{"id":3032,"date":"2026-06-15T14:39:38","date_gmt":"2026-06-15T11:09:38","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/cosmalore.com\/ar\/?p=3032"},"modified":"2026-06-15T14:41:26","modified_gmt":"2026-06-15T11:11:26","slug":"%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ad%d8%b1%d8%a8-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b3%d9%88%d9%81%d9%8a%d8%aa%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d9%81%d9%8a-%d8%a3%d9%81%d8%ba%d8%a7%d9%86%d8%b3%d8%aa%d8%a7%d9%86","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/cosmalore.com\/ar\/wiki\/%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ad%d8%b1%d8%a8-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b3%d9%88%d9%81%d9%8a%d8%aa%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d9%81%d9%8a-%d8%a3%d9%81%d8%ba%d8%a7%d9%86%d8%b3%d8%aa%d8%a7%d9%86\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0641\u064a\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0641\u063a\u0627\u0646\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>\n\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0641\u064a\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0641\u063a\u0627\u0646\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u2014 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\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0645\u0633 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u062f\u064a\u0633\u0645\u0628\u0631 1979 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0645\u0633 \u0639\u0634\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0641\u0628\u0631\u0627\u064a\u0631 1989\u060c \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u063a\u0632\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0641\u064a\u062a\u064a \u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0641\u063a\u0627\u0646\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u0648\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u062d \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f.<br \/>\n<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/event\/Soviet-invasion-of-Afghanistan\" title=\"1|Soviet invasion of Afghanistan|Encyclopaedia Britannica|2024\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[1]<\/a><\/sup><br \/>\n\u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0623\u0641\u063a\u0627\u0646\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0642\u062f \u0639\u0627\u0634\u062a \u0627\u0646\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0628\u0627\u064b \u0634\u064a\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0627\u064b \u062f\u0645\u0648\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0644 1978 \u0623\u0648\u0635\u0644 \u062d\u0632\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a (\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0632\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u0648\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u063a\u0627\u0646\u064a) \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0629\u060c \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0633\u0631\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0625\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0623\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0623\u0634\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0636\u0627\u062a \u0642\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062f\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0631\u062c\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f. \u0634\u0639\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0641\u064a\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0631\u064a\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u062e\u0631\u062c \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0637\u0631\u0629 \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u063a\u062a\u0627\u0644 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u062d\u0641\u064a\u0638 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0623\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064e\u0647 \u0646\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0642\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0628\u062a\u0645\u0628\u0631 1979\u060c \u0641\u0623\u0637\u0644\u0642 \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0641\u064a\u062a\u064a \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u00ab\u0645\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0628\u0631\u064a\u062c\u0646\u064a\u0641\u00bb \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0628\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0641\u064a\u062a\u064a \u0644\u0646 \u064a\u0633\u0645\u062d \u0628\u0633\u0642\u0648\u0637 \u0623\u064a \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0634\u064a\u0648\u0639\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0643\u064a\u0629. \u0642\u0636\u062a \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629\u064f \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0632\u0648 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u064a\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u062a\u0635\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647 \u0648\u0646\u0635\u0651\u0628\u062a \u0628\u062f\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646\u0647 \u0628\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0643 \u0643\u0627\u0631\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0623\u0638\u0647\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0646\u0628\u064a \u0628\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0635\u0631\u064a\u062d\u0629 \u0645\u064f\u0633\u0647\u0645\u0629\u064b \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0623\u062c\u064a\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629. \u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0641\u064a\u062a\u064a (\u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639\u0648\u0646) \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629\u064b \u0634\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0647\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u063a\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0644\u0642\u0651\u0648\u0627 \u062f\u0639\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0648\u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0643\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627\u064b \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0633\u0628\u0648\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0636\u062e\u0627\u0645\u062a\u0647 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u00ab\u0625\u064a\u0643\u0644\u0648\u0646\u00bb (\u0633\u064a\u0643\u0644\u0648\u0646) \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0648\u0635\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0628\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u064f\u0644\u0641\u0629\u064b \u0648\u0623\u0637\u0648\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0645\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0629. \u062a\u064f\u0642\u062f\u064e\u0651\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0641\u063a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0645\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0627\u062c\u0626 \u0641\u0631\u0651\u0648\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u0627\u0643\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0642\u064f\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0629 15,000 \u062c\u0646\u062f\u064a \u0633\u0648\u0641\u064a\u062a\u064a \u0642\u062a\u064a\u0644. \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0628\u0627\u0646\u0633\u062d\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0645\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0641\u0628\u0631\u0627\u064a\u0631 1989 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0623\u064a\u064d\u0651 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629\u061b \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u0646 \u0625\u0631\u062b\u0647\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0645\u062f\u0649\u064b \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u062f\u0631\u0643\u0647 \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062d\u0638\u0629: \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0623\u0633\u0647\u0645\u062a \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0646\u0647\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0641\u064a\u062a\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 1991\u060c \u0648\u0632\u0631\u0639\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0630\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u0646\u0628\u062a\u062a \u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0648\u0635\u0644\u062a \u062e\u064a\u0648\u0637\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u062c\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0639\u0634\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0633\u0628\u062a\u0645\u0628\u0631 2001 \u0648\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0644\u0627\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629.