{"id":2911,"date":"2026-06-14T13:32:22","date_gmt":"2026-06-14T10:02:22","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/cosmalore.com\/ar\/?p=2911"},"modified":"2026-06-15T13:35:24","modified_gmt":"2026-06-15T10:05:24","slug":"%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a5%d9%85%d8%a8%d8%b1%d8%a7%d8%b7%d9%88%d8%b1%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%81%d8%b1%d9%86%d8%b3%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%86%d8%a7%d8%a8%d9%84%d9%8a%d9%88%d9%86%d9%8a%d8%a9","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/cosmalore.com\/ar\/wiki\/%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a5%d9%85%d8%a8%d8%b1%d8%a7%d8%b7%d9%88%d8%b1%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%81%d8%b1%d9%86%d8%b3%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%86%d8%a7%d8%a8%d9%84%d9%8a%d9%88%d9%86%d9%8a%d8%a9\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0637\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629"},"content":{"rendered":"<article>\n<p>\n\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0637\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629\u064f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0629\u064f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 (\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0629: <em>Empire Fran\u00e7ais<\/em>)\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0648\u0641\u0629\u064f \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0637\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649\u060c \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629\u064b \u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0629\u064b \u0639\u064f\u0638\u0645\u0649 \u062d\u0643\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0646\u0627\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 (\u0646\u0627\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0648\u0646\u0627\u0628\u0631\u062a) \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u062a\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u064e\u064a 1804 \u06481814\u060c \u062b\u0645 \u0628\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629\u064d \u0648\u062c\u064a\u0632\u0629\u064d \u0644\u0623\u0634\u0647\u0631\u064d \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0648\u062f\u0629\u064d \u0639\u0627\u0645 1815 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0627 \u0639\u064f\u0631\u0641 \u0628\u0640&#8221;\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0626\u0629 \u064a\u0648\u0645&#8221;. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0646\u0634\u0623\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0637\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0631\u062d\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0629 (1789-1799) \u0648\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0639\u0642\u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0646\u0635\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0644\u062a\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0636\u062e\u0645 \u0643\u064a\u0627\u0646\u064d \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u064d\u0651 \u0648\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a\u064d\u0651 \u0634\u0647\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0633\u0642\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0637\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u062a \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0637\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0627\u064b \u062c\u0648\u0647\u0631\u064a\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0625\u0630 \u0623\u0633\u0651\u0633\u062a \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b \u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c\u064d \u062f\u0648\u0644\u062a\u064a\u064d\u0651 \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a\u064d\u0651 \u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u064d\u0651 \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0626 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0648\u0627\u0629 \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0628\u062f\u064a\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0631\u0648\u062b\u0629.<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Napoleon-I\" title=\"1|Napoleon I Biography|Encyclopaedia Britannica|2026\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[1]<\/a><\/sup>\n<\/p>\n<p>\n\u0628\u0644\u063a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0637\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0630\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1812\u060c \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0645\u062a\u062f\u062a \u0631\u0642\u0639\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0629\u064d \u062a\u0628\u0644\u063a \u0646\u062d\u0648 2,100,000 \u0643\u064a\u0644\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631 \u0645\u0631\u0628\u0639\u060c \u0648\u0636\u0645\u0651\u062a \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629\u064b \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0633\u064a\u0627\u062f\u062a\u0647\u0627 130 \u0642\u0633\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0627\u064b (\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0629)\u060c \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0636\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u0645\u0651\u0629 \u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639\u0629\u064b \u0648\u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0646\u0633\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0644\u063a \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0636\u0639 \u0644\u0646\u0641\u0648\u0630\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0633\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0646\u0633\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0627 \u0642\u0627\u0637\u0628\u0629\u064b.<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/First_French_Empire\" title=\"2|First French Empire|Wikipedia|2026\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[2]<\/a><\/sup> \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u062c\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0637\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c\u0627\u064b \u062b\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0625\u0630 \u0646\u0634\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1804 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0631\u0628\u0648\u0639 \u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0633\u0651\u0633\u062a \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0647\u064a\u0645\u0646\u0629\u064d \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0642\u0636\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0632\u0627\u0644 \u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0627\u062b\u0644\u0629\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645.