%A5%D8%B3%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%8A%D9%84-%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%89-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D8%AD%D8%B1\" title=\"66|Al Jazeera: Date Palm Cultivation Israel|Al Jazeera Network|2018\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[66]<\/a><\/sup>. \u062a\u064f\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u062c\u0647\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0642\u0648\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0642\u0627\u0645\u062a \u0633\u0644\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0628\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0644\u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0625\u062f\u062e\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u0634\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0636<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.un.org\/unispal\/document\/auto-insert-201509\/\" title=\"67|UN: Israel Wildlife Conservation|United Nations|2020\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[67]<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p>\n<h2>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e<\/h2>\n<p>\u064a\u0645\u062a\u062f \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u064f\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644 \u0644\u0622\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u064a\u0646\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0645\u0647\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0636\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u0649\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u064a\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/place\/Israel\/History\" title=\"68|Britannica: Israel Historical Overview|Encyclopaedia Britannica|2023\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[68]<\/a><\/sup>. \u0634\u0647\u062f\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636 \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0642\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0637\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0648\u0628\u060c \u0628\u062f\u0621\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0646\u0639\u0627\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0629 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0637\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0632\u0646\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nationalgeographic.com\/history\/article\/ancient-israel\" title=\"69|National Geographic: Ancient History of Israel|National Geographic Society|2021\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[69]<\/a><\/sup>. \u062a\u064f\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u062a\u064a \u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u064a\u0647\u0648\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0623\u0633\u0633\u062a\u0627 \u0647\u0646\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062f<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/arabic\/world-middle-east-56987654\" title=\"70|BBC Arabic: Kingdoms of Israel and Judah|BBC News Arabic|2021\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[70]<\/a><\/sup>. \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0633\u0639 \u0639\u0634\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646\u060c \u062a\u0635\u0627\u0639\u062f\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0647\u064a\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0628\u0625\u0642\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u064a\u0647\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u062f\u0649 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062c\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.aljazeera.net\/encyclopedia\/2019\/5\/14\/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B5%D9%87%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D9%86%D8%B4%D8%A3%D8%AA%D9%87%D8%A7-%D9%88%D8%A3%D9%87%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%81%D9%87%D8%A7\" title=\"71|Al Jazeera: History of Zionism|Al Jazeera Network|2019\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[71]<\/a><\/sup>. \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 1948\u060c \u0623\u064f\u0639\u0644\u0646\u062a \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u062d\u062f\u062b \u064a\u064f\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0628\u0640&#8221;\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0643\u0628\u0629&#8221; \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.un.org\/unispal\/document\/auto-insert-201509\/\" title=\"72|UN: 1948 Arab-Israeli War|United Nations|2020\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[72]<\/a><\/sup>. \u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0646\u060c \u062e\u0627\u0636\u062a \u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644 \u0639\u062f\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u0648\u0628 \u0648\u0646\u0632\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639 \u062c\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0634\u0647\u062f\u062a \u062a\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0635\u0631 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1979 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062f\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1994<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/israel\/\" title=\"73|CIA World Factbook: Israel Peace Treaties|CIA|2023\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[73]<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0649<\/h3>\n<p>\u062a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0623\u0631\u0636 \u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u062c\u0632\u0621\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0634\u0647\u062f\u062a \u0638\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0637\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0643\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0641 \u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631 \u062a\u0639\u0648\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a 1.5 \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0633\u0646\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0648\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062f\u0646<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nationalgeographic.com\/history\/article\/ancient-israel\" title=\"74|National Geographic: Prehistoric Israel|National Geographic Society|2021\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[74]<\/a><\/sup>. \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0629 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062f\u060c \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0637\u0646\u062a \u0642\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0643\u0646\u0639\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0633\u0633\u062a \u0645\u062f\u0646\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0645\u062c\u062f\u0648 \u0648\u062d\u0627\u0632\u0648\u0631 \u0648\u0623\u0631\u064a\u062d\u0627\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0623\u0647\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/place\/Canaan\" title=\"75|Britannica: Canaanite Civilization|Encyclopaedia Britannica|2023\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[75]<\/a><\/sup>. \u062a\u064f\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062c\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0631\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u062a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0639\u0634\u0631 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062f\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0646\u0639\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0639\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/arabic\/world-middle-east-56987654\" title=\"76|BBC Arabic: Amarna Letters and Canaan|BBC News Arabic|2021\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[76]<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p>\n<p>\u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0628\u0646\u0648 \u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0643\u0646\u0639\u0627\u0646 \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b \u0639\u0634\u0631 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062f\u060c \u0628\u0639\u062f \u062e\u0631\u0648\u062c\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0635\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0633\u0633\u0648\u0627 \u0645\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.aljazeera.net\/encyclopedia\/2019\/5\/14\/%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%AE-%D8%A5%D8%B3%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%8A%D9%84-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%85\" title=\"77|Al Jazeera: Ancient Israelite History|Al Jazeera Network|2019\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[77]<\/a><\/sup>. \u062a\u0623\u0633\u0633\u062a \u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643 \u062f\u0627\u0648\u062f \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 1000 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0633\u060c \u062b\u0645 \u0627\u0646\u0642\u0633\u0645\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u062a\u064a\u0646: \u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u064a\u0647\u0648\u0630\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 930 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062f<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/israel\/\" title=\"78|CIA World Factbook: Ancient Kingdoms of Israel|CIA|2023\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[78]<\/a><\/sup>. \u0634\u0647\u062f\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0643 \u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0632\u062f\u0647\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0648\u0628\u060c \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0633\u0642\u0637 \u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0634\u0648\u0631\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0645 722 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u064a\u0647\u0648\u0630\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0628\u0644\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0645 586 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062f\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u062f\u0649 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0648\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u0627\u0628\u0644<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/place\/Israel\/History#ref204286\" title=\"79|Britannica: Fall of Israel and Judah|Encyclopaedia Britannica|2023\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[79]<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p>\n<p>\u0639\u0627\u062f\u062a \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0648\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u064a\u0647\u0648\u0630\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0637\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0631\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a 70 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0648\u0627 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0633 \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 516 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0648\u0641\u0629 \u0628\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nationalgeographic.com\/history\/article\/ancient-israel\" title=\"80|National Geographic: Second Temple Period|National Geographic Society|2021\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[80]<\/a><\/sup>. \u062d\u0643\u0645\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u062f\u0649 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0628\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062f\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0623\u0633\u064a\u0633 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u064a\u0647\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0629 \u0642\u0635\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0631 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0634\u0645\u0648\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u062a \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0639\u0627\u0645 63 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062f<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/event\/Maccabees\" title=\"81|Britannica: Maccabean Revolt|Encyclopaedia Britannica|2023\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[81]<\/a><\/sup>. \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0633\u0642\u0637\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0637\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0634\u0647\u062f\u062a \u0638\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u064a\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062f\u064a\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0633 \u0648\u0628\u064a\u062a \u0644\u062d\u0645 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0633\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0633\u064a\u062d\u064a\u064a\u0646<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/arabic\/world-middle-east-56987654\" title=\"82|BBC Arabic: Roman Rule and Christianity|BBC News Arabic|2021\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[82]<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p>\n<p>\u0642\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u062b\u0648\u0631\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0647\u0648\u062f\u064a\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u062a\u064a\u0646: \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 70 \u0645\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u062f\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062f\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0643\u0648\u062e\u0628\u0627 \u0641\u064a 135 \u0645\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062f\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0639\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0645 \u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 &#8220;\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627 \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646&#8221; \u0644\u0645\u0646\u0639 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0648\u062f<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.aljazeera.net\/encyclopedia\/2019\/5\/14\/%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%AE-%D8%A5%D8%B3%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%8A%D9%84-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%85\" title=\"83|Al