{"id":3000,"date":"2026-06-15T14:15:27","date_gmt":"2026-06-15T10:45:27","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/cosmalore.com\/ar\/?p=3000"},"modified":"2026-06-15T14:16:00","modified_gmt":"2026-06-15T10:46:00","slug":"%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a5%d9%85%d8%a8%d8%b1%d8%a7%d8%b7%d9%88%d8%b1%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%8a%d8%a7%d8%a8%d8%a7%d9%86%d9%8a%d8%a9","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/cosmalore.com\/ar\/wiki\/%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a5%d9%85%d8%a8%d8%b1%d8%a7%d8%b7%d9%88%d8%b1%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%8a%d8%a7%d8%a8%d8%a7%d9%86%d9%8a%d8%a9\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0637\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629"},"content":{"rendered":"<article>\n<p>\n\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0637\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629\u064f \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u064f (\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0629: <em>Empire of Japan<\/em>\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629: <em>Dai Nippon Teikoku<\/em> \u2014 \u0623\u064a &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0637\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0638\u0645\u0649&#8221;)\u060c \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0627\u0646\u064f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u064f\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0623\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0646\u0641\u0648\u0630\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u062a\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u062c\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 1868\u0645 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\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0643\u064a\u0644\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631 \u0645\u0631\u0628\u0639 \u0645\u0645\u062a\u062f\u0629\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0632\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0644 \u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0627\u064b \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0625\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0627 \u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0633\u0627\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646 \u063a\u0631\u0628\u0627\u064b \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u064a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u062f\u0626 \u0634\u0631\u0642\u0627\u064b.<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/event\/Meiji-Restoration\" title=\"1|Meiji Restoration Japanese Empire|Encyclopaedia Britannica|2026\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[1]<\/a><\/sup>\n<\/p>\n<p>\n\u062a\u0646\u0628\u062b\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0637\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 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\u0648\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0633\u0631\u064a \u0648\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0623\u0633\u0631\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628\u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0623\u0641\u0636\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0639\u0642\u062f \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0643\u0645 \u0637\u0648\u0643\u064a\u0648 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 (1946-1948\u0645) \u0648\u062a\u064f\u0635\u0646\u0651\u0641 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u062c\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0645\u064e \u0636\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629.\n<\/p>\n<p>\n\u0623\u0633\u062f\u0644\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0646\u0628\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0648\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u064f\u0644\u0642\u064a\u062a\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u064a\u0631\u0648\u0634\u064a\u0645\u0627 (6 \u0623\u063a\u0633\u0637\u0633 1945\u0645) \u0648\u0646\u0627\u063a\u0627\u0632\u0627\u0643\u064a (9 \u0623\u063a\u0633\u0637\u0633 1945\u0645) \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0631\u0629\u064e \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0637\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u061b \u0625\u0630 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0647\u064a\u0631\u0648\u0647\u064a\u062a\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064e \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0645\u0633 \u0639\u0634\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u063a\u0633\u0637\u0633 1945\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u062e\u0637\u0627\u0628\u064d \u0625\u0630\u0627\u0639\u064a\u064d\u0651 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u064d\u0651 \u0648\u064f\u0635\u0641 \u0628\u0640&#8221;\u0635\u0648\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0647\u0631\u0629&#8221; (Jewel Voice Broadcast)\u060c \u0648\u0623\u064f\u0645\u0636\u064a \u0648\u062b\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0633\u0628\u062a\u0645\u0628\u0631 1945\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0641\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u0648 \u0625\u0633 \u0625\u0633 \u0645\u064a\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a. \u0648\u062e\u0636\u0639\u062a \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0639\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0644\u064d \u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u064d\u0651 \u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a\u064d\u0651 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0651\u0645 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0631\u0627\u0644 \u062f\u0648\u063a\u0644\u0627\u0633 \u0645\u0627\u0643\u0627\u0631\u062b\u0631\u060c \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0649 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0635\u064a\u0627\u063a\u0629 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u064d \u064a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u0646\u064a\u064d\u0651 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0639\u0627\u0645 1947\u0645 \u064a\u064f\u0644\u063a\u064a \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0647\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0637\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u064a\u064f\u062d\u0648\u0651\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0631\u0645\u0632\u064d \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u064a\u064d\u0651 \u0628\u0644\u0627 \u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0627\u062a\u064d \u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630\u064a\u0629.\n<\/p>\n<p><!-- ====== \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0641\u0648\u0628\u0627\u0643\u0633 ====== --><\/p>\n<div class=\"infobox\">\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr class=\"ib-sec\">\n<td colspan=\"2\">\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0637\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"ib-row\">\n<td class=\"ib-label\">\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u0646\u064a<\/td>\n<td class=\"ib-val\">\u5927\u65e5\u672c\u5e1d\u56fd \u2014 Dai Nippon Teikoku (\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0637\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0638\u0645\u0649)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"ib-row\">\n<td class=\"ib-label\">\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0645\u0629<\/td>\n<td class=\"ib-val\">\u0637\u0648\u0643\u064a\u0648 (\u0625\u064a\u062f\u0648 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0627\u064b) \u2014 \u0645\u0646\u0630 1869\u0645<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"ib-row\">\n<td class=\"ib-label\">\u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<td class=\"ib-val\">\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"ib-row\">\n<td