<br \/>\n<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/elischolar.library.yale.edu\/applebaum_award\/9\/\" title=\"2|US Foreign Policy and the Soviet-Afghan War: A Revisionist History|Yale \u2014 Applebaum Award|2023\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[2]<\/a><\/sup>\n<\/p>\n<div class=\"infobox\">\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr class=\"ib-sec\">\n<td colspan=\"2\">\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0641\u064a\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0641\u063a\u0627\u0646\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 (1979\u20131989)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"ib-row\">\n<td class=\"ib-label\">\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<td class=\"ib-val\">Soviet\u2013Afghan War \/ Soviet Invasion of Afghanistan<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"ib-row\">\n<td class=\"ib-label\">\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<td class=\"ib-val\">\u0410\u0444\u0433\u0430\u043d\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044f \u0432\u043e\u0439\u043d\u0430 \u2014 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u063a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \/ \u00ab\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0632\u0641\u00bb<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"ib-row\">\n<td class=\"ib-label\">\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u063a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<td class=\"ib-val\">\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u063a\u0627\u0646\u064a \/ \u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0636\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0641\u064a\u062a\u064a<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"ib-row\">\n<td class=\"ib-label\">\u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<td class=\"ib-val\">25 \u062f\u064a\u0633\u0645\u0628\u0631 1979 \u2013 15 \u0641\u0628\u0631\u0627\u064a\u0631 1989 (9 \u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062a\u0633\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u062e\u0645\u0633\u0648\u0646 \u064a\u0648\u0645\u0627\u064b)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"ib-row\">\n<td class=\"ib-label\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a<\/td>\n<td class=\"ib-val\">\u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0641\u063a\u0627\u0646\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"ib-sec\">\n<td colspan=\"2\">\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"ib-row\">\n<td class=\"ib-label\">\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0632\u0648<\/td>\n<td class=\"ib-val\">\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0641\u064a\u062a\u064a (\u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639\u0648\u0646) + \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u063a\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u064a<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"ib-row\">\n<td class=\"ib-label\">\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629<\/td>\n<td class=\"ib-val\">\u062a\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0647\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u063a\u0627\u0646 (\u0633\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0623\u062d\u0632\u0627\u0628) \u2014 \u0645\u062f\u0639\u0648\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646: \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0643\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"ib-sec\">\n<td colspan=\"2\">\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0648\u0646<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"ib-row\">\n<td class=\"ib-label\">\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0641\u064a\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629<\/td>\n<td class=\"ib-val\">\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646\u064a\u062f \u0628\u0631\u064a\u062c\u0646\u064a\u0641 \u062b\u0645 \u064a\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0623\u0646\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0648\u0641 \u062b\u0645 \u0645\u064a\u062e\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644 \u063a\u0648\u0631\u0628\u0627\u062a\u0634\u0648\u0641 \/ \u0628\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0643 \u0643\u0627\u0631\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u062b\u0645 \u0646\u062c\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"ib-row\">\n<td class=\"ib-label\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0647\u062f\u0648\u0646<\/td>\n<td class=\"ib-val\">\u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0634\u0627\u0647 \u0645\u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f (\u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u0641\u063a\u0627\u0646\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646)\u060c \u063a\u0644\u0628\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u062d\u0643\u0645\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 (\u062d\u0632\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645)\u060c \u062c\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u062d\u0642\u0627\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0628\u0631\u0647\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0631\u0628\u0627\u0646\u064a<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"ib-row\">\n<td class=\"ib-label\">\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a<\/td>\n<td class=\"ib-val\">\u0632\u0628\u064a\u063a\u0646\u064a\u0641 \u0628\u0631\u064a\u062c\u0646\u0633\u0643\u064a (\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a)\u060c \u0636\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642 (\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0643\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"ib-sec\">\n<td colspan=\"2\">\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"ib-row\">\n<td class=\"ib-label\">\u0627\u0644\u0636\u062d\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u063a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0646<\/td>\n<td class=\"ib-val\">1,000,000 \u2013 3,000,000 \u0642\u062a\u064a\u0644<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"ib-row\">\n<td class=\"ib-label\">\u0627\u0644\u0636\u062d\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0641\u064a\u062a<\/td>\n<td class=\"ib-val\">14,453 \u0642\u062a\u064a\u0644\u0627\u064b (\u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0627\u064b) \/ \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u062a\u0635\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 26,000<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"ib-row\">\n<td class=\"ib-label\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0647\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u062a\u0644\u0648\u0646<\/td>\n<td class=\"ib-val\">75,000 \u2013 90,000 \u0642\u062a\u064a\u0644<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"ib-row\">\n<td class=\"ib-label\">\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u062c\u0626\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u063a\u0627\u0646<\/td>\n<td class=\"ib-val\">\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 5,000,000 \u0644\u0627\u062c\u0626 \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a (\u0628\u0627\u0643\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646) + 2,000,000 \u0646\u0627\u0632\u062d \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"ib-row\">\n<td class=\"ib-label\">\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0641\u064a\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0642\u0648\u062f\u0629<\/td>\n<td class=\"ib-val\">451 \u0637\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0629 (\u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 333 \u0645\u0631\u0648\u062d\u064a\u0629)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"ib-sec\">\n<td colspan=\"2\">\u0627\u0644\u0648\u062b\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"ib-row\">\n<td class=\"ib-label\">\u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062c\u0646\u064a\u0641<\/td>\n<td class=\"ib-val\">14 \u0623\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0644 1988 \u2014 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u062f \u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0633\u062d\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0641\u064a\u062a\u064a<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"ib-row\">\n<td class=\"ib-label\">\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629<\/td>\n<td