Jazeera: Bar Kokhba Revolt|Al Jazeera Network|2019\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[83]<\/a><\/sup>. \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a \u062b\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0632\u0646\u0637\u064a \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 636 \u0645\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062f\u064a\u060c \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0648\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u0631 \u0628\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0628\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0633 \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0633\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/israel\/\" title=\"84|CIA World Factbook: Islamic Conquest of Palestine|CIA|2023\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[84]<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p>\n<p>\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0649\u060c \u062d\u0643\u0645\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0633\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0648\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0627\u0633\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0637\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0634\u0647\u062f\u062a \u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0632\u062f\u0647\u0627\u0631 \u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u062c\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/place\/Palestine\/Under-Arab-rule\" title=\"85|Britannica: Palestine Under Arab Rule|Encyclopaedia Britannica|2023\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[85]<\/a><\/sup>. \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0648\u0627\u062e\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0639\u0634\u0631\u060c \u0628\u062f\u0623\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u062a \u0644\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0642\u0631\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0623\u0633\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 1099\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u062f\u0649 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0635\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0645\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nationalgeographic.com\/history\/article\/crusades\" title=\"86|National Geographic: Crusades and Jerusalem|National Geographic Society|2021\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[86]<\/a><\/sup>. \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u064a\u0648\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0633 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1187 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u062d\u0637\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0645\u0646\u0647\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u062c\u0632\u0621\u064b\u0627 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u064a\u0628\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/arabic\/world-middle-east-44678901\" title=\"87|BBC Arabic: Saladin and Hattin|BBC News Arabic|2018\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[87]<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p>\n<p>\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u064a\u0648\u0628\u064a\u064a\u0646\u060c \u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b \u0639\u0634\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062f\u0633 \u0639\u0634\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0634\u0647\u062f\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u062c\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0633\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0633 \u0643\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u062f\u064a\u0646\u064a<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.aljazeera.net\/encyclopedia\/2019\/5\/14\/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%83-%D9%81%D9%8A-%D9%81%D9%84%D8%B3%D8%B7%D9%8A%D9%86\" title=\"88|Al Jazeera: Mamluks in Palestine|Al Jazeera Network|2019\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[88]<\/a><\/sup>. \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0634\u0627\u0647\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u064a\u062d\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0633\u0642\u0648\u0637 \u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u064a\u0628\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0643\u0627 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1291<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/event\/Fall-of-Acre\" title=\"89|Britannica: Fall of Acre 1291|Encyclopaedia Britannica|2023\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[89]<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a<\/h3>\n<figure class=\"geo-img-inline\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/9\/9d\/%22Jews_and_Arabs_in_Grim_Struggle_for_Holy_Land%22_article_%281938%29.jpg\" alt=\"\u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644\" loading=\"lazy\"><figcaption>\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 &quot;\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0648\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0635\u0631\u0627\u0639 \u0645\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0633\u0629&quot; \u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0623\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1938.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1517 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u0633\u064a\u0637\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0637\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0643\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u062d\u0643\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u0631\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0642\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1917<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/place\/Palestine\/Ottoman-rule\" title=\"90|Britannica: Ottoman Rule in Palestine|Encyclopaedia Britannica|2023\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[90]<\/a><\/sup>. \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646 \u062c\u0632\u0621\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0645\u0642\u0633\u0645\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0633\u0646\u0627\u062c\u0642 (\u0623\u0644\u0648\u064a\u0629) \u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0645\u0634\u0642 \u0623\u0648 \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0633\u0646\u062c\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0633 \u0648\u0639\u0643\u0627 \u0648\u0646\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0633<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nationalgeographic.com\/history\/article\/ottoman-empire\" title=\"91|National Geographic: Ottoman Administration of Palestine|National Geographic Society|2021\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[91]<\/a><\/sup>. \u0634\u0647\u062f\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u064a\u062d\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0648\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0633 \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064b\u0627 \u062f\u064a\u0646\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0647\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/arabic\/world-middle-east-56987654\" title=\"92|BBC Arabic: Jerusalem Under Ottomans|BBC News Arabic|2021\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[92]<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p>\n<p>\u0641\u064a \u0623\u0648\u0627\u062e\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0633\u0639 \u0639\u0634\u0631\u060c \u0628\u062f\u0623\u062a \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062c\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629) \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0645\u062f\u0641\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0647\u064a\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062f\u0639\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0642\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0637\u0646 \u0642\u0648\u0645\u064a \u0644\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0648\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0631\u0636 \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062c\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u064f\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0628\u0640&#8221;\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649&#8221; \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 1882<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.aljazeera.net\/encyclopedia\/2019\/5\/14\/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%87%D9%88%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D8%A5%D9%84%D9%89-%D9%81%D9%84%D8%B3%D8%B7%D9%8A%D9%86\" title=\"93|Al Jazeera: First Aliyah|Al Jazeera Network|2019\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[93]<\/a><\/sup>. \u0623\u0633\u0633\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0637\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0632\u0631\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 &#8220;\u0628\u062a\u0627\u062d \u062a\u0643\u0641\u0627&#8221; \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 1878 \u0648&#8221;\u0631\u064a\u0634\u0648\u0646 \u0644\u062a\u0633\u064a\u0648\u0646&#8221; \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 1882\u060c \u0648\u0634\u0647\u062f\u062a \u0646\u0645\u0648\u064b\u0627 \u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u064a\u0647\u0648\u062f\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0637\u064a\u0626\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/israel\/\" title=\"94|CIA World Factbook: Early Zionist Settlements|CIA|2023\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[94]<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p>\n<p>\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649\u060c \u0633\u0642\u0637\u062a \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1917\u060c \u0628\u0639\u062f \u062d\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0631\u0627\u0644 \u0625\u062f\u0645\u0648\u0646\u062f \u0623\u0644\u0646\u0628\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0646\u0647\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062f\u0627\u0645 400 \u0639\u0627\u0645<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/event\/World-War-I\/The-war-in-the-Middle-East\" title=\"95|Britannica: WWI Palestine Campaign|Encyclopaedia Britannica|2023\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[95]<\/a><\/sup>. \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0648\u0641\u0645\u0628\u0631 1917\u060c \u0623\u0635\u062f\u0631\u062a \u0628\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627 &#8220;\u0648\u0639\u062f \u0628\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0631&#8221; \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0646 \u062f\u0639\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0625\u0642\u0627\u0645\u0629 &#8220;\u0648\u0637\u0646 \u0642\u0648\u0645\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0648\u062f\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646&#8221;\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0647 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0645\u064a\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nationalgeographic.com\/history\/article\/balfour-declaration\" title=\"96|National Geographic: Balfour Declaration Impact|National Geographic Society|2021\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[96]<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p>\n<p>\u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 1922\u060c \u0643\u0644\u0641 \u0639\u0635\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645 \u0628\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0639\u0637\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0648\u0639\u062f \u0628\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0631 \u0648\u0623\u0639\u0637\u0649 \u0628\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627 \u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 &#8220;\u062a\u0633\u0647\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062c\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0634\u062c\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636&#8221; \u0645\u0639 \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0648\u062f<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.un.org\/unispal\/document\/auto-insert-201509\/\" title=\"97|UN: Mandate for Palestine Terms|United Nations|2020\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[97]<\/a><\/sup>. \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a (1922-1948)\u060c \u0632\u0627\u062f\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062c\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u060c \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0627\u0636\u0637\u0647\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0648\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0627\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u062f\u0649 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0648\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a 84,000 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 1922 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 600,000 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 1948<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.worldbank.org\/en\/country\/israel\" title=\"98|World Bank: Jewish Immigration under Mandate|World Bank Group|2023\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[98]<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p>\n<p>\u062a\u0633\u0628\u0628\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062c\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0628\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0648\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0635\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u0632\u0627\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0648\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0644\u0639\u062a \u062b\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0628\u0631\u0649\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1929 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u0649 1936-1939<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.aljazeera.net\/encyclopedia\/2019\/5\/14\/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AB%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%B1%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%89-%D9%81%D9%8A-%D9%81%D9%84%D8%B3%D8%B7%D9%8A%D9%86\" title=\"99|Al