{"id":3040,"date":"2026-06-15T14:45:31","date_gmt":"2026-06-15T11:15:31","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/cosmalore.com\/ar\/?p=3040"},"modified":"2026-06-15T14:45:31","modified_gmt":"2026-06-15T11:15:31","slug":"%d8%ad%d8%b1%d8%a8-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a7%d8%b3%d8%aa%d9%82%d9%84%d8%a7%d9%84-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%aa%d8%b1%d9%83%d9%8a%d8%a9","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/cosmalore.com\/ar\/wiki\/%d8%ad%d8%b1%d8%a8-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a7%d8%b3%d8%aa%d9%82%d9%84%d8%a7%d9%84-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%aa%d8%b1%d9%83%d9%8a%d8%a9\/","title":{"rendered":"\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0629"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>\n\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u2014 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0648\u0641\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0627 \u0628\u0640\u00ab\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u00bb (Kurtulu\u015f Sava\u015f\u0131) \u0623\u0648 \u00ab\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629\u00bb (Mill\u00ee M\u00fccadele)\u060c \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0640\u00ab\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0629\u00bb (Turkish War of Independence) \u2014 \u0646\u0632\u0627\u0639\u064c \u0645\u0633\u0644\u062d \u062b\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0628\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0645\u062a\u062f\u0651 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0633\u0639 \u0639\u0634\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0627\u064a\u0648 1919 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u064a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0648 1923\u060c \u062e\u0627\u0636\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a \u0628\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0635\u0637\u0641\u0649 \u0643\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u0627 \u0636\u062f \u0642\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u0635\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0628\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0648\u0642\u0641 \u062a\u0642\u0633\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0636\u0648\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u0637\u0646 \u0642\u0648\u0645\u064a \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644.<br \/>\n<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Kemal-Ataturk\/The-nationalist-movement-and-the-war-for-independence\" title=\"1|Kemal Atat\u00fcrk \u2014 The Nationalist Movement and the War for Independence|Encyclopaedia Britannica|2024\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[1]<\/a><\/sup><br \/>\n\u0646\u0628\u0639\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0632\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0645\u0651\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0637\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0639\u0642\u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u062f\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0648\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0628\u0631 1918 \u0648\u0623\u062d\u0643\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0647\u062f\u0629 \u0633\u064a\u0641\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064f\u062c\u062d\u0641\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u063a\u0633\u0637\u0633 1920 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0642\u0636\u062a \u0628\u062a\u0645\u0632\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0636\u0648\u0644 \u0648\u062a\u0642\u0633\u064a\u0645 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0628\u0642\u0651\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0637\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u0627 \u0648\u0625\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0623\u0631\u0645\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0627\u061b \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0643\u0627\u0645 \u0635\u0627\u0631\u062e\u0629\u064b \u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u064a\u0642\u0638\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0633\u0628\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0648\u0623\u0644\u0647\u0628\u062a \u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0634\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u0644\u0628\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0647\u062f \u0643\u0644\u0647. \u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0635\u0637\u0641\u0649 \u0643\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639 \u062c\u0628\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645\u0646\u0629: \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628 \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0646\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0648\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628\u060c \u0641\u0636\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0633\u0637\u0646\u0628\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0648\u0642\u0651\u0639\u062a \u0633\u064a\u0641\u0631 \u0648\u0642\u0628\u0644\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0644. \u0628\u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u0633\u0628\u062a\u0645\u0628\u0631 1922 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u062f \u0623\u0646\u062c\u0632\u062a \u0637\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0636\u0648\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062c\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0651\u062c\u0647 \u062a\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0632\u0645\u064a\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0625\u0633\u062f\u0627\u0644 \u0633\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u062e\u0644\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0641\u0627\u0648\u0636\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0648\u0632\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u062a \u0628\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0647\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0648\u0632\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u064a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0648 1923\u060c \u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0647\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u0636 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0632\u0648\u0645 \u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0633 \u0648\u064a\u0646\u062a\u0632\u0639 \u0634\u0631\u0648\u0637\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0650\u0651\u0641\u0629. \u0623\u064f\u0639\u0644\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0633\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0628\u0631 1923 \u0628\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0645\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0642\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0645\u064f\u0633\u062f\u0650\u0644\u0629\u064b \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064e \u0646\u0647\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u062a \u0642\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u064f\u0624\u0633\u0650\u0651\u0633\u0629\u064b \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629\u064b \u0642\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0623\u062a\u0627\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0643.