class=\"ib-val\">\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 ES-6\/2 (\u064a\u0646\u0627\u064a\u0631 1980) \u2014 \u064a\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0628\u0627\u0646\u0633\u062d\u0627\u0628 \u0633\u0648\u0641\u064a\u062a\u064a \u0641\u0648\u0631\u064a<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"ib-row\">\n<td class=\"ib-label\">\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0633\u064a\u0643\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<td class=\"ib-val\">1979 \u2013 1989 \u2014 \u0636\u062e\u0651\u062a \u0645\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0646 12 \u064820 \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0631 \u0644\u062a\u0633\u0644\u064a\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0647\u062f\u064a\u0646<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"ib-sec\">\n<td colspan=\"2\">\u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"ib-row\">\n<td class=\"ib-label\">\u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<td class=\"ib-val\">\u0627\u0646\u0633\u062d\u0627\u0628 \u0633\u0648\u0641\u064a\u062a\u064a \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u2014 \u0641\u0631\u0627\u063a \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0648\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0623\u0647\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"ib-row\">\n<td class=\"ib-label\">\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0641\u064a\u062a\u064a<\/td>\n<td class=\"ib-val\">\u062a\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0647\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0641\u064a\u062a\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 1991<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"ib-row\">\n<td class=\"ib-label\">\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0631\u0647\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a<\/td>\n<td class=\"ib-val\">\u0646\u0634\u0623\u0629 \u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0628\u0630\u0648\u0631 \u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0646<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<div class=\"ib-foot\">COSMALORE \u00b7 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0633\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h2 id=\"koz-h-0\">\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0629<\/h2>\n<h3 id=\"koz-h-1\">\u0623\u0641\u063a\u0627\u0646\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0632\u0648 \u2014 \u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064f\u0632\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639<\/h3>\n<p>\n\u062a\u0643\u062a\u0646\u0641 \u0641\u0647\u0645\u064e \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0641\u064a\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u063a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0629\u064f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0627\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u0641\u063a\u0627\u0646\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062c\u0639\u0644\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0645\u0642\u0628\u0631\u0629\u064b \u0644\u0644\u063a\u0632\u0627\u0629. \u062a\u0642\u0639 \u0623\u0641\u063a\u0627\u0646\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0644\u0628 \u0622\u0633\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0649 \u062d\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629\u064b \u0637\u0628\u0648\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0639\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629\u061b \u064a\u062d\u062a\u0644 \u062c\u0628\u0627\u0644 \u0647\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0643\u0648\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062d\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0642\u0645\u0645\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 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\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a\u0629\u00bb \u0647\u0634\u0651\u0627\u064b \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0627\u064b \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0642\u0627\u062a. \u062a\u0642\u0639 \u0623\u0641\u063a\u0627\u0646\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a \u0645\u0641\u0635\u0644\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0622\u0633\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0634\u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u064a\u0629\u060c \u064a\u0645\u0646\u062d\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u062c\u064a\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632\u062a \u062f\u0648\u0645\u0627\u064b \u062b\u0642\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a.<br \/>\n<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/asiasociety.org\/barnett-rubin-soviet-invasion-afghanistan-and-rise-taliban\" title=\"3|Barnett Rubin on the Soviet Invasion of Afghanistan|Asia Society|2017\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[3]<\/a><\/sup>\n<\/p>\n<h3 id=\"koz-h-2\">\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u0648\u0639\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0646\u0647\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645<\/h3>\n<p>\n\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0644 1978\u060c \u0646\u0641\u0651\u0630 \u062d\u0632\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u063a\u0627\u0646\u064a \u2014 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u0648\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0633\u0643\u0648 \u2014 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\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0625\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0623\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0642\u0628\u0644\u064a \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0628\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062d\u0641 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0633 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0634\u0646\u0651 \u062d\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0637\u0627\u0644\u062a \u0631\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0643\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0636\u0628\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0648\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u0648\u0644\u0627\u0626\u0647\u0645. \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0645\u0636\u0650 \u0623\u0634\u0647\u0631 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0642\u0631\u0649 \u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u062d \u0641\u064a \u0648\u062c\u0647 \u00ab\u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u0648\u0639\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0631\u00bb \u2014 \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0627 \u0648\u0635\u0641\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u063a\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0633 \u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u2014 \u0648\u0628\u0627\u062a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u062c\u0632\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0637\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u0649 \u0648\u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629. \u0623\u0636\u0627\u0641\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0645\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u062c\u0646\u0627\u062d\u064e\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0632\u0628 \u00ab\u062e\u0644\u0642\u00bb \u0648\u00ab\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0634\u0627\u0645\u00bb \u0645\u0632\u064a\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0639\u0641\u061b \u0648\u0628\u0644\u063a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0630\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0642\u062a\u0644 \u0623\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u0647 \u0648\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0642\u0647 \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0642\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0628\u062a\u0645\u0628\u0631 1979\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0642\u0644\u0642 \u0645\u0648\u0633\u0643\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0644\u0642\u064e \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u0645\u0643\u0651\u0646 \u0623\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0645\u0648\u062d \u0645\u0646 \u0625\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645 \u0635\u0641\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0645\u0637 \u0645\u0627 \u0641\u0639\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0635\u0631.