Jazeera: Arab Revolt in Palestine|Al Jazeera Network|2019\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[99]<\/a><\/sup>. \u0623\u0646\u0634\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0648\u062f \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0628\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648&#8221;\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u063a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u0647&#8221; (\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0641\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629)\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d\u062a \u0646\u0648\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0627\u062d\u0642\u064b\u0627<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/Haganah\" title=\"100|Britannica: Haganah Formation|Encyclopaedia Britannica|2023\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[100]<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p>\n<p>\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644\u062a \u0628\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0644\u062c\u0627\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0648\u062e\u0637\u0637 \u062a\u0642\u0633\u064a\u0645 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 &#8220;\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0644&#8221; \u0639\u0627\u0645 1937 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u0648\u0635\u062a \u0628\u062a\u0642\u0633\u064a\u0645 \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0648\u062f \u0641\u0634\u0644\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0644 \u0645\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0646<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/arabic\/world-middle-east-56987654\" title=\"101|BBC Arabic: Peel Commission Report|BBC News Arabic|2021\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[101]<\/a><\/sup>. \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0643\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0641 \u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0631\u0642\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0644\u0648\u0643\u0648\u0633\u062a) \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0648\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0627\u060c \u0632\u0627\u062f\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627 \u0644\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nationalgeographic.com\/history\/article\/holocaust\" title=\"102|National Geographic: Holocaust Impact on Palestine|National Geographic Society|2021\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[102]<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p>\n<p>\u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 1947\u060c \u0623\u062d\u0627\u0644\u062a \u0628\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u0635\u062f\u0631\u062a \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0633\u064a\u0645 \u0631\u0642\u0645 181 \u0641\u064a 29 \u0646\u0648\u0641\u0645\u0628\u0631 1947\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0623\u0648\u0635\u0649 \u0628\u062a\u0642\u0633\u064a\u0645 \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u064a\u0647\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0633 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u062e\u0627\u0635<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.un.org\/unispal\/document\/auto-insert-201509\/\" title=\"103|UN: UN Partition Plan Palestine|United Nations|2020\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[103]<\/a><\/sup>. \u0642\u0628\u0644\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0647\u064a\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u0631\u0641\u0636\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u062f\u0649 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0635\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0641 \u0641\u064a \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.aljazeera.net\/encyclopedia\/2019\/5\/14\/%D9%82%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B1-%D8%AA%D9%82%D8%B3%D9%8A%D9%85-%D9%81%D9%84%D8%B3%D8%B7%D9%8A%D9%86-%D8%B9%D8%A7%D9%85-1947\" title=\"104|Al Jazeera: Reactions to UN Partition Plan|Al Jazeera Network|2019\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[104]<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p>\n<h3>\u062a\u0623\u0633\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649<\/h3>\n<figure class=\"geo-img-inline\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/3\/36\/Declaration_of_State_of_Israel_1948.jpg\" alt=\"\u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644\" loading=\"lazy\"><figcaption>\u062f\u064a\u0641\u064a\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u063a\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0648\u0646 (\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0648\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0644\u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644) \u064a\u0639\u0644\u0646 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0645 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644 \u0641\u064a 14 \u0645\u0627\u064a\u0648 1948.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>\u0641\u064a 14 \u0645\u0627\u064a\u0648 1948\u060c \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0633\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0646 \u062f\u064a\u0641\u064a\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u063a\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0645 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0644 \u0623\u0628\u064a\u0628\u060c \u0645\u064f\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0631\u0642\u0645 181 \u0648\u062d\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0648\u062f\u064a \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0635\u064a\u0631\u0647<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/place\/Israel\/Foundation-of-the-State-of-Israel\" title=\"105|Britannica: Declaration of Israel 1948|Encyclopaedia Britannica|2023\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[105]<\/a><\/sup>. \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u060c 15 \u0645\u0627\u064a\u0648 1948\u060c \u063a\u0632\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0648\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0635\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062f\u0646 \u0648\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0631\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0634\u0639\u0644 \u062d\u0631\u0628 1948\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0648\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0640&#8221;\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644&#8221; \u0648\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0640&#8221;\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0643\u0628\u0629&#8221;<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.un.org\/unispal\/document\/auto-insert-201509\/\" title=\"106|UN: 1948 Arab-Israeli War Causes|United Nations|2020\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[106]<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p>\n<p>\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 1949 \u0628\u062a\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0647\u062f\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0641\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0635\u0631 \u0648\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062f\u0646 \u0648\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0646\u062a\u062c \u0639\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u0633\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0633\u064a\u0637\u0631\u062a \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644 \u0644\u062a\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 \u0628\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0627 \u062e\u0635\u0635\u0647 \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0633\u064a\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0633\u064a\u0637\u0631\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a 78% \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nationalgeographic.com\/history\/article\/1948-arab-israeli-war\" title=\"107|National Geographic: 1948 War Outcomes|National Geographic Society|2021\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[107]<\/a><\/sup>. \u0623\u062f\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0632\u0648\u062d \u0645\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d\u0648\u0627 \u0644\u0627\u062c\u0626\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u063a\u0632\u0629\u060c \u0648\u064a\u064f\u0642\u062f\u0631 \u0639\u062f\u062f\u0647\u0645 \u0628\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 700,000 \u0644\u0627\u062c\u0626 \u0628\u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1949<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.aljazeera.net\/encyclopedia\/2019\/5\/14\/%D8%AD%D8%B1%D8%A8-1948-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%86%D9%83%D8%A8%D8%A9\" title=\"108|Al Jazeera: 1948 Palestinian Refugees|Al Jazeera Network|2019\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[108]<\/a><\/sup>. \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u060c \u0634\u0647\u062f\u062a \u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0647\u062c\u0631\u0629 \u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0648\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0639\u0627\u0645 1948\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644\u062a \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 680,000 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u062c\u0631 \u064a\u0647\u0648\u062f\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u064a 1948 \u06481951<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/israel\/\" title=\"109|CIA World Factbook: Post-1948 Aliyah|CIA|2023\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[109]<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p>\n<p>\u0627\u0646\u0636\u0645\u062a \u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0643\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0636\u0648 \u0641\u064a 11 \u0645\u0627\u064a\u0648 1949\u060c \u0628\u0639\u062f \u062a\u0639\u0647\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0645 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0639\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u062c\u0626\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0641\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.un.org\/unispal\/document\/auto-insert-201509\/\" title=\"110|UN: Israel UN Membership Conditions|United Nations|2020\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[110]<\/a><\/sup>. \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0636\u064a\u060c \u0631\u0643\u0632\u062a \u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0639\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u062f \u0648\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0634\u0647\u062f\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0643\u0628\u0631\u0649 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.worldbank.org\/en\/country\/israel\" title=\"111|World Bank: Israel 1950s Development|World Bank Group|2023\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[111]<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p>\n<p>\u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 1956\u060c \u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u062a \u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0635\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0641 \u0645\u0639 \u0628\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u0627\u060c \u0628\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0637\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u0646\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u064a\u0633 \u0648\u0625\u0633\u0642\u0627\u0637 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0646\u0633\u062d\u0628\u062a \u0644\u0627\u062d\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0636\u063a\u0648\u0637 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/event\/Suez-Crisis\" title=\"112|Britannica: Suez Crisis Israel Role|Encyclopaedia Britannica|2023\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[112]<\/a><\/sup>. \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u062c\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628 \u0637\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u0648\u0642\u0648\u0639 \u063a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0641\u062f\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628\u064a\u0646<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nationalgeographic.com\/history\/article\/israel-arab-conflict-timeline\" title=\"113|National Geographic: Arab-Israeli Border Clashes 1950s|National Geographic Society|2021\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[113]<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p>\n<p>\u0641\u064a 5 \u064a\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0648 1967\u060c \u0634\u0646\u062a \u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644 \u0647\u062c\u0648\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0641\u0627\u062c\u0626\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0635\u0631 \u0648\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062f\u0646\u060c \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u0639\u064f\u0631\u0641 \u0628\u0640&#8221;\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u064a\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062a\u0629&#8221; \u0623\u0648 &#8220;\u0646\u0643\u0633\u0629 1967&#8243;\u060c \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0644\u062a \u0641\u064a \u063a\u0636\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u064a\u0627\u0645 \u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u063a\u0632\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0634\u0628\u0647 \u062c\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0633\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0621<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.aljazeera.net\/encyclopedia\/2019\/5\/14\/%D8%AD%D8%B1%D8%A8-1967-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%86%D9%83%D8%B3%D8%A9\" title=\"114|Al Jazeera: 1967 War Occupation|Al Jazeera Network|2019\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[114]<\/a><\/sup>. \u0623\u062f\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0648\u0633\u0639 