class=\"ib-label\">\u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<td class=\"ib-val\">\u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u0646\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0629 (\u062d\u062a\u0649 1945\u0645)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"ib-row\">\n<td class=\"ib-label\">\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0627\u0631<\/td>\n<td class=\"ib-val\">\u0642\u0631\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0645\u0631 (\u65e5\u7ae0\u65d7 \u2014 \u0646\u064a\u0634\u0648\u0643\u064a)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"ib-row\">\n<td class=\"ib-label\">\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u064a\u062f<\/td>\n<td class=\"ib-val\"><em>Kimi ga Yo<\/em> (\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a \u063a\u0627 \u064a\u0648 \u2014 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0632\u0627\u0644 \u0646\u0634\u064a\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0627\u064b \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"ib-sec\">\n<td colspan=\"2\">\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0633\u064a\u0633 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0632\u0648\u0627\u0644<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"ib-row\">\n<td class=\"ib-label\">\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u062c\u064a<\/td>\n<td class=\"ib-val\">3 \u064a\u0646\u0627\u064a\u0631 1868\u0645<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"ib-row\">\n<td class=\"ib-label\">\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u062c\u064a<\/td>\n<td class=\"ib-val\">11 \u0641\u0628\u0631\u0627\u064a\u0631 1889\u0645<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"ib-row\">\n<td class=\"ib-label\">\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064f\u0639\u0644\u064e\u0646<\/td>\n<td class=\"ib-val\">15 \u0623\u063a\u0633\u0637\u0633 1945\u0645<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"ib-row\">\n<td class=\"ib-label\">\u0648\u062b\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<td class=\"ib-val\">2 \u0633\u0628\u062a\u0645\u0628\u0631 1945\u0645 \u2014 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0638\u0647\u0631 USS Missouri<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"ib-row\">\n<td class=\"ib-label\">\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f<\/td>\n<td class=\"ib-val\">3 \u0645\u0627\u064a\u0648 1947\u0645 \u2014 \u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0637\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"ib-sec\">\n<td colspan=\"2\">\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0627\u0637\u0631\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"ib-row\">\n<td class=\"ib-label\">\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u062c\u064a<\/td>\n<td class=\"ib-val\">\u0645\u0648\u062a\u0633\u0648\u0647\u064a\u062a\u0648 (1868-1912\u0645) \u2014 \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"ib-row\">\n<td class=\"ib-label\">\u0625\u0645\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u064a\u0634\u0648<\/td>\n<td class=\"ib-val\">\u064a\u0648\u0634\u064a\u0647\u064a\u062a\u0648 (1912-1926\u0645)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"ib-row\">\n<td class=\"ib-label\">\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0634\u0648\u0648\u0627<\/td>\n<td class=\"ib-val\">\u0647\u064a\u0631\u0648\u0647\u064a\u062a\u0648 (1926-1989\u0645) \u2014 \u0625\u0645\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"ib-sec\">\n<td colspan=\"2\">\u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"ib-row\">\n<td class=\"ib-label\">\u0623\u0642\u0635\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0629 (1942\u0645)<\/td>\n<td class=\"ib-val\">~7,400,000 \u0643\u0645\u00b2 <sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Empire_of_Japan\" title=\"3|Empire of Japan Peak Territory|Wikipedia|2026\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[3]<\/a><\/sup><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"ib-row\">\n<td class=\"ib-label\">\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u0646 (1940\u0645)<\/td>\n<td class=\"ib-val\">~73 \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646 (\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0647\u0627)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"ib-row\">\n<td class=\"ib-label\">\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0637\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 (1942\u0645)<\/td>\n<td class=\"ib-val\">~100 \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0646\u0633\u0645\u0629 (\u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062a)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"ib-row\">\n<td class=\"ib-label\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u0649<\/td>\n<td class=\"ib-val\">\u062a\u0627\u064a\u0648\u0627\u0646 (1895\u0645) \u2014 \u0643\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627 (1910\u0645) \u2014 \u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627 (1931\u0645) \u2014 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646 (\u0623\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0621) \u2014 \u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628 \u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0622\u0633\u064a\u0627 (1942\u0645)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"ib-sec\">\n<td colspan=\"2\">\u0623\u0628\u0631\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"ib-row\">\n<td class=\"ib-label\">\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649<\/td>\n<td class=\"ib-val\">1894-1895\u0645 (\u0643\u0633\u0628: \u062a\u0627\u064a\u0648\u0627\u0646)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"ib-row\">\n<td class=\"ib-label\">\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<td class=\"ib-val\">1904-1905\u0645 (\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0631 \u0622\u0633\u064a\u0648\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0627)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"ib-row\">\n<td class=\"ib-label\">\u0636\u0645 \u0643\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627<\/td>\n<td class=\"ib-val\">1910\u0645<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"ib-row\">\n<td class=\"ib-label\">\u063a\u0632\u0648 \u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627<\/td>\n<td class=\"ib-val\">1931\u0645 (\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0627\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0643\u0648)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"ib-row\">\n<td class=\"ib-label\">\u0647\u062c\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0644 \u0647\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631<\/td>\n<td class=\"ib-val\">7 \u062f\u064a\u0633\u0645\u0628\u0631 1941\u0645<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"ib-row\">\n<td class=\"ib-label\">\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0645\u064a\u062f\u0648\u0627\u064a<\/td>\n<td class=\"ib-val\">4-7 \u064a\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0648 1942\u0645 (\u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0651\u0644)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"ib-row\">\n<td class=\"ib-label\">\u0647\u064a\u0631\u0648\u0634\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u0648\u0646\u0627\u063a\u0627\u0632\u0627\u0643\u064a<\/td>\n<td class=\"ib-val\">6 \u06489 \u0623\u063a\u0633\u0637\u0633 1945\u0645<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<div class=\"ib-foot\">COSMALORE \u00b7 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0633\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p><!