{"id":2987,"date":"2026-06-15T14:09:25","date_gmt":"2026-06-15T10:39:25","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/cosmalore.com\/ar\/?p=2987"},"modified":"2026-06-15T14:09:25","modified_gmt":"2026-06-15T10:39:25","slug":"%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a5%d9%85%d8%a8%d8%b1%d8%a7%d8%b7%d9%88%d8%b1%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d9%88%d8%b1%d9%8a%d8%a7%d8%a6%d9%8a%d8%a9","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/cosmalore.com\/ar\/wiki\/%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a5%d9%85%d8%a8%d8%b1%d8%a7%d8%b7%d9%88%d8%b1%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d9%88%d8%b1%d9%8a%d8%a7%d8%a6%d9%8a%d8%a9\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0637\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629"},"content":{"rendered":"<article>\n<p>\n\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0637\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629\u064f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629\u064f (\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a\u062a\u064a\u0629: <em>\u092e\u094c\u0930\u094d\u092f \u0938\u093e\u092e\u094d\u0930\u093e\u091c\u094d\u092f\u092e\u094d \u2014 Maurya S\u0101mr\u0101jyam<\/em>)\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0648\u0641\u0629\u064f \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u0645 &#8220;\u0645\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0627\u0643\u064a\u062f\u0648\u0646\u0648\u064a&#8221; \u0623\u0648 &#8220;\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0633\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0648\u0643\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0633&#8221;\u060c \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0637\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062d\u064e\u0651\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0634\u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u064a\u0629\u060c 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\u0646\u0627\u062c\u062d\u064d \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0648\u062d\u064a\u062f \u0634\u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0634\u062a\u062a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0634\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0642\u0627\u062a\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0625\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0621 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c\u064d \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0651\u0645 \u064a\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0647\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064f\u062f\u0648\u064e\u0651\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u0633\u0651\u0633 \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 &#8220;\u0623\u0631\u062b\u0627\u0634\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627&#8221; \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0623\u0644\u0651\u0641\u0647 \u0634\u0627\u0646\u0627\u0643\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639\u064f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f \u0628\u0623\u0633\u0631\u0647. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0637\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u064e \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a 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\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0625\u0646 \u0636\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0644 \u0648\u0628\u0642\u064a\u062a \u0645\u0646\u0647 \u0634\u0630\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646\u0642\u0648\u0644\u0629.<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/historywithahmad.com\/mauryan-empire-sources-economy-society-polity-administration-art-and-architecture-and-decline\/\" title=\"2|Mauryan Empire Sources Administration|History With Ahmad|2025\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[2]<\/a><\/sup>\n<\/p>\n<p>\n\u0628\u064a\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0637\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0644 \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0627\u0643\u0631\u0629 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\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0628\u0631\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0626 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0634\u0639\u0628\u0647 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0641\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u062e\u0648\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0644 \u0623\u0646\u062d\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0637\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0639\u0644\u0646 \u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062d\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0645\u062d \u0648\u0631\u0641\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0646\u0627\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u062f\u064d\u0651 \u0633\u0648\u0627\u0621.<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.worldhistory.org\/Edicts_of_Ashoka\/\" title=\"3|Edicts of Ashoka|World History Encyclopedia|2020\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[3]<\/a><\/sup>\n<\/p>\n<p>\n\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0649 \u0639\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0637\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0645 185 \u0642.\u0645 \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u063a\u062a\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0631\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0648\u0634\u064a\u0627\u0645\u064a\u062a\u0631\u0627 \u0634\u0648\u0646\u063a\u0627 \u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0625\u0645\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0628\u0631\u0647\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0646\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0628\u064d \u0642\u0635\u0631\u064a\u064d\u0651 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0644\u064a\u064f\u0624\u0633\u0651\u0633 \u0623\u0633\u0631\u0629 \u0634\u0648\u0646\u063a\u0627 \u0648\u064a\u064f\u0637\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u062d\u0629 \u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629\u064d \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0636\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0645\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0637\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0636\u0627\u0631\u064a\u061b \u0641\u0634\u0639\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0630\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u0637\u0644\u0642\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0634\u0648\u0643\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0632\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0631\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0622\u0633\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 \u064a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0631\u0623\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0648\u0643\u064a \u0648\u0639\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0647\u0627\u0645\u0627 \u0625\u0631\u062b\u0627\u064b \u062d\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u063a\u064a\u0628.