<br \/>\n<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-hccc-worldhistory2\/chapter\/ataturk-and-turkish-independence\/\" title=\"2|Atat\u00fcrk and Turkish Independence|Lumen Learning \u2014 History of Western Civilization II|2023\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[2]<\/a><\/sup>\n<\/p>\n<div class=\"infobox\">\n<table>\n<tr class=\"ib-sec\">\n<td colspan=\"2\">\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0629 (1919\u20131923)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"ib-row\">\n<td class=\"ib-label\">\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<td class=\"ib-val\">Kurtulu\u015f Sava\u015f\u0131 \u2014 \u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0631 \/ Mill\u00ee M\u00fccadele \u2014 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"ib-row\">\n<td class=\"ib-label\">\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<td class=\"ib-val\">Turkish War of Independence \/ Greco-Turkish War (1919\u20131922)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"ib-row\">\n<td class=\"ib-label\">\u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<td class=\"ib-val\">19 \u0645\u0627\u064a\u0648 1919 \u2013 24 \u064a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0648 1923<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"ib-row\">\n<td class=\"ib-label\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a<\/td>\n<td class=\"ib-val\">\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0636\u0648\u0644\u060c \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062c\u0628\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0642\u0627\u0632<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"ib-sec\">\n<td colspan=\"2\">\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"ib-row\">\n<td class=\"ib-label\">\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a<\/td>\n<td class=\"ib-val\">\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u2014 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u0649 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0646\u0642\u0631\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"ib-row\">\n<td class=\"ib-label\">\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0628\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<td class=\"ib-val\">\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646\u0627\u0646 (\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0628\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 1919\u20131922)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"ib-row\">\n<td class=\"ib-label\">\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0628\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<td class=\"ib-val\">\u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0631\u0645\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0627 (1920)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"ib-row\">\n<td class=\"ib-label\">\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0628\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<td class=\"ib-val\">\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u0627 \u2014 \u062b\u0645 \u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642 \u0623\u0646\u0642\u0631\u0629 (1921)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"ib-row\">\n<td class=\"ib-label\">\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631<\/td>\n<td class=\"ib-val\">\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0625\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0633\u0637\u0646\u0628\u0648\u0644 \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"ib-sec\">\n<td colspan=\"2\">\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0648\u0646<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"ib-row\">\n<td class=\"ib-label\">\u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<td class=\"ib-val\">\u0645\u0635\u0637\u0641\u0649 \u0643\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u062a\u0627\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0643 (\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649) \/ \u0639\u0635\u0645\u062a \u0625\u064a\u0646\u0648\u0646\u0648 (\u0642\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0628\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629) \/ \u0641\u0648\u0632\u064a \u062a\u0634\u0627\u0642\u0645\u0627\u0642 (\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0643\u0627\u0646)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"ib-row\">\n<td class=\"ib-label\">\u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<td class=\"ib-val\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643 \u0642\u0633\u0637\u0646\u0637\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \/ \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0631\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u0646\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0648\u0633 \u0628\u0627\u0628\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0633 \/ \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0631\u0627\u0644 \u062c\u0648\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0648\u0633 \u0647\u0627\u062a\u0632\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0633<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"ib-sec\">\n<td colspan=\"2\">\u0623\u0628\u0631\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0643<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"ib-row\">\n<td class=\"ib-label\">\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0643\u062a\u0627 \u0625\u064a\u0646\u0648\u0646\u0648<\/td>\n<td class=\"ib-val\">\u064a\u0646\u0627\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0623\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0644 1921 \u2014 \u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0628\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"ib-row\">\n<td class=\"ib-label\">\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0642\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<td class=\"ib-val\">23 \u0623\u063a\u0633\u0637\u0633 \u2013 13 \u0633\u0628\u062a\u0645\u0628\u0631 1921 \u2014 \u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0651\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u0649<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"ib-row\">\n<td