-- ====== \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 ====== --><\/p>\n<h2 id=\"koz-h-0\">\u0661. \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u0628\u0644 1868\u0645: \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0632\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628<\/h2>\n<p>\n\u0644\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0637\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u0645\u0642\u064d \u0643\u0627\u0641\u064d\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u0628\u062f\u0651 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0639\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0645\u0627 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1868\u0645 \u0628\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0647\u061b \u0641\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0638\u0644 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0648\u063a\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0643\u0648\u063a\u0627\u0648\u064a (1603-1868\u0645) \u062a\u0639\u064a\u0634 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629\u064b \u0634\u0628\u0647 \u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0632\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0648\u0641\u0629 \u0628\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 &#8220;\u0633\u0627\u0643\u0648\u0643\u0648&#8221; (Sakoku \u2014 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0641\u0644). \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u064f\u0633\u0645\u062d \u0628\u062f\u062e\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u0628\u062e\u0631\u0648\u062c \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u064a\u0651\u062f\u0629\u064c \u0628\u0635\u0631\u0627\u0645\u0629\u064d \u0641\u064a \u0645\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0646\u0627\u063a\u0627\u0632\u0627\u0643\u064a \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0644\u0646\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064f\u0631\u062e\u064e\u0651\u0635. \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u062a\u0646\u0638\u0651\u0645 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u0627 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0648\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639\u064a (\u0647\u0627\u0646) \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0633\u0631\u064d \u0625\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629\u064d \u0645\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0633\u0629 (\u062f\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0648) \u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0637\u0639\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0638\u0644 \u0633\u0644\u0637\u0629\u064d \u0634\u0648\u063a\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629\u064d \u0627\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u064a\u062f\u0648 (\u0637\u0648\u0643\u064a\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629).\n<\/p>\n<p>\n\u063a\u064a\u0651\u0631 \u0642\u062f\u0648\u0645\u064f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a \u0645\u0627\u062b\u064a\u0648 \u0628\u064a\u0631\u064a \u0641\u064a \u064a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0648 1853\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0631\u0623\u0633 \u0623\u0633\u0637\u0648\u0644\u0647 \u0645\u0646 &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0621&#8221; (Black Ships) \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644\u0629\u064e \u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0632\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u064b\u061b \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0631\u0633\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062e\u0644\u064a\u062c \u0625\u064a\u062f\u0648 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0626\u0630\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0645\u0639\u0647 \u0633\u0641\u0646\u064c \u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0628\u062e\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u062a\u0631\u0641\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0641\u0648\u0647\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u062f\u0627\u0641\u0639 \u0623\u0634\u062f \u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0641\u062a\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0626 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629. \u0623\u0631\u063a\u0645\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629\u064e \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0639 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0647\u062f\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u0627\u063a\u0627\u0648\u0627 (1854\u0645) \u062b\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0647\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 &#8220;\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0641\u0626\u0629&#8221; \u0639\u0627\u0645 1858\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u0630\u0639\u0646\u062a \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0637\u064d \u0645\u0647\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0628\u0647\u0629\u064d \u0644\u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0641\u064f\u0631\u0636\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0642\u0628 \u062d\u0631\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u064a\u0648\u0646. \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0635\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0647\u0646 \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628 \u0648\u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u062a\u062a\u0634\u0643\u0651\u0644 \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0623\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0648\u0636\u0648\u062d\u064d \u0645\u064f\u0630\u0647\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0636\u062d\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0624\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0631\u0642: \u0643\u064a\u0641 \u064a\u062a\u062c\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0635\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0633\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064f\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u064e\u0631\u0629\u061f<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/banotes.org\/modern-east-asia-japan-c-1868-1945\/japan-expansion-from-isolation-to-imperial-power\/\" title=\"4|Perry Black Ships Japan Opening|BA Notes|2025\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[4]<\/a><\/sup>\n<\/p>\n<p>\n\u0623\u0634\u0639\u0644\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0635\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0627\u064b \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0627\u064b \u062d\u0627\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u061b \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0648\u063a\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0643\u0648\u063a\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062c\u062f\u062a \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0627\u062c\u0632\u0629\u064b \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0651\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0641\u0627\u0646\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0636\u0639\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0631\u0629\u064d \u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0642\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064d \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0642\u0648\u0649\u064b \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0635\u0639\u062f \u062a\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0641\u064c \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0645\u0648\u0631\u0627\u064a \u2014 \u0644\u0627 \u0633\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u064a\u0644\u062a\u064e\u064a \u0634\u0648\u0634\u0648 \u0648\u0633\u0627\u062a\u0633\u0648\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639\u064a\u062a\u064e\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628\u064a\u062a\u064e\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062a\u064e\u064a\u0646 \u0637\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u062f\u0627\u0621\u064d \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0648\u063a\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u2014 \u0631\u0627\u0641\u0639\u0627\u064b \u0634\u0639\u0627\u0631 &#8220;\u0633\u0648\u0651\u0646\u0648 \u062c\u0648\u0651\u064a&#8221; (Sonn\u014d J\u014di \u2014 &#8220;\u0623\u062c\u0651\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0637\u0648\u0631\u060c \u0623\u062e\u0631\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628&#8221;)\u060c \u062b\u0645 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u0651\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0641\u0647 \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0646\u062d\u0648: &#8220;\u0623\u062c\u0651\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0651\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0644\u0637\u0631\u062f\u0647\u0645.