\n<\/p>\n<p><!-- ====== \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0641\u0648\u0628\u0627\u0643\u0633 ====== --><\/p>\n<div class=\"infobox\">\n<table>\n<tr class=\"ib-sec\">\n<td colspan=\"2\">\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0637\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"ib-row\">\n<td class=\"ib-label\">\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a\u062a\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<td class=\"ib-val\">\u0645\u0627\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627 \u0633\u0627\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0627\u0645 (<em>Maurya S\u0101mr\u0101jyam<\/em>)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"ib-row\">\n<td class=\"ib-label\">\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0645\u0629<\/td>\n<td class=\"ib-val\">\u0628\u0627\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0628\u0648\u062a\u0631\u0627 (\u0628\u0627\u062a\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 \u2014 \u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0647\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"ib-row\">\n<td class=\"ib-label\">\u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<td class=\"ib-val\">\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0631\u064a\u062a \u2014 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u2014 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 (\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"ib-row\">\n<td class=\"ib-label\">\u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a<\/td>\n<td class=\"ib-val\">\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u2014 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0630\u064a\u0629 \u2014 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"ib-sec\">\n<td colspan=\"2\">\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0633\u064a\u0633 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0632\u0648\u0627\u0644<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"ib-row\">\n<td class=\"ib-label\">\u062a\u0623\u0633\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0637\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<td class=\"ib-val\">322 \u0642.\u0645 \u2014 \u062a\u0634\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0631\u0627\u063a\u0648\u0628\u062a\u0627 \u064a\u064f\u0633\u0642\u0637 \u0623\u0633\u0631\u0629 \u0646\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0627<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"ib-row\">\n<td class=\"ib-label\">\u0633\u0642\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0637\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<td class=\"ib-val\">185 \u0642.\u0645 \u2014 \u0627\u063a\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0631\u0647\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062b\u0627 \u0648\u062a\u0623\u0633\u064a\u0633 \u0623\u0633\u0631\u0629 \u0634\u0648\u0646\u063a\u0627<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"ib-row\">\n<td class=\"ib-label\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0629<\/td>\n<td class=\"ib-val\">137 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0627\u064b<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"ib-sec\">\n<td colspan=\"2\">\u0643\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0627\u0645 (\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"ib-row\">\n<td class=\"ib-label\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633<\/td>\n<td class=\"ib-val\">\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0631\u0627\u063a\u0648\u0628\u062a\u0627 \u0645\u0627\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627 (\u062d. 340 \u2013 298 \u0642.\u0645)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"ib-row\">\n<td class=\"ib-label\">\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a<\/td>\n<td class=\"ib-val\">\u0628\u064a\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0627 \u2014 &#8220;\u0642\u0627\u062a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0621&#8221; (298 \u2013 272 \u0642.\u0645)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"ib-row\">\n<td class=\"ib-label\">\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0638\u0645<\/td>\n<td class=\"ib-val\">\u0623\u0634\u0648\u0643\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u2014 &#8220;\u0628\u0631\u064a\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0627\u0634\u064a&#8221; (268 \u2013 232 \u0642.\u0645)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"ib-row\">\n<td class=\"ib-label\">\u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0627\u0637\u0631\u0629<\/td>\n<td class=\"ib-val\">\u0628\u0631\u0647\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062b\u0627 (\u062d. 187 \u2013 185 \u0642.\u0645)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"ib-row\">\n<td class=\"ib-label\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633<\/td>\n<td class=\"ib-val\">\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0646\u0627\u0643\u064a\u0627 \/ \u0643\u0648\u062a\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0627 \/ \u0641\u064a\u0634\u0646\u0648\u063a\u0648\u0628\u062a\u0627 (\u062d. 375 \u2013 283 \u0642.\u0645)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"ib-sec\">\n<td colspan=\"2\">\u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"ib-row\">\n<td class=\"ib-label\">\u0623\u0642\u0635\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0629 (\u0639\u0647\u062f \u0623\u0634\u0648\u0643\u0627)<\/td>\n<td class=\"ib-val\">~5,000,000 \u0643\u0645\u00b2 <sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/courses.lumenlearning.com\/tc3-boundless-worldhistory\/chapter\/the-maurya-empire\/\" title=\"4|Mauryan Empire Territory|Lumen Learning|2024\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[4]<\/a><\/sup><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"ib-row\">\n<td class=\"ib-label\">\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0648\u0646<\/td>\n<td class=\"ib-val\">50 \u2013 60 \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0646\u0633\u0645\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"ib-row\">\n<td class=\"ib-label\">\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a<\/td>\n<td class=\"ib-val\">\u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0641\u063a\u0627\u0646\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0628\u0644\u0648\u0634\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u063a\u0631\u0628\u0627\u064b \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0628\u0646\u063a\u0644\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0634 \u0634\u0631\u0642\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0628\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0627\u064b \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0647\u0636\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628\u0627\u064b<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"ib-sec\">\n<td colspan=\"2\">\u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0634 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"ib-row\">\n<td class=\"ib-label\">\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0634 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0631\u0648\u0629<\/td>\n<td class=\"ib-val\">600,000 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0629\u064d \u2014 30,000 \u0641\u0627\u0631\u0633\u064d \u2014 9,000 \u0641\u064a\u0644 \u062d\u0631\u0628\u064a <sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.curiousindian.in\/mauryan-empire-322-185-bce\/\" title=\"5|Mauryan Army|Curious Indian|2026\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[5]<\/a><\/sup><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"ib-row\">\n<td class=\"ib-label\">\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u062e\u0644<\/td>\n<td class=\"ib-val\">\u0636\u0631\u064a\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636 \u2014 \u0631\u0633\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u2014 \u0645\u0646\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u2014 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0646\u0627\u0626\u0645<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"ib-row\">\n<td class=\"ib-label\">\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a<\/td>\n<td class=\"ib-val\">\u0623\u0648\u062a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a (\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0638\u064a\u0645): \u062a\u0643\u0633\u0627\u0634\u064a\u0644\u0627 \u2014 \u0628\u0627\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0628\u0648\u062a\u0631\u0627<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"ib-sec\">\n<td colspan=\"2\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"ib-row\">\n<td class=\"ib-label\">\u0623\u0631\u062b\u0627\u0634\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627<\/td>\n<td class=\"ib-val\">\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0646\u0627\u0643\u064a\u0627 \/ \u0643\u0648\u062a\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0627 \u2014 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"ib-row\">\n<td class=\"ib-label\">\u0625\u0646\u062f\u064a\u0643\u0627<\/td>\n<td class=\"ib-val\">\u0645\u064a\u063a\u0627\u0633\u062b\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0633 \u2014 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0644\u0627\u0637 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class=\"ib-row\">\n<td class=\"ib-label\">\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u064a<\/td>\n<td class=\"ib-val\">\u0639\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0647\u0627\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0648\u0643\u064a\u0629 (\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0643\u0631\u0627) \u0641\u064a \u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/table>\n<div class=\"ib-foot\">COSMALORE \u00b7 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0633\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p><!-- ====== \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 ====== --><\/p>\n<h2>\u0661. \u0634\u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u064a\u0646: \u0645\u0633\u0631\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0636\u0649 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0639\u0646 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\u0642\u062f \u0634\u0647\u062f\u062a \u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0644\u064a \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u064d \u0625\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629\u064d \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0648\u0641\u064a \u062e\u0636\u0645\u0651 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0633\u0629 \u0635\u0639\u062f\u062a \u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0645\u0627\u063a\u0627\u062f\u0627 \u0628\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0647\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0646\u062c \u0648\u0633\u064a\u0637\u0631\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u064f\u0647\u064a\u0645\u0646 \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0647\u0627.\n<\/p>\n<p>\n\u0648\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0631\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0643\u0646\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0634\u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 327 \u0648325 \u0642.\u0645\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0648\u063a\u0651\u0644 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0646\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0644\u0645 (\u0647\u064a\u062f\u0633\u0628\u064a\u0633) \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0628\u060c \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u0646 \u062c\u0646\u0648\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0631\u0641\u0636\u0648\u0627 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href=\"https:\/\/www.vedantu.com\/history\/the-maurya-empire\" title=\"6|Mauryan Empire Alexander Legacy|Vedantu|2026\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[6]<\/a><\/sup>\n<\/p>\n<p>\n\u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0633\u0631\u0629 \u0646\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u0637\u0627\u062d \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0634\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0631\u0627\u063a\u0648\u0628\u062a\u0627\u060c \u0641\u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0648\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u2014 \u0625\u0630 \u064a\u064f\u0642\u062f\u064e\u0651\u0631 \u0623\u0646 \u062c\u064a\u0634\u0647\u0627 \u0636\u0645\u0651 \u0645\u0626\u062a\u064e\u064a \u0623\u0644\u0641 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u062a\u0644 \u2014 \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0634\u0631\u0639\u064a\u0629\u064d \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 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\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0641\u0627\u0621 \u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0634\u0627\u0646\u0627\u0643\u064a\u0627 (\u0643\u0648\u062a\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0627 \/ \u0641\u064a\u0634\u0646\u0648\u063a\u0648\u0628\u062a\u0627) \u062d\u0642\u0651\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0645\u0651\u0642\u0629\u061b \u0641\u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064f\u0641\u0643\u0651\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0647\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0648\u064f\u0644\u062f \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a 375 \u0642.