class=\"ib-label\">\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u062f\u0648\u0645\u0644\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0631<\/td>\n<td class=\"ib-val\">26\u201330 \u0623\u063a\u0633\u0637\u0633 1922 \u2014 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062c\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0636\u064a<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"ib-row\">\n<td class=\"ib-label\">\u062a\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0632\u0645\u064a\u0631<\/td>\n<td class=\"ib-val\">9 \u0633\u0628\u062a\u0645\u0628\u0631 1922 \u2014 \u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0636\u0648\u0644<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"ib-sec\">\n<td colspan=\"2\">\u0627\u0644\u0648\u062b\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"ib-row\">\n<td class=\"ib-label\">\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0647\u062f\u0629 \u0633\u064a\u0641\u0631 (\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0641\u0648\u0636\u0629)<\/td>\n<td class=\"ib-val\">10 \u0623\u063a\u0633\u0637\u0633 1920 \u2014 \u0642\u0636\u062a \u0628\u062a\u0642\u0633\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0636\u0648\u0644<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"ib-row\">\n<td class=\"ib-label\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u062b\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a<\/td>\n<td class=\"ib-val\">\u0641\u0628\u0631\u0627\u064a\u0631 1920 \u2014 \u062d\u062f\u0651\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0627\u0645\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"ib-row\">\n<td class=\"ib-label\">\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0647\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0648\u0632\u0627\u0646<\/td>\n<td class=\"ib-val\">24 \u064a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0648 1923 \u2014 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"ib-row\">\n<td class=\"ib-label\">\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<td class=\"ib-val\">29 \u0623\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0628\u0631 1923 \u2014 \u0648\u0644\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"ib-sec\">\n<td colspan=\"2\">\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"ib-row\">\n<td class=\"ib-label\">\u0627\u0644\u0636\u062d\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0643<\/td>\n<td class=\"ib-val\">\u0646\u062d\u0648 13,000 \u0642\u062a\u064a\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0643 + \u062e\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"ib-row\">\n<td class=\"ib-label\">\u0627\u0644\u0636\u062d\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0646<\/td>\n<td class=\"ib-val\">\u0646\u062d\u0648 24,000 \u0642\u062a\u064a\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0643<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"ib-row\">\n<td class=\"ib-label\">\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646 (\u0644\u0648\u0632\u0627\u0646)<\/td>\n<td class=\"ib-val\">1.1 \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0631\u0648\u0645 \u0623\u0631\u062b\u0648\u0630\u0643\u0633\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646\u0627\u0646 \/ 380,000 \u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0627<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/table>\n<div class=\"ib-foot\">COSMALORE \u00b7 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0633\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h2>\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0629<\/h2>\n<h3>\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0637\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u2014 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0636 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0627\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631<\/h3>\n<p>\n\u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0643\u0646 \u062f\u062e\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0637\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0623\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0633\u0627 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1914 \u0645\u063a\u0627\u0645\u0631\u0629\u064b \u0637\u0627\u0626\u0634\u0629 \u0641\u062d\u0633\u0628\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0631\u0647\u0627\u0646\u0627\u064b \u0642\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0635\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0641\u0642\u062f\u062a \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0637\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0631\u0647\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629. \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062a\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0647\u062f\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0648\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0628\u0631 1918 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u064f\u0630\u0639\u0646\u062a \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0637 \u0645\u0646\u062d\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0621 \u062d\u0642 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u064a \u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u064a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646\u060c \u0648\u062f\u062e\u0644\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0628\u0631 1918 \u0633\u0641\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0636\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0633\u0641\u0648\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u063a\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0642\u0648\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0633\u0637\u0646\u0628\u0648\u0644 \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0636\u0648\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u062e\u0631\u064a\u0641 1918 \u0648\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0639 1919. \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0635\u0627\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0646\u0629\u061b \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0639\u0627\u0635\u0645\u0629 \u0625\u0645\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0637\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0645\u062a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628 \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0636\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0634\u0648\u0627\u0631\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0641\u0646\u0627\u062f\u0642\u0647\u0627 \u0636\u0628\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u0635\u0631\u0629. \u0648\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0631\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0631\u0646\u0648\u0644\u062f \u062a\u0648\u064a\u0646\u0628\u064a \u0645\u0634\u0647\u062f \u062f\u062e\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0631\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a \u0641\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0634\u064a \u062f\u064a\u0633\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0647 \u0625\u0633\u0637\u0646\u0628\u0648\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0641\u0628\u0631\u0627\u064a\u0631 1919 \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0647 \u062d\u0645\u0644 \u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0632\u0627\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0635\u0631\u064a\u062d\u0629 \u2014 \u0645\u0648\u0643\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u062a\u062d \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0622\u0644\u062a \u0645\u0646\u0630 \u062e\u0645\u0633\u0629 \u0642\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u062a\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a.<br \/>\n<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/event\/Treaty-of-Sevres\" title=\"3|Treaty of S\u00e8vres|Encyclopaedia Britannica|2024\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[3]<\/a><\/sup>\n<\/p>\n<h3>\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0647\u062f\u0629 \u0633\u064a\u0641\u0631 \u2014 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0650\u0651\u0633\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0629<\/h3>\n<p>\n\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0634\u0631 \u0645\u0646 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\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u00ab\u0646\u0637\u0642\u00bb (Nutuk): \u00ab\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u063a\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0631\u0629. \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0643\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u064a\u062c\u0631\u0641\u0647\u0627. \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0627 \u0628\u062f\u0651 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u064a\u064f\u0645\u0633\u0643 \u0628\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u064a\u0642\u0644\u0628 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0647\u00bb.<br \/>\n<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/worldhistoryedu.com\/turkish-war-of-independence\/\" title=\"5|Turkish War of Independence|World History Edu|2024\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[5]<\/a><\/sup>\n<\/p>\n<h2>\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 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\u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0642\u0648\u0637 \u0625\u0633\u0637\u0646\u0628\u0648\u0644\u061b \u0648\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0633\u0645\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0645\u0648\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0627\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0643. \u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0643\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0646\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0644\u062a\u0642\u064a: \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u064a\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u062a\u0642\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u0649\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0634\u0639\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0628\u064a \u0648\u062a\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0631\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0642\u0648\u0645\u064a.<br \/>\n<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ebsco.com\/research-starters\/history\/turkish-war-independence\" title=\"6|Turkish War of Independence|EBSCO Research Starters|2024\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[6]<\/a><\/sup>\n<\/p>\n<h3>\u0645\u0624\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0627 \u0623\u0631\u0636\u0631\u0648\u0645 \u0648\u0633\u064a\u0641\u0627\u0633 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 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\u0644\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0629: \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0636\u0648\u0644 \u0648\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u063a\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0629. \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0625\u0633\u0637\u0646\u0628\u0648\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633 1920 \u0648\u0646\u0641\u0648\u0627 \u0632\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0631\u062f\u0651 \u0645\u0635\u0637\u0641\u0649 \u0643\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u062a\u0623\u0633\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u0649 (B\u00fcy\u00fck Millet Meclisi) \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0646\u0642\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0644 1920 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0646\u062a \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0631\u0641\u0636\u062a \u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0647\u062f\u0629 \u0633\u064a\u0641\u0631. \u0628\u0627\u062a \u0643\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u064a\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u062d\u0631\u0628\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0628\u0647\u062a\u064e\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u064a\u062a\u064e\u064a\u0646: \u062c\u0628\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062a\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0636\u0648\u0644 \u0648\u062c\u0628\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0646\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0633\u0637\u0646\u0628\u0648\u0644.<br \/>\n<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-worldhistory\/chapter\/34-1-3-ataturk-and-turkish-independence\/\" title=\"2|Atat\u00fcrk and Turkish Independence|Lumen Learning|2023\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[2]<\/a><\/sup>\n<\/p>\n<h2>\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0628\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u2014 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629<\/h2>\n<p>\n\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u062a\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628\u060c \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a 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rel=\"noopener\">[6]<\/a><\/sup>\n<\/p>\n<h2>\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0628\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u2014 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0633\u062d\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a<\/h2>\n<p>\n\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0644\u0651\u062a \u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u0627 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0636\u0648\u0644 \u0648\u0643\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0627 (\u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a) \u0628\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0628 \u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0633\u0627\u064a\u0643\u0633-\u0628\u064a\u0643\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062a\u064a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u0639\u0642\u0628\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628\u060c 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\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0628\u0625\u064a\u0646\u0648\u0646\u0648 \u062a\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0647.