{"id":3006,"date":"2026-06-15T14:18:54","date_gmt":"2026-06-15T10:48:54","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/cosmalore.com\/ar\/?p=3006"},"modified":"2026-06-15T14:18:54","modified_gmt":"2026-06-15T10:48:54","slug":"%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a7%d9%86%d8%aa%d8%af%d8%a7%d8%a8-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%81%d8%b1%d9%86%d8%b3%d9%8a-%d8%b9%d9%84%d9%89-%d8%b3%d9%88%d8%b1%d9%8a%d8%a7-%d9%88%d9%84%d8%a8%d9%86%d8%a7%d9%86","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/cosmalore.com\/ar\/wiki\/%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a7%d9%86%d8%aa%d8%af%d8%a7%d8%a8-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%81%d8%b1%d9%86%d8%b3%d9%8a-%d8%b9%d9%84%d9%89-%d8%b3%d9%88%d8%b1%d9%8a%d8%a7-%d9%88%d9%84%d8%a8%d9%86%d8%a7%d9%86\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646"},"content":{"rendered":"
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\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629<\/h2>\n

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\n

\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629<\/h2>\n
\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Mandat fran\u00e7ais sur la Syrie et le Liban<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n1920 \u2013 1946<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0628<\/td>\n\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 22 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u064a\u062b\u0627\u0642 \u0639\u0635\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0628<\/td>\n\u0645\u0624\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0631\u064a\u0645\u0648\u060c 25 \u0623\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0644 1920 [1]<\/a><\/sup><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0625\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a<\/td>\n29 \u0633\u0628\u062a\u0645\u0628\u0631 1923 (\u0639\u0635\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645) [2]<\/a><\/sup><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a (\u0645\u0642\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0648\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064f\u0646\u0634\u0623\u0629<\/td>\n\u0633\u062a \u062f\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b\u060c \u062b\u0645 \u062f\u0645\u062c\u062a \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0648\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0643\u0628\u0631\u064a\u064a\u0646<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n\u0646\u062d\u0648 300,000 \u0643\u0645\u00b2 (\u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062f\u0628\u0629)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0633\u0646\u062c\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0643\u0646\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0629<\/td>\n\u0627\u0646\u062a\u064f\u0632\u0639 \u0648\u0636\u064f\u0645\u0651 \u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0627 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1939<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0648\u0651\u0636\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0648\u0646<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0641\u0648\u0651\u0636 \u0633\u0627\u0645\u064d<\/td>\n\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0631\u0627\u0644 \u0647\u0646\u0631\u064a \u063a\u0648\u0631\u0648 (1919\u20131923)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0645\u0641\u0648\u0651\u0636 \u0633\u0627\u0645\u064d<\/td>\n\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0631\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u062c\u0648\u0627\u0646 (1944\u20131946)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0623\u0628\u0631\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0645\u064a\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0646<\/td>\n24 \u064a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0648 1920<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u0649<\/td>\n1925 \u2013 1927<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646<\/td>\n22 \u0646\u0648\u0641\u0645\u0628\u0631 1943<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u062c\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627 (\u0639\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0644\u0627\u0621)<\/td>\n17 \u0623\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0644 1946 [3]<\/a><\/sup><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0629<\/td>\n\u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 (\u0631\u0628\u0637\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/table>\n
COSMALORE \u00b7 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0633\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n
\n

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\u0663. \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629<\/h3>\n

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\n

\u0645\u0624\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0631\u064a\u0645\u0648 \u0648\u0641\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0628<\/h2>\n

\u0661. \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0631\u064a\u0645\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0629<\/h3>\n