<br \/>\n<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.history.com\/articles\/1979-soviet-invasion-afghanistan\" title=\"4|Why the Soviet Union Invaded Afghanistan|History.com|2024\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[4]<\/a><\/sup>\n<\/p>\n<h3 id=\"koz-h-3\">\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0632\u0648 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0646<\/h3>\n<p>\n\u062a\u064f\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062b\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0641\u064a\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0631\u064f\u0641\u0639\u062a \u0639\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0646\u0647\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0641\u064a\u062a\u064a \u0639\u0646 \u0645\u062f\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0634\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u062c\u0631\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0625\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u0634\u0647\u0631 1979 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631\u0629. \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0634\u0627\u0644 \u0646\u064a\u0642\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a \u0623\u0648\u063a\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0648\u0641 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0647\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0624\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0636\u0629\u064b \u0635\u0631\u064a\u062d\u0629 \u0648\u064a\u064f\u062d\u0630\u0651\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0628\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u0641\u063a\u0627\u0646\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0633\u062a\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0651\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0646\u0642\u0639 \u0644\u0627 \u0645\u062e\u0631\u062c \u0645\u0646\u0647. \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0645\u062b\u0644\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0644\u0641 \u0645\u0646 \u064a\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0623\u0646\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0648\u0641 (\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0640 KGB) \u0648\u0623\u0646\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0647 \u063a\u0631\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0648 (\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629) \u0648\u062f\u0645\u064a\u062a\u0631\u064a \u0623\u0648\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0646\u0648\u0641 (\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0641\u0627\u0639) \u0623\u0642\u0646\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0636 \u0628\u0631\u064a\u062c\u0646\u064a\u0641 \u0628\u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0628\u062d\u062c\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u0633\u0642\u0648\u0637 \u0623\u0641\u063a\u0627\u0646\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u064f\u0634\u0643\u0651\u0644 \u062a\u0647\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0641\u064a\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0622\u0633\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0649. \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0637\u0637\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0641\u064a\u062a \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0633\u062a\u0646\u062a\u0647\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0636\u0639\u0629 \u0623\u0634\u0647\u0631 \u0648\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0636\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a \u0633\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0643\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0625\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0633\u062d\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u062a. \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628\u064f \u0648\u0647\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0648\u062e\u064a\u0645\u0627\u064b\u061b \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0648\u0642\u0639\u062a \u0645\u0648\u0633\u0643\u0648 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a \u0630\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0648\u0642\u0639\u062a \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0648\u0627\u0634\u0646\u0637\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0641\u064a\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0645 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0639\u0642\u062f: \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0635\u0645\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0645 \u0648\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0631\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u062a\u0644 \u0623\u062c\u0646\u0628\u064a.<br \/>\n<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ebsco.com\/research-starters\/history\/soviet-war-afghanistan\" title=\"5|Soviet War in Afghanistan|EBSCO Research Starters|2024\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[5]<\/a><\/sup>\n<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"koz-h-4\">\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0632\u0648 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062a\u0627\u0644<\/h2>\n<h3 id=\"koz-h-5\">\u0644\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0632\u0648 \u0648\u062a\u0635\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0645\u064a\u0646<\/h3>\n<p>\n\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0645\u0633 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u062f\u064a\u0633\u0645\u0628\u0631 1979\u060c \u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0641\u064a\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0643 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u062c\u0633\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0647\u0631 \u062c\u064a\u062d\u0648\u0646 (\u0623\u0645\u0648 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0627) \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u063a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0644\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0635\u064f\u0645\u0650\u0651\u0645\u062a \u0628\u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629. \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0640 KGB \u0648\u0641\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0641\u064a\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u00ab\u0623\u0644\u0641\u0627\u00bb \u0648\u00ab\u0632\u064a\u0646\u064a\u062a\u00bb \u0642\u062f \u062a\u0633\u0644\u0651\u0644\u062a \u0642\u0628\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0623\u064a\u0627\u0645 \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u0641\u0631\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0646\u0643\u0651\u0631\u0629\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0647\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u00ab\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a\u064a\u0646\u00bb \u0645\u0639\u062a\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0646. \u0641\u064a \u0644\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u062f\u064a\u0633\u0645\u0628\u0631\u060c \u0627\u0642\u062a\u062d\u0645\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0642 \u0642\u0635\u0631 \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0628\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0642\u064a \u062d\u0641\u064a\u0638 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0623\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u062d\u062a\u0641\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0632\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u062d\u0644 \u062c\u062f\u0644: \u0647\u0644 \u0627\u063a\u062a\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629\u064b \u0623\u0645 \u0645\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u0631\u061f \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a \u0647\u0648 \u0623\u0646 \u0628\u0631\u064a\u062c\u0646\u064a\u0641 \u0623\u064f\u0628\u0644\u063a \u0628\u0625\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u0646 \u0628\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0643 \u0643\u0627\u0631\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u2014 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0632\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0648\u0633\u0643\u0648 \u0645\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0627\u064b \u2014 \u0623\u064f\u0639\u0644\u0646 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u0627\u064b \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0627\u064b. \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u064a\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u062e\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0641\u064a\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0647\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0642\u0646\u062f\u0647\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0628\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0631\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u0649 \u0641\u064a \u063a\u0636\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0633\u0628\u0648\u0639. \u0628\u062f\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0648\u0647\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0646\u062c\u062d\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0628\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u062a\u0647\u064a\u0651\u0623 \u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0622\u062e\u0631.