<br \/>\n<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/origins.osu.edu\/milestones\/may-2019-greco-turkish-war-smyrna-sakarya-kemal-ottoman\" title=\"7|The Greco-Turkish War|Origins \u2014 Ohio State University|2019\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[7]<\/a><\/sup>\n<\/p>\n<h3>\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0642\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u2014 \u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0651\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u0649<\/h3>\n<p>\n\u0641\u064a \u0635\u064a\u0641 1921\u060c \u0634\u0646\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0647\u062c\u0648\u0645\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0642 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0623\u0646\u0642\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0635\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 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\u062a\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0631.<br \/>\n<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/event\/Greco-Turkish-wars\" title=\"8|Greco-Turkish Wars|Encyclopaedia Britannica|2024\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[8]<\/a><\/sup>\n<\/p>\n<h3>\u0627\u0644\u0647\u062c\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u062f\u0648\u0645\u0644\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0631<\/h3>\n<p>\n\u0641\u064a \u0623\u0639\u0642\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0642\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0631\u0651 \u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u064a \u0623\u0645\u0636\u0627\u0647 \u0645\u0635\u0637\u0641\u0649 \u0643\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u062a 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href=\"https:\/\/origins.osu.edu\/milestones\/may-2019-greco-turkish-war-smyrna-sakarya-kemal-ottoman\" title=\"7|The Greco-Turkish War|Origins \u2014 Ohio State University|2019\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[7]<\/a><\/sup>\n<\/p>\n<h3>\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0625\u0632\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0625\u062c\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646<\/h3>\n<p>\n\u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u062a\u0635\u0641 \u0633\u0628\u062a\u0645\u0628\u0631 1922 \u0627\u0646\u062f\u0644\u0639 \u062d\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0636\u062e\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0632\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u062a\u0649 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u0623\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u063a\u0636\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u064a\u0627\u0645\u061b \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0632\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u0628\u0633\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0631 \u062c\u062f\u0644 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a \u062d\u0627\u062f 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\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0628\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0627<\/h3>\n<p>\n\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0646\u0648\u0641\u0645\u0628\u0631 1922 \u0648\u064a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0648 1923\u060c \u0627\u0646\u0639\u0642\u062f\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0644\u0648\u0632\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u064a\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0641\u0627\u0648\u0636\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0645\u062b\u0651\u0644 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0648\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a \u0639\u0635\u0645\u062a \u0625\u064a\u0646\u0648\u0646\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629\u064e \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062a\u0631\u0641 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a. \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0648\u0636\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0635\u0639\u0628 \u0648\u0623\u0637\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0641\u0627\u0648\u0636\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a\u061b \u0648\u0635\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0623\u0646 \u0625\u064a\u0646\u0648\u0646\u0648 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u064a\u064f\u0639\u0627\u0645\u064e\u0644 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0643\u0645\u0646\u062a\u0635\u0631 \u0644\u0627 \u0643\u0645\u0647\u0632\u0648\u0645 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u0635\u0645\u0651\u0627\u064b \u062c\u0632\u0626\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0641\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u064a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0644\u064a\u0643\u0633\u0628 \u0648\u0642\u062a\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631. \u0648\u064f\u0642\u0650\u0651\u0639\u062a \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0647\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0648\u0632\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u064a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0648 1923\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0647\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0646\u062c\u062d \u0637\u0631\u0641 \u0641\u064a \u0631\u0641\u0636\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u0636 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0631 \u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a. \u0623\u0644\u063a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0647\u062f\u0629 \u0633\u064a\u0641\u0631 \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0648\u0631\u0633\u0651\u062e\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0636\u0648\u0644 \u0648\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0625\u0633\u0637\u0646\u0628\u0648\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u0627\u0626\u0642\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0639\u0627\u062f\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0644\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0642\u064a\u0648\u062f \u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0644\u064a\u062d\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0641\u0631\u0636 \u0623\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0648\u064a\u0636\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0627.