{"id":294,"date":"2026-03-15T16:44:10","date_gmt":"2026-03-15T13:14:10","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/cosmalore.com\/ar\/2026\/03\/15\/%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b5%d9%8a%d9%86\/"},"modified":"2026-03-15T16:44:10","modified_gmt":"2026-03-15T13:14:10","slug":"%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b5%d9%8a%d9%86","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/cosmalore.com\/ar\/wiki\/%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b5%d9%8a%d9%86\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"geo-wrap\">\n<p class=\"geo-subtitle\">\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0622\u0633\u064a\u0627<\/p>\n<figure class=\"geo-img-main\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/f\/fa\/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg\/960px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png\" alt=\"\u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646\" loading=\"eager\"><figcaption>\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0640\u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<figure class=\"geo-img-flag\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/flagcdn.com\/w640\/cn.png\" alt=\"\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646\" loading=\"lazy\"><figcaption>\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a \u0644\u0640\u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<div class=\"geo-intro\">\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0647\u064a \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0622\u0633\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0645\u062a\u062f \u0634\u0648\u0627\u0637\u0626\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u064a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u062f\u0626\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639 \u0639\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0639\u062f\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u060c \u0648\u062a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0628\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0625\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/example.com\/ref1\" title=\"1|\u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646|\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629|2025\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[1]<\/a><\/sup>. \u064a\u062d\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u063a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0631\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628 \u0643\u0627\u0632\u0627\u062e\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0642\u064a\u0631\u063a\u064a\u0632\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0637\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0643\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0623\u0641\u063a\u0627\u0646\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0643\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628 \u0646\u064a\u0628\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0628\u0648\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0644\u0627\u0648\u0633 \u0648\u0641\u064a\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0643\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0641\u0631 \u0648\u0628\u062d\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642\u064a \u0648\u0628\u062d\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628\u064a<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/example.com\/ref2\" title=\"2|\u0623\u0637\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a|\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629|2024\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[2]<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p>\n<p>\u062a\u064f\u0642\u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a 9.6 \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0643\u064a\u0644\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631 \u0645\u0631\u0628\u0639\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b \u0623\u0648 \u0631\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0633\u062a\u0636\u064a\u0641 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u0631\u0628 \u0645\u0646 1.425 \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0646\u0633\u0645\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 2026\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0643\u062a\u0638\u0627\u0638\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u064b\u0627<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/example.com\/ref3\" title=\"3|\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 2026|\u0635\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646|2025\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[3]<\/a><\/sup>. \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0628\u0644\u063a \u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a (\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0645\u064a) \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a 22 \u062a\u0631\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 2026\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0631\u0633\u062e \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0643\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/example.com\/ref4\" title=\"4|\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a 2026|\u0635\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a|2025\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[4]<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p>\n<p>\u0644\u0642\u062f \u0644\u0639\u0628\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0647\u064a \u0645\u0648\u0637\u0646 \u0644\u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0636\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u0633\u0647\u0645\u062a \u0628\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u062c\u0648\u0647\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631\u062a \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0648\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0627\u0639\u0629<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/example.com\/ref5\" title=\"5|\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0636\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629|\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u0643\u064a\u0646|2024\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[5]<\/a><\/sup>. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0646\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0637\u0648\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0631\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0622\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0644\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/example.com\/ref6\" title=\"6|\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0631: \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0648\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631|\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0629 \u0633\u0645\u064a\u062b\u0633\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0627\u0646|2023\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[6]<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p>\n<p>\u0628\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635\u060c \u062a\u062a\u062c\u0633\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646 \u0643\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0639\u0638\u0645\u0649 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0636\u0627\u0647\u0649\u060c \u062a\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0625\u0631\u062b \u062d\u0636\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0639\u0645\u064a\u0642 \u064a\u0645\u062a\u062f \u0644\u0622\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u0627\u0626\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0631\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u060c \u0648\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/example.com\/ref7\" title=\"7|\u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629|\u0645\u0639\u0647\u062f \u0631\u0627\u0646\u062f \u0643\u0648\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0634\u0646|2025\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[7]<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"geo-table-wrap\">\n<div class=\"geo-table-title\">\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629<\/div>\n<table class=\"geo-info-table\">\n<tbody>\n<tr class=\"geo-tg\">\n<th colspan=\"2\">\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a<\/th>\n<td>\u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0645\u0629<\/th>\n<td>\u0628\u0643\u064a\u0646<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>\u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646<\/th>\n<td>\u0634\u0646\u063a\u0647\u0627\u064a (\u0645\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646)\u060c \u0628\u0643\u064a\u0646 (\u0645\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>\u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0629<\/th>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 (\u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a)\u060c \u0645\u0639\u062a\u0631\u0641 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0644\u063a\u0627\u062a \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0628\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u064a\u063a\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u064a\u0627\u0646<\/th>\n<td>\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0627\u064b (\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0627\u064b)\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0630\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u064a\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0641\u0648\u0634\u064a\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0633\u064a\u0633<\/th>\n<td>1 \u0623\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0628\u0631 1949 (\u062a\u0623\u0633\u064a\u0633 \u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0629)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"geo-tg\">\n<th colspan=\"2\">\u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0627<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/th>\n<td>9,600,000 \u0643\u064a\u0644\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631 \u0645\u0631\u0628\u0639 \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628\u0627\u064b<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0629<\/th>\n<td>9,388,211 \u0643\u064a\u0644\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631 \u0645\u0631\u0628\u0639<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629<\/th>\n<td>211,789 \u0643\u064a\u0644\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631 \u0645\u0631\u0628\u0639 (2.2%)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>\u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0629<\/th>\n<td>22,457 \u0643\u064a\u0644\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631 (\u0645\u0639 14 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629: \u0631\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0645\u0646\u063a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0643\u0627\u0632\u0627\u062e\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0642\u064a\u0631\u063a\u064a\u0632\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0637\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0643\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0623\u0641\u063a\u0627\u0646\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0643\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u060c \u0646\u064a\u0628\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0628\u0648\u062a\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0645\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0644\u0627\u0648\u0633\u060c \u0641\u064a\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0643\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>\u0637\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0644<\/th>\n<td>14,500 \u0643\u064a\u0644\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>\u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629<\/th>\n<td>\u062c\u0628\u0644 \u0625\u064a\u0641\u0631\u0633\u062a (Qomolangma) 8,848.86 \u0645\u062a\u0631 (\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0645\u0639 \u0646\u064a\u0628\u0627\u0644)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>\u0623\u062f\u0646\u0649 \u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629<\/th>\n<td>\u0628\u062d\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u064a\u062f\u0646\u062c \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0648\u0636 \u062a\u0648\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0646 -154 \u0645\u062a\u0631<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u062e<\/th>\n<td>\u0645\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0644\u0644\u063a\u0627\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u0635\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0648\u064a \u062c\u0627\u0641 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0639\u062a\u062f\u0644 \u0648\u0645\u0648\u0633\u0645\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0637<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"geo-tg\">\n<th colspan=\"2\">\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646 (2026)<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646<\/th>\n<td>1,425,000,000 \u0646\u0633\u0645\u0629 (\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631\u064a \u0644\u0640 2026)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>\u0627\u0644\u0643\u062b\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629<\/th>\n<td>148.4 \u0646\u0633\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0643\u064a\u0644\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631 \u0645\u0631\u0628\u0639 (\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631\u064a \u0644\u0640 2026)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0636\u0631<\/th>\n<td>67% (\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631\u064a \u0644\u0640 2026)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a<\/th>\n<td>-0.05% (\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631\u064a \u0644\u0640 2026\u060c \u064a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637\u0624 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0646\u0643\u0645\u0627\u0634 \u0637\u0641\u064a\u0641)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0631<\/th>\n<td>39.5 \u0633\u0646\u0629 (\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631\u064a \u0644\u0640 2026)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0648\u0628\u0629<\/th>\n<td>1.16 \u0645\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062f \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0645\u0631\u0623\u0629 (\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631\u064a \u0644\u0640 2026)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"geo-tg\">\n<th colspan=\"2\">\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0629<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 (\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629)<\/th>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0646 (\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a 91.6%)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0629<\/th>\n<td>\u062a\u0634\u0648\u0627\u0646\u063a\u060c \u0647\u0648\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0627\u0646\u0634\u0648\u060c \u0623\u0648\u064a\u063a\u0648\u0631\u060c \u0645\u064a\u0627\u0648\u060c \u064a\u064a\u060c \u062a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u062a\u064a\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u063a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0628\u0648\u0627\u064a\u060c \u0643\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0645 (\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a 8.4%)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"geo-tg\">\n<th colspan=\"2\">\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f (2026)<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a<\/th>\n<td>22 \u062a\u0631\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a (\u0627\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0627\u064b\u060c \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631\u064a \u0644\u0640 2026)\u061b 39 \u062a\u0631\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a (\u062a\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631\u064a \u0644\u0640 2026)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>\u0646\u0635\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c<\/th>\n<td>15,400 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a (\u0627\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0627\u064b\u060c \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631\u064a \u0644\u0640 2026)\u061b 27,400 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a (\u062a\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631\u064a \u0644\u0640 2026)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a<\/th>\n<td>4.8% (\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631\u064a \u0644\u0640 2026)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0636\u062e\u0645<\/th>\n<td>2.5% (\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631\u064a \u0644\u0640 2026)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0629<\/th>\n<td>4.5% (\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631\u064a \u0644\u0640 2026)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0629<\/th>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646\u064a (CNY)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>\u0623\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a<\/th>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0633\u0648\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0628\u0633\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062b\u0627\u062b\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0639\u0628\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0628<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>\u0623\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0627\u062a<\/th>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0643\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>\u0623\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u064a\u0646<\/th>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0643\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u060c \u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0646<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"geo-tg\">\n<th colspan=\"2\">\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 (2026)<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645<\/th>\n<td>\u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u062d\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0632\u0628<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629<\/th>\n<td>\u0634\u064a \u062c\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646\u063a (\u0633\u0643\u0631\u062a\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0632\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u0648\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a\u0629)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629\/\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0621<\/th>\n<td>\u0644\u064a \u062a\u0634\u064a\u0627\u0646\u063a (\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646<\/th>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0628<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0632\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629<\/th>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0632\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u0648\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646\u064a (\u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0632\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0643\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644<\/th>\n<td>\u0644\u0645 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646\u060c \u062a\u0623\u0633\u064a\u0633 \u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a 1 \u0623\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0628\u0631 1949<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631<\/th>\n<td>\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0629 (\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0627\u0645 1982\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0644\u0647 \u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0622\u062e\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0627\u0645 2018)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0636\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/th>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 (\u0639\u0636\u0648 \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646)\u060c \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0646\u062a\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0644\u0622\u0633\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u064a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u062f\u0626 (APEC)\u060c \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 (G20)\u060c \u0628\u0631\u064a\u0643\u0633 (BRICS)\u060c \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"geo-tg\">\n<th colspan=\"2\">\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0629<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0642<\/th>\n<td>\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 5.2 \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0643\u064a\u0644\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631 (\u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a 170,000 \u0643\u064a\u0644\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0629\u060c \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631\u064a \u0644\u0640 2026)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629<\/th>\n<td>\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 160,000 \u0643\u064a\u0644\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631 (\u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a 50,000 \u0643\u064a\u0644\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629\u060c \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631\u064a \u0644\u0640 2026)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>\u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a<\/th>\n<td>\u0645\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0643\u064a\u0646 \u062f\u0627\u0634\u064a\u0646\u063a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0634\u0646\u063a\u0647\u0627\u064a \u0628\u0648\u062f\u0648\u0646\u063a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0646\u063a\u062a\u0634\u0648 \u0628\u0627\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>\u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0626<\/th>\n<td>\u0634\u0646\u063a\u0647\u0627\u064a\u060c \u0646\u064a\u0646\u063a\u0628\u0648-\u062a\u0634\u0648\u0634\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0634\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0646\u060c \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0646\u063a\u062a\u0634\u0648\u060c \u062a\u0634\u064a\u0646\u063a\u062f\u0627\u0648\u060c \u062a\u064a\u0627\u0646\u062c\u064a\u0646<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"geo-tg\">\n<th colspan=\"2\">\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0629<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0629<\/th>\n<td>\u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u0646 3% (\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631\u064a \u0644\u0640 2026)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a<\/th>\n<td>\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 3000 \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639<\/th>\n<td>78.5 \u0633\u0646\u0629 (\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631\u064a \u0644\u0640 2026)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0648\u0641\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0641\u0627\u0644<\/th>\n<td>5.5 \u0644\u0643\u0644 1000 \u0645\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062f \u062d\u064a (\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631\u064a \u0644\u0640 2026)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"geo-map-wrap\">\n<div class=\"geo-table-title\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0629<\/div>\n<p><iframe src=\"https:\/\/www.openstreetmap.org\/export\/embed.html?bbox=-180,-90,180,90&amp;layer=mapnik&amp;marker=0,0&amp;query=China\" width=\"100%\" height=\"300\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" loading=\"lazy\" title=\"\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646\"><\/iframe><\/div>\n<figure class=\"geo-img-locator\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/0\/0b\/China_Population_Density_Map_2020.png\" alt=\"\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646\" loading=\"lazy\"><figcaption>\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0629<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<div class=\"geo-article\">\n<h2>\u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639<\/h2>\n<p>\u062a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b \u0623\u0648 \u0631\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u064f\u0642\u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a 9.6 \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0643\u064a\u0644\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631 \u0645\u0631\u0628\u0639\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0628\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u062c\u0632\u0621\u0627\u064b \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0622\u0633\u064a\u0627<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/china\/\" title=\"1|\u062d\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646|\u0648\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0628\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a\u0629|2024\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[1]<\/a><\/sup>. \u062a\u0645\u062a\u062f \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 22,000 \u0643\u064a\u0644\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0631 14 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/place\/China\/Physical-features\" title=\"2|\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646|\u0645\u0648\u0633\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u0631\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u0627|2023\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[2]<\/a><\/sup>. \u062a\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f \u0628\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u062a\u0636\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0633\u064a \u0647\u0627\u0626\u0644\u060c \u064a\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0648\u062d \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0628\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0647\u0642\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0636\u0645 \u0642\u0645\u0629 \u0625\u064a\u0641\u0631\u0633\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0639 \u0646\u064a\u0628\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0647\u0648\u0644 \u0634\u0627\u0633\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0635\u062d\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0642\u0627\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nationalgeographic.com\/history\/facts\/china-facts\/\" title=\"3|\u062d\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646|\u0646\u0627\u0634\u064a\u0648\u0646\u0627\u0644 \u062c\u064a\u0648\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0643|2022\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[3]<\/a><\/sup>. \u064a\u0628\u0644\u063a \u0637\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646 \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a 14,500 \u0643\u064a\u0644\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0637\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u062d\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0641\u0631\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0637\u0648\u0644\u0647 \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a 6,500 \u062c\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0629<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/china\/\" title=\"4|\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629|\u0648\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0628\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a\u0629|2024\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[4]<\/a><\/sup>. \u064a\u062a\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u062e \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u064a\u062a\u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0628\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0634\u0628\u0647 \u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0645\u0639\u062a\u062f\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0642\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/place\/China\/Climate\" title=\"5|\u0645\u0646\u0627\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646|\u0645\u0648\u0633\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u0631\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u0627|2023\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[5]<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0636\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u062e<\/h3>\n<figure