&#8221; \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0651\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a \u0647\u0648 \u062c\u0648\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0633\u062a\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u062c\u064a.\n<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"koz-h-1\">\u0662. \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u062c\u064a 1868\u0645: \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0628\u062f\u0651\u0644\u062a \u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0622\u0633\u064a\u0627<\/h2>\n<p>\n\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b \u0645\u0646 \u064a\u0646\u0627\u064a\u0631 1868\u0645\u060c \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0641 \u0633\u0627\u062a\u0633\u0648\u0645\u0627-\u0634\u0648\u0634\u0648 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0635\u0631\u064d \u0625\u0645\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0637\u0648\u0631\u064a\u064d\u0651 \u0628\u0643\u064a\u0648\u062a\u0648 \u0645\u0627 \u0633\u064f\u0645\u0651\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u062c\u064a\u060c \u0645\u064f\u0639\u0644\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0628 \u0645\u0648\u062a\u0633\u0648\u0647\u064a\u062a\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0631 \u062e\u0645\u0633\u0629 \u0639\u0634\u0631 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0627\u064b. \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0641\u064a \u0635\u0648\u0631\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0646\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0628\u0627\u064b \u0642\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0636\u0645\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629\u064d \u0642\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629\u064d \u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0630\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u0646\u064a\u064d\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0629\u064d \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639\u0629\u064d \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0623\u064f\u0637\u0644\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u062a\u0633\u0648\u0647\u064a\u062a\u0648 \u0644\u0642\u0628 \u0639\u0647\u062f &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u062c\u064a&#8221; (Meiji \u2014 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0631) \u062a\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0635\u0631\u064a\u062d\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0646\u0647\u0636\u0629\u064d \u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629.<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/event\/Meiji-Restoration\" title=\"5|Meiji Restoration 1868 History|Encyclopaedia Britannica|2026\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[5]<\/a><\/sup>\n<\/p>\n<p>\n\u062c\u0627\u0621\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0627\u062f\u0651\u0629\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0629\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0625\u064a\u0642\u0627\u0639\u0647\u0627\u061b \u0641\u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1868\u0645 \u062d\u062a\u0649 1873\u0645\u060c \u0623\u064f\u0644\u063a\u064a \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u0646 (\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639) \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u064f\u0639\u064a\u0636 \u0639\u0646\u0647 \u0628\u062a\u0642\u0633\u064a\u0645\u064d \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a\u064d\u0651 \u0645\u0648\u062d\u0651\u062f\u064d \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a\u064d\u0651 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638\u0627\u062a \u064a\u0631\u0623\u0633\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0648\u0638\u0641\u0648\u0646 \u062a\u064f\u0639\u064a\u0651\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629\u064b. \u0648\u0623\u064f\u0644\u063a\u064a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0645\u0648\u0631\u0627\u064a \u2014 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u2014 \u0648\u062d\u064f\u0631\u0645\u0648\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u0642\u0651 \u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u0646\u064a\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0648\u0639\u064f\u0648\u0650\u0651\u0636\u0648\u0627 \u0628\u0645\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0627\u062a\u064d \u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629\u064d \u062a\u062d\u0648\u0651\u0644\u062a \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0646\u062f\u0627\u062a\u064d \u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0641\u064f\u0631\u0636 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0646\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 1873\u0645 \u0645\u064f\u0633\u0648\u0651\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0637\u064a\u0639\u0629\u064d \u062c\u0630\u0631\u064a\u0629\u064d \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0645\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628.\n<\/p>\n<p>\n\u0623\u0631\u0633\u0644\u062a \u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u062c\u064a \u0628\u0639\u062b\u0629\u064b \u062f\u0628\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629\u064b \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0636\u062e\u0645\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0627 \u0648\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u0627 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1871\u0645 \u0639\u064f\u0631\u0641\u062a \u0628\u0640&#8221;\u0628\u0639\u062b\u0629 \u0625\u064a\u0648\u0627\u0643\u0648\u0631\u0627&#8221; (Iwakura Mission) \u0636\u0645\u0651\u062a \u0645\u0626\u0629\u064b \u0648\u0633\u0628\u0639\u0629\u064b \u0648\u0639\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0636\u0648\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0631\u0641\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0645\u0646 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0645 \u0646\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628\u0627\u064b. \u0642\u0636\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u062b\u0629 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0633\u0646\u062a\u064e\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062f\u064a\u0633\u0645\u0628\u0631 1871\u0645 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u062a\u0645\u0628\u0631 1873\u0645\u060c \u062a\u062f\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u0627 \u0648\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u0627 \u0648\u0623\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0631\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0644\u0635\u0629\u064b \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0644 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645\u064d \u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u0646. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0634\u0643\u0651\u0644\u062a \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u062b\u0629 \u062e\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0629\u064e \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064d \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u0646\u064a: \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a-\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a.