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\n\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f\u062a \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u064a\u062b\u0627\u0642 \u0639\u0635\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u0631\u0633\u062a \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0628 \u0648\u0646\u0635\u0651\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u062a\u062a\u0628\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0637\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0632\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 “\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0642\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0630\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627” \u064a\u062c\u0648\u0632 \u0648\u0636\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u062a “\u0648\u0635\u0627\u064a\u0629” \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u062a\u062f\u0628\u0629 [11]<\/a><\/sup>. \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0641 \u0631\u0641\u0636\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u062c\u0645\u0644\u0629\u064b \u0648\u062a\u0641\u0635\u064a\u0644\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0645\u0624\u0643\u0651\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u0645\u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a \u0648\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0634\u0624\u0648\u0646\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0646 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u064f\u062f\u0651\u0639\u0649 \u0645\u0646 “\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629” \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0633\u062a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0623\u0643\u0651\u062f \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0631\u062e\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0645\u0624\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0631\u064a\u0645\u0648 \u0648\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0633\u0627\u064a\u0643\u0633-\u0628\u064a\u0643\u0648 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0631\u0633\u0645 \u0641\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0627\u064b \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0646\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645 [12]<\/a><\/sup>.\n<\/p>\n

\u0662. \u0625\u0646\u0630\u0627\u0631 \u063a\u0648\u0631\u0648 \u0648\u062a\u0635\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a<\/h3>\n

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\n

\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0645\u064a\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0646: \u0645\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0632\u0648\u0645\u0629<\/h2>\n

\u0661. \u0648\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u0628\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627<\/h3>\n

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\n \u2014 \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0628\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 (\u0633\u0627\u0646\u0627)\u060c 24 \u064a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0648 2021<\/strong>\n<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<\/section>\n

\n

\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a<\/h2>\n

\u0661. \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0633\u064a\u0645 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062a: \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0641\u0631\u0651\u0642 \u062a\u0633\u064f\u062f<\/h3>\n

\n\u0628\u0639\u062f \u062f\u062e\u0648\u0644\u0647 \u062f\u0645\u0634\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u063a\u0633\u0637\u0633 1920\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0631\u0627\u0644 \u063a\u0648\u0631\u0648 \u0628\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u0649: \u062a\u0641\u062a\u064a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062d\u0651\u062f\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0643\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062c\u0632\u0651\u0623\u0629. \u0642\u0633\u0651\u0645\u062a \u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0633\u064a\u0637\u0631\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u062a \u062f\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u0641\u0631\u0642\u0629: \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u062f\u0645\u0634\u0642 (1920)\u060c \u0648\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u062d\u0644\u0628 (1920)\u060c \u0648\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u064a\u064a\u0646 (1920)\u060c \u0648\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u062c\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0632 (1921)\u060c \u0648\u0633\u0646\u062c\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0643\u0646\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645 (1921)\u060c \u0648\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 (1920) \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u064f\u0639\u0644\u0646 \u0639\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0633\u0628\u062a\u0645\u0628\u0631 1920 [17]<\/a><\/sup>. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0633\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a \u062c\u0632\u0626\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0626\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0628\u062f\u0648 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u064b \u0648\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 “\u0641\u0631\u0651\u0642 \u062a\u0633\u064f\u062f” \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062f\u0623\u0628\u062a \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0637\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629.\n<\/p>\n

\n\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u062d\u062f\u062b\u0627\u064b \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642\u061b \u0625\u0630 \u0648\u0633\u0651\u0639\u062a \u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u0627 \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0651 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0627\u064b \u062c\u0632\u0621\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629: \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a \u0648\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0633 \u0648\u0635\u064a\u062f\u0627 \u0648\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0642\u0627\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646\u064a. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u062a \u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u0627 \u0628\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0644\u0645\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u062b\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a [18]<\/a><\/sup>. \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 1923\u060c \u0623\u0642\u0631\u0651\u062a \u0639\u0635\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645 \u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0648\u0635\u0641\u0647 \u0643\u064a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0641\u0635\u0644\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0625\u0646 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u0627 \u062e\u0627\u0636\u0639\u064e\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0629 \u0645\u0641\u0648\u0651\u0636 \u0633\u0627\u0645\u064d \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f \u0645\u0642\u0631\u0651\u0647 \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a.\n<\/p>\n