class=\"geo-img-inline\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/6\/6a\/CEM-09-Asiae-Nova-Descriptio-China-2510.jpg\" alt=\"\u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646\" loading=\"lazy\"><figcaption>\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0629 \u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0622\u0633\u064a\u0627 \u062a\u064f\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u0646<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>\u062a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u062a\u0636\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0642\u064a\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u062a\u062f\u0631\u062c \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0636\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0628\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0647\u0642\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0647\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/place\/China\/Physical-features\" title=\"6|\u062a\u0636\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646|\u0645\u0648\u0633\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u0631\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u0627|2023\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[6]<\/a><\/sup>. \u064a\u0647\u064a\u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u063a\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646 \u0647\u0636\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u062a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u064f\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0628\u0640 &#8220;\u0633\u0642\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645&#8221;\u060c \u0628\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u064a\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 4,500 \u0645\u062a\u0631 \u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0633\u0637\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0636\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0647\u0627 7,000 \u0645\u062a\u0631<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nationalgeographic.com\/science\/article\/tibetan-plateau-facts\" title=\"7|\u0647\u0636\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u062a|\u0646\u0627\u0634\u064a\u0648\u0646\u0627\u0644 \u062c\u064a\u0648\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0643|2021\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[7]<\/a><\/sup>. \u062a\u0645\u062a\u062f \u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0629 \u062c\u0628\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0637\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0636\u0645 \u0642\u0645\u0629 \u062c\u0648\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062c\u0645\u0627 (\u0625\u064a\u0641\u0631\u0633\u062a) \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0628\u0644\u063a \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0647\u0627 8,848.86 \u0645\u062a\u0631\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/place\/Mount-Everest\" title=\"8|\u062c\u0628\u0644 \u0625\u064a\u0641\u0631\u0633\u062a|\u0645\u0648\u0633\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u0631\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u0627|2023\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[8]<\/a><\/sup>. \u064a\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u062c\u0628\u0627\u0644 \u0643\u0648\u0646\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0634\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0636 \u0635\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0634\u0627\u0633\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u062d\u0648\u0636 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u0635\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u062a\u0627\u0643\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0627\u0643\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/china\/\" title=\"9|\u0635\u062d\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646|\u0648\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0628\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a\u0629|2024\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[9]<\/a><\/sup>. \u062a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u063a\u0630\u064a \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u0649\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nationalgeographic.com\/environment\/article\/glaciers-melting-asia-water-supply\" title=\"10|\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0622\u0633\u064a\u0627|\u0646\u0627\u0634\u064a\u0648\u0646\u0627\u0644 \u062c\u064a\u0648\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0643|2020\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[10]<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p>\n<p>\u064a\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646\u064a \u0628\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u064a\u062a\u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0645\u062a\u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0633\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0636\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639\u0629\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0646\u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u062e\u064a\u0629 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/place\/China\/Climate\" title=\"11|\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u062e\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646|\u0645\u0648\u0633\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u0631\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u0627|2023\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[11]<\/a><\/sup>. \u062a\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u062e \u0634\u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0637\u0628\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u0628\u0635\u064a\u0641 \u062d\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0631\u0637\u0628 \u0648\u0634\u062a\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0639\u062a\u062f\u0644\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062a\u0644\u0642\u0649 \u0623\u0645\u0637\u0627\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u063a\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0633\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0629<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/china\/\" title=\"12|\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646|\u0648\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0628\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a\u0629|2024\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[12]<\/a><\/sup>. \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0649 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0634\u0647\u062f \u0645\u0646\u0627\u062e\u064b\u0627 \u0642\u0627\u0631\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0639\u062a\u062f\u0644\u064b\u0627\u060c \u064a\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u0628\u0635\u064a\u0641 \u062f\u0627\u0641\u0626 \u0648\u0634\u062a\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0648\u062c\u0627\u0641\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u062a\u0628\u0627\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0648\u0644<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/place\/China\/Climate\" title=\"13|\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646|\u0645\u0648\u0633\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u0631\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u0627|2023\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[13]<\/a><\/sup>. \u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0647\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u0628\u0645\u0646\u0627\u062e \u0635\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0648\u064a \u0648\u0642\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0642\u0627\u062d\u0644\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062a\u0627\u0621 \u0634\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0641 \u062d\u0627\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u062c\u062f\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u0647\u0637\u0648\u0644 \u0623\u0645\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nationalgeographic.com\/environment\/article\/deserts-of-china\" title=\"14|\u0635\u062d\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062d\u0644|\u0646\u0627\u0634\u064a\u0648\u0646\u0627\u0644 \u062c\u064a\u0648\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0643|2019\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[14]<\/a><\/sup>. \u062a\u062a\u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0633\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0636 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u0634\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062a\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0635\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 -40 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/arabic\/world-60000000\" title=\"15|\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646|\u0628\u064a \u0628\u064a \u0633\u064a \u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a|2022\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[15]<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p>\n<p>\u062a\u062a\u0648\u0632\u0639 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u062e\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a \u0648\u0623\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0623\u0646\u062d\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.un.org\/sustainabledevelopment\/blog\/2018\/01\/china-climate-change\/\" title=\"16|\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u062e \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646|\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629|2018\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[16]<\/a><\/sup>. \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c \u062a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0647\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0628\u0629\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0633\u0647\u0644 \u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0633\u0647\u0644 \u0646\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0646\u063a\u062a\u0633\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0632\u0631\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u062e\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0637\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062a\u062f\u0644\u060c \u0648\u062a\u064f\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0643\u0645\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0647\u0627\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0632 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0645\u062d \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u0631\u0629<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/place\/China\/Agriculture\" title=\"17|\u0627\u0644\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0647\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629|\u0645\u0648\u0633\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u0631\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u0627|2023\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[17]<\/a><\/sup>. \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u060c \u062a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0635\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u062c\u0648\u0628\u064a \u0648\u0635\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u062a\u0627\u0643\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0627\u0643\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639\u060c \u0648\u062a\u064f\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0631\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u0648\u064a \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0629<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nationalgeographic.com\/environment\/article\/gobi-desert\" title=\"18|\u0635\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u062c\u0648\u0628\u064a|\u0646\u0627\u0634\u064a\u0648\u0646\u0627\u0644 \u062c\u064a\u0648\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0643|2020\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[18]<\/a><\/sup>. \u062a\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u062e\u064a\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u062a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0648\u0627\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0636\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0641\u0627\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0626\u064a<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.worldbank.org\/en\/country\/china\/overview#2\" title=\"19|\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u062e \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646|\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a|2023\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[19]<\/a><\/sup>. \u062a\u062a\u062e\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062c\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u062e\u060c \u0628\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0628\u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0645 2060<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/arabic\/science-environment-54378772\" title=\"20|\u062c\u0647\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0641\u062d\u0629 \u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u062e|\u0628\u064a \u0628\u064a \u0633\u064a \u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a|2020\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[20]<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p>\n<p>\u062a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0628\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u063a\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646 \u062d\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0632 \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0636\u062e\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0623\u062b\u0631\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0632\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/place\/China\/History\" title=\"21|\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646|\u0645\u0648\u0633\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u0631\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u0627|2023\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[21]<\/a><\/sup>. \u062a\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0628\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0633\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0644 \u0645\u0639\u0642\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0628\u0643\u0629\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u062c\u0628\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u0644\u062a\u0627\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0648\u062c\u0628\u0627\u0644 \u0647\u064a\u0646\u063a\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u064f\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062a\u0636\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u0648\u0639\u0631\u0629 \u064a\u0635\u0639\u0628 \u0639\u0628\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0627<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/china\/\" title=\"22|\u062c\u0628\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629|\u0648\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0628\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a\u0629|2024\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[22]<\/a><\/sup>. \u062a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u063a\u0646\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062d\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0627\u0633\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nationalgeographic.com\/environment\/article\/mining-in-china\" title=\"23|\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0628\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646|\u0646\u0627\u0634\u064a\u0648\u0646\u0627\u0644 \u062c\u064a\u0648\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0643|2018\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[23]<\/a><\/sup>. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0644\u0639\u0628 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0630\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0621 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0628\u0639 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.un.org\/sustainabledevelopment\/blog\/2018\/01\/china-climate-change\/\" title=\"24|\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0628\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646|\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629|2018\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[24]<\/a><\/sup>. \u062a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u062f\u0644\u062a\u0627 \u0646\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0646\u063a\u062a\u0633\u064a \u0648\u062f\u0644\u062a\u0627 \u0646\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0624\u0644\u0624\u060c \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0643\u062b\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0636\u062e\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0626<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.worldbank.org\/en\/country\/china\/overview#2\" title=\"25|\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629|\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a|2023\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[25]<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629<\/h3>\n<figure class=\"geo-img-inline\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/c\/c9\/China_administrative.png\" alt=\"\u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646\" loading=\"lazy\"><figcaption>\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0629 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>\u062a\u0632\u062e\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0634\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f\u060c \u0648\u062a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0630\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0644<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/place\/China\/Hydrology\" title=\"26|\u0647\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646|\u0645\u0648\u0633\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u0631\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u0627|2023\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[26]<\/a><\/sup>. \u064a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0646\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0646\u063a\u062a\u0633\u064a (\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0646\u063a \u062c\u064a\u0627\u0646\u063a) \u0623\u0637\u0648\u0644 \u0646\u0647\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0622\u0633\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b \u0623\u0637\u0648\u0644 \u0646\u0647\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u0628\u0644\u063a \u0637\u0648\u0644\u0647 \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a 6,300 \u0643\u064a\u0644\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0646\u0628\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0636\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u062a \u0644\u064a\u0635\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u062d\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642\u064a<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nationalgeographic.com\/environment\/article\/yangtze-river\" title=\"27|\u0646\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0646\u063a\u062a\u0633\u064a|\u0646\u0627\u0634\u064a\u0648\u0646\u0627\u0644 \u062c\u064a\u0648\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0643|2021\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[27]<\/a><\/sup>. \u064a\u064f\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0646\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0646\u063a\u062a\u0633\u064a \u0628\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u0626\u0644\u0629\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u0645\u0631 \u0639\u0628\u0631 11 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0637\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0643\u0628\u0631\u0649\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0633\u0643\u0646 \u062d\u0648\u0636\u0647 \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a \u062b\u0644\u062b \u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0623\u064a \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u0631\u0628 \u0645\u0646 400 \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0646\u0633\u0645\u0629<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.worldbank.org\/en\/news\/feature\/2019\/12\/12\/yangtze-river-basin-china-integrated-urban-rural-development\" title=\"28|\u062d\u0648\u0636 \u0646\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0646\u063a\u062a\u0633\u064a|\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a|2019\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[28]<\/a><\/sup>. \u064a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0633\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0646\u063a\u062a\u0633\u064a\u060c \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u062d\u0637\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0628\u062f\u0623 \u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 2012\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0646\u062a\u062c \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a 22,500 \u0645\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0621<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/Three-Gorges-Dam\" title=\"29|\u0633\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0629|\u0645\u0648\u0633\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u0631\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u0627|2023\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[29]<\/a><\/sup>. \u064a\u064f\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0631 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0631\u064a\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u064f\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u062d\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0647<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/china\/\" title=\"30|\u0646\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0646\u063a\u062a\u0633\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0644|\u0648\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0628\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a\u0629|2024\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[30]<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0641\u0631 (\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0646\u063a \u062e\u0647) \u0647\u0648 \u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0637\u0648\u0644 \u0646\u0647\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0628\u0644\u063a \u0637\u0648\u0644\u0647 \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a 5,464 \u0643\u064a\u0644\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0646\u0628\u0639 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0636\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u062a \u0648\u064a\u0635\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u062d\u0631 \u0628\u0648\u0647\u0627\u064a<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/place\/Yellow-River\" title=\"31|\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0641\u0631|\u0645\u0648\u0633\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u0631\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u0627|2023\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[31]<\/a><\/sup>. \u064a\u064f\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0641\u0631 \u0628\u0640 &#8220;\u0645\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0636\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629&#8221; \u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0623\u0633\u0633\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0636\u0641\u0627\u0641\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0637\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nationalgeographic.com\/history\/article\/yellow-river-china\" title=\"32|\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0641\u0631 \u0645\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0636\u0627\u0631\u0629|\u0646\u0627\u0634\u064a\u0648\u0646\u0627\u0644 \u062c\u064a\u0648\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0643|2020\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[32]<\/a><\/sup>. \u064a\u064f\u0634\u062a\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0631 \u0628\u0644\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0641\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c \u0639\u0646 \u062d\u0645\u0648\u0644\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0645\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u062d\u0645\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0636\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u0633\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u064f\u062e\u0635\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0647\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u064a\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u0647<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/china\/\" title=\"33|\u0637\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0641\u0631|\u0648\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0628\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a\u0629|2024\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[33]<\/a><\/sup>. \u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u062a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0636\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0643\u0631\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0641\u0631 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0633\u0628\u0628\u062a \u0641\u064a \u062e\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u0627\u062f\u062d\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u062f\u0649 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0641\u064a\u0647<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.aljazeera.net\/encyclopedia\/2019\/12\/11\/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%86%D9%87%D8%B1-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D8%B5%D9%81%D8%B1-%D9%82%D8%B5%D8%A9-%D9%85%D9%87%D8%AF-%D8%AD%D8%B6%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B5%D9%8A%D9%86\" title=\"34|\u0641\u064a\u0636\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0641\u0631|\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0646\u062a|2019\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[34]<\/a><\/sup>. \u062a\u064f\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u062e\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u062a\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u0648\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0646\u063a\u062a\u0633\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0648\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0641\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0629<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.worldbank.org\/en\/news\/feature\/2017\/08\/01\/china-south-north-water-diversion\" title=\"35|\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u062a\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628-\u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644|\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a|2017\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[35]<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p>\n<p>\u062a\u0636\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646 \u0622\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0628\u0639\u0636\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u062d\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0630\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0628\u0639\u0636\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0628\u062d\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062a\u0648\u0632\u0639 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0648\u064d \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0623\u0646\u062d\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/place\/China\/Hydrology\" title=\"36|\u0628\u062d\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646|\u0645\u0648\u0633\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u0631\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u0627|2023\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[36]<\/a><\/sup>. \u062a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0628\u062d\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u0634\u064a\u0646\u063a\u0647\u0627\u064a \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0628\u062d\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0628\u062d\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0637\u0639\u0629 \u062a\u0634\u064a\u0646\u063a\u0647\u0627\u064a\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0628\u0644\u063a \u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a 4,583 \u0643\u064a\u0644\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0631\u0628\u0639\u064b\u0627<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nationalgeographic.com\/environment\/article\/qinghai-lake-china\" title=\"37|\u0628\u062d\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u0634\u064a\u0646\u063a\u0647\u0627\u064a|\u0646\u0627\u0634\u064a\u0648\u0646\u0627\u0644 \u062c\u064a\u0648\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0643|2019\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[37]<\/a><\/sup>. \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0630\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u0649\u060c \u0628\u062d\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0648\u064a\u0627\u0646\u063a \u0648\u0628\u062d\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u062f\u0648\u0646\u063a\u062a\u064a\u0646\u063a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u062a\u064f\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0630\u0628\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u0641\u064a\u0636\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0646\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0646\u063a\u062a\u0633\u064a \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0643\u064a\u0629<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/china\/\" title=\"38|\u0628\u062d\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0648\u064a\u0627\u0646\u063a \u0648\u062f\u0648\u0646\u063a\u062a\u064a\u0646\u063a|\u0648\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0628\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a\u0629|2024\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[38]<\/a><\/sup>. \u062a\u064f\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u062c\u0632\u0621\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u062c\u0632\u0623 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.un.org\/sustainabledevelopment\/blog\/2018\/01\/china-water-resources\/\" title=\"39|\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646|\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629|2018\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[39]<\/a><\/sup>. \u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u062a\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0637\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0648\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0639\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u0632\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0631\u0637 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u062e \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u064f\u0647\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0645\u062a\u0647\u0627<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.worldbank.org\/en\/country\/china\/overview#2\" title=\"40|\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646|\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a|2023\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[40]<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p>\n<p>\u062a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u0635\u0648\u0649\u060c \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629\u064b \u0645\u0639 \u062a\u0632\u0627\u064a\u062f \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/place\/China\/Hydrology\" title=\"41|\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646|\u0645\u0648\u0633\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u0631\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u0627|2023\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[41]<\/a><\/sup>. \u062a\u064f\u0642\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0630\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062c\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a 2,800 \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u0631 \u0645\u0643\u0639\u0628 \u0633\u0646\u0648\u064a\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0645\u0639\u0638\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u064f\u0639\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/china\/\" title=\"42|\u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0630\u0628\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646|\u0648\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0628\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a\u0629|2024\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[42]<\/a><\/sup>. \u0644\u0630\u0627\u060c \u062a\u064f\u0646\u0641\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0636\u062e\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0632\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0628\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.worldbank.org\/en\/country\/china\/overview#2\" title=\"43|\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646|\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a|2023\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[43]<\/a><\/sup>. \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u062a\u064f\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647\u060c \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0641\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u0632\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0631\u0637 \u064a\u064f\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u062e\u0637\u064a\u0631\u064b\u0627<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.un.org\/sustainabledevelopment\/blog\/2018\/01\/china-water-resources\/\" title=\"44|\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646|\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629|2018\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[44]<\/a><\/sup>. \u062a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0630\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0631\u0634\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0648\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/arabic\/science-environment-54378772\" title=\"45|\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646|\u0628\u064a \u0628\u064a \u0633\u064a \u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a|2020\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[45]<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629<\/h3>\n<figure class=\"geo-img-inline\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/0\/0b\/China_Population_Density_Map_2020.png\" alt=\"\u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646\" loading=\"lazy\"><figcaption>\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0629 \u062a\u0648\u0636\u062d \u0643\u062b\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0633\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>\u062a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u063a\u0646\u0649 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0633\u062a\u0636\u064a\u0641 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0628\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0627\u0645\u062a\u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0628\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nationalgeographic.com\/animals\/article\/china-biodiversity\" title=\"46|\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a|\u0646\u0627\u0634\u064a\u0648\u0646\u0627\u0644 \u062c\u064a\u0648\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0643|2021\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[46]<\/a><\/sup>. \u062a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u063a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0627\u0632\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062a\u062f\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0637\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0647\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0636\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639\u0629<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/place\/China\/Plant-and-animal-life\" title=\"47|\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646|\u0645\u0648\u0633\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u0631\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u0627|2023\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[47]<\/a><\/sup>. \u062a\u064f\u0642\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0648\u0637\u0646 \u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 34,000 \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u0627\u062a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0639\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629\u060c \u064810% \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u0627\u062a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0648\u0641\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0622\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.un.org\/sustainabledevelopment\/blog\/2018\/01\/china-biodiversity\/\" title=\"48|\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u0627\u062a\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646|\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629|2018\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[48]<\/a><\/sup>. \u062a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0637\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0623\u064a \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0628\u0631\u0632 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.worldwildlife.org\/places\/china\" title=\"49|\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0637\u0646\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646|\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629|2022\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[49]<\/a><\/sup>. \u062a\u062a\u062e\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 2,700 \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062a\u063a\u0637\u064a \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a 18% \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0628\u0633\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/arabic\/science-environment-54378772\" title=\"50|\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646|\u0628\u064a \u0628\u064a \u0633\u064a \u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a|2020\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[50]<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p>\n<p>\u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0628\u0631\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0637\u0646\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646 \u062f\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0642\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0631\u0645\u0632\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u062d\u064a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0647\u062f\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0636\u060c \u0648\u064a\u064f\u0642\u062f\u0631 \u0639\u062f\u062f\u0647 \u0628\u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u0646 2,000 \u0641\u0631\u062f \u064a\u0639\u064a\u0634\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0637\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0633\u064a\u062a\u0634\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0634\u0627\u0646\u0634\u064a \u0648\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0648<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nationalgeographic.com\/animals\/mammals\/facts\/giant-panda\" title=\"51|\u062f\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0642|\u0646\u0627\u0634\u064a\u0648\u0646\u0627\u0644 \u062c\u064a\u0648\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0643|2023\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[51]<\/a><\/sup>. \u062a\u064f\u0628\u0630\u0644 \u062c\u0647\u0648\u062f \u062d\u062b\u064a\u062b\u0629 \u0644\u0625\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0636\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0631 \u0648\u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0648\u0637\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0623\u062f\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0648\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0637\u0641\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631\u0629<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.worldwildlife.org\/species\/giant-panda\" title=\"52|\u062c\u0647\u0648\u062f \u0625\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0627|\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629|2022\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[52]<\/a><\/sup>. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u064f\u0639\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0641\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u062f \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/place\/China\/Plant-and-animal-life\" title=\"53|\u062d\u064a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0647\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646|\u0645\u0648\u0633\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u0631\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u0627|2023\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[53]<\/a><\/sup>. \u062a\u064f\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0637 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0633\u062a\u0636\u064a\u0641 \u0645\u0624\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0645\u0624\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0644\u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a (COP15) \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0639\u064f\u0642\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 2021<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.un.org\/sustainabledevelopment\/blog\/2021\/10\/cop15-china-biodiversity\/\" title=\"54|\u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0645\u0624\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a|\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629|2021\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[54]<\/a><\/sup>. \u062a\u064f\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639\u060c \u0648\u062a\u063a\u0637\u064a \u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a 23% \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u062c\u0647\u0648\u062f \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u062c\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/arabic\/science-environment-54378772\" title=\"55|\u062a\u063a\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646|\u0628\u064a \u0628\u064a \u0633\u064a \u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a|2020\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[55]<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p>\n<p>\u062a\u064f\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0647\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0637\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0646\u0642\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u063a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u062c\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0645\u062d\u0637\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0648\u0642\u0641 \u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062c\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nationalgeographic.com\/animals\/birds\/article\/migratory-birds-china\" title=\"56|\u0627\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u062c\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646|\u0646\u0627\u0634\u064a\u0648\u0646\u0627\u0644 \u062c\u064a\u0648\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0643|2018\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[56]<\/a><\/sup>. \u062a\u064f\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u0648\u0646\u063a\u062a\u0627\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0648\u0637\u0646 \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0646\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0648\u0631\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0637\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0643\u064a \u0630\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0645\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0631\u0645\u0632\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0648\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/animal\/red-crowned-crane\" title=\"57|\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0643\u064a \u0630\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0645\u0631|\u0645\u0648\u0633\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u0631\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u0627|2023\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[57]<\/a><\/sup>. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u064f\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u062c\u0628\u0627\u0644 \u064a\u0648\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0633\u064a\u062a\u0634\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u063a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u0627\u062a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0632\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0646\u0642\u0627\u0637\u064b\u0627 \u0633\u0627\u062e\u0646\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.worldwildlife.org\/places\/yunnan-sichuan\" title=\"58|\u064a\u0648\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0633\u064a\u062a\u0634\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a|\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629|2022\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[58]<\/a><\/sup>. \u062a\u064f\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u062a\u0646\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u062a\u062b\u0628\u064a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0629<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.un.org\/sustainabledevelopment\/blog\/2018\/01\/china-biodiversity\/\" title=\"59|\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646|\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629|2018\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[59]<\/a><\/sup>. \u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u062a\u064f\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0636\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0648\u062b \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u062c\u0647\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u062a\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0641 \u062c\u0647\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.worldbank.org\/en\/country\/china\/overview#2\" title=\"60|\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646|\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a|2023\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[60]<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p>\n<p>\u062a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u063a\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0635\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u062c\u0648\u0628\u064a \u0648\u0635\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u062a\u0627\u0643\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0627\u0643\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u064f\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u062d\u064a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0646\u0628\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0643\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0641\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0641\u0629<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nationalgeographic.com\/environment\/article\/deserts-of-china\" title=\"61|\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0626\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0635\u062d\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646|\u0646\u0627\u0634\u064a\u0648\u0646\u0627\u0644 \u062c\u064a\u0648\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0643|2019\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[61]<\/a><\/sup>. \u062a\u064f\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u0644 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0632\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u063a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0631\u0636 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0628\u0631\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0639\u064a\u0634 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/animal\/Bactrian-camel\" title=\"62|\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u0644 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0646|\u0645\u0648\u0633\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u0631\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u0627|2023\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[62]<\/a><\/sup>. \u062a\u064f\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0646\u0627\u062b\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0646\u0642\u0627\u0637\u064b\u0627 \u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u064f\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0630\u0627\u0621 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0629<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/china\/\" title=\"63|\u0648\u0627\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629|\u0648\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0628\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a\u0629|2024\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[63]<\/a><\/sup>. \u062a\u064f\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0634\u0627\u0633\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u064a\u062f\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0633\u0648\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.un.org\/sustainabledevelopment\/blog\/2018\/01\/china-biodiversity\/\" title=\"64|\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a|\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629|2018\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[64]<\/a><\/sup>. \u062a\u064f\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u062c\u0647\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0641\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u062d\u0631 \u0648\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u062c\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062c\u0641\u0627\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062f\u0647\u0648\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0632\u062d\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0628\u0642\u064a\u0629<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.worldbank.org\/en\/country\/china\/overview#2\" title=\"65|\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0641\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u062d\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646|\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a|2023\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[65]<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p>\n<h2>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e<\/h2>\n<p>\u062a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646 \u0625\u062d\u062f\u0649 \u0623\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0636\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u0639\u0648\u062f \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0628 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 3,500 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0643\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0623\u062b\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u064f\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0622\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u064a\u0646<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/place\/China\/History\" title=\"66|\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645|\u0645\u0648\u0633\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u0631\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u0627|2023\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[66]<\/a><\/sup>. \u0634\u0647\u062f\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646 \u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0629 \u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0637\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u062f\u0621\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0633\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0634\u0627\u0646\u063a (\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a 1600-1046 \u0642.\u0645.) \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0648\u0636\u0639\u062a \u0623\u0633\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0643\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0631\u0648\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u0634\u064a\u0646 (221-206 \u0642.\u0645.) \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0648\u062d\u062f\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0625\u0645\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0637\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0633\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0638\u064a\u0645<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nationalgeographic.com\/history\/article\/china-history\" title=\"67|\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0643\u0631\u0629|\u0646\u0627\u0634\u064a\u0648\u0646\u0627\u0644 \u062c\u064a\u0648\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0643|2022\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[67]<\/a><\/sup>. \u062a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0633\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627 \u0647\u0627\u0646 (206 \u0642.\u0645.-220 \u0645) \u0648\u062a\u0627\u0646\u063a (618-907 \u0645) \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0647\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0634\u0647\u062f\u062a \u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0647\u0627\u0626\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0639\u062a \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0637\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.aljazeera.net\/encyclopedia\/2018\/8\/12\/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B5%D9%8A%D9%86-%D8%AD%D8%B6%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86\" title=\"68|\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0647\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646|\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0646\u062a|2018\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[68]<\/a><\/sup>. \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u060c \u0634\u0647\u062f\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0636\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0643\u0628\u0631\u0649 \u0623\u062f\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0637\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 1912 \u0645\u0639 \u062a\u0623\u0633\u064a\u0633 \u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646\u060c \u062b\u0645 \u062a\u0644\u0627 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0639\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0646\u0628\u064a<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/china\/\" title=\"69|\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b|\u0648\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0628\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a\u0629|2024\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[69]<\/a><\/sup>. \u062a\u0623\u0633\u0633\u062a \u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a 1 \u0623\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0628\u0631 1949\u060c \u0644\u062a\u064f\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0628\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062d\u0648\u0644\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/arabic\/world-49872018\" title=\"70|\u062a\u0623\u0633\u064a\u0633 \u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0629|\u0628\u064a \u0628\u064a \u0633\u064a \u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a|2019\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[70]<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0637\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629<\/h3>\n<figure class=\"geo-img-inline\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/8\/8e\/26120-Anyang_%2849086436522%29.jpg\" alt=\"\u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646\" loading=\"lazy\"><figcaption>\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0623\u0646\u064a\u0627\u0646\u063a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062b\u0631\u064a<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0628\u0638\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u062d\u0636\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0628\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0637\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0641\u0631\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u064f\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0643\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062b\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0645\u062b\u0644 &#8220;\u0628\u0627\u0646\u0628\u0648&#8221; \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0632\u0631\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0630 \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a 6000 \u0642.