\u0645 \u0648\u062f\u0631\u0633 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u062a\u0643\u0633\u0627\u0634\u064a\u0644\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0647\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0623\u062a\u0642\u0646 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rel=\"noopener\">[7]<\/a><\/sup>\n<\/p>\n<p>\n\u0623\u0644\u0651\u0641 \u0634\u0627\u0646\u0627\u0643\u064a\u0627 \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0647\u064a\u0631 &#8220;\u0623\u0631\u062b\u0627\u0634\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627&#8221; (Arthashastra)\u060c \u0623\u064a &#8220;\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0631\u0648\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0629&#8221;\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0648\u0633\u0648\u0639\u0629\u064c \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629\u064c \u0648\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629\u064c \u0648\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629\u064c \u0645\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u064f\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0645\u0642\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0634\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0631&#8221; \u0644\u0645\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0644\u0651\u064a\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0627 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rel=\"noopener\">[8]<\/a><\/sup>\n<\/p>\n<p>\n\u062e\u0637\u0651\u0637 \u0634\u0627\u0646\u0627\u0643\u064a\u0627 \u0645\u0639 \u062a\u0634\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0631\u0627\u063a\u0648\u0628\u062a\u0627 \u0628\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c\u064a\u0629\u064d \u0646\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629\u061b \u0641\u0628\u062f\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0635\u0645\u0629 \u0646\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0627 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629\u064b \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f &#8220;\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0627&#8221; (\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644) \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0641 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rel=\"noopener\">[10]<\/a><\/sup>\n<\/p>\n<p>\n\u064a\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u0639\u0647\u062f \u062a\u0634\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0631\u0627\u063a\u0648\u0628\u062a\u0627 \u0628\u0633\u0645\u0629\u064d \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0646\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0637\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u0649: \u0641\u0628\u0639\u062f \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0629\u064d \u0648\u0639\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0623\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u0625\u0645\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0637\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629\u064d \u0647\u0646\u062f\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062a\u0646\u0627\u0632\u0644 \u0637\u0648\u0639\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0634 \u0639\u0627\u0645 298 \u0642.\u0645 \u0648\u0641\u0642 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u064f\u0631\u0648\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 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\u062d\u062f\u064d\u0651 \u0633\u0648\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0642\u0627\u0645 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0632\u0631\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u062c\u0627\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628\u064e\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0644\u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a.<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/sleepyclasses.com\/ashokas-life-and-dhamma-key-topics-for-upsc\/\" title=\"13|Ashoka Dhamma Policy|Sleepy Classes|2024\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[13]<\/a><\/sup>\n<\/p>\n<p>\n\u0623\u0645\u0651\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0645\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u064a \u0641\u0643\u0627\u0646 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\u064a\u0635\u0641\u0647 \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u064f\u0636\u0631\u0651 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u064f\u0646\u062a\u0642\u064e\u062f \u0628\u0647 \u0648\u064a\u064f\u0636\u0631\u0651 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0646\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0622\u0646\u064d \u0645\u0639\u0627\u064b. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0639\u064a\u0651\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0638\u0641\u064a\u0646 \u062e\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u064f\u0633\u0645\u0651\u0648\u0646 &#8220;\u0636\u0628\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0647\u0627\u0645\u0627&#8221; (Dhamma Mahamattas) \u0645\u0647\u0645\u0651\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0637\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0626 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0647\u0627\u0645\u0627 \u0648\u0631\u0635\u062f \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0644\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a \u0648\u062a\u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d\u0647\u0627. \u0648\u0639\u064a\u0651\u0646 \u0641\u0648\u0642\u0647\u0645 &#8220;\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0639\u064a\u0629&#8221; (Rajukas) \u0644\u064a\u064f\u0634\u0631\u0641\u0648\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0638\u0641\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u064f\u0637\u0628\u064e\u0651\u0642 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0644.