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0633\u064a\u0637\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0623\u062f\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0632\u0648\u062d \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u062c\u0626\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f\u0631 \u0639\u062f\u062f\u0647\u0645 \u0628\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a 300,000 \u0634\u062e\u0635<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.un.org\/unispal\/document\/auto-insert-201509\/\" title=\"115|UN: 1967 Palestinian Displacement|United Nations|2020\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[115]<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p>\n<p>\u062a\u0628\u0646\u0649 \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0631\u0642\u0645 242 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0648\u0641\u0645\u0628\u0631 1967\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062f\u0639\u0627 \u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0633\u062d\u0627\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0644\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0628\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u062d\u0642\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0634 \u0628\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0632\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a-\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644\u064a \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/arabic\/world-middle-east-56987654\" title=\"116|BBC Arabic: UN Resolution 242|BBC News Arabic|2021\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[116]<\/a><\/sup>. \u0628\u0639\u062f \u062d\u0631\u0628 1967\u060c \u0628\u062f\u0623\u062a \u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0637\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u063a\u0632\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u064f\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0628\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/place\/Israel\/The-June-War-and-its-aftermath\" title=\"117|Britannica: Israeli Settlements Post-1967|Encyclopaedia Britannica|2023\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[117]<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p>\n<p>\u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 1973\u060c \u0634\u0646\u062a \u0645\u0635\u0631 \u0648\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627 \u0647\u062c\u0648\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0641\u0627\u062c\u0626\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644 \u0641\u064a &#8220;\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0623\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0628\u0631&#8221; \u0623\u0648 &#8220;\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0641\u0631\u0627\u0646&#8221;\u060c \u0628\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0644\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 1967\u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f \u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0634\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.aljazeera.net\/encyclopedia\/2019\/5\/14\/%D8%AD%D8%B1%D8%A8-%D8%A3%D9%83%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%A8%D8%B1-1973\" title=\"118|Al Jazeera: Yom Kippur War Overview|Al Jazeera Network|2019\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[118]<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1967 \u0648\u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062f\u0646<\/h3>\n<figure class=\"geo-img-inline\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/f\/f2\/Bill_Clinton%2C_Yitzhak_Rabin%2C_Yasser_Arafat_at_the_White_House_1993-09-13.jpg\" alt=\"\u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644\" loading=\"lazy\"><figcaption>\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644\u064a \u0625\u0633\u062d\u0627\u0642 \u0631\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0646\u062a\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u0627\u0633\u0631 \u0639\u0631\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u064a\u0636 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u062a\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648\u0633\u0644\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1993.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>\u0628\u0639\u062f \u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1973\u060c \u0628\u062f\u0623\u062a \u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0628\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0625\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a-\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644\u064a\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0642\u0627\u0645\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nationalgeographic.com\/history\/article\/israel-arab-conflict-timeline\" title=\"119|National Geographic: Post-1973 Diplomacy|National Geographic Society|2021\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[119]<\/a><\/sup>. \u062a\u064f\u0648\u062c\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0648\u062f \u0628\u062a\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0643\u0627\u0645\u0628 \u062f\u064a\u0641\u064a\u062f \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0635\u0631 \u0648\u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0628\u062a\u0645\u0628\u0631 1978\u060c \u0628\u0631\u0639\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a \u062c\u064a\u0645\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u062f\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0647\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633 1979<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/event\/Camp-David-Accords\" title=\"120|Britannica: Camp David Accords History|Encyclopaedia Britannica|2023\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[120]<\/a><\/sup>. \u0628\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0628 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0647\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0646\u0633\u062d\u0628\u062a \u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0634\u0628\u0647 \u062c\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0633\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0644\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 1967\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0642\u0627\u0645\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0628\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0635\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0647\u062f\u0629 \u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/arabic\/world-middle-east-56987654\" title=\"121|BBC Arabic: Israel-Egypt Peace Treaty Details|BBC News Arabic|2021\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[121]<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p>\n<p>\u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 1982\u060c \u063a\u0632\u062a \u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644 \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a &#8220;\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0644&#8221;\u060c \u0628\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u062a\u062a\u062e\u0630 \u0645\u0646 \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644\u064a \u0644\u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628 \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0639\u0627\u0645 2000<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.aljazeera.net\/encyclopedia\/2019\/5\/14\/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%BA%D8%B2%D9%88-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%B3%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%8A%D9%84%D9%8A-%D9%84%D9%84%D8%A8%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%86-1982\" title=\"122|Al Jazeera: 1982 Lebanon War|Al Jazeera Network|2019\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[122]<\/a><\/sup>. \u0627\u0646\u062f\u0644\u0639\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0636\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u064a\u0633\u0645\u0628\u0631 1987\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0636\u0629 \u0634\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0636\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u062a \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1993<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.un.org\/unispal\/document\/auto-insert-201509\/\" title=\"123|UN: First Intifada Timeline|United Nations|2020\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[123]<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p>\n<p>\u062f\u0641\u0639 \u062a\u0635\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0641 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0636\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0644 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0642\u062f \u0645\u0624\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0645\u062f\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0644\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1991\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0648\u0641\u0648\u062f \u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0641\u0627\u0648\u0636\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0646\u064a\u0629<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/event\/Madrid-Peace-Conference\" title=\"124|Britannica: Madrid Peace Conference Purpose|Encyclopaedia Britannica|2023\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[124]<\/a><\/sup>. \u062a\u0644\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0641\u0627\u0648\u0636\u0627\u062a \u0633\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0648\u0633\u0644\u0648 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0631\u0648\u064a\u062c\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u0633\u0641\u0631\u062a \u0639\u0646 \u062a\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0639 &#8220;\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0626&#8221; \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648\u0633\u0644\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u064a\u0636 \u0641\u064a 13 \u0633\u0628\u062a\u0645\u0628\u0631 1993<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nationalgeographic.com\/history\/article\/oslo-accords\" title=\"125|National Geographic: Oslo Accords Signing|National Geographic Society|2021\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[125]<\/a><\/sup>. \u0646\u0635\u062a \u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648\u0633\u0644\u0648 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0644 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u0633\u0644\u0637\u0629 \u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u063a\u0632\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0628\u062f\u0621 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0641\u0627\u0648\u0636\u0627\u062a \u0644\u062e\u0645\u0633 \u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0644 \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/arabic\/world-middle-east-56987654\" title=\"126|BBC Arabic: Oslo Accords Key Provisions|BBC News Arabic|2021\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[126]<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p>\n<p>\u0641\u064a \u0623\u0639\u0642\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0648\u0633\u0644\u0648\u060c \u0648\u0642\u0639\u062a \u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0647\u062f\u0629 \u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062f\u0646 \u0641\u064a 26 \u0623\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0628\u0631 1994\u060c \u0628\u0631\u0639\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0646\u0647\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u062a \u0639\u0642\u0648\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.aljazeera.net\/encyclopedia\/2019\/5\/14\/%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%A7%D9%87%D8%AF%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D8%B1%D8%AF%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%B3%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%8A%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A9\" title=\"127|Al Jazeera: Israel-Jordan Peace Treaty Details|Al Jazeera Network|2019\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[127]<\/a><\/sup>. \u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0647\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0631\u0633\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u060c \u0648\u062d\u0644 \u0642\u0636\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0648\u062a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632\u0629 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/israel\/\" title=\"128|CIA World Factbook: Israel-Jordan Treaty Outcomes|CIA|2023\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[128]<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p>\n<p>\u0627\u063a\u062a\u064a\u0644 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644\u064a \u0625\u0633\u062d\u0627\u0642 \u0631\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a 4 \u0646\u0648\u0641\u0645\u0628\u0631 1995 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u064a\u062f \u0645\u062a\u0637\u0631\u0641 \u064a\u0647\u0648\u062f\u064a \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0636 \u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0644\u0642\u0649 \u0628\u0638\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a-\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644\u064a<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Yitzhak-Rabin\" title=\"129|Britannica: Yitzhak Rabin Assassination|Encyclopaedia Britannica|2023\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[129]<\/a><\/sup>. \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0648\u0636\u0627\u062a \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0639\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u062b\u0631\u062a \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0642\u0636\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u062c\u0648\u0647\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0633 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0637\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u062c\u0626\u064a\u0646<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.un.org\/unispal\/document\/auto-insert-201509\/\" title=\"130|UN: Post-Oslo Negotiations Challenges|United Nations|2020\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[130]<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p>\n<p>\u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 