\n\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u0646 \u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0633\u0651\u0639\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0644\u0651 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0648\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u061b \u0641\u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0627\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d\u0629\u060c \u0636\u0645\u0651\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0623\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0633\u0639\u0648\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0641\u0635\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0646 \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0623\u0633\u0651\u0633 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0648\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0644\u062a\u0648\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0632\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u064f\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0635\u064a\u0627\u063a\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u064a\u0648\u0645\u0646\u0627 \u0647\u0630\u0627 [19]<\/a><\/sup>.\n<\/p>\n

\u0662. \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0645\u062c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629<\/h3>\n

\n\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0643\u0634\u0641\u062a \u0639\u0646 \u062a\u0639\u0642\u064a\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0633\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u0635\u0639\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u062f\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0644\u062c\u0623\u062a \u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u0627 \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062f\u0645\u062c \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631. \u0641\u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 1930\u060c \u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0648\u062d\u0651\u062f \u062f\u0648\u0644\u062a\u064e\u064a \u062f\u0645\u0634\u0642 \u0648\u062d\u0644\u0628 \u0641\u064a “\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627” \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u0642\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0644\u062c\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0632 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644 [20]<\/a><\/sup>. \u0648\u0628\u0642\u064a\u062a \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0643\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u0627\u0645\u0629.\n<\/p>\n

\n\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0635\u0639\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062a\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u062a \u0641\u064a \u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0648\u0651\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062a\u0645\u062a\u0651\u0639 \u0628\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u062a\u0634\u0645\u0644: \u0625\u0635\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0637\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0639\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0643\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0638\u0641\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u0629. \u0648\u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u060c \u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638\u062a \u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0636\u0648\u0631 \u0636\u0628\u0627\u0637 \u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0651\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637\u0629\u064b \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0651\u0627 \u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0631\u0647\u064a\u0646\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0651\u0628\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627.\n<\/p>\n<\/section>\n

\n

\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u0649 1925-1927<\/h2>\n

\u0661. \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0630\u0648\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0628<\/h3>\n

\n\u0644\u0645 \u062a\u064f\u062e\u0645\u0651\u062f \u0647\u0632\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u064a\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u062c\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0628\u0642\u064a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0631 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0645\u0627\u062f \u062a\u0646\u062a\u0638\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u064f\u0634\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f. \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0645\u062a \u0623\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0639\u0645\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u062c\u0639\u0644\u062a \u0627\u0646\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0639 \u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639\u0629 \u0623\u0645\u0631\u0627\u064b \u062d\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u064b: \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0639\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0636\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u062c\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0636\u064a\u064a\u0642 \u0645\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0638\u0641\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0636\u0628\u0627\u0637\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642. \u0641\u0636\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0623\u062b\u0627\u0631 \u062a\u0639\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0632 \u063a\u0636\u0628 \u0623\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0628\u0644 \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0632\u0627\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0644\u0647 \u0644\u0644\u0634\u064a\u0648\u062e \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0632\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0627\u062f\u0648\u0627 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0634\u0624\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0628\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629 [21]<\/a><\/sup>.\n<\/p>\n

\n\u0641\u064a \u0645\u0627\u064a\u0648 1925\u060c \u0628\u062f\u0623\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u062f\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628 \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627. \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0642\u062f\u0645\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0632\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0628\u0644\u060c \u0641\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0641\u0636\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0633\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0631\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0644\u0627\u062d\u0642\u0627\u064b \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629. \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u064a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0648 1925\u060c \u062e\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0631\u0634 \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0647\u062f\u064a\u0647 \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0642\u0636\u0649 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u064f\u0631\u0633\u0644\u062a \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0636 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u060c \u062b\u0645 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u064d \u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a \u062f\u0639\u0627 \u0641\u064a\u0647 “\u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u062d” \u0648\u0623\u0643\u0651\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 “\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0633\u0627\u062d\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0648\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0646\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0642\u0648\u0635\u0629” [22]<\/a><\/sup>.\n<\/p>\n