<br \/>\n<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.history.com\/articles\/1979-soviet-invasion-afghanistan\" title=\"4|Why the Soviet Union Invaded Afghanistan|History.com|2024\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[4]<\/a><\/sup>\n<\/p>\n<h3 id=\"koz-h-6\">\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u063a\u0627\u0646\u064a \u2014 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0647\u062f\u064a\u0646<\/h3>\n<p>\n\u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u063a\u0632\u0648 \u0648\u0644\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u062e\u0637\u0637 \u062c\u064a\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u062d\u0628\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u064b \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u064f\u0635\u0648\u0651\u0631\u0648\u0647\u0627\u061b \u0628\u0644 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0648\u0647\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629\u064b \u0634\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0644\u0641\u0644\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0642\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0644\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0631\u0623\u0648\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0632\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0641\u064a\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0639\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0621\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0631\u0636\u0647\u0645 \u0648\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0647\u0645 \u0648\u0623\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0622\u0646\u064d \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f. \u062a\u062d\u0648\u0651\u0644\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u062c\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0632 \u062a\u062c\u0646\u064a\u062f \u0641\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0634\u0643\u0651\u0644\u062a \u062e\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0649 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0623\u064a \u062a\u0645\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0623\u062c\u0646\u0628\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0651\u0645. \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0648\u0651\u0644 \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0634\u064a\u0621 \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u062f\u0641\u0651\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c. \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0651\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0647\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0635\u0648\u0631\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0651\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0633\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0623\u062d\u0632\u0627\u0628 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0631\u0651\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0634\u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0643\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062a\u062a\u0628\u0627\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0648\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0628\u0627\u064a\u0646\u0627\u064b \u062d\u0627\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062a\u062f\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0634\u062f\u062f\u0629. \u0628\u0631\u0632 \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0642\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u064a\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u0648\u0627 \u0628\u0635\u0645\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628: \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0634\u0627\u0647 \u0645\u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062d\u0648\u0651\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0628\u0646\u062c\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0635\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0634\u0646\u0651 \u0645\u0646\u0647 \u062a\u0633\u0639 \u0647\u062c\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0641\u0634\u0644 \u0643\u0644\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u062c\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u062d\u0642\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062a\u0641\u0648\u0651\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642\u064a\u060c \u0648\u063a\u0644\u0628\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u062d\u0643\u0645\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062d\u0638\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0644\u064a\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0643\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f\u064a \u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0647\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649.<br \/>\n<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/dh.scu.edu\/exhibits\/exhibits\/show\/cold-war-global\/proxy-wars\/afghanistan\" title=\"6|The Soviet-Afghan War \u2014 Cold War Proxy Conflicts|Santa Clara University|2023\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[6]<\/a><\/sup>\n<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"koz-h-7\">\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0633\u064a\u0643\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u2014 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0629<\/h2>\n<p>\n\u0641\u064a \u064a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0648 1979 \u2014 \u0623\u064a \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0632\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0641\u064a\u062a\u064a \u0628\u062e\u0645\u0633\u0629 \u0623\u0634\u0647\u0631 \u2014 \u0648\u0642\u0651\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a \u062c\u064a\u0645\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0630\u0646\u064e \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0628\u062a\u0645\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0633\u0631\u064a \u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0636\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u063a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u062f\u0641\u0648\u0639\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0635\u0627\u063a\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0645\u064a \u0632\u0628\u064a\u063a\u0646\u064a\u0641 \u0628\u0631\u064a\u062c\u0646\u0633\u0643\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0631\u0623\u0649 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0641\u063a\u0627\u0646\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u0631\u0635\u0629\u064b \u0630\u0647\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0641\u064a\u062a\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0646\u0642\u0639\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635. \u0648\u0633\u0651\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0646\u063a\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0644\u064a\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0651\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u00ab\u0633\u064a\u0643\u0644\u0648\u0646\u00bb \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0648\u0635\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u0623\u063a\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0633\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u062e\u0627\u0636\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0629.