{"id":2997,"date":"2026-06-15T14:13:53","date_gmt":"2026-06-15T10:43:53","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/cosmalore.com\/ar\/?p=2997"},"modified":"2026-06-15T14:13:53","modified_gmt":"2026-06-15T10:43:53","slug":"%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a5%d9%85%d8%a8%d8%b1%d8%a7%d8%b7%d9%88%d8%b1%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%86%d9%85%d8%b3%d8%a7%d9%88%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d8%ac%d8%b1%d9%8a%d8%a9","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/cosmalore.com\/ar\/wiki\/%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a5%d9%85%d8%a8%d8%b1%d8%a7%d8%b7%d9%88%d8%b1%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%86%d9%85%d8%b3%d8%a7%d9%88%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d8%ac%d8%b1%d9%8a%d8%a9\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0637\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0629"},"content":{"rendered":"<article>\n<p>\n\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0637\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629\u064f 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\u0643\u0627\u0641\u0643\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0628\u0633\u062a \u062a\u064f\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0636\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0628\u062f\u0639\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0646. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0648\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0631\u062e \u0643\u0627\u0631\u0644 \u0634\u0648\u0631\u0633\u0643\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 &#8220;\u0627\u0646\u0641\u062c\u0627\u0631 \u062d\u0636\u0627\u0631\u064a\u064c\u0651 \u0641\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0623\u0641\u0631\u0632\u0647 \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u064d \u064a\u062d\u062a\u0636\u0631.&#8221;<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/articles\/PMC2585868\/\" title=\"3|Habsburg Vienna Modernism Freud Klimt Mahler|PMC National Library of Medicine|2008\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[3]<\/a><\/sup>\n<\/p>\n<p>\n\u0623\u062f\u0651\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0637\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0646\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649\u061b \u0641\u0627\u063a\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0634\u064a\u062f\u0648\u0642 \u0641\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0632 \u0641\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0646\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0631\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0641\u0648 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0645\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u064a\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0648 1914\u0645 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u0634\u0639\u0644\u062a \u062f\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0646\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0642\u0627\u062f\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0636\u062e\u0645 \u062d\u0631\u0628\u064d \u0639\u0631\u0641\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0646. \u0648\u0628\u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1918\u0645\u060c \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0637\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u062f \u062a\u0641\u0643\u0643\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u064d \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629: \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0633\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0631 \u0648\u062a\u0634\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0641\u0627\u0643\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u064a\u0648\u063a\u0648\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0627 (\u0643\u064a\u0627\u0646\u064c \u0645\u064f\u062c\u0645\u064e\u0651\u0639)\u060c \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0636\u0627\u0641\u062a \u0631\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0625\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0628\u0648\u0644\u0646\u062f\u0627 \u0623\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0621\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0647\u0627. \u0648\u0647\u0643\u0630\u0627 \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u064f\u0633\u062f\u064e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0645\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0637\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629\u064d \u0641\u062d\u0633\u0628\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u062a\u062d\u0648\u0651\u0644 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645\u064c \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u064c\u0651 \u0628\u0623\u0633\u0631\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0627.\n<\/p>\n<p><!-- ====== \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0641\u0648\u0628\u0627\u0643\u0633 ====== --><\/p>\n<div class=\"infobox\">\n<table>\n<tr class=\"ib-sec\">\n<td colspan=\"2\">\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0637\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"ib-row\">\n<td class=\"ib-label\">\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<td class=\"ib-val\"><em>\u00d6sterreichisch-Ungarische Monarchie<\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"ib-row\">\n<td class=\"ib-label\">\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<td class=\"ib-val\"><em>Osztr\u00e1k\u2013Magyar Monarchia<\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"ib-row\">\n<td class=\"ib-label\">\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a<\/td>\n<td class=\"ib-val\"><em>Indivisibiliter ac Inseparabiliter<\/em> (\u0644\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0646\u064a: \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u0642\u0633\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u0641\u0635\u0644\u0629)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"ib-row\">\n<td class=\"ib-label\">\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a<\/td>\n<td class=\"ib-val\"><em>Gott erhalte, Gott besch\u00fctze<\/em> (\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0648\u064a) \/ <em>Himnusz<\/em> (\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0631\u064a)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"ib-row\">\n<td class=\"ib-label\">\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0637\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<td class=\"ib-val\">\u0641\u064a\u064a\u0646\u0627 (\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0648\u064a) \u2014 \u0628\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0628\u0633\u062a (\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0631\u064a)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"ib-row\">\n<td class=\"ib-label\">\u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<td class=\"ib-val\">\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u2014 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0629 + \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062a\u0631\u0641 \u0628\u0647\u0627<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"ib-row\">\n<td class=\"ib-label\">\u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<td class=\"ib-val\">\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u062b\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u0623\u063a\u0644\u0628) \u0645\u0639 \u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u064d \u062f\u064a\u0646\u064a\u064d\u0651 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"ib-sec\">\n<td colspan=\"2\">\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0633\u064a\u0633 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0632\u0648\u0627\u0644<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"ib-row\">\n<td class=\"ib-label\">\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621<\/td>\n<td class=\"ib-val\">30 \u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633 1867\u0645 \u2014 \u062a\u0633\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0633\u063a\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0634<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"ib-row\">\n<td class=\"ib-label\">\u062a\u062a\u0648\u064a\u062c \u0641\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0632 \u064a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0641 \u0645\u0644\u0643\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0631<\/td>\n<td class=\"ib-val\">8 \u064a\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0648 1867\u0645 \u2014 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0646\u064a\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0633\u060c \u0628\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0628\u0633\u062a<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"ib-row\">\n<td class=\"ib-label\">\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0637\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<td class=\"ib-val\">31 \u0623\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0628\u0631 1918\u0645 (\u0641\u064a\u064a\u0646\u0627) \/ 16 \u0646\u0648\u0641\u0645\u0628\u0631 1918\u0645 (\u0628\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0628\u0633\u062a)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"ib-row\">\n<td class=\"ib-label\">\u0645\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0637\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<td class=\"ib-val\">51 \u0633\u0646\u0629 (1867-1918)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"ib-sec\">\n<td colspan=\"2\">\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0627\u0645<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"ib-row\">\n<td class=\"ib-label\">\u0644\u0642\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0643\u0645<\/td>\n<td class=\"ib-val\">\u0625\u0645\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0633\u0627 \u0648\u0645\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0631<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"ib-row\">\n<td class=\"ib-label\">\u0641\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0632 \u064a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644<\/td>\n<td class=\"ib-val\">1867 \u2013 1916\u0645 (\u0646\u062d\u0648 68 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0625\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0627\u064b)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"ib-row\">\n<td class=\"ib-label\">\u0643\u0627\u0631\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 (\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631)<\/td>\n<td class=\"ib-val\">1916 \u2013 1918\u0645<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"ib-row\">\n<td class=\"ib-label\">\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0643\u0645\u0629<\/td>\n<td class=\"ib-val\">\u0647\u0627\u0628\u0633\u0628\u0648\u0631\u063a-\u0644\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0646 (<em>Habsburg-Lothringen<\/em>)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"ib-sec\">\n<td colspan=\"2\">\u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"ib-row\">\n<td class=\"ib-label\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0629<\/td>\n<td class=\"ib-val\">621,538 \u0643\u0645\u00b2 (1905\u0645) <sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Austria-Hungary\" title=\"4|Austria-Hungary Area|Wikipedia|2026\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[4]<\/a><\/sup><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"ib-row\">\n<td class=\"ib-label\">\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646 (1910\u0645)<\/td>\n<td class=\"ib-val\">~52,800,000 \u0646\u0633\u0645\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"ib-row\">\n<td class=\"ib-label\">\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u0649<\/td>\n<td class=\"ib-val\">\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u2014 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u2014 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u064a\u0643 \u2014 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0644\u0646\u062f\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u2014 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0648\u0627\u062a \u2014 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0641\u0627\u0643 \u2014 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u2014 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0628 \u2014 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u2014 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u2014 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0643\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0646<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"ib-sec\">\n<td colspan=\"2\">\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"ib-row\">\n<td class=\"ib-label\">\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645<\/td>\n<td class=\"ib-val\">\u0645\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0629\u064c \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629\u064c \u0645\u0632\u062f\u0648\u062c\u0629 (Real Union)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"ib-row\">\n<td class=\"ib-label\">\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0629<\/td>\n<td class=\"ib-val\">\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0624\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u2014 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u2014 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"ib-row\">\n<td