2000\u060c \u0627\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0631\u062a \u0642\u0645\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0645\u0628 \u062f\u064a\u0641\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644\u064a \u0625\u064a\u0647\u0648\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u0643 \u0648\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u0627\u0633\u0631 \u0639\u0631\u0641\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0633<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nationalgeographic.com\/history\/article\/camp-david-summit-2000\" title=\"131|National Geographic: Camp David 2000 Failure|National Geographic Society|2021\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[131]<\/a><\/sup>. \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0628\u062a\u0645\u0628\u0631 2000\u060c \u0627\u0646\u062f\u0644\u0639\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0636\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0648\u0641\u0629 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0640&#8221;\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0636\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0635\u0649&#8221;\u060c \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0632\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0644 \u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0632\u0639\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0636\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0622\u0646\u0630\u0627\u0643 \u0623\u0631\u064a\u064a\u0644 \u0634\u0627\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062c\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0635\u0649\u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0627\u062a\u0633\u0645\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0636\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0641<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/arabic\/world-middle-east-56987654\" title=\"132|BBC Arabic: Second Intifada Causes|BBC News Arabic|2021\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[132]<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p>\n<p>\u0631\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0636\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u062f\u0623\u062a \u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u062c\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 2002\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0623\u062b\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.aljazeera.net\/encyclopedia\/2021\/7\/9\/%D8%AC%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B1-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%81%D8%B5%D9%84-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D9%86%D8%B5%D8%B1%D9%8A-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%B3%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%8A%D9%84%D9%8A-%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%AE\" title=\"133|Al Jazeera: Israeli Wall Construction|Al Jazeera Network|2021\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[133]<\/a><\/sup>. \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 2005\u060c \u0646\u0641\u0630\u062a \u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644 \u062e\u0637\u0629 \u0641\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u063a\u0632\u0629\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0633\u062d\u0628\u062a \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0642\u0648\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639\u060c \u0645\u0646\u0647\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0630\u0644\u0643 38 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/event\/Gaza-disengagement\" title=\"134|Britannica: Gaza Disengagement Plan|Encyclopaedia Britannica|2023\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[134]<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646<\/h3>\n<figure class=\"geo-img-inline\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/7\/73\/Fires_in_Israel_and_the_Gaza_strip_-_7_October_2023_%2853245908850%29.jpg\" alt=\"\u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644\" loading=\"lazy\"><figcaption>\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0623\u0642\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u063a\u0632\u0629 \u0628\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e 7 \u0623\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0628\u0631 2023.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>\u0634\u0647\u062f\u062a \u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0639\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a-\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644\u064a \u0648\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639\u0629<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/place\/Israel\/Israel-in-the-21st-century\" title=\"135|Britannica: Israel 21st Century Overview|Encyclopaedia Britannica|2023\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[135]<\/a><\/sup>. \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0646\u0633\u062d\u0627\u0628 \u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u063a\u0632\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0645 2005\u060c \u0641\u0631\u0636\u062a \u062d\u0635\u0627\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 2007 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0633\u064a\u0637\u0631\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u062d\u0645\u0627\u0633 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u062f\u0649 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062f\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0636\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0648\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0627\u0639<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.un.org\/unispal\/document\/auto-insert-201509\/\" title=\"136|UN: Gaza Blockade Impact|United Nations|2020\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[136]<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p>\n<p>\u0634\u0646\u062a \u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644 \u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u063a\u0632\u0629\u060c \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u0628\u0631\u0632\u0647\u0627 &#8220;\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0635\u0627\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0628\u0648\u0628&#8221; \u0641\u064a 2008-2009\u060c \u0648&#8221;\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062d\u0627\u0628&#8221; \u0641\u064a 2012\u060c \u0648&#8221;\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u0645\u062f&#8221; \u0641\u064a 2014\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0633\u0641\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u0622\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u062d\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u062a\u062f\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.aljazeera.net\/encyclopedia\/2019\/5\/14\/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%A8-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%B3%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%8A%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%89-%D8%BA%D8%B2%D8%A9\" title=\"137|Al Jazeera: Israeli Operations in Gaza|Al Jazeera Network|2019\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[137]<\/a><\/sup>. \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 2006\u060c \u062e\u0627\u0636\u062a \u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644 &#8220;\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629&#8221; \u0636\u062f \u062d\u0632\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u062a \u0644\u0645\u062f\u0629 34 \u064a\u0648\u0645\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0623\u062f\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062f\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628 \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nationalgeographic.com\/history\/article\/2006-lebanon-war\" title=\"138|National Geographic: 2006 Lebanon War Overview|National Geographic Society|2021\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[138]<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p>\n<p>\u0634\u0647\u062f\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0635\u0639\u0648\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u0646\u064a\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0646\u062a\u0646\u064a\u0627\u0647\u0648 \u0631\u0626\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0628\u062f\u0621\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0645 2009\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0623\u0637\u0648\u0644 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0648\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644 \u0628\u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0645 2019<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/arabic\/world-middle-east-48995648\" title=\"139|BBC Arabic: Netanyahu&#039;s Political Career|BBC News Arabic|2019\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[139]<\/a><\/sup>. \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u062a \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u062b\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0639\u0642\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0646<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.un.org\/unispal\/document\/auto-insert-201509\/\" title=\"140|UN: Israeli Settlements Policy|United Nations|2020\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[140]<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p>\n<p>\u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 2018\u060c \u0623\u0642\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0646\u064a\u0633\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644\u064a &#8220;\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633: \u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644 &#8211; \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0648\u062f\u064a&#8221;\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0646\u0635 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0645\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0648\u062f\u064a \u0648\u0623\u0646 \u062d\u0642 \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0644\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0648\u062f \u0641\u0642\u0637\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u062b\u0627\u0631 \u062c\u062f\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0644\u062a\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0632\u0647 \u0636\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/Jewish-nation-state-law\" title=\"141|Britannica: Israel Nation-State Law|Encyclopaedia Britannica|2023\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[141]<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p>\n<p>\u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 2020\u060c \u0648\u0642\u0639\u062a \u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644 &#8220;\u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0647\u0627\u0645&#8221; \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0628\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0648\u0633\u0627\u0637\u0629 \u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u062d\u062f\u062b \u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.aljazeera.net\/encyclopedia\/2020\/9\/15\/%D8%A7%D8%AA%D9%81%D8%A7%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A5%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%87%D8%A7%D9%85-%D9%88%D8%AA%D8%B7%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%B9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D9%85%D8%B9\" title=\"142|Al Jazeera: Abraham Accords Details|Al Jazeera Network|2020\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[142]<\/a><\/sup>. \u0639\u0632\u0632\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646\u064a \u0645\u0639 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0641\u062a\u062d\u062a \u0622\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0628\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.worldbank.org\/en\/country\/israel\" title=\"143|World Bank: Abraham Accords Economic Impact|World Bank Group|2023\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[143]<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p>\n<p>\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062a\u0631 \u0645\u0639 \u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0634\u0623\u0646 \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0648\u064a \u0648\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0646\u0641\u0630\u062a \u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644 \u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0633\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0636\u0631\u0628\u0627\u062a \u062c\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u064f\u0632\u0639\u0645 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nationalgeographic.com\/history\/article\/iran-israel-shadow-war\" title=\"144|National Geographic: Iran-Israel Tensions|National Geographic Society|2021\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[144]<\/a><\/sup>. \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 2023\u060c \u0634\u0647\u062f\u062a \u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644 \u062a\u0635\u0627\u0639\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0627\u0639 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646\u060c \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0647\u062c\u0648\u0645 \u0645\u0641\u0627\u062c\u0626 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0634\u0646\u062a\u0647 \u062d\u0645\u0627\u0633 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u063a\u0632\u0629 \u0641\u064a 7 \u0623\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0628\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0623\u062f\u0649 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u063a\u0632\u0629<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/arabic\/world-middle-east-67051405\" title=\"145|BBC Arabic: October 7th Events|BBC News Arabic|2023\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[145]<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p>\n<p>\u0623\u062f\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062c\u0648\u0645 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0642\u062a\u0644 \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a 1,200 \u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0632 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 240 \u0631\u0647\u064a\u0646\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u062f\u0641\u0639 \u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u063a\u0632\u0629 \u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646\u062a \u0642\u0635\u0641\u064b\u0627 \u062c\u0648\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u0628\u0631\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.un.org\/unispal\/document\/auto-insert-201509\/\" title=\"146|UN: Gaza Conflict 2023 Casualties|United Nations|2023\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[146]<\/a><\/sup>. \u0623\u062b\u0627\u0631\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0645\u062e\u0627\u0648\u0641 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0641\u064a \u063a\u0632\u0629\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062a\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646 20,000 \u0628\u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0645 2023\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0633\u0628\u0628\u062a \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0647\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0648\u062a\u0647\u062c\u064a\u0631 \u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.aljazeera.net\/news\/2023\/12\/20\/%D8%A3%D9%83%D8%AB%D8%B1-%D9%85%D9%86-20-%D8%A3%D9%84%D9%81-%D8%B4%D9%87%D9%8A%D8%AF-%D8%A8%D8%BA%D8%B2%D8%A9-%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B1-%D9%8A%D8%B7%D8%A7%D9%84\" title=\"147|Al Jazeera: Gaza War Humanitarian Crisis 2023|Al Jazeera Network|2023\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[147]<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p>\n<p>\u062a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062c\u0632\u0621\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0642\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0633\u0637\u060c \u0648\u062a\u064f\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0646\u0642\u0627\u0637 \u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0639 \u062c\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/israel\/\" title=\"148|CIA World Factbook: Israel Regional Challenges|CIA|2023\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[148]<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p>\n<h2>\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0648\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645<\/h2>\n<p>\u062a\u064f\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644 \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0631\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u064f\u0633\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0646\u064a\u0633\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0628\u0631\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u063a\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u064a\u0636\u0645 120 \u0639\u0636\u0648\u064b\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0628\u0647\u0645 \u0643\u0644 \u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639 \u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/place\/Israel\/Government-and-society\" title=\"149|Britannica: Israel Government Structure|Encyclopaedia Britannica|2023\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[149]<\/a><\/sup>. \u064a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0647\u0648 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u064a\u062a\u0645\u062a\u0639 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633) \u0645\u0646\u0635\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u062e\u0631\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u062f \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/israel\/\" title=\"150|CIA World Factbook: Israel Political System|CIA|2023\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[150]<\/a><\/sup>. \u062a\u064f\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0632\u0627\u0628\u060c \u0648\u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0626\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0633\u0645\u062d \u0628\u062f\u062e\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0632\u0627\u0628 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0646\u064a\u0633\u062a<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nationalgeographic.com\/history\/article\/israel\" title=\"151|National Geographic: Israel Electoral System|National Geographic Society|2022\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[151]<\/a><\/sup>. \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0645\u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 &#8220;\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633&#8221; \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u062b\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/arabic\/world-middle-east-56987654\" title=\"152|BBC Arabic: Israel Basic Laws|BBC News Arabic|2021\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[152]<\/a><\/sup>. \u062a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0633 \u0639\u0627\u0635\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u0641\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062d\u0638\u0649 \u0628\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0641\u0638 \u0645\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0628\u0633\u0641\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0644 \u0623\u0628\u064a\u0628<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.un.org\/unispal\/document\/auto-insert-201509\/\" title=\"153|UN: Jerusalem Status International|United Nations|2020\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[153]<\/a><\/sup>. \u064a\u064f\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644\u064a \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a-\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.aljazeera.net\/encyclopedia\/2019\/5\/14\/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%86%D8%B8%D8%A7%D9%85-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%8A-%D9%81%D9%8A-%D8%A5%D8%B3%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%8A%D9%84\" title=\"154|Al Jazeera: Israel Political Challenges|Al Jazeera Network|2019\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[154]<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629<\/h3>\n<p>\u062a\u0641\u062a\u0642\u0631 \u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0628 \u0648\u0645\u0648\u062d\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0628\u062f\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 &#8220;\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633&#8221; (Basic Laws) \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0628\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u062c\u064a<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/place\/Israel\/Government-and-society\" title=\"155|Britannica: Israel&#039;s Basic Laws|Encyclopaedia Britannica|2023\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[155]<\/a><\/sup>. \u0628\u062f\u0623\u062a \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0635\u064a\u0627\u063a\u0629 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 1949\u060c \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0646 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/arabic\/world-middle-east-56987654\" title=\"156|BBC Arabic: Basic Laws Origin|BBC News Arabic|2021\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[156]<\/a><\/sup>. \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0628\u0631\u0632 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0646\u064a\u0633\u062a (1958)\u060c \u0648\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 (1964)\u060c \u0648\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 (2001)\u060c \u0648\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u0629 (1992)\u060c \u0648\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0643\u0631\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u062d\u0631\u064a\u062a\u0647 (1992)<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.un.org\/unispal\/document\/auto-insert-201509\/\" title=\"157|UN: Key Israeli Basic Laws|United Nations|2020\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[157]<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p>\n<p>\u064a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0646\u064a\u0633\u062a \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0628\u0631\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u063a\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u064a\u0636\u0645 120 \u0639\u0636\u0648\u064b\u0627 \u064a\u064f\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0628\u0648\u0646 \u0644\u0645\u062f\u0629 \u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639 \u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0632\u0628\u064a\u0629<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/israel\/\" title=\"158|CIA World Factbook: Knesset Structure|CIA|2023\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[158]<\/a><\/sup>. \u064a\u062a\u0645\u062a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0646\u064a\u0633\u062a \u0628\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639\u0629 \u062a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0633\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0628 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nationalgeographic.com\/history\/article\/israel\" title=\"159|National Geographic: Knesset Powers|National Geographic Society|2022\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[159]<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p>\n<p>\u062a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630\u064a\u0629) \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0634\u0624\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0648\u064a\u062a\u0631\u0623\u0633\u0647\u0627 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0632\u0639\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0632\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0646\u064a\u0633\u062a \u0623\u0648 \u0632\u0639\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0626\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0643\u0645<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.aljazeera.net\/encyclopedia\/2019\/5\/14\/%D9%86%D8%B8%D8%A7%D9%85-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D9%83%D9%85-%D9%81%D9%8A-%D8%A5%D8%B3%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%8A%D9%84\" title=\"160|Al Jazeera: Israeli Government Structure|Al Jazeera Network|2019\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[160]<\/a><\/sup>. \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062b\u0642\u0629 \u0623\u063a\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0639\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0646\u064a\u0633\u062a \u0644\u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0645\u0644\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0631\u0636\u0629 \u0644\u062d\u062c\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u064a \u0648\u0642\u062a<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/place\/Israel\/Government-and-society\" title=\"161|Britannica: Israeli Government Formation|Encyclopaedia Britannica|2023\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[161]<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p>\n<p>\u064a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633) \u0647\u0648 \u0631\u0623\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0646\u0635\u0628 \u0634\u0631\u0641\u064a \u064a\u064f\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0646\u064a\u0633\u062a \u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u062f\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0633\u0628\u0639 \u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0645 \u0631\u0645\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u062a\u0639\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0631\u0627\u0621<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/israel\/\" title=\"162|CIA World Factbook: Israel President Role|CIA|2023\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[162]<\/a><\/sup>. \u064a\u064f\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0636\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0626\u0646\u0627\u0641<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nationalgeographic.com\/history\/article\/israel\" title=\"163|National Geographic: Israel Judiciary System|National Geographic Society|2022\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[163]<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p>\n<p>\u062a\u062a\u0645\u062a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0623\u0633\u0633\u062a \u0639\u0627\u0645 1948\u060c \u0628\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u060c \u0648\u062a\u064f\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u062d\u0627\u0631\u0633\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/arabic\/world-middle-east-56987654\" title=\"164|BBC Arabic: Israel Supreme Court Powers|BBC News Arabic|2021\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[164]<\/a><\/sup>. \u062a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0633 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644 \u0628\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0628 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0623\u0635\u062f\u0631\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0646\u064a\u0633\u062a \u0639\u0627\u0645 1980\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0646 \u0623\u0646 &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0635\u0645\u0629 \u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644&#8221; <sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.aljazeera.net\/encyclopedia\/2019\/5\/14\/%D9%82%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%88%D9%86-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%D8%AF%D8%B3-%D9%81%D9%8A-%D8%A5%D8%B3%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%8A%D9%84\" title=\"165|Al Jazeera: Jerusalem Law 1980|Al Jazeera Network|2019\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[165]<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p>\n<p>\u0623\u062b\u0627\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u062c\u062f\u0644\u0627\u064b \u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0631\u0641 \u0645\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0633 \u0639\u0627\u0635\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644\u060c \u0648\u062a\u064f\u0628\u0642\u064a \u0633\u0641\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0644 \u0623\u0628\u064a\u0628\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0646\u0642\u0644\u062a \u0633\u0641\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0633 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 2017<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.un.org\/unispal\/document\/auto-insert-201509\/\" title=\"166|UN: International Recognition of Jerusalem|United Nations|2020\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[166]<\/a><\/sup>. \u064a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644 \u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0648\u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0645\u0643\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0628 \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0647\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.worldbank.org\/en\/country\/israel\" title=\"167|World Bank: Israel Civil Liberties|World Bank Group|2023\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[167]<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p>\n<p>\u062a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0644\u062c\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0645\u062b\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0632\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0646\u064a\u0633\u062a<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/israel\/\" title=\"168|CIA World Factbook: Israel Elections Body|CIA|2023\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[168]<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0632\u0627\u0628<\/h3>\n<figure class=\"geo-img-inline\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/7\/74\/Benjamin_Netanyahu%2C_February_2023.jpg\" alt=\"\u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644\" loading=\"lazy\"><figcaption>\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0646\u062a\u0646\u064a\u0627\u0647\u0648\u060c \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0648\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0633\u0639.