<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/origins.osu.edu\/read\/japans-meiji-restoration\" title=\"6|Iwakura Mission 1871|Origins OSU|2023\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[6]<\/a><\/sup>\n<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"koz-h-2\">\u0663. \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644: \u0623\u064f\u0645\u0629\u064c \u062a\u0628\u0646\u064a \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u0627<\/h2>\n<p>\n\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0639\u0642\u0628 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u062c\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u062c\u0632\u0629\u064b \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u064a\u0629\u064b \u0646\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u061b \u0641\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062e\u0645\u0633\u0629 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1871\u0645 \u0623\u064f\u0646\u0634\u0626\u062a \u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u0623\u064f\u0631\u0633\u064a\u062a \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0628\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629\u064c \u0625\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0634\u0645\u0644\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a. \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 1890\u0645 \u0635\u062f\u0631 &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0633\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0637\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645&#8221; \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629\u064b 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\u0631\u0645\u0632\u064a\u0629\u064d \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a\u064d \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0634\u0643\u0651\u0644\u062a \u0645\u0627 \u0639\u064f\u0631\u0641 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0640&#8221;\u0638\u0627\u064a\u0628\u0627\u062a\u0633\u0648&#8221; (Zaibatsu) \u2014 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u062a\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629-\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0626\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u0649 \u0643\u0645\u064a\u062a\u0633\u0648\u064a \u0648\u0645\u064a\u062a\u0633\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0634\u064a \u0648\u0633\u0648\u0645\u064a\u062a\u0648\u0645\u0648 \u0648\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0648\u062f\u0627. \u0623\u064f\u0646\u0634\u0626 \u0623\u0648\u0644 \u062e\u0637\u064d\u0651 \u0644\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1872\u0645 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0637\u0648\u0643\u064a\u0648 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\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0623\u062c\u064e\u0631\u0648\u0646) \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u0627 \u0648\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u0642\u0648\u062f\u064d \u062c\u064a\u0651\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0631\u060c \u062b\u0645 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u062a \u0628\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629\u064d \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u0651\u0645 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u0648\u0625\u062d\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0644\u0651\u0647\u0645 \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0627\u064b.<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/japansociety.org\/news\/imperial-japan-1894-1945\/\" title=\"7|Imperial Japan Industrialization 1894-1945|Japan Society|2024\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[7]<\/a><\/sup>\n<\/p>\n<p>\n\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a \u064a\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0632\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u061b \u0641\u0646\u064f\u0638\u0650\u0651\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u063a\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0628\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629\u064d \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0647\u062c \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064d \u0635\u0627\u0631\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0633\u0644\u064a\u062d \u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b. \u0648\u0623\u064f\u0646\u0634\u0626\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629 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\u0641\u0628\u0631\u0627\u064a\u0631 1889\u0645\u060c \u0623\u064f\u0639\u0644\u0646 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u062c\u064a (Meiji Constitution) \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0623\u0648\u0644 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u064d \u0645\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0628\u064d \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0622\u0633\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0629. \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0635\u064a\u0627\u063a\u062a\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u064a\u062f\u064d \u0645\u0646 \u0625\u064a\u062a\u0648 \u0647\u064a\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0648\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062f\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0633\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0637\u0648\u0651\u0644\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0648\u0625\u0646 \u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0627\u0641 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c 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\u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u064a\u0628\u0629.\n<\/p>\n<p>\n\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u064f\u0645\u0627\u0631\u064e\u0633 \u0628\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629\u064d \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629\u064d \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u064a\u064f\u0639\u0631\u064e\u0641\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0640&#8221;\u0627\u0644\u063a\u064a\u0646\u0631\u0648&#8221; (Genr\u014d \u2014 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0627\u0631)\u060c \u0643\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064f\u062d\u0631\u0651\u0643\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0637\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064f\u0642\u0631\u0650\u0651\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0623\u062a\u0627\u062d\u062a \u0635\u064a\u0627\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0630\u0651\u0631\u064e \u062a\u062d\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0623\u064a \u062c\u0647\u0629\u064d \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u064a\u064f\u0635\u0627\u063a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0641\u0627\u0648\u0636\u0627\u062a\u064d \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629\u064d \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0634 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u0637 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u063a\u064a\u0646\u0631\u0648\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u064f\u0642\u062f\u064e\u0651\u0633\u0627\u064b \u0648\u0645\u064f\u0628\u062c\u064e\u0651\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0639\u064a\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631.