\u0662. \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0645\u0647\u0627<\/h3>\n

\n\u0627\u0645\u062a\u062f\u0651\u062a \u062c\u0630\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u062f\u0645\u0634\u0642 \u0648\u062d\u0645\u0635 \u0648\u062d\u0645\u0627\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646. \u0648\u0633\u0639\u0649 \u0633\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0631\u0634 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0626\u0641\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0623\u0643\u0651\u062f \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0631\u0641\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0642\u0633\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0626\u0641\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u062c\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0632 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0647 \u0648\u062a\u0623\u0633\u064a\u0633 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0632\u0639\u0627\u0645\u062a\u0647\u060c \u0631\u0641\u0636 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0631\u0641\u0636\u0627\u064b \u0642\u0627\u0637\u0639\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0635\u0631\u0651\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 [23]<\/a><\/sup>. \u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0646\u0636\u0645\u0651 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u062d\u0632\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a \u0628\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062d\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0647\u0628\u0646\u062f\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0636\u0641\u0649 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0637\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0627\u064b \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0645\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627\u064b \u064a\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u062d \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0636\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a.\n<\/p>\n

\n\u062e\u0627\u0636\u062a \u0642\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0643 \u0645\u062c\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0628\u0631\u0632\u0647\u0627: \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u063a\u0633\u0637\u0633 1925\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u0649\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0635\u0644\u062e\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0641\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u064a\u062f\u0627\u0621. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0631\u062f\u0651\u062a \u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u0646\u0641 \u0645\u0641\u0631\u0637\u060c \u0641\u0636\u0631\u0628\u062a \u062f\u0645\u0634\u0642 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0641\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0628\u0631 \u0648\u0646\u0648\u0641\u0645\u0628\u0631 1925\u060c \u0648\u0623\u062f\u0651\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062f\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0633\u0642\u0648\u0637 \u0623\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u062d\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0634\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u0643\u0631\u0647 \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u0645 [24]<\/a><\/sup>.\n<\/p>\n

\n\u0627\u0645\u062a\u062f\u0651\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1927\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u062a \u0628\u062a\u0641\u0648\u0651\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0642\u0629 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0646\u062a\u0647\u064a \u0631\u0648\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629. \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0628\u0631\u0632 \u0645\u0627 \u062e\u0644\u0651\u0641\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u062c\u0628\u0631\u062a \u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0629 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0629 \u0625\u0635\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 1930.\n<\/p>\n<\/section>\n

\n

\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u062b\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/h2>\n

\u0661. \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0626\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0633\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629<\/h3>\n

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\u0663. \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u064a\u0629<\/h3>\n

\n\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u062c\u062a \u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u0627 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0631\u0645\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u062d\u0636\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629. \u0641\u062f\u0639\u0645\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u062b\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0628\u0639\u062b\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0628\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0633\u0648\u0639\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u0633\u0651\u0633\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0633\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0623\u064f\u0646\u0634\u0626\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0645\u0634\u0642 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1923. \u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0623\u064f\u062f\u062e\u0644\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u062c\u0646\u0628\u0627\u064b \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0646\u0628 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0646\u062a\u062c\u062a \u062c\u064a\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0642\u0641\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u062b\u0627\u0631\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0630\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0631\u0623\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u0629 \u062a\u0647\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u0647\u0648\u064a\u0629.\n<\/p>\n<\/section>\n

\n

\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0638\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0628<\/h2>\n

\u0661. \u0646\u0634\u0623\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b<\/h3>\n

