{"id":2984,"date":"2026-06-15T14:07:15","date_gmt":"2026-06-15T10:37:15","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/cosmalore.com\/ar\/?p=2984"},"modified":"2026-06-15T14:07:15","modified_gmt":"2026-06-15T10:37:15","slug":"%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a5%d9%85%d8%a8%d8%b1%d8%a7%d8%b7%d9%88%d8%b1%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d8%a7%d8%b1%d8%a7%d8%ab%d9%8a%d8%a9","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/cosmalore.com\/ar\/wiki\/%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a5%d9%85%d8%a8%d8%b1%d8%a7%d8%b7%d9%88%d8%b1%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d8%a7%d8%b1%d8%a7%d8%ab%d9%8a%d8%a9\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0637\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062b\u064a\u0629"},"content":{"rendered":"<article>\n<p>\n\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0637\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629\u064f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062b\u064a\u0629\u064f (\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062b\u064a\u0629: <em>\u092e\u0930\u093e\u0920\u093e 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\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0631\u062b\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0639\u0634\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u064a\u0646\u0627\u064a\u0631 1761\u0645 \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u063a\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0634\u0627\u0647 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0648\u0642\u0641\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0651 \u0648\u062d\u0637\u0651\u0645\u062a \u0639\u0635\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0637\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0647\u0651\u062f\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u063a\u0644\u0648-\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062b\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u0646\u0647\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0622\u062e\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644\u064e \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0637\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u0644\u062d\u0642\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 1818\u0645. \u0628\u064a\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0631\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062b\u064a \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0632\u0627\u0644 \u062d\u0627\u0636\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u064a\u0651\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u064a\u0651\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0634\u0639\u0628 \u0645\u0627\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0627 \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0645\u0644\u060c \u0625\u0630 \u064a\u064f\u0645\u062b\u0651\u0644 \u0634\u064a\u0641\u0627\u062c\u064a \u0631\u0645\u0632\u0627\u064b \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0634\u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u064a\u0629.\n<\/p>\n<p><!-- ====== \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0641\u0648\u0628\u0627\u0643\u0633 ====== --><\/p>\n<div class=\"infobox\">\n<table>\n<tr class=\"ib-sec\">\n<td colspan=\"2\">\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0637\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062b\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"ib-row\">\n<td class=\"ib-label\">\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a<\/td>\n<td class=\"ib-val\">\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062b\u0627 \u0633\u0627\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0627 (<em>Maratha Samrajya<\/em>) \/ \u0643\u0648\u0646\u0641\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062b\u0627<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"ib-row\">\n<td class=\"ib-label\">\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0645<\/td>\n<td class=\"ib-val\">\u0631\u0627\u064a\u063a\u0627\u062f (\u0639\u0647\u062f \u0634\u064a\u0641\u0627\u062c\u064a) \u2014 \u0633\u0627\u062a\u0627\u0631\u0627 \u2014 \u0628\u0648\u0646\u0627\/\u0628\u0648\u0646\u0647 (\u0639\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0634\u0648\u0627)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"ib-row\">\n<td class=\"ib-label\">\u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<td class=\"ib-val\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062b\u064a\u0629 (\u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0629) \u2014 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a\u062a\u064a\u0629 (\u0637\u0642\u0648\u0633)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"ib-row\">\n<td class=\"ib-label\">\u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0629<\/td>\n<td class=\"ib-val\">\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"ib-sec\">\n<td colspan=\"2\">\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0633\u064a\u0633 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0632\u0648\u0627\u0644<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"ib-row\">\n<td class=\"ib-label\">\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0633\u064a\u0633<\/td>\n<td class=\"ib-val\">6 \u064a\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0648 1674\u0645 \u2014 \u062a\u062a\u0648\u064a\u062c \u0634\u064a\u0641\u0627\u062c\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0644\u0639\u0629 \u0631\u0627\u064a\u063a\u0627\u062f<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"ib-row\">\n<td class=\"ib-label\">\u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0637\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<td class=\"ib-val\">1818\u0645 \u2014 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u063a\u0644\u0648-\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062b\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"ib-row\">\n<td class=\"ib-label\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0629<\/td>\n<td class=\"ib-val\">\u0646\u062d\u0648 144 \u0633\u0646\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"ib-sec\">\n<td colspan=\"2\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633 \u0648\u0643\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0627\u0645<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"ib-row\">\n<td class=\"ib-label\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633<\/td>\n<td class=\"ib-val\">\u062a\u0634\u0627\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a\u064a \u0634\u064a\u0641\u0627\u062c\u064a \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062c (19 \u0641\u0628\u0631\u0627\u064a\u0631 1630 \u2013 3 \u0623\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0644 1680\u0645)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"ib-row\">\n<td class=\"ib-label\">\u0644\u0642\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0643\u0645<\/td>\n<td class=\"ib-val\">\u062a\u0634\u0627\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a\u064a (\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0638\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0637\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"ib-row\">\n<td class=\"ib-label\">\u0623\u0628\u0631\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0634\u0648\u0627<\/td>\n<td class=\"ib-val\">\u0628\u0627\u062c\u064a \u0631\u0627\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 (1720-1740\u0645) \u2014 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u064a \u0628\u0627\u062c\u064a \u0631\u0627\u0648 (1740-1761\u0645)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"ib-row\">\n<td class=\"ib-label\">\u0623\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0629<\/td>\n<td class=\"ib-val\">\u0628\u0627\u062c\u064a \u0631\u0627\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u2014 \u0645\u0627\u0647\u0627\u062f\u062c\u064a \u0633\u064a\u0646\u062f\u064a\u0627 \u2014 \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0627\u0648 \u0631\u0627\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"ib-sec\">\n<td colspan=\"2\">\u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"ib-row\">\n<td class=\"ib-label\">\u0623\u0642\u0635\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0629<\/td>\n<td class=\"ib-val\">~2,500,000 \u0643\u0645\u00b2 (\u062b\u064f\u0644\u062b \u0634\u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u064a\u0629) <sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/unacademy.com\/content\/upsc\/study-material\/medieval-india\/maratha-empire-introduction\/\" title=\"4|Maratha Empire Territory|Unacademy|2022\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[4]<\/a><\/sup><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"ib-row\">\n<td class=\"ib-label\">\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0631\u0648\u0629<\/td>\n<td class=\"ib-val\">~130-160 \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0646\u0633\u0645\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"ib-row\">\n<td class=\"ib-label\">\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a<\/td>\n<td class=\"ib-val\">\u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062a\u0627\u0643 (\u0628\u0627\u0643\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646) \u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0627\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0641\u0648\u0631 \u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u0643\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0648\u0627\u0631 \u063a\u0631\u0628\u0627\u064b \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u063a\u0627\u0644 \u0634\u0631\u0642\u0627\u064b<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"ib-sec\">\n<td colspan=\"2\">\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"ib-row\">\n<td class=\"ib-label\">\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0621<\/td>\n<td class=\"ib-val\">\u0623\u0634\u062a\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0630\u0627\u0646 (\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"ib-row\">\n<td class=\"ib-label\">\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a<\/td>\n<td class=\"ib-val\">\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0648\u062b (25%) \u2014 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0634\u0645\u0648\u0643\u0647\u064a (10% \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"ib-row\">\n<td class=\"ib-label\">\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628\u064a<\/td>\n<td class=\"ib-val\">\u063a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0645\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0648\u0627 (\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"ib-row\">\n<td class=\"ib-label\">\u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<td class=\"ib-val\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062b\u0627 \u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u2014 \u0646\u062d\u0648 400 \u0633\u0641\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"ib-sec\">\n<td colspan=\"2\">\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0641\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u0649<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"ib-row\">\n<td class=\"ib-label\">\u0628\u064a\u0634\u0648\u0627 (\u0628\u0648\u0646\u0647)<\/td>\n<td class=\"ib-val\">\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0637\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u062a \u0628\u0647\u0627\u062a)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"ib-row\">\n<td class=\"ib-label\">\u063a\u0627\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0627\u062f (\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0648\u062f\u0627)<\/td>\n<td class=\"ib-val\">\u062d\u0627\u0643\u0645 \u063a\u0648\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"ib-row\">\n<td class=\"ib-label\">\u0647\u0648\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0631 (\u0625\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0631)<\/td>\n<td class=\"ib-val\">\u062d\u0627\u0643\u0645 \u0645\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627 \u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"ib-row\">\n<td class=\"ib-label\">\u0633\u064a\u0646\u062f\u064a\u0627\/\u0634\u064a\u0646\u062f\u064a (\u063a\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0631)<\/td>\n<td class=\"ib-val\">\u062d\u0627\u0643\u0645 \u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"ib-row\">\n<td class=\"ib-label\">\u0628\u0647\u0648\u0646\u0633\u0644\u064a (\u0646\u0627\u063a\u0628\u0648\u0631)<\/td>\n<td class=\"ib-val\">\u062d\u0627\u0643\u0645 \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"ib-sec\">\n<td colspan=\"2\">\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"ib-row\">\n<td class=\"ib-label\">\u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642<\/td>\n<td class=\"ib-val\">\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0648\u0631 \/ \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0637\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"ib-row\">\n<td class=\"ib-label\">\u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0642<\/td>\n<td class=\"ib-val\">\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a (\u0628\u0639\u062f 1818\u0645)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/table>\n<div class=\"ib-foot\">COSMALORE \u00b7 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0633\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p><!