<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/fanningtheflames.hoover.org\/shorthand-story\/4\" title=\"8|Meiji Constitution 1889 Japan|Hoover Institution|2024\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[8]<\/a><\/sup>\n<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"koz-h-4\">\u0665. \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 1894-1895\u0645: \u0628\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0637\u0648\u0631\u064a<\/h2>\n<p>\n\u062a\u062c\u0644\u0651\u0649 \u0627\u0645\u062a\u062d\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0637\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 (1894-1895\u0645)\u061b \u0625\u0630 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0627\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0648\u0630 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627 \u2014 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0634\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u062a\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0643\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0637\u0648\u0643\u064a\u0648 \u0642\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a\u064d \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u2014 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631\u064e \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0643 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0623\u0633\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u0634\u064a\u0646\u063a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629. \u0641\u064a \u0623\u063a\u0633\u0637\u0633 1894\u0645 \u0627\u0646\u062f\u0644\u0639\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0625\u062b\u0631 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\u0648\u0623\u0646\u0647\u062a \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0647\u062f\u0629 \u0634\u064a\u0645\u0648\u0646\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0643\u064a (\u0623\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0644 1895\u0645) \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0628\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0637\u064d \u064a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629: \u062a\u0646\u0627\u0632\u0644\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0646 \u062c\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u0627\u064a\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u062c\u0632\u0631 \u0628\u064a\u0633\u0643\u0627\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0648\u0634\u0628\u0647 \u062c\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u064a\u0627\u0648\u062f\u0648\u0646\u063a\u060c \u0648\u0633\u062f\u0651\u062f\u062a \u062a\u0639\u0648\u064a\u0636\u0627\u062a\u064d \u062d\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629\u064d \u0636\u062e\u0645\u0629.<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/japansociety.org\/news\/the-meiji-restoration-era-1868-1889\/\" title=\"9|Sino-Japanese War 1894 Taiwan|Japan Society|2025\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[9]<\/a><\/sup>\n<\/p>\n<p>\n\u0628\u064a\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u062e\u0651\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0642\u0627\u062f\u062a\u0647 \u0631\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0627 \u0628\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u0627 \u0648\u0623\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u062a\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0647\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629\u064b \u0623\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u0646\u064e \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0634\u0628\u0647 \u062c\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u064a\u0627\u0648\u062f\u0648\u0646\u063a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u062a\u0639\u0648\u064a\u0636\u064d \u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u064d\u0651 \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u064a. \u063a\u0636\u0628\u062a \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0631\u062f\u0651\u0629&#8221; \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0637\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u064a\u0642\u0651\u0646\u062a \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0631\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0627\u064b \u062d\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0629\u064c \u0644\u0627 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0635 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627\u061b \u0641\u0627\u0646\u0637\u0644\u0642\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c\u064d \u0645\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0639\u064d \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0637\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0645\u0629.\n<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"koz-h-5\">\u0666. \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0629 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\u0633\u0641\u064a\u0646\u0629\u064b \u0631\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0629\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0635\u0644 \u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064d \u0648\u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0641\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062e\u0645\u0633\u0629\u064d \u0622\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0642\u062a\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u0633\u062a\u0629 \u0622\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0623\u0633\u064a\u0631.<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/banotes.org\/modern-east-asia-japan-c-1868-1945\/japan-expansion-from-isolation-to-imperial-power\/\" title=\"10|Russo-Japanese War 1904-1905|BA Notes|2025\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[10]<\/a><\/sup>\n<\/p>\n<p>\n\u0623\u0646\u0647\u062a \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0647\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0648\u0631\u062a\u0633\u0645\u0648\u062b (\u0633\u0628\u062a\u0645\u0628\u0631 1905\u0645) 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\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0644\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u064a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u062f\u0626\u060c \u0648\u0633\u0639\u062a \u0644\u0641\u0631\u0636 \u0646\u0641\u0648\u0630\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0640&#8221;\u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f \u0648\u0639\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u064b&#8221; \u0639\u0627\u0645 1915\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0645\u062b\u0651\u0644\u062a \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0629\u064b \u0644\u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646 \u0634\u0628\u0647 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u064a\u0629\u064d \u064a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0648 \u0642\u064f\u0628\u0644\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0647\u0627.\n<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"koz-h-7\">\u0668. \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628: \u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629\u064c \u0648\u0642\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629\u064c \u0645\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0639\u062f\u062a\u0627\u0646 (1931-1941\u0645)<\/h2>\n<p>\n\u0645\u062b\u0651\u0644 \u063a\u0632\u0648 \u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0628\u062a\u0645\u0628\u0631 1931\u0645 \u2014 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062f\u0628\u0651\u0631\u0647 \u0636\u0628\u0651\u0627\u0637\u064c \u064a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642\u0629\u064d \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0627 \u0639\u064f\u0631\u0641 \u0628\u0640&#8221;\u062d\u0627\u062f\u062b\u0629 \u0645\u0648\u0643\u062f\u0646&#8221; \u2014 \u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0627\u064b \u0636\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u062a\u062a \u0642\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0639\u0632\u0644\u064d \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629. \u0623\u064f\u0642\u064a\u0645\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629\u064c \u062f\u0645\u064a\u0629\u064c \u0623\u064f\u0637\u0644\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u0645 &#8220;\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0643\u0648&#8221; (Manchukuo) \u0648\u0648\u064f\u0636\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0623\u0628\u0627\u0637\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0633\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u0634\u064a\u0646\u063a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646\u064a \u0628\u0648\u064a \u0648\u0628\u0648\u0635\u0641\u0647 \u062d\u0627\u0643\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0631\u0645\u0632\u064a\u0627\u064b. \u0631\u0641\u0636\u062a \u0639\u0635\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0628\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0643\u0648 \u0648\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0646\u0633\u062d\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0641\u0627\u0646\u0633\u062d\u0628\u062a \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0635\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1933\u0645 \u0628\u062f\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0633\u062d\u0627\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627.