class=\"ib-label\">\u0631\u0626\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<td class=\"ib-val\">\u0641\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0643 \u0641\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0648\u0633\u062a (\u0623\u0648\u0644) \u2014 \u0647\u0627\u064a\u0646\u0631\u064a\u0634 \u0644\u0627\u0645\u0627\u0634 (\u0622\u062e\u0631)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"ib-row\">\n<td class=\"ib-label\">\u0631\u0626\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<td class=\"ib-val\">\u062c\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0634\u064a (\u0623\u0648\u0644) \u2014 \u0645\u064a\u0647\u0627\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0631\u0648\u0644\u064a (\u0622\u062e\u0631)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"ib-sec\">\n<td colspan=\"2\">\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0641 (\u0628\u0639\u062f 1918\u0645)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"ib-row\">\n<td class=\"ib-label\">\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u0649<\/td>\n<td class=\"ib-val\">\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0633\u0627 \u2014 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0631 \u2014 \u062a\u0634\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0641\u0627\u0643\u064a\u0627 \u2014 \u064a\u0648\u063a\u0648\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0627 \u2014 \u0631\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627 (\u0623\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0621) \u2014 \u0625\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627 (\u0623\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0621) \u2014 \u0628\u0648\u0644\u0646\u062f\u0627 (\u0623\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0621)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"ib-row\">\n<td class=\"ib-label\">\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0647\u062f\u0629 \u0633\u0627\u0646\u062a \u062c\u064a\u0631\u0645\u0627\u0646<\/td>\n<td class=\"ib-val\">10 \u0633\u0628\u062a\u0645\u0628\u0631 1919\u0645 (\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0633\u0627)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"ib-row\">\n<td class=\"ib-label\">\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0647\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646<\/td>\n<td class=\"ib-val\">4 \u064a\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0648 1920\u0645 (\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0631)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/table>\n<div class=\"ib-foot\">COSMALORE \u00b7 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0633\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p><!-- ====== \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 ====== --><\/p>\n<h2>\u0661. \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a: \u0623\u0633\u0631\u0629 \u0647\u0627\u0628\u0633\u0628\u0648\u0631\u063a \u0648\u0625\u0645\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0637\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0633\u0627 \u0642\u0628\u0644 1867\u0645<\/h2>\n<p>\n\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0637\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0639\u0632\u0644\u064d \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0644\u0623\u0633\u0631\u0629 \u0647\u0627\u0628\u0633\u0628\u0648\u0631\u063a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062d\u0643\u0645\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0627\u064b \u0645\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629\u061b \u0641\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0648\u062f \u062c\u0630\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0648\u064a\u0633\u0631\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b \u0639\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0642\u062f \u0628\u0646\u062a \u0628\u0635\u0628\u0631\u064d \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629\u064d \u062f\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0632\u064a\u062c\u0627\u062a\u064d \u0645\u062d\u0633\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0623\u0636\u062e\u0645\u064e \u0625\u0645\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0637\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629\u064d \u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0637\u0644\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u060c \u0628\u0644\u063a\u062a \u0630\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0647\u062f \u0634\u0627\u0631\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0645\u0633 (1519-1556\u0645) \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0627\u0645\u062a\u062f\u062a \u0645\u0645\u062a\u0644\u0643\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0625\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0647\u0648\u0644\u0646\u062f\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0633\u0627 \u0648\u0623\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u0625\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0623\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062f \u0645\u0639 \u0628\u0631\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0634\u0626\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0634\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u0633\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u0645\u0644\u0648\u0643\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0641\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a\u064d \u0639\u0645\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a.\n<\/p>\n<p>\n\u0623\u0639\u0644\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0641\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 1804\u0645 \u062a\u0623\u0633\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0637\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0627\u064b \u2014 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0628\u0642\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0646\u0647\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0637\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062d\u0635\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1806\u0645 \u2014 \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u063a\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0623\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0631\u0633\u0645 \u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0641 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0621. \u0648\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0647\u0632\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0646\u0627\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0645\u0624\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0641\u064a\u064a\u0646\u0627 1814-1815\u0645\u060c \u0639\u0627\u062f\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0633\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u064a\u062a\u0631\u0646\u064a\u062e \u0644\u062a\u062d\u062a\u0644 \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639\u0627\u064b \u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a \u0643\u0642\u0637\u0628\u064d \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638\u064d \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646\u064d \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629. \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b \u0639\u0627\u0645 1848\u0645 \u2014 \u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u2014 \u0643\u0634\u0641\u062a \u0647\u0634\u0627\u0634\u0629 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645\u061b \u0625\u0630 \u0627\u0647\u062a\u0632\u0651\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0637\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0627\u062a\u064d \u062b\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629\u064d \u0645\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645\u0646\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0641\u064a\u064a\u0646\u0627 \u0648\u0628\u0631\u0627\u063a \u0648\u0628\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0628\u0633\u062a \u0648\u0645\u064a\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0648\u060c \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u064f\u062e\u0645\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0628 \u0641\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0632 \u064a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0644\u0651\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0634 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1848\u0645 \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0633\u064a \u0644\u0633\u062d\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0629.<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/place\/Austria\/Austria-Hungary-1867-1918\" title=\"5|Austrian Empire 1848 Revolution|Encyclopaedia Britannica|2026\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[5]<\/a><\/sup>\n<\/p>\n<p>\n\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0627 1859\u0645 \u06481866\u0645 \u0645\u0646\u0639\u0637\u0641\u064e\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0635\u064a\u0631\u064a\u064e\u0651\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0637\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0629\u061b \u0641\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1859\u0645 \u0636\u062f \u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u0627-\u0628\u064a\u064a\u0645\u0648\u0646\u062a \u0623\u0641\u0642\u062f\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0633\u0627 \u0645\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u0645\u0645\u062a\u0644\u0643\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0644\u0648\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0627-\u0641\u064a\u0646\u064a\u062a\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062b\u0645 \u062c\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0633 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Pre-WWI|1914-1918 Online Encyclopedia|2024\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[9]<\/a><\/sup>\n<\/p>\n<p>\n\u062a\u0645\u062b\u0651\u0644 \u0641\u064a\u064a\u0646\u0627 \u0648\u0628\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0628\u0633\u062a \u0623\u0628\u0631\u0632 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0636\u0631\u064a\u0629\u061b \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0646\u063a\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 (Ringstra\u00dfe) \u0628\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u062e\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0628\u064f\u0646\u064a\u062a \u0628\u064a\u0646 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\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u064a\u0643\u064a.<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/articles\/PMC2585868\/\" title=\"10|Vienna Modernism Culture Habsburg|PMC|2008\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[10]<\/a><\/sup>\n<\/p>\n<p>\n\u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u060c \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0637\u0648\u0651\u0631 \u0633\u064a\u063a\u0645\u0648\u0646\u062f \u0641\u0631\u0648\u064a\u062f (1856-1939\u0645) \u0641\u064a \u0639\u064a\u0627\u062f\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0634\u0643\u0651\u0644\u062a \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629 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\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0637\u0631\u064e\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0648\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0631\u064a. \u062b\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0628\u0631 1908\u0645 \u0636\u0645\u0651\u062a\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u062e\u0637\u0648\u0629\u064d \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0632\u0651\u062a \u0631\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0635\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0639\u062a \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0629\u064b \u062f\u0628\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629\u064b \u062d\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0635\u0644\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628. \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0633\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0631\u0633\u0645 \u062e\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u062a 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href=\"https:\/\/www.newworldencyclopedia.org\/entry\/Assassination_of_Archduke_Franz_Ferdinand\" title=\"12|Assassination Franz Ferdinand Sarajevo|New World Encyclopedia|2024\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[12]<\/a><\/sup>\n<\/p>\n<p>\n\u0641\u064a \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0629\u064d \u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u0627\u0634\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0631\u0645\u0649 \u0646\u064a\u062f\u0644\u062c\u0643\u0648 \u062a\u0634\u0627\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0646\u0648\u0641\u064a\u062a\u0634 \u0642\u0646\u0628\u0644\u0629\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0643\u0628 \u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0646\u0641\u062c\u0631\u062a \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u064f\u0635\u064a\u0628\u0629\u064b \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0641\u0642\u064a\u0646. \u0648\u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0643\u0628 \u0641\u064a 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