\n\u0623\u064f\u0639\u0644\u0646 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0645 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0633\u0628\u062a\u0645\u0628\u0631 1920 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0631\u0627\u0644 \u0647\u0646\u0631\u064a \u063a\u0648\u0631\u0648 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0637\u064a\u0651\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u062c\u062f\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u064f\u062d\u0633\u0645 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645. \u0641\u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u064a\u062d\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u0625\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0632\u0627\u064b \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0623\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0635\u0644 \u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0646\u0642\u0637\u0639 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0627\u062d\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0646\u062a\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0631\u0623\u0649 \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u062c\u0632\u0626\u0629\u064b \u0645\u0635\u0637\u0646\u0639\u0629 \u062a\u0646\u062a\u0632\u0639\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u064a\u0637\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a \u0648\u062a\u0636\u0639\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u064f\u0635\u0645\u064e\u0651\u0645 \u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d \u0628\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0627 [30]<\/a><\/sup>.\n<\/p>\n

\n\u0623\u064f\u0642\u0631\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 1926 \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0623\u0648\u0644 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0623\u062b\u0651\u0631 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u0651\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0629\u061b \u0641\u0646\u0635\u0651 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0631\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u064f\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0628 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u0637\u0627\u0626\u0641\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u0649. \u0648\u062a\u064f\u0639\u062f\u0651 \u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0646\u0633\u0628\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629\u064b \u0628\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627\u060c \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u062c\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u064f\u0641\u0636\u0650 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u0639\u0644\u064a \u0628\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 [31]<\/a><\/sup>.\n<\/p>\n

\u0662. \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u062b\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644<\/h3>\n

\n\u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0645\u0646\u062a\u0635\u0641 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0631\u0627\u062d\u062a \u062a\u062a\u0628\u0644\u0648\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0635\u064a\u063a\u0629 \u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0643\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0631\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0626\u0641\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u064a\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645\u0629. \u062a\u062c\u0633\u0651\u062f\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u063a\u0629 \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d \u064a\u064f\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0628\u0640”\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u062b\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646\u064a” \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0628\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d\u0629: \u064a\u062a\u062e\u0644\u0651\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u064a\u062d\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0646 \u0645\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u064a\u062a\u062e\u0644\u0651\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0646 \u0645\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0647\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062c \u0645\u0639 \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a \u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u062a\u062c\u0633\u0651\u062f \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u062b\u0627\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0634\u062e\u0635\u064e\u064a \u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0628\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0630\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u062a\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u062b\u0651\u0644\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a [32]<\/a><\/sup>.\n<\/p>\n<\/section>\n

\n

\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u064f\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644<\/h2>\n

\u0661. \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0642\u0633\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a \u0648\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0627\u062a\u0647<\/h3>\n

\n\u0623\u062f\u062e\u0644\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u064b \u062c\u0648\u0647\u0631\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0634\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0628. \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0633\u0642\u0637\u062a \u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u0627 \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0623\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u064a\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0648 1940\u060c \u0627\u0646\u0642\u0633\u0645\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0643\u064a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0636\u064e\u064a\u0646: \u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a\u0634\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0648\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0631\u0627\u0644 \u0634\u0627\u0631\u0644 \u062f\u064a\u063a\u0648\u0644. \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0622\u062b\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a\u0634\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0651\u0627 \u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a \u062a\u0642\u0639 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0633\u064a\u0637\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0624\u064a\u0651\u062f\u064a \u0623\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627 [33]<\/a><\/sup>. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0623\u062b\u0627\u0631 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0645\u062e\u0627\u0648\u0641 \u0628\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0623\u0646 \u0623\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627.\n<\/p>\n