\n<\/p>\n<p>\n\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0646\u0627\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0648\u0646\u0627\u0628\u0631\u062a (1769-1821) \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u0648\u062c\u062f\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0637\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0628\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0629\u064b \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0629\u061b \u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0645\u0633\u064a\u0631\u062a\u0647 \u0636\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u062c\u064a\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062b\u0645 \u0627\u0646\u0642\u0644\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0645\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0631\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0631) \u0628\u0627\u0646\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0634\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u0631\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1799\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0633\u0651\u0633 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0646\u0635\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0642\u0644\u0651\u062f \u0645\u0646\u0635\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0646\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u060c \u062b\u0645 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0646 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647 \u0625\u0645\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0637\u0648\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u062f\u064a\u0633\u0645\u0628\u0631 1804 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0641\u0644\u064d \u062a\u062a\u0648\u064a\u062c\u064d \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u064d\u0651 \u062c\u0631\u0649 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0627\u062a\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0646\u0648\u062a\u0631\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0628\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0633. \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a\u064d \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644\u0629 &#8211; \u0639\u064f\u0631\u0641\u062a \u0628\u0640&#8221;\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629&#8221; &#8211; \u0623\u0633\u0651\u0633 \u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629\u064d \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0631\u0648\u0634\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0626\u0644\u062a\u0647 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0634\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0647\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u0645\u0646\u062d \u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u0627 \u0647\u064a\u0645\u0646\u0629\u064b \u0634\u0628\u0647 \u062a\u0627\u0645\u0629\u064d \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0629.<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Napoleon-I\" title=\"3|Napoleon I Emperor of France|Encyclopaedia Britannica|2026\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[3]<\/a><\/sup>\n<\/p>\n<p>\n\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0637\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u0645\u0644\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0637\u064a\u0651\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0630\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0646\u0647\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627\u061b \u0641\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0623\u0641\u0642\u062f \u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u0627 \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u0621\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0631\u062b\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0631\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0627 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1812 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u0628\u0627\u062f\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 (Grande Arm\u00e9e)\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0648\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0645\u064a \u0644\u0634\u0639\u0648\u0628 \u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0643\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u062a\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0631\u062a \u0644\u062a\u0623\u0643\u0644 \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0637\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u060c \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0648\u062c\u062f \u0646\u0627\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1814 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0635\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062f\u0633\u060c \u0645\u0636\u0637\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0632\u0644 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0634 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0628\u0627. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0639\u0627\u062f \u0628\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629\u064d \u062e\u0627\u0637\u0641\u0629\u064d \u0639\u0627\u0645 1815 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0627 \u0633\u064f\u0645\u0651\u064a \u0628\u0640&#8221;\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0626\u0629 \u064a\u0648\u0645&#8221;\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0632\u064a\u0645\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0642\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062a\u0631\u0644\u0648 (18 \u064a\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0648 1815) \u0623\u0633\u062f\u0644\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u0646\u0647\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0637\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0644\u064a\u064f\u0646\u0641\u0649 \u0628\u0639\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0633\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0647\u064a\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u064a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0644\u0633\u064a \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0644\u0641\u0638 \u0623\u0646\u0641\u0627\u0633\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0645\u0633 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0627\u064a\u0648 1821.<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/library.brown.edu\/cds\/paris\/chronology2.html\" title=\"4|The First Empire 1804-1815|Brown University Library|2024\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[4]<\/a><\/sup>\n<\/p>\n<p>\n\u062a\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0651\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0637\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0647\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a \u0644\u0645\u0627 \u062e\u0644\u0651\u0641\u062a\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0625\u0631\u062b\u064d \u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u064d\u0651 \u0648\u062d\u0636\u0627\u0631\u064a\u064d\u0651 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062b\u0631: \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0632\u0627\u0644 \u064a\u064f\u0637\u0628\u064e\u0651\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0643\u0627 \u0648\u0644\u0648\u0643\u0633\u0645\u0628\u0631\u063a \u0648\u0645\u0648\u0646\u0627\u0643\u0648 \u0648\u0643\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0643 \u0648\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062d\u062f\u062b\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0647\u062f \u0646\u0627\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0627 \u0632\u0627\u0644\u062a \u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632\u0629\u064b \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0636\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0626 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0646\u0634\u0631\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u062c\u064a\u0648\u0634\u0647 \u0645\u0647\u0651\u062f\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0631\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0645\u064a \u0648\u062a\u0648\u062d\u064a\u062f \u0625\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0623\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0633\u0639 \u0639\u0634\u0631.