\u0645.\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u0623\u062f\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0632\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u062e\u0646 \u0648\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/place\/China\/Prehistoric-period\" title=\"71|\u062d\u0636\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0627 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e|\u0645\u0648\u0633\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u0631\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u0627|2023\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[71]<\/a><\/sup>. \u062a\u064f\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0633\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0634\u064a\u0627 (\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a 2070-1600 \u0642.\u0645.) \u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0633\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u062d\u0627\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0641\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0632\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u062d\u0644 \u0646\u0642\u0627\u0634 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0631\u062e\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0646\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062b\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nationalgeographic.com\/history\/article\/china-history\" title=\"72|\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0634\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0637\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629|\u0646\u0627\u0634\u064a\u0648\u0646\u0627\u0644 \u062c\u064a\u0648\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0643|2022\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[72]<\/a><\/sup>. \u062a\u0628\u0639\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0633\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0634\u0627\u0646\u063a (\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a 1600-1046 \u0642.\u0645.)\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0633\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0635\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0648\u062b\u0642\u0629 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0631\u0643\u062a \u0648\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0647\u0627 \u0633\u062c\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0623\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0623\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/Shang-dynasty\" title=\"73|\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0634\u0627\u0646\u063a \u0648\u0639\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0644|\u0645\u0648\u0633\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u0631\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u0627|2023\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[73]<\/a><\/sup>. \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0648\u0641\u0629 \u0628\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0635\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0632 \u0648\u0628\u0646\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0642\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0639\u0627\u0635\u0645\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0646\u064a\u0627\u0646\u063a\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0643\u062a\u064f\u0634\u0641\u062a \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0636\u062e\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0628\u0642\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0645\u062f\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u0648\u0631\u0629<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.aljazeera.net\/encyclopedia\/2018\/8\/12\/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B5%D9%8A%D9%86-%D8%AD%D8%B6%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86\" title=\"74|\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0634\u0627\u0646\u063a \u0648\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0632|\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0646\u062a|2018\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[74]<\/a><\/sup>. \u064a\u064f\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0643\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0641 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062b\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0648\u062f\u064a\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062f<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/china\/\" title=\"75|\u0623\u0646\u064a\u0627\u0646\u063a \u0639\u0627\u0635\u0645\u0629 \u0634\u0627\u0646\u063a|\u0648\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0628\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a\u0629|2024\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[75]<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p>\n<p>\u062a\u0644\u062a \u0633\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0634\u0627\u0646\u063a \u0633\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u0634\u0648 (1046-256 \u0642.\u0645.)\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0623\u0637\u0648\u0644 \u0633\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u062d\u0627\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0634\u0647\u062f\u062a \u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0639 \u0638\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0641\u0648\u0634\u064a\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0634\u0643\u0644\u062a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0622\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u064a\u0646<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/Zhou-dynasty\" title=\"76|\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u0634\u0648 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629|\u0645\u0648\u0633\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u0631\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u0627|2023\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[76]<\/a><\/sup>. \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 &#8220;\u062a\u0641\u0648\u064a\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0621&#8221;\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0645\u0646\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u064f\u0633\u062d\u0628 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0641\u0634\u0644\u0648\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0634\u0639\u0628\u0647\u0645 \u0628\u0625\u0646\u0635\u0627\u0641<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nationalgeographic.com\/history\/article\/mandate-of-heaven\" title=\"77|\u062a\u0641\u0648\u064a\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646|\u0646\u0627\u0634\u064a\u0648\u0646\u0627\u0644 \u062c\u064a\u0648\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0643|2021\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[77]<\/a><\/sup>. \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u062a \u0633\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u0634\u0648 \u0628\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0629&#8221; (475-221 \u0642.\u0645.)\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u062d\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0633\u0628\u0639 \u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0642\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0633\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0645\u0646\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u062f\u0649 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0648\u062d\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0629<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.aljazeera.net\/encyclopedia\/2018\/8\/12\/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B5%D9%8A%D9%86-%D8%AD%D8%B6%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86\" title=\"78|\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0629|\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0646\u062a|2018\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[78]<\/a><\/sup>. \u062a\u064f\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u062a\u0648\u062d\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0627\u062d\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0625\u0645\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0637\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0641\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/china\/\" title=\"79|\u062a\u0648\u062d\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u062a\u0634\u0648|\u0648\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0628\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a\u0629|2024\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[79]<\/a><\/sup>. \u062a\u064f\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0642\u0631\u0648\u0646<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/Warring-States-period\" title=\"80|\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627|\u0645\u0648\u0633\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u0631\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u0627|2023\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[80]<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p>\n<p>\u062c\u0627\u0621\u062a \u0633\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u0634\u064a\u0646 (221-206 \u0642.\u0645.) \u0644\u062a\u0648\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u062a\u0634\u064a\u0646 \u0634\u064a \u0647\u0648\u0627\u0646\u063a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0623\u0633\u0633 \u0625\u0645\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0637\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u0644\u063a\u0649 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/Qin-dynasty\" title=\"81|\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u0634\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u062a\u0648\u062d\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646|\u0645\u0648\u0633\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u0631\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u0627|2023\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[81]<\/a><\/sup>. \u064a\u064f\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u062a\u0634\u064a\u0646 \u0634\u064a \u0647\u0648\u0627\u0646\u063a \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u062e\u0645 \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0633\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u0644\u0635\u062f \u063a\u0632\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0621 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0648\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0627\u062d\u0642\u0629<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nationalgeographic.com\/history\/article\/great-wall-of-china\" title=\"82|\u0633\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u062a\u0634\u064a\u0646 \u0634\u064a \u0647\u0648\u0627\u0646\u063a|\u0646\u0627\u0634\u064a\u0648\u0646\u0627\u0644 \u062c\u064a\u0648\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0643|2023\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[82]<\/a><\/sup>. \u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0628\u062a\u0648\u062d\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0633 \u0648\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0637\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u062a \u0644\u0645\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u064a\u0646<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.aljazeera.net\/encyclopedia\/2018\/8\/12\/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B5%D9%8A%D9%86-%D8%AD%D8%B6%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86\" title=\"83|\u0625\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0634\u064a\u0646 \u0634\u064a \u0647\u0648\u0627\u0646\u063a|\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0646\u062a|2018\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[83]<\/a><\/sup>. \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0633\u0642\u0648\u0637 \u0633\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u0634\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0642\u0633\u0648\u0629 \u062d\u0643\u0645\u0647\u0627\u060c \u062a\u0648\u0644\u062a \u0633\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0647\u0627\u0646 (206 \u0642.\u0645.-220 \u0645) \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u064f\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0636\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0648\u0633\u0639\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0637\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0641\u062a\u062d\u062a \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/Han-dynasty\" title=\"84|\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0647\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0631|\u0645\u0648\u0633\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u0631\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u0627|2023\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[84]<\/a><\/sup>. \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0633\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0647\u0627\u0646\u060c \u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0637\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0642\u060c \u0648\u0634\u0647\u062f\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0632\u062f\u0647\u0627\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0631\u0633\u0649 \u0623\u0633\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u0631\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0644\u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nationalgeographic.com\/history\/article\/han-dynasty-china\" title=\"85|\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0633\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0647\u0627\u0646|\u0646\u0627\u0634\u064a\u0648\u0646\u0627\u0644 \u062c\u064a\u0648\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0643|2020\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[85]<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p>\n<p>\u0634\u0647\u062f\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0633\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0647\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0642\u0633\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062d\u064a\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u0627\u0646\u063a (618-907 \u0645)\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0632\u062f\u0647\u0627\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646\u064a<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/Tang-dynasty\" title=\"86|\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u0627\u0646\u063a \u0648\u0627\u0632\u062f\u0647\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646|\u0645\u0648\u0633\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u0631\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u0627|2023\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[86]<\/a><\/sup>. \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0635\u0631 \u062a\u0627\u0646\u063a\u060c \u0628\u0644\u063a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0630\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0632\u062f\u0647\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646 \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0631\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0629<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nationalgeographic.com\/history\/article\/tang-dynasty-china\" title=\"87|\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0633\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u0627\u0646\u063a|\u0646\u0627\u0634\u064a\u0648\u0646\u0627\u0644 \u062c\u064a\u0648\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0643|2021\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[87]<\/a><\/sup>. \u062a\u0628\u0639\u062a \u0633\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u0627\u0646\u063a \u0633\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0633\u0648\u0646\u063a (960-1279 \u0645)\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0634\u0647\u062f\u062a \u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0628\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0628\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0648\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0623\u062f\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0648\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.aljazeera.net\/encyclopedia\/2018\/8\/12\/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B5%D9%8A%D9%86-%D8%AD%D8%B6%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86\" title=\"88|\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0633\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0633\u0648\u0646\u063a|\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0646\u062a|2018\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[88]<\/a><\/sup>. \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b \u0639\u0634\u0631\u060c \u063a\u0632\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0637\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062c\u0646\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u062e\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u062e\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0626\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0633\u0633\u062a \u0633\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u064a\u0648\u0627\u0646 (1271-1368 \u0645)\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0633\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0647\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0623\u0643\u0645\u0644\u0647\u0627<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/Yuan-dynasty\" title=\"89|\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u064a\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0648\u0644|\u0645\u0648\u0633\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u0631\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u0627|2023\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[89]<\/a><\/sup>. \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0637\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0648\u0644\u060c \u062a\u0623\u0633\u0633\u062a \u0633\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u064a\u0646\u063a (1368-1644 \u0645)\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0634\u0647\u062f\u062a \u0639\u0635\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0632\u062f\u0647\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0623\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0621 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0633\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u062a\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0646\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u0649<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nationalgeographic.com\/history\/article\/ming-dynasty-china\" title=\"90|\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u064a\u0646\u063a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0632\u0627\u062a|\u0646\u0627\u0634\u064a\u0648\u0646\u0627\u0644 \u062c\u064a\u0648\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0643|2020\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[90]<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0623\u0633\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629<\/h3>\n<figure class=\"geo-img-inline\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/c\/c2\/Chinese_Gunpowder_Formula.JPG\" alt=\"\u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646\" loading=\"lazy\"><figcaption>\u0648\u0635\u0641 \u0623\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0635\u064a\u063a\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0648\u0641\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0648\u062f\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0648\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0646\u063a \u062a\u0633\u0648\u0646\u063a \u064a\u0627\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646\u064a<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b \u0644\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0639 \u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0633\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u0634\u064a\u0646\u063a (1644-1912 \u0645)\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0633\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u0645\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0637\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062d\u0643\u0645\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0634\u0639\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0634\u0648<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/Qing-dynasty\" title=\"91|\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u0634\u064a\u0646\u063a|\u0645\u0648\u0633\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u0631\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u0627|2023\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[91]<\/a><\/sup>. \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0633\u0639 \u0639\u0634\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u062a \u0633\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u0634\u064a\u0646\u063a \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u062a\u0645\u0631\u062f\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u062a\u0645\u0631\u062f \u062a\u0627\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0646\u063a (1850-1864 \u0645) \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0623\u0648\u062f\u0649 \u0628\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u062e\u0627\u0635\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062f\u062e\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nationalgeographic.com\/history\/article\/taiping-rebellion\" title=\"92|\u062a\u0645\u0631\u062f \u062a\u0627\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0646\u063a|\u0646\u0627\u0634\u064a\u0648\u0646\u0627\u0644 \u062c\u064a\u0648\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0643|2021\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[92]<\/a><\/sup>. \u0623\u062f\u062a \u062d\u0631\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u064a\u0648\u0646 (1839-1842 \u0648 1856-1860 \u0645) \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0632\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u0623\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064d \u0648\u0627\u0645\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0646\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0636\u0639\u0641 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u062f\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0623\u062b\u0627\u0631 \u062d\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.aljazeera.net\/encyclopedia\/2018\/8\/12\/%D8%AD%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%A8-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%81%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%86\" title=\"93|\u062d\u0631\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u064a\u0648\u0646|\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0646\u062a|2018\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[93]<\/a><\/sup>. \u0623\u062f\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0632\u0627\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0634\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 1911\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u0646\u0647\u062a \u0642\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0637\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0648\u0623\u0633\u0633\u062a \u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a 1 \u064a\u0646\u0627\u064a\u0631 1912\u060c \u0628\u0631\u0626\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0633\u0648\u0646 \u064a\u0627\u062a \u0635\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u064f\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 &#8220;\u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629&#8221;<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/event\/Chinese-Revolution-of-1911\" title=\"94|\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0634\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a \u0648\u062a\u0623\u0633\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629|\u0645\u0648\u0633\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u0631\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u0627|2023\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[94]<\/a><\/sup>. \u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u062f\u0627\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0634\u0647\u062f\u062a \u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u062a \u0644\u0639\u0642\u0648\u062f<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/china\/\" title=\"95|\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646|\u0648\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0628\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a\u0629|2024\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[95]<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p>\n<p>\u0641\u064a \u0623\u0639\u0642\u0627\u0628 \u062a\u0623\u0633\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0638\u0647\u0631 \u062d\u0632\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u062a\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0633\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0629: \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0646\u063a (\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0632\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0645\u064a) \u0628\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0634\u064a\u0627\u0646\u062c \u0643\u0627\u064a \u0634\u064a\u0643\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0632\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u0648\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646\u064a \u0628\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0627\u0648 \u062a\u0633\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0646\u063a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062a\u0623\u0633\u0633 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1921<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/Kuomintang\" title=\"96|\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0646\u063a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0632\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u0648\u0639\u064a|\u0645\u0648\u0633\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u0631\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u0627|2023\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[96]<\/a><\/sup>. \u0627\u0646\u062f\u0644\u0639\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0632\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 1927\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0641\u062a \u0645\u0624\u0642\u062a\u064b\u0627 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 (1937-1945)\u060c \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0632\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u0646\u064a<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nationalgeographic.com\/history\/article\/chinese-civil-war\" title=\"97|\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629|\u0646\u0627\u0634\u064a\u0648\u0646\u0627\u0644 \u062c\u064a\u0648\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0643|2021\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[97]<\/a><\/sup>. \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u0641\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f\u0645\u062a \u062a\u0636\u062d\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0647\u0627\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0644\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0649 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1945<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/arabic\/world-49872018\" title=\"98|\u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629|\u0628\u064a \u0628\u064a \u0633\u064a \u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a|2019\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[98]<\/a><\/sup>. \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628\u060c \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0624\u0646\u0641\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0646\u063a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u0648\u0639\u064a\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0632\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u0648\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 1949\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u062f\u0649 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0623\u0633\u064a\u0633 \u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.aljazeera.net\/encyclopedia\/2018\/8\/12\/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B5%D9%8A%D9%86-%D8%AD%D8%B6%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86\" title=\"99|\u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0623\u0633\u064a\u0633 \u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0629|\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0646\u062a|2018\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[99]<\/a><\/sup>. \u0641\u0631\u062a \u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0646\u063a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u0627\u064a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u062a \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u064f\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0628\u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/taiwan\/\" title=\"100|\u062a\u0627\u064a\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646|\u0648\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0628\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a\u0629|2024\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[100]<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p>\n<h3>\u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0631\u0629<\/h3>\n<figure class=\"geo-img-inline\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/6\/6f\/1945_Mao_and_Chiang.jpg\" alt=\"\u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646\" loading=\"lazy\"><figcaption>\u0645\u0627\u0648 \u062a\u0633\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0646\u063a \u0648\u062a\u0634\u064a\u0627\u0646\u063a \u0643\u0627\u064a \u0634\u064a\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0634\u0648\u0646\u063a\u062a\u0634\u064a\u0646\u063a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0628\u062a\u0645\u0628\u0631 1945\u060c \u064a\u062d\u062a\u0641\u0644\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u0646<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>\u062a\u0623\u0633\u0633\u062a \u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a 1 \u0623\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0628\u0631 1949 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u064a\u062f \u0645\u0627\u0648 \u062a\u0633\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0646\u063a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0646 \u0639\u0646 \u062a\u0623\u0633\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u062a\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u0646\u0645\u0646 \u0628\u0628\u0643\u064a\u0646<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Mao-Zedong\" title=\"101|\u062a\u0623\u0633\u064a\u0633 \u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0627\u0648 \u062a\u0633\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0646\u063a|\u0645\u0648\u0633\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u0631\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u0627|2023\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[101]<\/a><\/sup>. \u0628\u062f\u0623\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0632\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u0648\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646\u064a \u0628\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0625\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0648\u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0639\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628\u060c \u0648\u0634\u0647\u062f\u062a \u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u062c\u0630\u0631\u064a\u0629<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nationalgeographic.com\/history\/article\/mao-zedong-china\" title=\"102|\u0625\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0627\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0643\u0631\u0629|\u0646\u0627\u0634\u064a\u0648\u0646\u0627\u0644 \u062c\u064a\u0648\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0643|2020\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[102]<\/a><\/sup>. \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 1958\u060c \u0623\u0637\u0644\u0642 \u0645\u0627\u0648 &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0641\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u0649 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0627\u0645&#8221;\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u062d\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0632\u0631\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0648\u062a\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0639\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u062f\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0643\u0628\u0631\u0649 \u0623\u0648\u062f\u062a \u0628\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0639\u0634\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u064a 1959 \u0648 1961<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/arabic\/world-49872018\" title=\"103|\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0641\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u0649 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646|\u0628\u064a \u0628\u064a \u0633\u064a \u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a|2019\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[103]<\/a><\/sup>. \u062a\u0628\u0639\u062a\u0647\u0627 &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0648\u0644\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u0649&#8221; (1966-1976)\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u062d\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0637\u0644\u0642\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0627\u0648 \u0644\u062a\u0637\u0647\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0623\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629&#8221; \u0648&#8221;\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629&#8221;\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0633\u0641\u0631\u062a \u0639\u0646 \u0641\u0648\u0636\u0649 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0636\u0637\u0647\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0646<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.aljazeera.net\/encyclopedia\/2018\/8\/12\/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AB%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AB%D9%82%D8%A7%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B5%D9%8A%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A9\" title=\"104|\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646|\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0646\u062a|2018\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[104]<\/a><\/sup>. \u062a\u064f\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0627 \u0632\u0627\u0644\u062a \u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u062d\u0644 \u0646\u0642\u0627\u0634 \u0648\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/china\/\" title=\"105|\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629|\u0648\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0628\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a\u0629|2024\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[105]<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p>\n<p>\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0648\u0641\u0627\u0629 \u0645\u0627\u0648 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 1976\u060c \u062a\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0646\u063a \u0634\u064a\u0627\u0648 \u0628\u064a\u0646\u063a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0648\u0627\u062e\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0639\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0630\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u064f\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u0645 &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0641\u062a\u0627\u062d&#8221;<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Deng-Xiaoping\" title=\"106|\u062f\u0646\u063a \u0634\u064a\u0627\u0648 \u0628\u064a\u0646\u063a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0641\u062a\u0627\u062d|\u0645\u0648\u0633\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u0631\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u0627|2023\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[106]<\/a><\/sup>. \u0647\u062f\u0641\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u062e\u0637\u0637 \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0633\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0643\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u064a\u0637\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0632\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u0648\u0639\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.worldbank.org\/en\/country\/china\/overview#2\" title=\"107|\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646|\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a|2023\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[107]<\/a><\/sup>. \u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0641\u062a\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0646\u0628\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0634\u062c\u064a\u0639 \u0631\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nationalgeographic.com\/history\/article\/china-economic-reform\" title=\"108|\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0641\u062a\u0627\u062d|\u0646\u0627\u0634\u064a\u0648\u0646\u0627\u0644 \u062c\u064a\u0648\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0643|2022\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[108]<\/a><\/sup>. \u0623\u0633\u0641\u0631\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0646 \u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0633\u0628\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0644\u0639\u0642\u0648\u062f\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u0631\u0641\u0639 \u0645\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u062b\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631 \u0648\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0628\u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0645 2010<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.imf.org\/en\/Countries\/CHN\" title=\"109|\u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646\u064a|\u0635\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a|2023\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[109]<\/a><\/sup>. \u062a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f \u063a\u064a\u0631\u062a \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062c\u0630\u0631\u064a<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/arabic\/world-49872018\" title=\"110|\u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646 \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629|\u0628\u064a \u0628\u064a \u0633\u064a \u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a|2019\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[110]<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p>\n<p>\u0634\u0647\u062f\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0628\u0631\u0632\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u062c\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0633\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u062a\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u0646\u0645\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u064a\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0648 1989\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0637\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0642\u0645\u0639\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/event\/Tiananmen-Square-incident\" title=\"111|\u0627\u062d\u062a\u062c\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u062a\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u0646\u0645\u0646|\u0645\u0648\u0633\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u0631\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u0627|2023\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[111]<\/a><\/sup>. \u0628\u0639\u062f \u062f\u0646\u063a \u0634\u064a\u0627\u0648 \u0628\u064a\u0646\u063a\u060c \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0642\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646 \u062c\u064a\u0627\u0646\u063a \u062a\u0633\u0647 \u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u062c\u064a\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0648\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0630\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/china\/\" title=\"112|\u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u062f\u0646\u063a|\u0648\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0628\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a\u0629|2024\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[112]<\/a><\/sup>. \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 2012\u060c \u062a\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0634\u064a \u062c\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646\u063a \u0645\u0646\u0635\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0632\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u0648\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0639\u0647\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u064a\u064f\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0639\u0644\u0649 &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646\u064a&#8221; \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0638\u064a\u0645\u0629<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Xi-Jinping\" title=\"113|\u0634\u064a \u062c\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646\u063a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646\u064a|\u0645\u0648\u0633\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u0631\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u0627|2023\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[113]<\/a><\/sup>. \u062a\u064f\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0634\u064a \u062c\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646\u063a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0641\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0633\u0627\u062f\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0642\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0632\u0628\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0639 \u0646\u0641\u0648\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062b\u0644 &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0632\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642&#8221;<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nationalgeographic.com\/history\/article\/china-belt-and-road-initiative\" title=\"114|\u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0632\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0648\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0634\u064a|\u0646\u0627\u0634\u064a\u0648\u0646\u0627\u0644 \u062c\u064a\u0648\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0643|2021\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[114]<\/a><\/sup>. \u062a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0644\u0639\u0628 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u062a\u0632\u0627\u064a\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0624\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.un.org\/sustainabledevelopment\/blog\/2018\/01\/china-global-role\/\" title=\"115|\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0648\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627|\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629|2018\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[115]<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p>\n<h2>\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0648\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645<\/h2>\n<p>\u062a\u064f\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0643\u064a \u0630\u064a \u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0635\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0632\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u0648\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646\u064a \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0632\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0645\u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/place\/China\/Government-and-society\" title=\"116|\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646|\u0645\u0648\u0633\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u0631\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u0627|2023\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[116]<\/a><\/sup>. \u064a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0645\u0649 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0623\u064f\u0642\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 1982\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0644\u0647 \u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0622\u062e\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 2018\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u064f\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u064a\u064f\u0639\u0644\u0646 \u0639\u0646 \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0648\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0646<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/china\/\" title=\"117|\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646|\u0648\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0628\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a\u0629|2024\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[117]<\/a><\/sup>. \u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u064a\u064f\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u064a\u064f\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u064f\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0647\u064a\u0627\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0632\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u0648\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646\u064a<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/arabic\/world-44026601\" title=\"118|\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0632\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u0648\u0639\u064a \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646|\u0628\u064a \u0628\u064a \u0633\u064a \u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a|2018\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[118]<\/a><\/sup>. \u062a\u064f\u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0642\u0636\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u064f\u0633\u064a\u0637\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u062a\u064f\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0632\u0628<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.aljazeera.net\/encyclopedia\/2018\/8\/12\/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%86%D8%B8%D8%A7%D9%85-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%8A-%D9%81%D9%8A-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B5%D9%8A%D9%86\" title=\"119|\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0632\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646|\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0646\u062a|2018\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[119]<\/a><\/sup>. \u064a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0634\u064a \u062c\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646\u063a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646\u0635\u0628\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 2013\u060c \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0632\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u0648\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644\u0647 \u064a\u062a\u0645\u062a\u0639 \u0628\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Xi-Jinping\" title=\"120|\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0628 \u0634\u064a \u062c\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646\u063a|\u0645\u0648\u0633\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u0631\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u0627|2023\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[120]<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0632\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u0648\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646\u064a<\/h3>\n<figure class=\"geo-img-inline\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/e\/ef\/China_Senate_House.jpg\" alt=\"\u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646\" loading=\"lazy\"><figcaption>\u0642\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u0649 \u0648\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u062a\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u0646\u0645\u0646\u060c \u0628\u0643\u064a\u0646\u060c \u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0629. \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a: \u062a\u0634\u0627\u0646\u063a \u0628\u0648<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>\u064a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0632\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u0648\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646\u064a (CPC) \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u064a\u0645\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0623\u0633\u0633 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 1921 \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 1949<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/Chinese-Communist-Party\" title=\"121|\u062a\u0623\u0633\u064a\u0633 \u0648\u0633\u064a\u0637\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0632\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u0648\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646\u064a|\u0645\u0648\u0633\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u0631\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u0627|2023\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[121]<\/a><\/sup>. \u064a\u0628\u0644\u063a \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0623\u0639\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0632\u0628 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 98 \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0636\u0648 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0645 2023\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644\u0647 \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0632\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/china\/\" title=\"122|\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0623\u0639\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0632\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u0648\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646\u064a|\u0648\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0628\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a\u0629|2024\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[122]<\/a><\/sup>. \u064a\u064f\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0632\u0628 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0648\u062a\u064f\u0646\u0641\u0630 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0647\u064a\u0627\u0643\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0642\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0645\u062a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0645\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/arabic\/world-44026601\" title=\"123|\u0647\u064a\u0627\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0632\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u0648\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646\u064a|\u0628\u064a \u0628\u064a \u0633\u064a \u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a|2018\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[123]<\/a><\/sup>. \u062a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0647\u064a \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0644\u0635\u0646\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0632\u0628\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0633\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0623\u0639\u0636\u0627\u0621\u060c \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0643\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0642\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.aljazeera.net\/encyclopedia\/2018\/8\/12\/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%86%D8%B8%D8%A7%D9%85-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%8A-%D9%81%D9%8A-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B5%D9%8A%D9%86\" title=\"124|\u0627\u0644\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0632\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u0648\u0639\u064a|\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0646\u062a|2018\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[124]<\/a><\/sup>. \u064a\u064f\u0634\u063a\u0644 \u0634\u064a \u062c\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646\u063a \u0645\u0646\u0635\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0632\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u0648\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0635\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0623\u0644\u063a\u0649 \u0642\u064a\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 2018\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u0645\u062d \u0644\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0642\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0629 \u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u0629<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Xi-Jinping\" title=\"125|\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0632\u0628 \u0648\u0625\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0648\u062f|\u0645\u0648\u0633\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u0631\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u0627|2023\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[125]<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p>\n<p>\u062a\u064f\u0634\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0632\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0623\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0632\u0628<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/china\/\" title=\"126|\u0625\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0632\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629|\u0648\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0628\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a\u0629|2024\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[126]<\/a><\/sup>. \u062a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0632\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u062c\u0632\u0621\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u062c\u0632\u0623 \u0645\u0646 \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0629 \u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u064f\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u062c\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/place\/China\/Government-and-society\" title=\"127|\u0627\u0644\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0632\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629|\u0645\u0648\u0633\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u0631\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u0627|2023\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[127]<\/a><\/sup>. \u064a\u064f\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0632\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629&#8221;\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u062d\u0632\u0627\u0628 \u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0645\u0639\u062a\u0631\u0641 \u0628\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0645 \u0628\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0632\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u0648\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u064f\u0633\u0645\u062d \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a \u0633\u0644\u0637\u062a\u0647<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/arabic\/world-44026601\" title=\"128|\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0632\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646|\u0628\u064a \u0628\u064a \u0633\u064a \u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a|2018\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[128]<\/a><\/sup>. \u064a\u064f\u0639\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0632\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u0648\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646\u064a \u0643\u0644 \u062e\u0645\u0633 \u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u064a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0632\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u0649 \u0644\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0645\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0628\u0644\u0629<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.aljazeera.net\/encyclopedia\/2018\/8\/12\/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%86%D8%B8%D8%A7%D9%85-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%8A-%D9%81%D9%8A-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B5%D9%8A%D9%86\" title=\"129|\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0632\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u0648\u0639\u064a|\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0646\u062a|2018\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[129]<\/a><\/sup>. \u062a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0632\u0628 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0641\u0643\u0631 \u0645\u0627\u0648 \u062a\u0633\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0646\u063a \u0648\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u0646\u063a \u0634\u064a\u0627\u0648 \u0628\u064a\u0646\u063a \u0648\u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0640 \u0647\u0648 \u062c\u064a\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0648\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u0643\u0631 \u0634\u064a \u062c\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646\u063a \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/Chinese-Communist-Party\" title=\"130|\u0623\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0632\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u0648\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646\u064a|\u0645\u0648\u0633\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u0631\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u0627|2023\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[130]<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629<\/h3>\n<p>\u064a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646\u064a (NPC) \u0647\u0648 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u064a\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a 2,980 \u0646\u0627\u0626\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0628\u0647\u0645 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631 \u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062f\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u062e\u0645\u0633 \u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/place\/China\/Government-and-society\" title=\"131|\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646\u064a|\u0645\u0648\u0633\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u0631\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u0627|2023\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[131]<\/a><\/sup>. \u064a\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0628 \u0645\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0633\u0646\u0648\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0645\u062f\u0629 \u0623\u0633\u0628\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0634\u0647\u0631 \u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u060c \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062e\u0637\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u064f\u0642\u062a\u0631\u062d\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0632\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/china\/\" title=\"132|\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0628|\u0648\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0628\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a\u0629|2024\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[132]<\/a><\/sup>. \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u064a\u062a\u0645\u062a\u0639 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0639\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0643\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u064a\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0642\u062f \u062d\u064f\u0633\u0645\u062a \u0645\u0633\u0628\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0632\u0628<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/arabic\/world-44026601\" title=\"133|\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0628|\u0628\u064a \u0628\u064a \u0633\u064a \u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a|2018\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[133]<\/a><\/sup>. \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062a\u064f\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0628 \u0633\u0644\u0637\u0629 \u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a 175 \u0639\u0636\u0648\u064b\u0627<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.aljazeera.net\/encyclopedia\/2018\/8\/12\/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%86%D8%B8%D8%A7%D9%85-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%8A-%D9%81%D9%8A-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B5%D9%8A%D9%86\" title=\"134|\u0627\u0644\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0628|\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0646\u062a|2018\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[134]<\/a><\/sup>. \u064a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0647\u0648 \u0625\u0636\u0641\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0632\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0628\u062f\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0643\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u0647\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u064f\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0634 \u0648\u062a\u064f\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/place\/China\/Government-and-society\" title=\"135|\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0628|\u0645\u0648\u0633\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u0631\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u0627|2023\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[135]<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p>\n<p>\u064a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 (\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0621) \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a \u0644\u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u064a\u064f\u0634\u0631\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/place\/China\/Government-and-society\" title=\"136|\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646|\u0645\u0648\u0633\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u0631\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u0627|2023\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[136]<\/a><\/sup>. \u064a\u0631\u0623\u0633 \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0642\u0648\u0649 \u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0632\u0628\u060c \u0648\u064a\u064f\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0647 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0648\u0627\u0628 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0646<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/china\/\" title=\"137|\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629|\u0648\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0628\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a\u0629|2024\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[137]<\/a><\/sup>. \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0645 2023\u060c \u064a\u062a\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0644\u064a \u062a\u0634\u064a\u0627\u0646\u063a \u0645\u0646\u0635\u0628 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0621<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/arabic\/world-65123456\" title=\"138|\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646|\u0628\u064a \u0628\u064a \u0633\u064a \u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a|2023\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[138]<\/a><\/sup>. \u064a\u064f\u0634\u0631\u0641 \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u064f\u0646\u0641\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0641\u0627\u0639<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.aljazeera.net\/encyclopedia\/2018\/8\/12\/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%86%D8%B8%D8%A7%D9%85-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%8A-%D9%81%D9%8A-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B5%D9%8A%D9%86\" title=\"139|\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646\u064a|\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0646\u062a|2018\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[139]<\/a><\/sup>. \u062a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u062a\u064f\u0634\u0631\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u064a\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0628\u064a\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0631\u0623\u0633\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0634\u064a \u062c\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646\u063a\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0646\u062d\u0647 \u0633\u064a\u0637\u0631\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u062d\u0629<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/place\/China\/Government-and-society\" title=\"140|\u0627\u0644\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a\u0629|\u0645\u0648\u0633\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u0631\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u0627|2023\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[140]<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/h3>\n<p>\u062a\u0646\u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 22 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0637\u0639\u0629\u060c \u06485 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645\u060c \u06484 \u0628\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a\u0629 (\u0628\u0643\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0646\u062c\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0634\u0646\u063a\u0647\u0627\u064a \u0648\u062a\u0634\u0648\u0646\u063a\u062a\u0634\u064a\u0646\u063a)\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u062e\u0627\u0635\u062a\u064a\u0646 (\u0647\u0648\u0646\u063a \u0643\u0648\u0646\u063a \u0648\u0645\u0627\u0643\u0627\u0648)<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/china\/\" title=\"141|\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0633\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646|\u0648\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0628\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a\u0629|2024\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[141]<\/a><\/sup>. \u062a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645 (\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0634\u064a\u0646\u062c\u064a\u0627\u0646\u063a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u062a) \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u062a\u064f\u0645\u0646\u062d \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0644\u064a\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u064f\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0632\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u0648\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a\u0629<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/place\/China\/Government-and-society\" title=\"142|\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646|\u0645\u0648\u0633\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u0631\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u0627|2023\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[142]<\/a><\/sup>. \u062a\u062a\u0645\u062a\u0639 \u0647\u0648\u0646\u063a \u0643\u0648\u0646\u063a \u0648\u0645\u0627\u0643\u0627\u0648\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u062f\u062a\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645\u064a 1997 \u0648 1999 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0628\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 &#8220;\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645\u0627\u0646&#8221; \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0645\u0646\u062d\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u062a\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0648\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/arabic\/world-49872018\" title=\"143|\u0647\u0648\u0646\u063a \u0643\u0648\u0646\u063a \u0648\u0645\u0627\u0643\u0627\u0648 \u0648\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645\u0627\u0646|\u0628\u064a \u0628\u064a \u0633\u064a \u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a|2019\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[143]<\/a><\/sup>. \u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0634\u0647\u062f\u062a \u0647\u0648\u0646\u063a \u0643\u0648\u0646\u063a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u062f\u062e\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u0632\u0627\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u0643\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u062b\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u062e\u0627\u0648\u0641 \u0628\u0634\u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0642\u0648\u064a\u0636 \u062d\u0643\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a \u0648\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.aljazeera.net\/politics\/2020\/7\/1\/%D9%82%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%88%D9%86-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%85%D9%86-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%D9%88%D9%85%D9%8A-%D9%81%D9%8A-%D9%87%D9%88%D9%86%D8%BA-%D9%83%D9%88%D9%86%D8%BA-%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B5%D9%8A%D9%86\" title=\"144|\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0645\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0648\u0646\u063a \u0643\u0648\u0646\u063a|\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0646\u062a|2020\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[144]<\/a><\/sup>. \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u060c \u062a\u064f\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0637\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0637\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0633 \u0634\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0646 \u062d\u0632\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u064f\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631\u064a \u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a\u0629<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/china\/\" title=\"145|\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646|\u0648\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0628\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a\u0629|2024\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[145]<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p>\n<p>\u062a\u064f\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0648\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/place\/China\/Government-and-society\" title=\"146|\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629|\u0645\u0648\u0633\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u0631\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u0627|2023\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[146]<\/a><\/sup>. \u062a\u064f\u0639\u062f &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0643\u0644 \u0634\u064a\u0621&#8221; \u0645\u0628\u062f\u0623\u064b \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0648\u064a\u064f\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0635\u0627\u0631\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a \u0648\u0642\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0636\u0629<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/arabic\/world-44026601\" title=\"147|\u0645\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646|\u0628\u064a \u0628\u064a \u0633\u064a \u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a|2018\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[147]<\/a><\/sup>. \u062a\u064f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0646\u062c\u062d\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0631\u0641\u0639 \u0645\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0642\u0639 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0625\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0632\u064b\u0627 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u064b\u0627<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.worldbank.org\/en\/country\/china\/overview#2\" title=\"148|\u062c\u0647\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0641\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631|\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a|2023\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[148]<\/a><\/sup>. \u062a\u064f\u0646\u0641\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0639\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0628\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0634\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0646<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.un.org\/sustainabledevelopment\/blog\/2018\/01\/china-social-policies\/\" title=\"149|\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646|\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629|2018\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[149]<\/a><\/sup>. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u064f\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0636\u062e\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631\u060c \u0628\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646 \u0631\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0637\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0629<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.aljazeera.net\/economy\/2023\/1\/15\/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B5%D9%8A%D9%86-%D9%88%D8%B3%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%82-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%82%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A9\" title=\"150|\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646|\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0646\u062a|2023\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[150]<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p>\n<h2>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f<\/h2>\n<p>\u064a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646\u064a \u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0645\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0634\u0647\u062f \u0646\u0645\u0648\u064b\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0629<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.imf.org\/en\/Countries\/CHN\" title=\"151|\u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646\u064a|\u0635\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a|2023\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[151]<\/a><\/sup>. \u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0628\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0629 &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0641\u062a\u0627\u062d&#8221; \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 1978\u060c \u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u062e\u0637\u0637 \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a \u0641\u0642\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0633\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0643\u064a \u062f\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0643\u064a \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0641\u062a\u062d \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u0631\u0641\u0639 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a 200 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 1980 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 12,000 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 2022<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.worldbank.org\/en\/country\/china\/overview#2\" title=\"152|\u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646|\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a|2023\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[152]<\/a><\/sup>. \u062a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u060c \u0648\u062a\u064f\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645 \u0628\u0646\u062d\u0648 18% \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/place\/China\/Economy\" title=\"153|\u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646 \u0643\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629|\u0645\u0648\u0633\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u0631\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u0627|2023\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[153]<\/a><\/sup>. \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u064f\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0632\u0627\u064a\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0643\u0642\u0648\u0649 \u062f\u0627\u0641\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644\u064a<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/china\/\" title=\"154|\u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646\u064a|\u0648\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0628\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a\u0629|2024\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[154]<\/a><\/sup>. \u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u064a\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646\u064a \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0634\u064a\u062e\u0648\u062e\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/arabic\/business-65809831\" title=\"155|\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646\u064a|\u0628\u064a \u0628\u064a \u0633\u064a \u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a|2023\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[155]<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639<\/h3>\n<figure class=\"geo-img-inline\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/4\/4a\/China%2C_Trends_in_the_Human_Development_Index_1970-2010.png\" alt=\"\u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646\" loading=\"lazy\"><figcaption>\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646 1970-2010<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0630\u0631\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0648\u0627\u062e\u0631 \u0633\u0628\u0639\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0636\u064a\u060c \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062f\u0646\u063a \u0634\u064a\u0627\u0648 \u0628\u064a\u0646\u063a\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u0625\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0641\u062a\u0627\u062d&#8221; \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 1978<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/place\/China\/Economy\" title=\"156|\u0628\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646|\u0645\u0648\u0633\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u0631\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u0627|2023\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[156]<\/a><\/sup>. \u0647\u062f\u0641\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0637\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u064a\u064f\u0637\u0628\u0642 \u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1949\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0628\u0646\u064a \u0646\u0647\u062c \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u062a\u0648\u062c\u0647\u0627\u064b \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0642 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0637\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0632\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u0648\u0639\u064a<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.worldbank.org\/en\/country\/china\/overview#2\" title=\"157|\u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0641\u062a\u0627\u062d \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646|\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a|2023\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[157]<\/a><\/sup>. \u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0625\u062f\u062e\u0627\u0644 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u062f\u0649 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0648\u062a\u062e\u0641\u064a\u0641 \u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0641\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u064a 1978 \u0648 1984<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nationalgeographic.com\/history\/article\/china-economic-reform\" title=\"158|\u0625\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629|\u0646\u0627\u0634\u064a\u0648\u0646\u0627\u0644 \u062c\u064a\u0648\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0643|2022\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[158]<\/a><\/sup>. \u062a\u0628\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0625\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0627\u062d \u0628\u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0648\u0641\u062a\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 (SEZs) \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062f\u0646 \u0633\u0627\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0634\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0646 \u0648\u0632\u0648\u0647\u0627\u064a\u060c \u0644\u062c\u0630\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0646\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/china\/\" title=\"159|\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646|\u0648\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0628\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a\u0629|2024\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[159]<\/a><\/sup>. \u0633\u0645\u062d\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0633\u0628\u0648\u0642\u0629\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0648\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a 10% \u0644\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0645\u062a\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.imf.org\/en\/Countries\/CHN\" title=\"160|\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646\u064a|\u0635\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a|2023\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[160]<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p>\n<p>\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0645\u064a\u0642 \u0625\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0639\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0628\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u062e\u0635\u062e\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0648\u0643\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 (WTO) \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 2001<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/place\/China\/Economy\" title=\"161|\u0627\u0646\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629|\u0645\u0648\u0633\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u0631\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u0627|2023\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[161]<\/a><\/sup>. \u0623\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u0639\u0632\u0632 \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0643\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u062a\u0635\u062f\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062c\u0630\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0646\u0628\u064a\u0629<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.worldbank.org\/en\/country\/china\/overview#2\" title=\"162|\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646|\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a|2023\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[162]<\/a><\/sup>. \u0628\u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0645 2010\u060c \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u062a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u060c \u0648\u062a\u064f\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u0635\u0646\u0639 \u0644\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.imf.org\/en\/Countries\/CHN\" title=\"163|\u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646 \u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f|\u0635\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a|2023\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[163]<\/a><\/sup>. \u062a\u064f\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u060c \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u062f\u0648\u062c\u0629&#8221; \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u064f\u0637\u0644\u0642\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 2020<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/arabic\/business-53909794\" title=\"164|\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u062f\u0648\u062c\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646|\u0628\u064a \u0628\u064a \u0633\u064a \u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a|2020\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[164]<\/a><\/sup>. \u064a\u064f\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0636\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0633\u0639\u064a\u0647 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/china\/\" title=\"165|\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646\u064a|\u0648\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0628\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a\u0629|2024\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[165]<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0629<\/h3>\n<figure class=\"geo-img-inline\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/0\/02\/2023_BYD_Song_Plus_DM-i_%28front%29.jpg\" alt=\"\u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646\" loading=\"lazy\"><figcaption>\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0629 BYD Song Plus