\n\u0641\u064a \u064a\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0648 1941\u060c \u0634\u0646\u0651\u062a \u0642\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0629 \u062d\u0645\u0644\u0629\u064b \u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0623\u062e\u0631\u062c\u062a \u0642\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a\u0634\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0645\u0627. \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0646\u062a \u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0631\u0627\u0644 \u062c\u0648\u0631\u062c \u0643\u0627\u062a\u0631\u0648 \u0645\u0645\u062b\u0651\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0644\u062f\u064a\u063a\u0648\u0644 \u064a\u0624\u0643\u0651\u062f \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0639\u062f. \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0646 \u062c\u0627\u0621 \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0628 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0635\u0631\u0651\u062d \u0631\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0648\u0636\u064a\u0629 “\u0628\u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0623\u064a\u0629 \u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u0639\u0644\u064a \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629” [34]<\/a><\/sup>.\n<\/p>\n

\u0662. \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1943<\/h3>\n

\n\u0623\u064f\u062c\u0631\u064a\u062a \u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0631\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u063a\u0633\u0637\u0633 1943\u060c \u0648\u062c\u0627\u0621\u062a \u0628\u0623\u063a\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d\u0629. \u0641\u0627\u0646\u062a\u064f\u062e\u0628 \u0628\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0644\u0651\u0641 \u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u062d \u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629. \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0646\u0648\u0641\u0645\u0628\u0631 1943\u060c \u0623\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062e\u0637\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0632\u0627\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u062f\u0651\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0628\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u062d\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0625\u0632\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635\u0648\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u064f\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a. \u063a\u0636\u0628\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0623\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0642\u0644\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0648\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u062d \u0648\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b \u0639\u0634\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0648\u0641\u0645\u0628\u0631 1943 \u0648\u0623\u0648\u062f\u0639\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0642\u0644\u0639\u0629 \u0631\u0627\u0634\u064a\u0627. \u0623\u0634\u0639\u0644 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u062c\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0634\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0631\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0629 \u063a\u0636\u0628 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062d\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u062f\u0648\u062c \u0623\u0630\u0639\u0646\u062a \u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u0627 \u0648\u0623\u0641\u0631\u062c\u062a \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0648\u0641\u0645\u0628\u0631 1943\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d \u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646\u064a [35]<\/a><\/sup>.\n<\/p>\n

\u0663. \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0648\u062c\u0644\u0627\u0621 1946<\/h3>\n

\n\u0641\u064a \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627 \u062c\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0627\u0645 1943 \u0648\u0641\u0627\u0632 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0646\u062a\u064f\u062e\u0628 \u0634\u0643\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u062a\u0644\u064a \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629. \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u0646 \u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u0627 \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0631\u0636\u064e \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0632\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0633 \u0639\u0646 \u0646\u0641\u0648\u0630\u0647\u0627. \u0641\u0641\u064a \u0645\u0627\u064a\u0648 1945\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u062f \u0623\u0648\u0634\u0643\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0623\u0642\u062f\u0645\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0648\u0642\u0637\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0646 \u062f\u0645\u0634\u0642\u060c \u062b\u0645 \u0648\u062c\u0651\u0647\u062a \u0645\u062f\u0627\u0641\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0642\u062a\u0644\u062a \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u064f\u0642\u062f\u064e\u0651\u0631 \u0628\u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0626\u0629 \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0648\u0647\u062f\u0645\u062a \u0645\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0632\u0644 [36]<\/a><\/sup>. \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0631\u0637 \u0641\u064a \u0644\u062d\u0638\u0629 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u2014\u0648\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u0627 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0637\u0644\u064a\u0639\u062a\u0647\u0645\u2014 \u064a\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064f\u0631\u0651\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639.\n<\/p>\n

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\n

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\n \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0634\u064a\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0626 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0648\u0627\u0629\u060c \u0648\u064a\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0621\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0644\u0645\u0627\u0630\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u0646\u0643\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u064a\u0645\u0646\u0629 \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0626\u061f
\n \u2014 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062d\u0627\u062f\u064a\u062b \u0632\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0646\u0642\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0646 \u0645\u0624\u0631\u0651\u062e\u064a\u0646 \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u064a\u0646<\/strong>\n<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

\u0664. \u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0634\u0643\u0651\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629<\/h3>\n

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