<br \/>\n<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/legalclarity.org\/operation-cyclone-in-afghanistan-history-and-impact\/\" title=\"7|Operation Cyclone in Afghanistan: History and Impact|LegalClarity|2025\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[7]<\/a><\/sup><br \/>\n\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636 \u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0623\u0639\u0645\u062f\u0629: \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 (CIA) \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0648\u0641\u0651\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0643\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 (ISI) \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0636\u0637\u0644\u0639\u062a \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0637 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u062a\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0634\u0628\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u062f\u0627\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645\u062a \u0628\u062a\u0645\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0632\u064d \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u064a\u0646\u064a \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062f \u0642\u0636\u064a\u0629\u064b \u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629. \u0628\u0644\u063a \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639 \u0645\u0627 \u0636\u064f\u062e\u0651 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0646 12 \u064820 \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629. \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0651\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064f \u0635\u0648\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0633\u062a\u064a\u0646\u063a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0627\u062a \u00abFIM-92 Stinger\u00bb \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0647\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0628\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0621\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1986\u061b \u0625\u0630 \u0648\u0635\u0644\u062a \u0646\u062d\u0648 2,300 \u0635\u0627\u0631\u0648\u062e \u0633\u062a\u064a\u0646\u063a\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u064a\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0647\u062f\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u062e\u0644\u0642\u062a \u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u0647\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0627\u064b \u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0648\u062d\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0641\u064a\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0633\u064a\u0637\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0627\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0633\u064a\u0637\u0631\u0629 \u0634\u0628\u0647 \u0645\u0637\u0644\u0642\u0629.<br \/>\n<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/suny-hccc-worldhistory2\/chapter\/the-united-states-and-the-mujahideen\/\" title=\"8|The United States and the Mujahideen|Lumen Learning \u2014 History of Western Civilization II|2023\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[8]<\/a><\/sup><br \/>\n\u0623\u0641\u0631\u0632 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0634\u0639\u0651\u0628 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0645\u0642\u0635\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0642\u0635\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0633\u062a\u062b\u0628\u062a \u062e\u0637\u0648\u0631\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0639\u0642\u062f\u061b \u0641\u062a\u062f\u0641\u0651\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u062d \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0637\u0628 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0629\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628 \u0623\u0628\u0631\u0632\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f\u064a \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u0646 \u0644\u0627\u062f\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0623\u0633\u0651\u0633 \u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0634\u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0644\u062a\u062c\u0646\u064a\u062f \u0648\u062a\u0645\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u062a\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1984\u060c \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0623\u0633\u0651\u0633 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0627\u062d\u0642\u0627\u064b \u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629.\n<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"koz-h-8\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628<\/h2>\n<h3 id=\"koz-h-9\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649: \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0647\u0651\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0637\u0631\u0629 (1979\u20131982)<\/h3>\n<p>\n\u0641\u064a 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href=\"https:\/\/www.newworldencyclopedia.org\/entry\/Soviet-Afghan_War\" title=\"9|Soviet-Afghan War|New World Encyclopedia|2023\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[9]<\/a><\/sup>\n<\/p>\n<h3 id=\"koz-h-10\">\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0643 \u0628\u0646\u062c\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u2014 \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0634\u0627\u0647 \u0645\u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0628\u0644\u064a<\/h3>\n<p>\n\u0645\u062b\u0651\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0628\u0646\u062c\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u064e \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0633\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0641\u064a\u062a\u064a \u0637\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628\u061b \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0646\u0638\u0651\u0645 \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0634\u0627\u0647 \u0645\u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f \u2014 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u062f 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\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0643 \u0628\u0646\u062c\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u062f\u0631\u0633\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0636\u0646\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0641\u064a\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u0637\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0634\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u062c\u0630\u0651\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0631\u0636\u0647\u0627.<br \/>\n<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/soviet-union.com\/coldwar\/afghanistan\" title=\"10|Soviet-Afghan War: Why the USSR Invaded, Who Won and the Real Legacy|Soviet-Union.com|2026\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[10]<\/a><\/sup>\n<\/p>\n<h3 id=\"koz-h-11\">\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062d\u064a\u0644 (1983\u20131986)<\/h3>\n<p>\n\u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0631\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0631\u060c \u0627\u0632\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0648\u0633\u0643\u0648 \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0651\u0642\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0643 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0641\u064a\u062a\u064a. \u0648\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0631\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u064a\u062e\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0633\u064a\u0641 \u0642\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1985 \u0648\u0623\u062c\u0631\u0649 \u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0643\u062a\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629: \u0642\u0644\u0651\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0628\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0632\u0627\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u00ab\u0633\u0628\u064a\u062a\u0633\u0646\u0627\u0632\u00bb \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0645\u0627\u0626\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u063a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0638\u0644\u0651 \u0628\u0639\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0644. \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0639\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0646\u0641\u0651\u0630\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0641\u064a\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u063a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u062d\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u062f\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0649 \u0648\u062d\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u0642\u0637\u0639 \u0634\u0628\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0625\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0643 \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0625\u0645\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0647\u062f\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062b\u0651\u0642\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0635\u064a\u0644.