-- ====== \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 ====== --><\/p>\n<h2>\u0661. \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f \u0642\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0635\u0639\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062b\u0627: \u0645\u0634\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0636\u0649 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0638\u0627\u0631<\/h2>\n<p>\n\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0639\u0627\u0628 \u0646\u0634\u0648\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0637\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 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\u0645\u0642\u0627\u062a\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0642\u0635\u0631 \u0634\u0627\u064a\u0633\u062a\u0627 \u062e\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u0648\u0634\u0646\u0651\u0648\u0627 \u0647\u062c\u0648\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0641\u0627\u062c\u0626\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0644\u0628\u060c \u0648\u0623\u064f\u0635\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0628\u062c\u0631\u0627\u062d\u064d \u0648\u0642\u064f\u0637\u0639 \u0623\u0635\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0641\u0631\u0651 \u0645\u064f\u0630\u0639\u0648\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0623\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u0648\u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0639\u062f \u0623\u0628\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0646.<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.onlinegk.com\/history\/chhatrapati-shivaji-maharaj-the-lion-of-the-deccan\" title=\"8|Shivaji Maharaj Raids Mughal|OnlineGK|2026\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[8]<\/a><\/sup>\n<\/p>\n<p>\n\u062b\u0645 \u062c\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1664\u0645 \u0628\u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629\u064d \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0631\u0623 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629: \u0647\u0627\u062c\u0645 \u0634\u064a\u0641\u0627\u062c\u064a \u0645\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0633\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u2014 \u0623\u063a\u0646\u0649 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0626 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0648\u0628\u0648\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a \u2014 \u0648\u0646\u0647\u0628\u0647 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\u0623\u0646\u062a\u0632\u0639 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062b\u0631\u0648\u0629\u064b \u0645\u0636\u0627\u0639\u0641\u0629.\n<\/p>\n<p>\n\u062f\u0641\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0648\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0631\u062f \u0641\u0639\u0644\u0647\u0645 \u0628\u062c\u0646\u0631\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0627 \u062c\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0633\u064a\u0646\u063a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0631\u0623\u0633 \u062c\u064a\u0634\u064d \u0636\u062e\u0645\u064d \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 1665\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0639\u062f \u062d\u0645\u0644\u0629\u064d \u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629\u064d \u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629\u064d \u0627\u0636\u0637\u0631 \u0634\u064a\u0641\u0627\u062c\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0647\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0627\u0632\u0644 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\u0641\u064a \u0632\u064a\u064d\u0651 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0627 \u0633\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064e\u064a\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0646. \u0648\u0623\u0639\u0627\u062f\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0631\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0637\u0648\u0631\u064a \u062a\u0623\u062c\u064a\u062c \u0631\u0648\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062b\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f.<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/bharatshakti.in\/unveiling-shivaji-the-forefather-of-modern-guerrilla-warfare-and-intelligence-strategies-part-iii\/\" title=\"9|Shivaji Escape from Agra|Bharat Shakti|2024\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[9]<\/a><\/sup>\n<\/p>\n<h2>\u0664. \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062a\u0648\u064a\u062c \u0639\u0627\u0645 1674\u0645: \u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0629<\/h2>\n<p>\n\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062f\u0633 \u0645\u0646 \u064a\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0648 1674\u0645\u060c \u0634\u0647\u062f\u062a \u0642\u0644\u0639\u0629 \u0631\u0627\u064a\u063a\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064f\u0637\u0644\u0651\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0648\u0627\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u062d\u062f\u062b\u0627\u064b \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0641\u0627\u0631\u0642\u0627\u064b: \u062a\u064f\u0648\u0650\u0651\u062c \u0634\u064a\u0641\u0627\u062c\u064a \u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0627\u064b &#8220;\u062a\u0634\u0627\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a\u064a&#8221; \u2014 \u0644\u0642\u0628\u064c \u0633\u0646\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a\u062a\u064a\u064c\u0651 \u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u062d\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0627\u064b &#8220;\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0638\u0644\u0629&#8221; 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\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645.