<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/japansociety.org\/news\/imperial-japan-1894-1945\/\" title=\"11|Manchuria 1931 Mukden Incident|Japan Society|2024\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[11]<\/a><\/sup>\n<\/p>\n<p>\n\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0646\u0641\u0648\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629\u064d \u0645\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a\u061b \u0641\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0643\u0631\u0631\u0629 \u2014 \u0644\u0627 \u0633\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0646\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0628 26 \u0641\u0628\u0631\u0627\u064a\u0631 1936\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0627\u063a\u062a\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u062f\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0643\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u2014 \u0623\u0631\u0633\u0644\u062a \u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0629\u064b \u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062a\u062c\u0646\u0651\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0637\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0641\u064a \u064a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0648 1937\u0645\u060c \u0623\u0634\u0639\u0644\u062a \u062d\u0627\u062f\u062b\u0629 \u062c\u0633\u0631 \u0645\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0648 \u0628\u0648\u0644\u0648 (\u062c\u0633\u0631 \u0644\u0648\u0643\u0648\u0648 \u062e\u064a\u0627\u0648) \u0642\u0631\u0628 \u0628\u0643\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u062a\u064a\u0644\u064e \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0646 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0641\u0627\u0646 \u062d\u0631\u0628\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629. \u0648\u0641\u064a \u062f\u064a\u0633\u0645\u0628\u0631 1937\u0645\u060c \u0633\u0642\u0637\u062a \u0639\u0627\u0635\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0646\u0627\u0646\u0643\u064a\u0646\u063a (\u0646\u0627\u0646\u062c\u064a\u0646\u063a) \u0641\u064a \u064a\u062f\u064e\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0644\u064a\u0623\u062a\u064a \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0644\u0627 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0645\u064f\u0648\u062b\u064e\u0651\u0642\u0629 \u0635\u0627\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0639\u0645\u0642 \u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a.\n<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"koz-h-8\">\u0669. \u0645\u062c\u0632\u0631\u0629 \u0646\u0627\u0646\u062c\u064a\u0646\u063a \u0648\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062b\u0651\u0642\u0629<\/h2>\n<p>\n\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u062a\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u062f\u064a\u0633\u0645\u0628\u0631 1937\u0645 \u0648\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0639 \u064a\u0646\u0627\u064a\u0631 1938\u0645\u060c \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0643\u0628\u062a \u0642\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0644\u0651\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0646\u0627\u0646\u062c\u064a\u0646\u063a \u0645\u0627 \u0648\u0635\u0641\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0624\u0631\u062e\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u064c \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0628\u0634\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0632\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u061b \u0641\u0648\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u062d\u0643\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0643\u0645 \u0637\u0648\u0643\u064a\u0648 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1948\u0645 \u0648\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u062b\u0628\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0631\u062e\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0630\u0626\u0630\u064d\u060c \u0644\u0642\u064a \u0645\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0626\u0629\u064d \u0648\u062e\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0645\u0626\u062a\u064e\u064a \u0623\u0644\u0641 \u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629\u064d \u062d\u062a\u0641\u064e\u0647\u0645 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0639 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0651\u0636\u062a \u0639\u0634\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064c \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0621 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u063a\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c\u064a \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0631\u064a\u0645\u0629\u064d \u0648\u064f\u0635\u0641\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0636\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0623\u0628\u0644\u063a \u0635\u062d\u0641\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0633\u0641\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0645\u0631\u0633\u064e\u0644\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0646\u0627\u0626\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0642\u0648\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0639 \u062a\u0641\u0635\u064a\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0631\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0648\u0645\u0630\u0643\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064d \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0632\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u062a\u0648\u062b\u064a\u0642\u064d \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u064d\u0651 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629.<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/history.howstuffworks.com\/historical-figures\/hirohito.htm\" title=\"12|Nanking Massacre 1937 200000|HowStuffWorks History|2024\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[12]<\/a><\/sup>\n<\/p>\n<p>\n\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0645\u0629\u064c \u0645\u0648\u062b\u0651\u0642\u0629\u064c \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0642\u0644 \u0641\u062f\u0627\u062d\u0629\u064b \u0647\u064a \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 731 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0629 (Unit 731) \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a 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(\u0625\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0627) \u0641\u064a \u0623\u064a\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u062f\u064a\u0633\u0645\u0628\u0631 1941\u0645 \u0648\u0623\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0644 1942\u0645\u060c \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0645\u0644\u0629\u064d \u0642\u064f\u062f\u0650\u0651\u0645\u062a \u0644\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0633\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u064e\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0634\u0639\u0627\u0631 &#8220;\u0622\u0633\u064a\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0622\u0633\u064a\u0648\u064a\u064a\u0646&#8221; \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a \u2014 \u0648\u0625\u0646 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u062f \u0623\u062b\u0628\u062a\u062a \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0643\u0646 \u064a\u064f\u0642\u064a\u0651\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0648\u0628 \u062a\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0644 \u064a\u064f\u0642\u064a\u0651\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631\u064d \u0622\u062e\u0631.