<br \/>\n<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ebsco.com\/research-starters\/history\/soviet-war-afghanistan\" title=\"5|Soviet War in Afghanistan|EBSCO Research Starters|2024\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[5]<\/a><\/sup>\n<\/p>\n<h3 id=\"koz-h-12\">\u0627\u0644\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0646\u063a\u0631 \u064a\u064f\u063a\u064a\u0651\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0632\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648 (1986\u20131988)<\/h3>\n<p>\n\u063a\u064a\u0651\u0631 \u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0635\u0648\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0633\u062a\u064a\u0646\u063a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062f\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0633\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a. \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0648\u062d\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062c\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0641\u064a\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u00ab\u0645\u064a-24 \u0647\u064a\u0646\u062f\u00bb \u062a\u0645\u062b\u0651\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0641\u062a\u0643\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0641\u064a\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0636\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629\u061b \u062a\u062d\u0644\u0651\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u0649 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\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0641\u064a\u062a\u064a\u061b \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0631\u0647\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0646\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064e \u0623\u0639\u0645\u0642 \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0645\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a.\n<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"koz-h-13\">\u063a\u0648\u0631\u0628\u0627\u062a\u0634\u0648\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0633\u062d\u0627\u0628<\/h2>\n<p>\n\u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0635\u0644 \u0645\u064a\u062e\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644 \u063a\u0648\u0631\u0628\u0627\u062a\u0634\u0648\u0641 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633 1985\u060c \u0648\u0631\u062b \u062d\u0631\u0628\u0627\u064b \u0627\u0633\u062a\u064f\u0646\u0632\u0641\u062a \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0648\u0627\u062d \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a. \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0641\u064a\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0624\u0643\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062e\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0626\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u063a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c \u0633\u064a\u0637\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0639\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0633\u0648\u0641\u064a\u062a\u064a\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0646 \u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u062a\u0639\u062c\u0632 \u0639\u0646 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u062c\u064a\u0634 \u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a \u0630\u064a \u062b\u0642\u0644 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0636\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0641\u064a\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631. \u0623\u0637\u0644\u0642 \u063a\u0648\u0631\u0628\u0627\u062a\u0634\u0648\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0646\u0627\u064b \u0627\u0633\u0645 \u00ab\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0632\u0641\u00bb (\u043a\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0447\u0430\u0449\u0430\u044f \u0440\u0430\u043d\u0430) \u0641\u064a \u062e\u0637\u0627\u0628 \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 1986\u060c \u0648\u0642\u0631\u0631 \u0625\u0639\u0637\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u063a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0646\u062c\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0645\u0647\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u064e\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u062c\u064a\u0634\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u00ab\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629\u00bb \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0642\u064f\u0635\u062f \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629\u060c \u062b\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0633\u062d\u0627\u0628. \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0633\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0641\u0628\u0631\u0627\u064a\u0631 1988\u060c \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0646 \u063a\u0648\u0631\u0628\u0627\u062a\u0634\u0648\u0641 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0633\u062d\u0627\u0628 \u0633\u064a\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0645\u0633 \u0639\u0634\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0627\u064a\u0648\u060c \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0639\u0634\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u064f\u0642\u0650\u0651\u0639\u062a \u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062c\u0646\u064a\u0641 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0641\u063a\u0627\u0646\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0643\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0641\u064a\u062a\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0645\u062d\u062f\u0651\u062f\u0629\u064b \u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0633\u062d\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0633\u0639\u0629 \u0623\u0634\u0647\u0631.<br \/>\n<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.prio.org\/2023\/05\/the-other-peace-process-on-afghanistan-geneva-talks-1982-1988\/\" title=\"11|The Other &#039;Peace Process&#039; on Afghanistan: Geneva Talks 1982-1988|PRIO \u2014 Oslo|2023\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[11]<\/a><\/sup>\n<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"koz-h-14\">\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0633\u062d\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0648\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f\u0647<\/h2>\n<p>\n\u0627\u0646\u0637\u0644\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0633\u062d\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0641\u064a\u062a\u064a \u0648\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0651\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0645\u0633 \u0639\u0634\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0627\u064a\u0648 1988\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u0649 \u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0648\u062f\u0642\u0629\u064b \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0641\u064a\u062a\u064a. \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0645\u0633 \u0639\u0634\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0641\u0628\u0631\u0627\u064a\u0631 1989\u060c \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0631\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u063a\u0631\u0648\u0645\u0648\u0641 \u0642\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u062c\u0633\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0647\u0631 \u062c\u064a\u062d\u0648\u0646 \u0622\u062e\u0631\u064e \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0641\u064a\u062a \u0645\u063a\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629\u064b \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u063a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0634\u062d\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0645\u0632\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0642\u0641 \u063a\u0631\u0648\u0645\u0648\u0641 \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0623\u0639\u0644\u0646 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0628\u0642\u064e \u062e\u0644\u0641\u0647 \u062c\u0646\u062f\u064a \u0633\u0648\u0641\u064a\u062a\u064a \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f \u2014 \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0646 \u064a\u0628\u0642\u0649 \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u062c\u062f\u0644 \u0628\u062d\u062b\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062f\u0642\u062a\u0647. \u0635\u0645\u062f \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0646\u062c\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0637\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u0642\u0651\u0639 \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0625\u0630 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0645\u062f\u0639\u0648\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0628\u062c\u0633\u0631 \u062c\u0648\u064a \u0633\u0648\u0641\u064a\u062a\u064a \u0636\u062e\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u062d \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0646 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0627\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0644 1992 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0646\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0642\u0628 \u062a\u0641\u0643\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0641\u064a\u062a\u064a. \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0623 \u0646\u062c\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0642\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0642\u0636\u0649 \u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639 \u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0627\u062c\u0626\u0627\u064b \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0633\u0642\u0637 \u0641\u064a \u064a\u062f \u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1996 \u0648\u062a\u064f\u0639\u062f\u064e\u0645\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0646\u0627\u064b.<br \/>\n<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/thediplomat.com\/2019\/02\/30-year-anniversary-of-soviet-withdrawal-from-afghanistan-a-successful-disengagement-operation\/\" title=\"12|30-Year Anniversary of Soviet Withdrawal from Afghanistan|The Diplomat|2019\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[12]<\/a><\/sup>\n<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>\n\u00ab\u0644\u0642\u062f \u0623\u0639\u0637\u064a\u0646\u0627 \u0623\u0641\u063a\u0627\u0646\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0636\u0648\u0621\u0627\u064b \u0623\u062d\u0645\u0631. \u0647\u0644 \u0641\u0643\u0651\u0631\u0646\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0633\u062a\u062a\u0645\u062e\u0651\u0636 \u0639\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0646\u0627\u061f \u0646\u0639\u0645. \u0647\u0644 \u0623\u062f\u0631\u0643\u0646\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0642\u062f \u064a\u062f\u0641\u0639 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0641\u064a\u062a\u064a\u061f \u0646\u0639\u0645. \u0648\u0647\u0644 \u0623\u0639\u0637\u064a\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0629\u061f \u0646\u0639\u0645. \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0635\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0641\u064a\u062a\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0646\u0642\u0639\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0628\u062f\u062a \u0644\u0646\u0627 \u0623\u0645\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0641\u0648\u0651\u062a.\u00bb<br \/>\n<strong>\u2014 \u0632\u0628\u064a\u063a\u0646\u064a\u0641 \u0628\u0631\u064a\u062c\u0646\u0633\u0643\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u060c \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 Nouvel Observateur \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c \u064a\u0646\u0627\u064a\u0631 1998<\/strong>\n<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<h2 id=\"koz-h-15\">\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a \u2014 \u062c\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0631\u062b\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629<\/h2>\n<p>\n\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0631\u062b\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u063a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 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\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646. \u062f\u0645\u0651\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0622\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0649 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0628\u0639\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0623\u064a \u0647\u062c\u0648\u0645 \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0647\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u062f\u0627\u0639\u064a \u00ab\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0647\u00bb\u060c \u0648\u0623\u062d\u0631\u0642\u062a \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u0643\u0631\u0648\u0645 \u0639\u0646\u0628 \u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0631\u0632\u0642 \u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0623\u0633\u0631\u0647\u0627. \u0648\u062b\u0651\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0641\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0643\u0633 \u0623\u064a\u0631\u0645\u0648\u0631\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0642\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0631\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 1985 \u06481988 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0627\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c\u0629 \u0648\u0631\u0641\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629.<br \/>\n<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Atrocity_crimes_in_the_Soviet%E2%80%93Afghan_War\" title=\"13|Atrocity crimes in the Soviet\u2013Afghan War|Wikipedia \u2014 \u0645\u0648\u062b\u064e\u0651\u0642 \u0628\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629|2024\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[13]<\/a><\/sup>\n<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"koz-h-16\">\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0641\u064a\u062a\u064a<\/h2>\n<p>\n\u0644\u0627 \u0625\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639 \u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0623\u062f\u0651\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u0632\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u063a\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0646\u0647\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0641\u064a\u062a\u064a\u060c \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u064e\u064a\u0646 \u0631\u0627\u0641\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644 \u0631\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0623\u0633\u064a\u0645 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0627\u0634 \u064a\u0648\u062b\u0651\u0642\u0627\u0646 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062b\u0631: \u062a\u062d\u0637\u0651\u0645 \u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0627\u0639\u062a\u064f\u0642\u062f \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u064f\u0642\u0647\u0631 \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0641\u064a\u062a\u064a\u0629\u061b \u0648\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u0631\u0633\u0644\u062a \u0623\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062a \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u063a\u0627\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0627\u061b \u0648\u0638\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0623\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0642\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0640\u00ab\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u063a\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0633\u064a\u00bb \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u0643\u0633\u0631\u0648\u0627 \u062c\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0645\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0631\u0648\u0636 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0648\u0623\u062c\u0628\u0631\u0648\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0623\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u062a\u0647\u0627.<br \/>\n<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Consequences_and_legacy_of_the_Soviet%E2%80%93Afghan_War\" title=\"14|Consequences and legacy of the Soviet-Afghan War|Wikipedia \u2014 \u0645\u0648\u062b\u064e\u0651\u0642 \u0628\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629|2024\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[14]<\/a><\/sup><br \/>\n\u0623\u0633\u0647\u0645\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0641\u064a\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0646\u0648\u0633\u062a (\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0641\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629)\u061b \u0625\u0630 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u062a\u0642\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0641\u064a\u064a\u0646 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