\n<\/p>\n<p><!-- ====== \u0627\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u06cc (\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0641\u0648\u0628\u0627\u0643\u0633) ====== --><\/p>\n<div class=\"infobox\">\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr class=\"ib-sec\">\n<td colspan=\"2\">\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0637\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"ib-row\">\n<td class=\"ib-label\">\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<td class=\"ib-val\">\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0637\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0629 (<em>Empire Fran\u00e7ais<\/em>)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"ib-row\">\n<td class=\"ib-label\">\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0622\u062e\u0631<\/td>\n<td class=\"ib-val\">\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0637\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"ib-row\">\n<td class=\"ib-label\">\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0645\u0629<\/td>\n<td class=\"ib-val\">\u0628\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0633<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"ib-row\">\n<td class=\"ib-label\">\u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<td class=\"ib-val\">\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"ib-sec\">\n<td colspan=\"2\">\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0633\u064a\u0633 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0632\u0648\u0627\u0644<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"ib-row\">\n<td class=\"ib-label\">\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0633\u064a\u0633<\/td>\n<td class=\"ib-val\">18 \u0645\u0627\u064a\u0648 1804 (\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0637\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"ib-row\">\n<td class=\"ib-label\">\u062a\u062a\u0648\u064a\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0637\u0648\u0631<\/td>\n<td class=\"ib-val\">2 \u062f\u064a\u0633\u0645\u0628\u0631 1804 \u2014 \u0643\u0627\u062a\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0646\u0648\u062a\u0631\u062f\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0633<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"ib-row\">\n<td class=\"ib-label\">\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0632\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0634<\/td>\n<td class=\"ib-val\">11 \u0623\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0644 1814 \u2014 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0647\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u0648\u0646\u062a\u064a\u0646\u0628\u0644\u0648<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"ib-row\">\n<td class=\"ib-label\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0626\u0629 \u064a\u0648\u0645<\/td>\n<td class=\"ib-val\">20 \u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633 \u2014 7 \u064a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0648 1815<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"ib-row\">\n<td class=\"ib-label\">\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0647\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0626\u064a<\/td>\n<td class=\"ib-val\">22 \u064a\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0648 1815 (\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0648\u0627\u062a\u0631\u0644\u0648)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"ib-sec\">\n<td colspan=\"2\">\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0637\u0648\u0631<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"ib-row\">\n<td class=\"ib-label\">\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644<\/td>\n<td class=\"ib-val\">\u0646\u0627\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0648\u0646\u0627\u0628\u0631\u062a (\u0646\u0627\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"ib-row\">\n<td class=\"ib-label\">\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062f<\/td>\n<td class=\"ib-val\">15 \u0623\u063a\u0633\u0637\u0633 1769 \u2014 \u0623\u062c\u0627\u0643\u0633\u064a\u0648\u060c \u0643\u0648\u0631\u0633\u064a\u0643\u0627<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"ib-row\">\n<td class=\"ib-label\">\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0641\u0627\u0629<\/td>\n<td class=\"ib-val\">5 \u0645\u0627\u064a\u0648 1821 \u2014 \u062c\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0633\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0647\u064a\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"ib-row\">\n<td class=\"ib-label\">\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0637\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649<\/td>\n<td class=\"ib-val\">\u062c\u0648\u0632\u0641\u064a\u0646 \u062f\u064a \u0628\u0648\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0646\u064a\u0647 (1804\u20131809)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"ib-row\">\n<td class=\"ib-label\">\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0637\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<td class=\"ib-val\">\u0645\u0627\u0631\u064a-\u0644\u0648\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 (1810\u20131821)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"ib-sec\">\n<td colspan=\"2\">\u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"ib-row\">\n<td class=\"ib-label\">\u0623\u0642\u0635\u0649 \u0627\u0645\u062a\u062f\u0627\u062f \u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a<\/td>\n<td class=\"ib-val\">2,100,000 \u0643\u0645\u00b2 (\u0639\u0627\u0645 1812) <sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/First_French_Empire\" title=\"5|First French Empire Geography|Wikipedia|2026\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[5]<\/a><\/sup><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"ib-row\">\n<td class=\"ib-label\">\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<td class=\"ib-val\">130 \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0629 (\u0642\u0633\u0645)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"ib-row\">\n<td class=\"ib-label\">\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u0645\u0651\u0629 (1812)<\/td>\n<td class=\"ib-val\">44 \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0646\u0633\u0645\u0629 <sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/worldhistoryedu.com\/history-of-the-first-french-empire\/\" title=\"6|History of the First French Empire|World History Edu|2025\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[6]<\/a><\/sup><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"ib-row\">\n<td class=\"ib-label\">\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0648\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<td class=\"ib-val\">\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 90 \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0646\u0633\u0645\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"ib-sec\">\n<td colspan=\"2\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0645\u0648\u0632<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"ib-row\">\n<td class=\"ib-label\">\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645<\/td>\n<td class=\"ib-val\">\u0645\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0637\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"ib-row\">\n<td class=\"ib-label\">\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a<\/td>\n<td class=\"ib-val\">\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646\u064a (21 \u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633 