<br \/>\n<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.encyclopedia.com\/history\/modern-europe\/turkish-and-ottoman-history\/treaty-lausanne\" title=\"9|Treaty of Lausanne|Encyclopedia.com|2023\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[9]<\/a><\/sup>\n<\/p>\n<h3>\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u2014 \u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0648\u0628<\/h3>\n<p>\n\u0646\u0635\u0651\u062a \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0647\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0648\u0632\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0633\u0631\u064a \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646: \u063a\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0636\u0648\u0644 \u0646\u062d\u0648 1.1 \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646 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\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0628\u064e\u064a\u0646\u061b \u062e\u0644\u0651\u0641\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0634\u062a\u064f\u0647\u0631 \u0628\u0640\u00ab\u062c\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u062c\u0626\u064a\u0646\u00bb \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0623\u062b\u0628\u062a\u062a \u0623\u062c\u064a\u0627\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0639\u0645\u0642 \u0623\u062b\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0642\u0649 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u064a \u062c\u064a\u0644 \u0622\u062e\u0631. \u0645\u062b\u0651\u0644\u062a \u0644\u0648\u0632\u0627\u0646 \u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u064f\u0642\u0646\u064e\u0651\u0646 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0641\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0651\u0645 \u0628\u062f\u064a\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0623\u062b\u0627\u0631\u062a \u2014 \u0648\u062a\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u2014 \u062c\u062f\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0623\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0627\u064b \u062d\u0627\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0631\u062e\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0641\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a.<br \/>\n<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-worldhistory\/chapter\/34-1-3-ataturk-and-turkish-independence\/\" title=\"2|Atat\u00fcrk and Turkish Independence|Lumen Learning|2023\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[2]<\/a><\/sup>\n<\/p>\n<h2>\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/h2>\n<p>\n\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0633\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0628\u0631 1923\u060c \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u0649 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0646\u0642\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629\u064e \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0646\u062a\u064f\u062e\u0628 \u0645\u0635\u0637\u0641\u0649 \u0643\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639. \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0623\u0646\u0642\u0631\u0629 \u2014 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0636\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0643\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0635\u0645\u0629\u064b \u2014 \u0631\u0645\u0632\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0642\u0637\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0625\u0633\u0637\u0646\u0628\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0632\u0645\u0648\u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0623\u062b\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0648\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0646\u0628\u064a. \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633 1924\u060c \u0623\u0644\u063a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629\u064f \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0629\u064e \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0646\u0641\u062a \u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f\u060c \u0637\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629\u064b \u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0641\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0636\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a. \u0627\u0646\u0637\u0644\u0642 \u0623\u062a\u0627\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u064a \u0631\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0633\u0628\u0648\u0642: \u0627\u0633\u062a\u064f\u0628\u062f\u0644\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u062c\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1928\u060c \u0648\u0623\u064f\u0644\u063a\u064a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062d\u0644\u0651\u062a \u0645\u062d\u0644\u0651\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0643\u0645 \u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u064a\u0633\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0623\u064f\u0644\u063a\u064a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0645\u064f\u0646\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0621 \u062d\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0648\u064a\u062a \u0639\u0627\u0645 1934 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u0642\u062f \u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u064f\u0628\u062f\u0644\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0623\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0627\u0626\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062c\u064f\u0631\u0650\u0651\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u0627\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0629. \u0639\u064f\u0631\u0641 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0628\u0640\u00ab\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629\u00bb (Kemalizm) \u0648\u062c\u0633\u0651\u062f\u062a\u0647 \u0633\u062a\u0629 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0626: \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u062a\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629.