DM-i\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0637\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0644\u064a\u0648\u062e\u0647\u060c \u0634\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0646\u060c \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0637\u0639\u0629 \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0646\u063a\u062f\u0648\u0646\u063a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>\u062a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u064f\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0639\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0633\u0648\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/place\/China\/Economy\" title=\"166|\u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646 \u0643\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629|\u0645\u0648\u0633\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u0631\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u0627|2023\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[166]<\/a><\/sup>. \u064a\u064f\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0648\u064a\u064f\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645 \u0628\u0646\u062d\u0648 39% \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 2022<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/china\/\" title=\"167|\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646\u064a|\u0648\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0628\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a\u0629|2024\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[167]<\/a><\/sup>. \u062a\u064f\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0637\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a (5G)\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0648\u062a\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062c\u062f\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0631\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0628\u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0645 2035<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.aljazeera.net\/economy\/2023\/1\/15\/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B5%D9%8A%D9%86-%D9%88%D8%B3%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%82-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%82%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A9\" title=\"168|\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646|\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0646\u062a|2023\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[168]<\/a><\/sup>. \u062a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629 &#8220;\u0635\u0646\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646 2025&#8221; \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0631\u064a<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/arabic\/business-46087796\" title=\"169|\u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0635\u0646\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646 2025|\u0628\u064a \u0628\u064a \u0633\u064a \u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a|2018\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[169]<\/a><\/sup>. \u062a\u064f\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u0649\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0647\u0648\u0627\u0648\u064a \u0648\u0628\u0627\u064a\u062f\u0648 \u0648\u062a\u064a\u0646\u0633\u0646\u062a\u060c \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0641\u0639 \u0639\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a \u0648\u062a\u0635\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0623\u0646\u062d\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nationalgeographic.com\/history\/article\/china-technology-innovation\" title=\"170|\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u0649|\u0646\u0627\u0634\u064a\u0648\u0646\u0627\u0644 \u062c\u064a\u0648\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0643|2021\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[170]<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p>\n<p>\u062a\u064f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0647\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0634\u0628\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.worldbank.org\/en\/country\/china\/overview#2\" title=\"171|\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646|\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a|2023\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[171]<\/a><\/sup>. \u062a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 \u0637\u0648\u0644\u0647\u0627 42,000 \u0643\u064a\u0644\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631 \u0628\u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0645 2022\u060c \u0648\u062a\u064f\u0631\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u0649 \u0628\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/place\/China\/Transportation\" title=\"172|\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646|\u0645\u0648\u0633\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u0631\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u0627|2023\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[172]<\/a><\/sup>. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0645\u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646 \u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0636\u062e\u0645\u0629 \u064a\u0628\u0644\u063a \u0637\u0648\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 177,000 \u0643\u064a\u0644\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 2022\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/china\/\" title=\"173|\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646|\u0648\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0628\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a\u0629|2024\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[173]<\/a><\/sup>. \u062a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0626 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0632\u062f\u062d\u0627\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u064f\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0634\u0646\u063a\u0647\u0627\u064a \u0648\u0634\u0646\u062c\u0646 \u0648\u0646\u064a\u0646\u063a\u0628\u0648 \u0648\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0646\u062c\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0632 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.aljazeera.net\/economy\/2022\/10\/24\/%D8%A7%D9%83%D8%AA%D8%B8%D8%A7%D8%B8-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%A6-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B5%D9%8A%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D8%AA%D9%87%D8%AF%D8%AF\" title=\"174|\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0626 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629|\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0646\u062a|2022\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[174]<\/a><\/sup>. \u062a\u064f\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629 &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0632\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642&#8221; \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0633\u0639\u0649 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0631\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0622\u0633\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0627 \u0648\u0623\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u0636\u062e\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0635\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0631\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nationalgeographic.com\/history\/article\/china-belt-and-road-initiative\" title=\"175|\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0632\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642|\u0646\u0627\u0634\u064a\u0648\u0646\u0627\u0644 \u062c\u064a\u0648\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0643|2021\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[175]<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0627\u0644\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629<\/h3>\n<p>\u062a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639\u064b\u0627 \u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646\u064a\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u064f\u0648\u0638\u0641 \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a 23% \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u064f\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0643\u0645\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0647\u0627\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0630\u0627\u0621 \u0644\u062a\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/place\/China\/Agriculture\" title=\"176|\u0627\u0644\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646\u064a|\u0645\u0648\u0633\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u0631\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u0627|2023\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[176]<\/a><\/sup>. \u062a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0632 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0645\u062d \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u060c \u0648\u062a\u064f\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0643\u0645\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0636\u0631\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0627\u0643\u0647<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/china\/\" title=\"177|\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0639\u064a|\u0648\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0628\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a\u0629|2024\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[177]<\/a><\/sup>. \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u062a\u064f\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a 12% \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0628\u0633\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062b\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 \u062a\u064f\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0629<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.worldbank.org\/en\/country\/china\/overview#2\" title=\"178|\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646|\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a|2023\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[178]<\/a><\/sup>. \u062a\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u062a\u062f\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0646\u0642\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0648\u062b\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u062f\u0641\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.un.org\/sustainabledevelopment\/blog\/2018\/01\/china-agriculture-challenges\/\" title=\"179|\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646|\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629|2018\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[179]<\/a><\/sup>. \u062a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0643 \u0648\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u064f\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645 \u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nationalgeographic.com\/environment\/article\/china-aquaculture\" title=\"180|\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646|\u0646\u0627\u0634\u064a\u0648\u0646\u0627\u0644 \u062c\u064a\u0648\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0643|2020\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[180]<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p>\n<p>\u062a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0625\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0627\u062a\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0628\u0644\u063a\u062a \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a 6.3 \u062a\u0631\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 2022<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.imf.org\/en\/Countries\/CHN\" title=\"181|\u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646|\u0635\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a|2023\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[181]<\/a><\/sup>. \u062a\u064f\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0633\u0648\u062c\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0628\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0646\u0639\u0629\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0637 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0632\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/china\/\" title=\"182|\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629|\u0648\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0628\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a\u0629|2024\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[182]<\/a><\/sup>. \u062a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a \u0648\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/place\/China\/Economy\" title=\"183|\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646|\u0645\u0648\u0633\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u0631\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u0627|2023\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[183]<\/a><\/sup>. \u062a\u064f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0648\u062a\u064f\u0639\u0632\u0632 \u0645\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.worldbank.org\/en\/country\/china\/overview#2\" title=\"184|\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629|\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a|2023\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[184]<\/a><\/sup>. \u062a\u064f\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u060c \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629\u060c \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u064f\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u062a\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0639 \u0623\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/arabic\/business-65809831\" title=\"185|\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629|\u0628\u064a \u0628\u064a \u0633\u064a \u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a|2023\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[185]<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p>\n<p>\u062a\u062a\u0645\u062a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062d\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0627\u0633 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0637 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/place\/China\/Resources-and-power\" title=\"186|\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629|\u0645\u0648\u0633\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u0631\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u0627|2023\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[186]<\/a><\/sup>. \u062a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0648\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0643 \u0644\u0644\u0641\u062d\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u064f\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645 \u0628\u0646\u062d\u0648 56% \u0645\u0646 \u0625\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 2022<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/china\/\" title=\"187|\u0627\u0644\u0641\u062d\u0645 \u0643\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646|\u0648\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0628\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a\u0629|2024\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[187]<\/a><\/sup>. \u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u062a\u064f\u0639\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0637 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0632\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0644\u062a\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0632\u0627\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.aljazeera.net\/economy\/2023\/1\/15\/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B5%D9%8A%D9%86-%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B7%D8%A7%D9%82%D8%A9\" title=\"188|\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629|\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0646\u062a|2023\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[188]<\/a><\/sup>. \u0644\u0630\u0627\u060c \u062a\u064f\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062c\u062f\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062d \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0628\u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0645 2060<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/arabic\/science-environment-54378772\" title=\"189|\u062c\u0647\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062c\u062f\u062f\u0629|\u0628\u064a \u0628\u064a \u0633\u064a \u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a|2020\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[189]<\/a><\/sup>. \u062a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062d \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0631 \u0628\u0643\u062b\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062c\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nationalgeographic.com\/environment\/article\/china-renewable-energy\" title=\"190|\u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062c\u062f\u062f\u0629|\u0646\u0627\u0634\u064a\u0648\u0646\u0627\u0644 \u062c\u064a\u0648\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0643|2021\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[190]<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p>\n<h2>\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639<\/h2>\n<p>\u062a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0643\u062a\u0638\u0627\u0638\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u0628\u0644\u063a \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 1.4 \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0646\u0633\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 2023\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u064f\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a 17.5% \u0645\u0646 \u0625\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.un.org\/development\/desa\/pd\/content\/world-population-prospects\" title=\"191|\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646|\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629|2023\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[191]<\/a><\/sup>. \u062a\u064f\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u064f\u0639\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0634\u064a\u062e\u0648\u062e\u0629 \u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0636 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a\u062f\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u064f\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062f\u064a\u0645\u0648\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.worldbank.org\/en\/country\/china\/overview#2\" title=\"192|\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0648\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646|\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a|2023\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[192]<\/a><\/sup>. \u064a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0643\u062b\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u063a\u0627\u064a\u0629<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/china\/\" title=\"193|\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646|\u0648\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0628\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a\u0629|2024\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[193]<\/a><\/sup>. \u064a\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646\u064a \u0645\u0646 56 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0639\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u062a\u0631\u0641 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a\u064b\u0627\u060c \u062a\u064f\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0642\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u063a\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a 91.6% \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/place\/China\/Ethnic-groups\" title=\"194|\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646|\u0645\u0648\u0633\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u0631\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u0627|2023\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[194]<\/a><\/sup>. \u0634\u0647\u062f\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u0633\u0646\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0638\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0629\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u0631\u0641\u0639 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0634\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0646<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/hdr.undp.org\/data-center\/specific-country-data?country=CHN\" title=\"195|\u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646|\u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0626\u064a|2023\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[195]<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639<\/h3>\n<figure class=\"geo-img-inline\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/e\/e8\/China_Top_10_Biggest_Cities.png\" alt=\"\u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646\" loading=\"lazy\"><figcaption>\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 10 \u0645\u062f\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>\u0628\u0644\u063a \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646 \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a 1.411 \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0646\u0633\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 2022\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0636 \u0637\u0641\u064a\u0641 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0623\u0648\u0644 \u062a\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1961<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/arabic\/world-64303463\" title=\"196|\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646|\u0628\u064a \u0628\u064a \u0633\u064a \u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a|2023\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[196]<\/a><\/sup>. \u062a\u064f\u0639\u0632\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0636 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a\u062f\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0628\u0644\u063a \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a 6.77 \u0648\u0644\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0643\u0644 1000 \u0646\u0633\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 2022\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0623\u062f\u0646\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/china\/\" title=\"197|\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646|\u0648\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0628\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a\u0629|2024\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[197]<\/a><\/sup>. \u062a\u064f\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0641\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0637\u064f\u0628\u0642\u062a \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u064a 1979 \u0648 2015\u060c \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0623\u062f\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0636 \u062d\u0627\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0648\u0628\u0629<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/one-child-policy\" title=\"198|\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0641\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646|\u0645\u0648\u0633\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u0631\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u0627|2023\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[198]<\/a><\/sup>. \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0621 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0641\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0627\u062d \u0628\u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0623\u0637\u0641\u0627\u0644 \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0623\u0633\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 2021\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a\u062f \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0641\u064e \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u064f\u0639\u0632\u0649 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u062a\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0634\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u0648\u0644\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0627\u0628<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.aljazeera.net\/news\/2021\/5\/31\/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B5%D9%8A%D9%86-%D8%AA%D8%B3%D9%85%D8%AD-%D8%A8%D8%A5%D9%86%D8%AC%D8%A7%D8%A8-3-%D8%A3%D8%B7%D9%81%D8%A7%D9%84\" title=\"199|\u0625\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0621 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0641\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f \u0648\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627|\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0646\u062a|2021\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[199]<\/a><\/sup>. \u062a\u064f\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0648\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646 \u0633\u062a\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u0632\u0627\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0634\u064a\u062e\u0648\u062e\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u064f\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0645 \u0639\u0646 60 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 400 \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0645 2040<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.worldbank.org\/en\/country\/china\/overview#2\" title=\"200|\u0634\u064a\u062e\u0648\u062e\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646|\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a|2023\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[200]<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p>\n<p>\u064a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u064f\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a \u062b\u0644\u062b \u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0628\u0633\u0629 \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u0636\u0645 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 90% \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/china\/\" title=\"201|\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646|\u0648\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0628\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a\u0629|2024\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[201]<\/a><\/sup>. \u062a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0647\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u062f\u0644\u062a\u0627 \u0646\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0646\u063a\u062a\u0633\u064a \u0648\u062f\u0644\u062a\u0627 \u0646\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0624\u0644\u0624\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0643\u062b\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u064f\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/place\/China\/Population-distribution\" title=\"202|\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062b\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646|\u0645\u0648\u0633\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u0631\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u0627|2023\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[202]<\/a><\/sup>. \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u064a\u0636\u060c \u062a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u062a \u0648\u0634\u064a\u0646\u062c\u064a\u0627\u0646\u063a\u060c \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0643\u062b\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u063a\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0636\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0633\u064a<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nationalgeographic.com\/history\/article\/china-geography-population\" title=\"203|\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062b\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646|\u0646\u0627\u0634\u064a\u0648\u0646\u0627\u0644 \u062c\u064a\u0648\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0643|2020\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[203]<\/a><\/sup>. \u0634\u0647\u062f\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646 \u0647\u062c\u0631\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0636\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u064f\u0642\u062f\u0631 \u0623\u0646 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 290 \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u062c\u0631 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0648\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646 \u0628\u062d\u062b\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u0641\u0631\u0635 \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0628\u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0645 2022<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.worldbank.org\/en\/country\/china\/overview#2\" title=\"204|\u0627\u0644\u0647\u062c\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646|\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a|2023\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[204]<\/a><\/sup>. \u062a\u064f\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0636\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 65% \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 2023\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0628\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u064f\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646 \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.un.org\/sustainabledevelopment\/blog\/2018\/01\/china-urbanization\/\" title=\"205|\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0636\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646|\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629|2018\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[205]<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0642\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0648\u064a<\/h3>\n<figure class=\"geo-img-inline\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/4\/49\/China_ethnolinguistic_1967.jpg\" alt=\"\u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646\" loading=\"lazy\"><figcaption>\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0629 \u062a\u0648\u0636\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1967<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>\u062a\u064f\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u064f\u0648\u062c\u062f 56 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0639\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u062a\u0631\u0641 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644\u064a\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0644\u063a\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/place\/China\/Ethnic-groups\" title=\"206|\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062a\u0631\u0641 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646|\u0645\u0648\u0633\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u0631\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u0627|2023\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[206]<\/a><\/sup>. \u062a\u064f\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0642\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u063a\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u064f\u0642\u062f\u0631 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0628\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a 91.6% \u0645\u0646 \u0625\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 2020\u060c \u0648\u064a\u064f\u0639\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0639\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/china\/\" title=\"207|\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0642\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646|\u0648\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0628\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a\u0629|2024\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[207]<\/a><\/sup>. \u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0640 55 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0628\u0642\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0641\u062a\u064f\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a 8.4% \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0628\u0644\u063a \u0639\u062f\u062f\u0647\u0645 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 110 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0646\u0633\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0648\u064a\u062a\u0648\u0632\u0639\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0623\u0646\u062d\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f\u060c \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nationalgeographic.com\/history\/article\/ethnic-groups-china\" title=\"208|\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646|\u0646\u0627\u0634\u064a\u0648\u0646\u0627\u0644 \u062c\u064a\u0648\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0643|2021\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[208]<\/a><\/sup>. \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0628\u0631\u0632 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a: \u062a\u0634\u0648\u0627\u0646\u063a\u060c \u0647\u0648\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0627\u0646\u0634\u0648\u060c \u0623\u0648\u064a\u063a\u0648\u0631\u060c \u0645\u064a\u0627\u0648\u060c \u064a\u064a\u060c \u062a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0645\u0646\u063a\u0648\u0644\u060c \u062a\u0628\u062b\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0627\u0648<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/arabic\/world-44026601\" title=\"209|\u0623\u0628\u0631\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646|\u0628\u064a \u0628\u064a \u0633\u064a \u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a|2018\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[209]<\/a><\/sup>. \u062a\u064f\u0645\u0646\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u064f\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0636\u0639 &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645&#8221;\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u064f\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u064f\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/place\/China\/Government-and-society\" title=\"210|\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0629|\u0645\u0648\u0633\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u0631\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u0627|2023\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[210]<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p>\n<p>\u062a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0646 (\u0628\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0646\u063a\u0647\u0648\u0627) \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u064a\u062a\u062d\u062f\u062b\u0647\u0627 \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a 70% \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0648\u062a\u064f\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/china\/\" title=\"211|\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646|\u0648\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0628\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a\u0629|2024\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[211]<\/a><\/sup>. \u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u062a\u064f\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0648\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0643\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0634\u064a\u0627\u0646\u063a\u060c \u0648\u064a\u064f\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0629<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/Chinese-languages\" title=\"212|\u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649|\u0645\u0648\u0633\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u0631\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u0627|2023\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[212]<\/a><\/sup>. \u062a\u064f\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0644\u063a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a: \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u063a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u062a\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u064a\u063a\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0627\u0648\u060c \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0646\u062a\u0645\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0627\u0626\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0644\u063a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nationalgeographic.com\/history\/article\/languages-of-china\" title=\"213|\u0644\u063a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646|\u0646\u0627\u0634\u064a\u0648\u0646\u0627\u0644 \u062c\u064a\u0648\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0643|2020\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[213]<\/a><\/sup>. \u062a\u064f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0647\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0643\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0645\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0633\u0645\u062d \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u0644\u063a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0645\u062e\u0627\u0648\u0641 \u0628\u0634\u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0646<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/arabic\/world-44026601\" title=\"214|\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646|\u0628\u064a \u0628\u064a \u0633\u064a \u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a|2018\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[214]<\/a><\/sup>. \u062a\u064f\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a\u060c \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u064a\u063a\u0648\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0634\u064a\u0646\u062c\u064a\u0627\u0646\u063a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u062a\u064a\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0642\u0636\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u062a\u064f\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0647\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u062a\u0642\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0627\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0636\u0637\u0647\u0627\u062f \u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0648\u062f\u064a\u0646\u064a<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.un.org\/sustainabledevelopment\/blog\/2018\/01\/china-human-rights\/\" title=\"215|\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646|\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629|2018\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[215]<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0629<\/h3>\n<p>\u0634\u0647\u062f\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u0633\u0646\u064b\u0627 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639 \u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629 (HDI) \u0645\u0646 0.404 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 1990 \u0625\u0644\u0649 0.768 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 2021\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u064f\u0635\u0646\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0641\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/hdr.undp.org\/data-center\/specific-country-data?country=CHN\" title=\"216|\u062a\u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646|\u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0626\u064a|2023\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[216]<\/a><\/sup>. \u064a\u064f\u0639\u0632\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0639\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062c\u0647\u0648\u062f \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0641\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0631\u0641\u0639\u062a \u0645\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u062b\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.worldbank.org\/en\/country\/china\/overview#2\" title=\"217|\u0623\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u062a\u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646|\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a|2023\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[217]<\/a><\/sup>. \u062a\u064f\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u064f\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0641\u0639 \u0639\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0629<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/place\/China\/Education\" title=\"218|\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646|\u0645\u0648\u0633\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u0631\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u0627|2023\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[218]<\/a><\/sup>. \u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0632\u0627\u0644 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u062a\u0627\u062a \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0636\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u064f\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.un.org\/sustainabledevelopment\/blog\/2018\/01\/china-regional-disparities\/\" title=\"219|\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u062a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646|\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629|2018\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[219]<\/a><\/sup>. \u062a\u064f\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u062a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0623\u0646\u062d\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/china\/\" title=\"220|\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646|\u0648\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0628\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a\u0629|2024\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[220]<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p>\n<p>\u064a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0623\u0648\u0644\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u0635\u0648\u0649 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u062a\u064f\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0645\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0633\u0639 \u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a (\u0633\u062a \u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b \u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629)<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/place\/China\/Education\" title=\"221|\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646|\u0645\u0648\u0633\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u0631\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u0627|2023\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[221]<\/a><\/sup>. \u062a\u064f\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0644\u063a 97.6% \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 2020\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/china\/\" title=\"222|\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646|\u0648\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0628\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a\u0629|2024\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[222]<\/a><\/sup>. \u062a\u064f\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646 \u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u0643\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u062a\u0633\u064a\u0646\u063a\u0647\u0648\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u064f\u0635\u0646\u0641 \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 50 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.topuniversities.com\/university-rankings\/world-university-rankings\/2024\" title=\"223|\u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629|QS World University Rankings|2023\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[223]<\/a><\/sup>. \u062a\u064f\u0634\u062c\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0627\u0642 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0631 \u0628\u0643\u062b\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631\u060c \u0628\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.worldbank.org\/en\/country\/china\/overview#2\" title=\"224|\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646|\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a|2023\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[224]<\/a><\/sup>. \u062a\u064f\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a\u062d\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0648\u0643\u0627\u0648&#8221; (\u0627\u0645\u062a\u062d\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629)\u060c \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u0648\u062a\u064f\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0628\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/arabic\/world-53303682\" title=\"225|\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0648\u0643\u0627\u0648 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646|\u0628\u064a \u0628\u064a \u0633\u064a \u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a|2020\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[225]<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p>\n<p>\u062a\u064f\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0631\u0639\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0648\u0633\u0639 \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631\u0629\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u064f\u063a\u0637\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0646 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 95% \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.who.int\/countries\/chn\/\" title=\"226|\u062a\u063a\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0639\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646|\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629|2023\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[226]<\/a><\/sup>. \u0628\u0644\u063a \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646 \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a 78.2 \u0633\u0646\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 2022\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0645\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0638 \u0639\u0646 68.2 \u0633\u0646\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 1980<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.worldbank.org\/en\/country\/china\/overview#2\" title=\"227|\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646|\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a|2023\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[227]<\/a><\/sup>. \u062a\u064f\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646 \u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0641\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u064f\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0639\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0629<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/place\/China\/Health-and-welfare\" title=\"228|\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0639\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646\u064a|\u0645\u0648\u0633\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u0631\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u0627|2023\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[228]<\/a><\/sup>. \u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0632\u0627\u0644 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0639\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u062a\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0636\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u062a\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062c \u0644\u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u0645\u0646\u0629<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.aljazeera.net\/politics\/2020\/2\/1\/%D9%86%D8%B8%D8%A7%D9%85-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B1%D8%B9%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B5%D8%AD%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D9%81%D9%8A-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B5%D9%8A%D9%86-%D9%85%D8%B6%D8%AE%D9%85-%D9%88%D9%85%D9%86%D9%87%D9%83\" title=\"229|\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0639\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646|\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0646\u062a|2020\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[229]<\/a><\/sup>. \u062a\u064f\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0639\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0639\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.who.int\/countries\/chn\/\" title=\"230|\u0625\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0639\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646|\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629|2023\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[230]<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p>\n<h2>\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u064a\u0629<\/h2>\n<p>\u062a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0648\u0623\u063a\u0646\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u0639\u0648\u062f \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0622\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0623\u062b\u0631\u062a \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0639\u0645\u064a\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0622\u0633\u064a\u0627 \u0628\u0623\u0643\u0645\u0644\u0647<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nationalgeographic.com\/history\/article\/chinese-culture\" title=\"231|\u0639\u0645\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629|\u0646\u0627\u0634\u064a\u0648\u0646\u0627\u0644 \u062c\u064a\u0648\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0643|2022\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[231]<\/a><\/sup>. \u062a\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0647\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/place\/China\/Cultural-life\" title=\"232|\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629|\u0645\u0648\u0633\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u0631\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u0627|2023\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[232]<\/a><\/sup>. \u062a\u064f\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0641\u0648\u0634\u064a\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0630\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0634\u0643\u0644\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0642\u0631\u0648\u0646<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.aljazeera.net\/encyclopedia\/2018\/8\/12\/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AB%D9%82%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B5%D9%8A%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A9\" title=\"233|\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629|\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0646\u062a|2018\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[233]<\/a><\/sup>. \u062a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0648\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062f\u0649 3,500 \u0639\u0627\u0645<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/china\/\" title=\"234|\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629|\u0648\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0628\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a\u0629|2024\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[234]<\/a><\/sup>. \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u060c \u062a\u0633\u0639\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0631\u0627\u062b\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0646\u064a \u0645\u0639 \u062a\u0628\u0646\u064a \u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0645\u0629&#8221; \u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0631\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/arabic\/world-44026601\" title=\"235|\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0645\u0629|\u0628\u064a \u0628\u064a \u0633\u064a \u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a|2018\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[235]<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0629<\/h3>\n<p>\u062a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0641\u0648\u0634\u064a\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0643\u0627\u0626\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0634\u0643\u0644\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0622\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u064a\u0646<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/Chinese-philosophy\" title=\"236|\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0629|\u0645\u0648\u0633\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u0631\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u0627|2023\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[236]<\/a><\/sup>. \u0623\u0633\u0633 \u0643\u0648\u0646\u0641\u0648\u0634\u064a\u0648\u0633 (551-479 \u0642.\u0645.) \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0641\u0648\u0634\u064a\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u064f\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642\u060c \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0645 \u0643\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0637\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0627\u063a\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nationalgeographic.com\/history\/article\/confucianism\" title=\"237|\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0643\u0648\u0646\u0641\u0648\u0634\u064a\u0648\u0633|\u0646\u0627\u0634\u064a\u0648\u0646\u0627\u0644 \u062c\u064a\u0648\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0643|2021\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[237]<\/a><\/sup>. \u062a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0643\u0648\u0646\u0641\u0648\u0634\u064a\u0648\u0633 \u062c\u0632\u0621\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u062c\u0632\u0623 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0648\u062a\u064f\u062f\u0631\u0633 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0633 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u062a\u064f\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.aljazeera.net\/encyclopedia\/2018\/8\/12\/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D9%88%D9%86%D9%81%D9%88%D8%B4%D9%8A%D9%88%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%A9\" title=\"238|\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0641\u0648\u0634\u064a\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646|\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0646\u062a|2018\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[238]<\/a><\/sup>. \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u060c \u062a\u064f\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u064f\u0646\u0633\u0628 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0644\u0627\u0648 \u062a\u0633\u064a (\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062f\u0633 \u0642.\u0645.)\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0634 \u0641\u064a \u0648\u0626\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0633\u0627\u0637\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646 (\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0646\u063a)\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u064a \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0648\u062f<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/Daoism\" title=\"239|\u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0626 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629|\u0645\u0648\u0633\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u0631\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u0627|2023\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[239]<\/a><\/sup>. \u062a\u064f\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u064a \u062a\u0634\u064a<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nationalgeographic.com\/history\/article\/taoism\" \/p target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0622\u0633\u064a\u0627<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":293,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[45,47],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-294","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-45","category-47"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/cosmalore.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/294","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/cosmalore.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/cosmalore.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cosmalore.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cosmalore.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=294"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/cosmalore.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/294\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cosmalore.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/293"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/cosmalore.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=294"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cosmalore.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=294"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cosmalore.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=294"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}