\n<\/p>\n<h2>\u0667. \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0645 \u0623\u0634\u0648\u0643\u0627: \u0623\u0639\u0645\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0629<\/h2>\n<p>\n\u062a\u064f\u0645\u062b\u0651\u0644 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0645 \u0623\u0634\u0648\u0643\u0627 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\u0634\u0639\u0628\u0647 \u0628\u0644\u063a\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0631\u064a\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0622\u0631\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629). \u0628\u0644\u063a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0648\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062b\u0651\u0642\u0629 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0629\u064b \u0648\u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u064a\u0646 \u0646\u0642\u0634\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0635\u0646\u0651\u0641\u0627\u064b \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u0649 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u063a\u0631\u0649\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u0649 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u063a\u0631\u0649\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0648\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0641\u0631\u062f\u0629.<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.worldhistory.org\/Edicts_of_Ashoka\/\" title=\"14|Edicts of Ashoka World History|World History Encyclopedia|2020\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[14]<\/a><\/sup>\n<\/p>\n<p>\n\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0648\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u0641\u064c \u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a\u0629\u064c \u0648\u0641\u0646\u064a\u0629\u064c \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629\u061b \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0643\u0644 \u0639\u0645\u0648\u062f\u064d \u064a\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0648\u062d \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u062b\u0646\u064e\u064a \u0639\u0634\u0631 \u0648\u062e\u0645\u0633\u0629 \u0639\u0634\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u0631\u0627\u064b\u060c 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\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646 \u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0637\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629.<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/historywithahmad.com\/mauryan-empire-sources-economy-society-polity-administration-art-and-architecture-and-decline\/\" title=\"16|Mauryan Economy Trade|History With Ahmad|2025\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[16]<\/a><\/sup>\n<\/p>\n<h2>\u0669. \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a: \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0635\u0646\u0639\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0637\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629<\/h2>\n<p>\n\u0648\u0635\u0641 \u0645\u064a\u063a\u0627\u0633\u062b\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0633 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0647 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\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628. \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u064a\u064f\u062f\u064a\u0631\u0647 \u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632\u064c \u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a\u064c\u0651 \u0645\u0646 \u0633\u062a\u0651 \u0644\u062c\u0627\u0646\u064d \u0645\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0629 \u0648\u0641\u0642 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0631\u0648\u064a \u0645\u064a\u063a\u0627\u0633\u062b\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0633: \u0628\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629\u064c \u0648\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0629\u064c \u0648\u0641\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064c \u0648\u0639\u0631\u0628\u0627\u062a\u064c \u0648\u062c\u0645\u0644\u064c \u0648\u0641\u064a\u0648\u0644\u064c \u062d\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u064a\u0634\u0631\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0643\u0644\u064d\u0651 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062e\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0648\u0646.<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/testbook.com\/ias-preparation\/mauryan-empire-ancient-history-ncert-notes-for-upsc\" title=\"17|Mauryan Army Megasthenes|Testbook|2026\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[17]<\/a><\/sup>\n<\/p>\n<p>\n\u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0648\u062f\u064e \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0643\u0629\u061b \u0625\u0630 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u062a\u064f\u0646\u0638\u064e\u0651\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0626\u0628 \u0645\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0629\u060c \u064a\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0643\u0644 \u0641\u064a\u0644\u064d \u0645\u0642\u0627\u062a\u0644\u064c \u0645\u064f\u062f\u0631\u064e\u0651\u0628 (&#8220;\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0648\u062a&#8221;) \u064a\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0651\u0645 \u0628\u062d\u0631\u0643\u062a\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639\u0629\u064c \u0645\u0646 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\u0648\u0628\u0637\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062f\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0633 \u0648\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0625\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0633 (\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0629). \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0639\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0631\u062e\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0645 \u0623\u0634\u0648\u0643\u0627 \u0645\u0646\u0642\u0648\u0634\u0629\u064b \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u062a\u064e\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0622\u0631\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0642\u0646\u062f\u0647\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0641\u063a\u0627\u0646\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u064f\u062b\u0628\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0637\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0644\u063a\u0627\u062a \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0627\u062e\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0646\u064a.<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/education.nationalgeographic.org\/resource\/mauryan-empire\/\" title=\"18|Mauryan Empire Ashoka International Missions|National Geographic|2025\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[18]<\/a><\/sup>\n<\/p>\n<h2>\u0661\u0661. \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629: \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u0631 \u064a\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0645<\/h2>\n<p>\n\u0623\u062d\u062f\u062b\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0637\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 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