<br \/>\n<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/tc-america.org\/issues-information\/turkish-history\/the-treaty-of-lausanne-116.htm\" title=\"10|The Treaty of Lausanne: Turkey&#039;s International Recognition|Turkish-American Relations|2023\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[10]<\/a><\/sup>\n<\/p>\n<h2>\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0631\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0636\u0627\u0631\u064a<\/h2>\n<p>\n\u062a\u064f\u0639\u062f\u0651 \u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0628\u0631\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0631\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u060c \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 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\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0631\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0645\u0651\u0645\u0629 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u0637\u064a\u0639 \u0625\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0621\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0631\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0629. \u0623\u0644\u0647\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0633 \u062d\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0631\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0622\u0633\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0623\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0636\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u0648\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0647\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629. \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0639\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u060c \u0623\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0625\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0635\u062f\u0645\u0629\u064b \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062c\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u061b \u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0632\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0635\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0644\u0625\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0630\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0627\u062f\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u062c\u062f\u0648\u0649. \u0648\u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0639\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0641\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0632\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0631\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u064a\u0651\u0629\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0631\u0629: \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u064a\u0631\u0649 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0635\u0645\u0651\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a\u064a \u0648\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0622\u062e\u0631 \u064a\u0631\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u0631\u0636\u062a \u0642\u0637\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0642\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0648\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0637\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629.<br \/>\n<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/foreignpolicy.com\/2015\/08\/10\/sykes-picot-treaty-of-sevres-modern-turkey-middle-east-borders-turkey\/\" title=\"11|Forget Sykes-Picot. It&#039;s the Treaty of S\u00e8vres That Explains the Modern Middle East|Foreign Policy|2015\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[11]<\/a><\/sup>\n<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>\n\u00ab\u0623\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0643\u060c \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0639\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0633\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0639\u0628\u064a \u0648\u062c\u0647\u0648\u062f\u064a\u060c \u0644\u0645 \u0623\u0633\u0639\u064e \u064a\u0648\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0634\u064a\u0621 \u0633\u0648\u0649 \u062e\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f. \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u0647 \u0623\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0646 \u0647\u0648 \u062a\u0648\u0631\u064a\u062b \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u0647\u0645 \u0623\u0642\u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0623\u062c\u062f\u0631. \u0625\u0646\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f \u0641\u064a \u064a\u062f \u0623\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0626\u0647\u0627.\u00bb<br \/>\n<strong>\u2014 \u0645\u0635\u0637\u0641\u0649 \u0643\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u062a\u0627\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0643\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0637\u0642 (Nutuk)\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064f\u0644\u0642\u0649 \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u0649\u060c 1927<\/strong>\n<\/p><\/blockquote>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0633\u0642\u0637\u062a \u0633\u064a\u0641\u0631 \u0648\u0623\u0633\u0651\u0633\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":3039,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[156,174],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-3040","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-al-tarikh","category-al-hurub-wal-maarik"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/cosmalore.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3040","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/cosmalore.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/cosmalore.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cosmalore.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cosmalore.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3040"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/cosmalore.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3040\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3041,"href":"https:\/\/cosmalore.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3040\/revisions\/3041"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cosmalore.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/3039"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/cosmalore.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3040"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cosmalore.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3040"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cosmalore.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3040"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}