<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.vedantu.com\/biography\/chhatrapati-shivaji-maharaj-biography\" title=\"10|Shivaji Coronation 1674|Vedantu|2021\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[10]<\/a><\/sup>\n<\/p>\n<p>\n\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062a\u0648\u064a\u062c \u0623\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0644\u064d \u062f\u064a\u0646\u064a\u064d\u0651 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629\u064d \u0628\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0643\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629\u061b \u0641\u0647\u0648 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0627\u064b \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0627\u064b \u062c\u0631\u064a\u0626\u0627\u064b \u064a\u064f\u062b\u0628\u0651\u062a \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629\u064d \u0647\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0629 \u0633\u064a\u0651\u062f\u0629\u064d \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0645\u0646\u062a\u064e\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0648\u064a\u064f\u0624\u0633\u0651\u0633 \u0644\u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 &#8220;\u0647\u064a\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0633\u0648\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0627&#8221; (\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u064a) \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0637\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627 \u062d\u0644\u0645 \u0628\u0647 \u0634\u064a\u0641\u0627\u062c\u064a \u0648\u0633\u0639\u0649 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647. \u0648\u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u062f\u0639\u0627\u0621\u064b \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0645\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0627\u0626\u0631 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\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a: \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c\u064c \u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645<\/h2>\n<p>\n\u0623\u0633\u0651\u0633 \u0634\u064a\u0641\u0627\u062c\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0648\u0645\u0629\u064b \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629\u064b \u0645\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0647 \u0623\u062b\u0627\u0631\u062a \u0625\u0639\u062c\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0631\u062e\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u0648\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u062f\u064d\u0651 \u0633\u0648\u0627\u0621\u061b \u0641\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0631\u0623\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0623\u0646\u0634\u0623 \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 &#8220;\u0623\u0634\u062a\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0630\u0627\u0646&#8221; (Ashta Pradhan) \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0644\u0651\u0641 \u0645\u0646 \u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0643\u0644\u064c\u0651 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u062d\u0642\u064a\u0628\u0629\u064b \u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629\u064b \u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0629: \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0634\u0648\u0627 (\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0621) \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0627 (\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629) \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0633 (\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062b\u064a\u0642) \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062c\u064a (\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0624\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0632\u0644\u064a\u0629) \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0643\u0646\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0633 (\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0631\u062a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645) \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0627\u064a \u0646\u0648\u0628\u0627\u062b (\u0642\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629) \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0646\u062f\u064a\u062a\u0631\u0648 (\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u064a) \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0646\u062a (\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0624\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0643\u0648\u0644).<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.insightsonindia.com\/2025\/02\/21\/chhatrapati-shivaji-maharaj-2\/\" title=\"11|Shivaji Administration Ashta Pradhan|Insights on India|2025\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[11]<\/a><\/sup>\n<\/p>\n<p>\n\u0642\u0633\u0651\u0645 \u0634\u064a\u0641\u0627\u062c\u064a \u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0647 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629\u064b \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0637\u0639\u0627\u062a\u064d (&#8220;\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0646\u062a&#8221;) \u064a\u0631\u0623\u0633\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0625\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u062b\u0645 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0642\u0633\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a\u064d \u0623\u0635\u063a\u0631. \u0648\u0645\u064a\u0651\u0632 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0639 \u0642\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0634 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0648\u0644\u0651\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0628 \u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u0627\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0627\u064b 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\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062b\u064a \u0627\u0646\u0647\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627\u064b. \u0642\u064f\u062f\u0650\u0651\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062b\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0644\u0641 \u0642\u062a\u064a\u0644\u064d \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u062a\u0644\u064d \u0648\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0641\u0642\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u0646\u062c\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0634\u0648\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u064a \u0628\u0627\u062c\u064a \u0631\u0627\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0643\u0631 &#8220;\u0641\u064a\u0634\u0648\u0627\u0633 \u0631\u0627\u0648&#8221;. \u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0634\u0648\u0627 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647 \u0628\u0639\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0623\u0634\u0647\u0631\u064d \u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0632\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u2014 \u0648\u0641\u0642 \u0645\u0627 \u0631\u0648\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062b\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0631\u0629.