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>\u062a\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0637 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0632\u0627\u0628 \u064a\u064f\u0646\u062a\u062c \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0626\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0623\u062d\u0632\u0627\u0628 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u064a \u062d\u0632\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u063a\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0646\u064a\u0633\u062a<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/place\/Israel\/Government-and-society\" title=\"169|Britannica: Israel Multi-Party System|Encyclopaedia Britannica|2023\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[169]<\/a><\/sup>. \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u062d\u0635\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0643\u0644 \u062d\u0632\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0646\u064a\u0633\u062a \u0628\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u062d\u062f \u0623\u062f\u0646\u0649 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0642\u0639\u062f \u064a\u0628\u0644\u063a 3.25% \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0648\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0645 \u0631\u0641\u0639\u0647 \u0645\u0646 2% \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 2014<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/arabic\/world-middle-east-56987654\" title=\"170|BBC Arabic: Israel Electoral Threshold|BBC News Arabic|2021\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[170]<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p>\n<p>\u062a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0643\u0631\u0631\u0629 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u064a\u064b\u0627\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0634\u0647\u062f\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f \u062e\u0645\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u064a 2019 \u06482022\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0648\u0635\u0639\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0626\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0629<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nationalgeographic.com\/history\/article\/israel\" title=\"171|National Geographic: Israel Frequent Elections|National Geographic Society|2022\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[171]<\/a><\/sup>. \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0628\u0631\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0632\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644 \u062d\u0632\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0643\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0646\u064a \u0628\u0632\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u0646\u064a\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0646\u062a\u0646\u064a\u0627\u0647\u0648\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u062d\u0632\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0646\u064a\u0633\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631\u0629<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.aljazeera.net\/encyclopedia\/2019\/5\/14\/%D8%AD%D8%B2%D8%A8-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%88%D8%AF-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%B3%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%8A%D9%84%D9%8A-%D9%86%D8%B4%D8%A3%D8%AA%D9%87-%D9%88%D8%A3%D9%87%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%81%D9%87\" title=\"172|Al Jazeera: Likud Party Overview|Al Jazeera Network|2019\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[172]<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p>\n<p>\u062a\u064f\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u062d\u0632\u0627\u0628 \u0648\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u064a\u0633\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 &#8220;\u064a\u0634 \u0639\u062a\u064a\u062f&#8221; (\u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644) \u0648\u062d\u0632\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u062d\u0632\u0627\u0628 \u062f\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0637\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 &#8220;\u0634\u0627\u0633&#8221; \u0648&#8221;\u064a\u0647\u062f\u0648\u062a \u0647\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0629&#8221; \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0644\u0639\u0628 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u062d\u0627\u0633\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0626\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/israel\/\" title=\"173|CIA World Factbook: Israel Political Parties|CIA|2023\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[173]<\/a><\/sup>. \u062a\u064f\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0632\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644\u060c \u0643\u062a\u0644\u0629 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0647\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632\u062a \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u062a\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0644\u0647\u0645 10% \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0646\u064a\u0633\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.un.org\/unispal\/document\/auto-insert-201509\/\" title=\"174|UN: Arab Representation in Knesset|United Nations|2020\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[174]<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p>\n<p>\u064a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u064a\u0645\u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u064a\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/place\/Israel\/Government-and-society\" title=\"175|Britannica: Prime Minister&#039;s Role in Israel|Encyclopaedia Britannica|2023\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[175]<\/a><\/sup>. \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0643\u0646\u064a\u0633\u062a \u0625\u0633\u0642\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0635\u0648\u064a\u062a \u0628\u062d\u062c\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0623\u063a\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629 61 \u0635\u0648\u062a\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0635\u0644 120 \u0639\u0636\u0648\u064b\u0627<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/arabic\/world-middle-east-56987654\" title=\"176|BBC Arabic: Knesset Vote of No Confidence|BBC News Arabic|2021\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[176]<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p>\n<p>\u062a\u062a\u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a-\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644\u064a\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0634\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nationalgeographic.com\/history\/article\/israel-politics\" title=\"177|National Geographic: Israel Politics and Conflict|National Geographic Society|2022\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[177]<\/a><\/sup>. \u062a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u062c\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u062c\u0632\u0621\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0634\u0647\u062f\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f \u0627\u062d\u062a\u062c\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 2023 \u0636\u062f \u062e\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0631\u062d\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.aljazeera.net\/news\/2023\/3\/25\/%D8%A5%D8%B3%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%8A%D9%84-%D9%85%D8%B8%D8%A7%D9%87%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%AD%D8%A7%D8%B4%D8%AF%D8%A9-%D8%B6%D8%AF-%D8%AE%D8%B7%D8%A9-%D9%86%D8%AA%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A7%D9%87%D9%88-%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%82%D9%88%D9%8A%D8%B6\" title=\"178|Al Jazeera: Israel Judicial Reform Protests|Al Jazeera Network|2023\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[178]<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p>\n<p>\u062a\u064f\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0632\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0637\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.worldbank.org\/en\/country\/israel\" title=\"179|World Bank: Israel Right-Wing Dominance|World Bank Group|2023\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[179]<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0648\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646<\/h3>\n<p>\u064a\u064f\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644 \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644 \u0648\u064a\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0632\u064a\u062c \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 (\u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a)\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u064a (\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0648\u062f\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u064a\u062d\u064a)\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0646\u064a\u0633\u062a \u0648\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/place\/Israel\/Justice\" title=\"180|Britannica: Israel Legal System Sources|Encyclopaedia Britannica|2023\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[180]<\/a><\/sup>. \u062a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0627 \u0647\u064a \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0644\u0637\u0629 \u0642\u0636\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0643\u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0626\u0646\u0627\u0641 \u0648\u0643\u0640&#8221;\u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0627&#8221; (High Court of Justice) \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u064f\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0627<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/israel\/\" title=\"181|CIA World Factbook: Israel Supreme Court Functions|CIA|2023\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[181]<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p>\n<p>\u064a\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629 (Magistrate Courts)\u060c \u0648\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u062d (District Courts)\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0627 (Supreme Court)\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0643\u0645 \u0645\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nationalgeographic.com\/history\/article\/israel\" title=\"182|National Geographic: Israel Court System Structure|National Geographic Society|2022\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[182]<\/a><\/sup>. \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0639\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0644\u062c\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0645\u062b\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u060c \u0644\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u062d\u064a\u0627\u062f\u064a\u062a\u0647<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/arabic\/world-middle-east-56987654\" title=\"183|BBC Arabic: Israel Judicial Appointments|BBC News Arabic|2021\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[183]<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p>\n<p>\u062a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0639\u0642\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0644\u060c \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.un.org\/unispal\/document\/auto-insert-201509\/\" title=\"184|UN: Israel Human Rights Concerns|United Nations|2020\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[184]<\/a><\/sup>. \u062a\u064f\u062f\u0627\u0641\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0633\u062c\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0645\u0634\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u0645\u064a \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u062a\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.worldbank.org\/en\/country\/israel\" title=\"185|World Bank: Israel Human Rights Stance|World Bank Group|2023\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[185]<\/a><\/sup>. \u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u062a\u064f\u0646\u062a\u0642\u062f \u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0643\u0631\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0627\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0632\u0639\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0648\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0647\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0632\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0637\u0646\u0627\u062a<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.aljazeera.net\/encyclopedia\/2019\/5\/14\/%D8%AD%D9%82%D9%88%D9%82-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D9%86%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%86-%D9%81%D9%8A-%D9%81%D9%84%D8%B3%D8%B7%D9%8A%D9%86-%D9%88%D8%A5%D8%B3%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%8A%D9%84\" title=\"186|Al Jazeera: Palestinian Human Rights Violations|Al Jazeera Network|2019\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[186]<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p>\n<p>\u064a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0643\u0631\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u062d\u0631\u064a\u062a\u0647 (1992) \u0648\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u0629 (1992) \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644\u060c \u0648\u062a\u064f\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0643\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0647\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/place\/Israel\/Government-and-society\" title=\"187|Britannica: Israel Human Rights Basic Laws|Encyclopaedia Britannica|2023\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[187]<\/a><\/sup>. \u062a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u064a\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062e\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0642\u0636\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0648\u0627\u062c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062b \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/israel\/\" title=\"188|CIA World Factbook: Israel Religious Courts|CIA|2023\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[188]<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p>\n<p>\u062a\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0644\u0636\u063a\u0648\u0637 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0623\u062b\u0627\u0631\u062a \u062e\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062a\u0631\u062d\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 2023 \u062c\u062f\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0645\u062e\u0627\u0648\u0641 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0642\u0648\u064a\u0636 \u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nationalgeographic.com\/history\/article\/israel-judicial-reform\" title=\"189|National Geographic: Israel Judicial Reform Controversy|National Geographic Society|2023\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[189]<\/a><\/sup>. \u062a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 &#8220;\u0628\u062a\u0633\u064a\u0644\u0645&#8221; \u0648&#8221;\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629&#8221;\u060c \u0646\u0627\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0631\u0635\u062f \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0627\u0643\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0646\u0647\u0627<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/arabic\/world-middle-east-56987654\" title=\"190|BBC Arabic: Israeli Human Rights NGOs|BBC News Arabic|2021\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[190]<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p>\n<p>\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u062a\u064f\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0645\u0641\u0648\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u064f\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u062a\u0642\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u062f\u0639\u0648 \u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.un.org\/unispal\/document\/auto-insert-201509\/\" title=\"191|UN: UN Human Rights Reports on Palestine|United Nations|2020\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[191]<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0634 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0645\u064a<\/h3>\n<figure class=\"geo-img-inline\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/3\/36\/IDF_Air_Defense_fighters_during_Operation_Guardian_of_the_Walls%2C_May_2021._I.jpg\" alt=\"\u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644\" loading=\"lazy\"><figcaption>\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u062f\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0635\u0627\u0631\u0648\u062e\u064a \u0645\u0636\u0627\u062f \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0641\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u060c \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>\u064a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644\u064a (IDF &#8211; Israel Defense Forces) \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0648\u064a\u064f\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0623\u0642\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0648\u0634 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0623\u0633\u0633 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 1948 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0646 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/place\/Israel\/Defense\" title=\"192|Britannica: Israel Defense Forces Overview|Encyclopaedia Britannica|2023\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[192]<\/a><\/sup>. \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0634 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0646\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0644\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0648\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0628\u0644\u0648\u063a\u0647\u0645 \u0633\u0646 18 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u064b\u0627\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0644\u0645\u062f\u0629 32 \u0634\u0647\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0621 \u0644\u0645\u062f\u0629 24 \u0634\u0647\u0631\u064b\u0627<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/israel\/\" title=\"193|CIA World Factbook: Israel Conscription Policy|CIA|2023\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[193]<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p>\n<p>\u064a\u064f\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0637 \u062c\u0632\u0621\u064b\u0627 \u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644\u064a\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0639\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0637\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0648\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u0627\u0631\u0626\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0634<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nationalgeographic.com\/history\/article\/israel\" title=\"194|National Geographic: Israel Reserve Forces|National Geographic Society|2022\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[194]<\/a><\/sup>. \u062a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0645\u064a\u0632\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0643\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0628\u0644\u063a\u062a \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a 4.5% \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 2022<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.worldbank.org\/en\/country\/israel\" title=\"195|World Bank: Israel Defense Spending|World Bank Group|2023\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[195]<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p>\n<p>\u064a\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0647\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u062d\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.aljazeera.net\/encyclopedia\/2019\/5\/14\/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%85%D9%86-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%D9%88%D9%85%D9%8A-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%B3%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%8A%D9%84%D9%8A\" title=\"196|Al Jazeera: Israel National Security Doctrine|Al Jazeera Network|2019\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[196]<\/a><\/sup>. \u062a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629 (IAF) \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u060c \u0648\u062a\u064f\u0634\u063a\u0644 \u0637\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0642\u0627\u062a\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 F-35 \u0648F-16\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0633\u0637\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0637\u064a\u0627\u0631<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/arabic\/world-middle-east-56987654\" title=\"197|BBC Arabic: Israel Air Force Capabilities|BBC News Arabic|2021\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[197]<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p>\n<p>\u062a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0627\u062d\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u064f\u0634\u063a\u0644 \u0633\u0641\u0646 \u0635\u0648\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0648\u063a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0627\u062a \u062a\u064f\u0639\u062a\u0642\u062f \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0642\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0623\u0633\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0646\u0648\u0648\u064a\u0629<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/place\/Israel\/Defense\" title=\"198|Britannica: Israel Naval Forces|Encyclopaedia Britannica|2023\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[198]<\/a><\/sup>. \u062a\u064f\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0633\u0627\u062f (\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629) \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0628\u0627\u0643 (\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629)\u060c \u062c\u0632\u0621\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u062c\u0632\u0623 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0645\u064a \u0648\u062a\u064f\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0648\u0649 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nationalgeographic.com\/history\/article\/mossad\" title=\"199|National Geographic: Mossad and Shin Bet|National Geographic Society|2022\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[199]<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p>\n<p>\u064a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u0631\u0648\u062e\u064a &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629&#8221; (Iron Dome) \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0623\u0628\u0631\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0641\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631\u0647 \u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0642\u0635\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0648\u0642\u0630\u0627\u0626\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0646\u062c\u062d \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u0622\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0639\u0627\u0645 2011<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/israel\/\" title=\"200|CIA World Factbook: Iron Dome Effectiveness|CIA|2023\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[200]<\/a><\/sup>. \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062a\u0645\u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644 \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u062f\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0635\u0627\u0631\u0648\u062e\u064a \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062b\u0644 &#8220;\u0645\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0639 \u062f\u0627\u0648\u0648\u062f&#8221; (David&#8217;s Sling) \u0648&#8221;\u0622\u0631\u0648&#8221; (Arrow) \u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0629 \u0648\u0628\u0639\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0649<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/arabic\/world-middle-east-56987654\" title=\"201|BBC Arabic: Israel Missile Defense Systems|BBC News Arabic|2021\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[201]<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p>\n<p>\u062a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0644\u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646\u060c \u0648\u062a\u064f\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0633\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u0631 \u0628\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0641\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.worldbank.org\/en\/country\/israel\" title=\"202|World Bank: US-Israel Military Aid|World Bank Group|2023\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[202]<\/a><\/sup>. \u062a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u063a\u0627\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u064f\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0641\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0637\u064a\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.aljazeera.net\/economy\/2019\/5\/14\/%D8%B5%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%B9%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%A9-%D9%81%D9%8A-%D8%A5%D8%B3%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%8A%D9<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0633\u0637<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":338,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[45,47],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-339","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-45","category-47"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/cosmalore.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/339","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/cosmalore.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/cosmalore.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cosmalore.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cosmalore.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=339"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/cosmalore.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/339\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cosmalore.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/338"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/cosmalore.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=339"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cosmalore.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=339"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cosmalore.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=339"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}