\n<\/p>\n<p>\n\u0641\u064a \u064a\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0648 1942\u0645\u060c \u062c\u0627\u0621\u062a \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0645\u064a\u062f\u0648\u0627\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629\u064e \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0651\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u064a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u062f\u0626\u061b \u0625\u0630 \u062e\u0633\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629 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\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u064a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u062e\u0637\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062c\u0648\u0645 \u0633\u0644\u0641\u0627\u064b. \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u064a\u062f\u0648\u0627\u064a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629\u064d \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0648\u064a\u0636 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0648\u0647\u0631\u0647\u0627: \u0641\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u0637\u0639 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0636\u0629\u064e \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062c\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u062c\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064f\u062b\u0627\u0628\u0631.\n<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"koz-h-10\">\u0661\u0661. \u0647\u064a\u0631\u0648\u0634\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u0648\u0646\u0627\u063a\u0627\u0632\u0627\u0643\u064a: \u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0629\u064c \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u064f\u0634\u0628\u0647 \u0628\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0629<\/h2>\n<p>\n\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062f\u0633 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u063a\u0633\u0637\u0633 1945\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0645\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u062e\u0645\u0633 \u0639\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629\u064b \u0635\u0628\u0627\u062d\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0642\u064a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0623\u0633\u0642\u0637\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 &#8220;\u0625\u064a\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0627 \u063a\u0627\u064a&#8221; \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0646\u0628\u0644\u0629\u064e \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0631\u064a\u0629 &#8220;\u0644\u064a\u062a\u0644 \u0628\u0648\u064a&#8221; (Little Boy) \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0647\u064a\u0631\u0648\u0634\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u064f\u0641\u062c\u0639 \u0642\u0628\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0642\u0635\u0641\u064d \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629\u064d \u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a. \u0623\u0628\u0627\u062f\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0641\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0648\u062d \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0633\u0628\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0644\u0641 \u0634\u062e\u0635\u064d \u0641\u0648\u0631\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0648\u0642\u0636\u0649 \u0639\u0634\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064c \u0645\u0646 \u0622\u0644\u0627\u0641\u064d \u0622\u062e\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0644\u0627\u062d\u0642\u0627\u064b \u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0648\u062d \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0648\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0639\u0627\u0639. \u0648\u0628\u0639\u062f \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0623\u064a\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0633\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u063a\u0633\u0637\u0633\u060c \u0623\u0633\u0642\u0637\u062a \u0642\u0646\u0628\u0644\u0629\u064c \u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u064f\u0637\u0644\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 &#8220;\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0627\u0646&#8221; (Fat Man) \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0627\u063a\u0627\u0632\u0627\u0643\u064a \u0645\u064f\u062d\u062f\u0650\u062b\u0629\u064b \u062e\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629\u064b \u0645\u0645\u0627\u062b\u0644\u0629. \u0648\u062a\u064f\u0642\u062f\u0650\u0651\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062b\u0651\u0642\u0629 \u0625\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0636\u062d\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0646\u0628\u0644\u062a\u064e\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646 129,000 \u0648226,000 \u0634\u062e\u0635\u060c \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0638\u0645\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646.<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/graphsearch.epfl.ch\/en\/publication\/52034\" title=\"14|Hiroshima Nagasaki Atomic Bombings 1945|EPFL Graph Search|2024\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[14]<\/a><\/sup>\n<\/p>\n<p>\n\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u063a\u0633\u0637\u0633\u060c \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f 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\u0648\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0646\u0642\u0627\u0634\u064d \u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u0639\u0645\u064a\u0642 \u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629\u064b \u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0648\u062a\u0633\u062f\u0627\u0645.<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nationalww2museum.org\/war\/articles\/japans-surrender-part-i\" title=\"15|Japan Surrender Hirohito Decision|National WWII Museum|2020\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[15]<\/a><\/sup>\n<\/p>\n<p>\n\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0645\u0633 \u0639\u0634\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u063a\u0633\u0637\u0633 1945\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0638\u0647\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0642\u064a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0628\u062b\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0648 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\u0648\u0625\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0627 \u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0644 \u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0627.<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/unm-historiography.github.io\/metahistory\/essays\/non-western\/meiji-restoration-japanese-historiography.html\" title=\"16|Meiji Modernization Legacy Non-Western|UNM Historiography|2019\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[16]<\/a><\/sup>\n<\/p>\n<p>\n\u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0635\u0639\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0632\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0644\u0641\u0651 \u062c\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 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