<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/store.pw.live\/blogs\/upsc-exams\/maratha-empire\" title=\"16|Third Battle of Panipat 1761|PW Live|2026\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[16]<\/a><\/sup>\n<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>\n&#8220;\u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0643\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0623\u0633\u0631\u0629\u064c \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0627\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0641\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0628\u0646\u0627\u064b \u0623\u0648 \u0623\u0628\u0627\u064b \u0623\u0648 \u0623\u062e\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0628\u0627\u062a.&#8221;<br \/>\n<strong>\u2014 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0631\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062b\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0634\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062c \u0628\u0627\u0646\u062f\u064a\u062a\u060c \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0631\u064c \u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0628\u0627\u062a\u060c \u062d. 1762\u0645<\/strong>\n<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>\n\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0631\u062b\u0629\u060c \u0623\u062b\u0628\u062a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0637\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062b\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0629\u064b \u0645\u062f\u0647\u0634\u0629\u061b \u0625\u0630 \u062a\u0648\u0644\u0651\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0634\u0648\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0628 \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0627\u0648 \u0631\u0627\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 (1761-1772\u0645) \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062f\u0633\u0629 \u0639\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0645\u0631\u0647 \u0648\u0623\u0637\u0644\u0642 \u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629\u064b \u0645\u0646 &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062b\u064a&#8221; \u0623\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0634 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0642\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f \u0648\u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0623\u0633\u064a\u0633 \u0647\u064a\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0637\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0648\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062b\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0644\u0647\u064a \u0645\u0631\u0629\u064b \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 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\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u063a\u0644\u0648-\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062b\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b: \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0627\u0639 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646<\/h2>\n<p>\n\u0623\u062e\u0630\u062a \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0645\u062f\u0651 \u0646\u0641\u0648\u0630\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0634\u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0635\u0628\u0631\u064d \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u064d\u0651 \u0645\u062d\u0633\u0648\u0628\u060c \u0645\u062a\u0633\u0644\u0651\u0644\u0629\u064b \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0637\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062b\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0628\u0631 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\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0644\u0639\u062a \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u062f\u062e\u0651\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0644\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0632\u064e\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0634\u0648\u0627 \u0631\u0627\u063a\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062b \u0631\u0627\u0648 (\u0631\u0627\u063a\u0648\u0628\u0627)\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u062a \u0628\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0647\u062f\u0629 \u0633\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u064a (1782\u0645) \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0627\u062f\u062a \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0637\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062b\u064a\u0629 \u062c\u064f\u0644\u064e\u0651 \u0645\u0627 \u0641\u0642\u062f\u062a\u0647\u060c \u0648\u062d\u064f\u0633\u0628\u062a \u0639\u0645\u0648\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0646\u0635\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062b\u064a\u0627\u064b \u062f\u0628\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0627\u064b. <sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nextias.com\/blog\/anglo-maratha-wars\/\" title=\"17|First Anglo-Maratha War|NextIAS|2026\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[17]<\/a><\/sup>\n<\/p>\n<p>\n<strong>\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u063a\u0644\u0648-\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062b\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 (1803-1805\u0645):<\/strong> \u0627\u0646\u062f\u0644\u0639\u062a \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0642\u0651\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0634\u0648\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u062c\u064a \u0631\u0627\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0647\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064f\u0630\u0644\u0651\u0629 (1802\u0645) \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u064b 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