1804)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"ib-row\">\n<td class=\"ib-label\">\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0629<\/td>\n<td class=\"ib-val\">\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"ib-row\">\n<td class=\"ib-label\">\u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0634<\/td>\n<td class=\"ib-val\">\u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 (Grande Arm\u00e9e)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"ib-row\">\n<td class=\"ib-label\">\u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<td class=\"ib-val\">\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u062b\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 (\u0648\u0641\u0642 \u0643\u0648\u0646\u0643\u0648\u0631\u062f\u0627\u062a 1801)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"ib-row\">\n<td class=\"ib-label\">\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0627\u0631<\/td>\n<td class=\"ib-val\">\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0637\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0647\u0628\u064a<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"ib-row\">\n<td class=\"ib-label\">\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a<\/td>\n<td class=\"ib-val\"><em>Veillons au salut de l&#8217;Empire<\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"ib-sec\">\n<td colspan=\"2\">\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0648\u0646<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"ib-row\">\n<td class=\"ib-label\">\u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642<\/td>\n<td class=\"ib-val\">\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0646\u0635\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0629 (1799\u20131804)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"ib-row\">\n<td class=\"ib-label\">\u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0642<\/td>\n<td class=\"ib-val\">\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 (1814\u20131830)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<div class=\"ib-foot\">COSMALORE \u00b7 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0633\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p><!-- ====== \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 ====== --><\/p>\n<h2 id=\"koz-h-0\">\u0661. \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a: \u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0627 \u0639\u0634\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0637\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629<\/h2>\n<p>\n\u0644\u0643\u064a \u062a\u064f\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0637\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u0647\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0645\u064a\u0642\u0627\u064b \u0648\u0645\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u0628\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0623\u0641\u0631\u0632\u0647\u0627\u061b \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0623\u0646 \u0638\u0647\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0643\u0646 \u062d\u062f\u062b\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0639\u0632\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0623\u0648 \u0648\u0644\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0641\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629\u064b \u062d\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0645\u0627\u062a\u064d \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629\u064d \u0648\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629\u064d \u0648\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629\u064d \u0639\u0645\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0630\u0648\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a. \u0641\u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0645\u0646\u062a\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0634\u0631\u060c \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u064a\u0634 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0630\u0628 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0631\u0648\u062b\u0629 \u0648\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u0634\u0639\u0644\u062a \u0639\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0642\u0641\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0623\u0631\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0645\u0629. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0648\u0635\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062a\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0630\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0627\u064b\u060c \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u062a\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0645\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0643\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u064d \u0641\u0643\u0631\u064a\u064d\u0651 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0627 \u0648\u0623\u0634\u062f\u0651 \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629\u064d \u0636\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0628\u064a\u0629\u064d \u0648\u0641\u0633\u0627\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0643 \u0643\u0627\u0647\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0642\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0649 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u062f\u064d\u0651 \u0633\u0648\u0627\u0621.\n<\/p>\n<p>\n\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0644\u0639\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1789 \u0644\u062a\u064f\u0633\u0642\u0637 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0646 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0626 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0648\u0627\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062e\u0627\u0621\u060c \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0633\u0631\u0639\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0627 \u062f\u062e\u0644\u062a \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0629\u064d \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u060c \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u0642\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0631\u0647\u0627\u0628 (1793-1794) \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0631\u0627\u062d \u0636\u062d\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0622\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a\u064a\u0646. \u062b\u0645 \u062c\u0627\u0621 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0631\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0631 (\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0645\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629) \u0644\u064a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0646 1795 \u06481799\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0641\u0627\u0642\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u062a\u062e\u0628\u0637\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a\u0647\u060c \u0639\u0627\u062c\u0632\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0646 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0625\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0647\u0627\u0644\u0643. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0645\u062b\u0651\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0627\u063a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0648\u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0634\u0627\u0634\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0629\u064e \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0649 \u0644\u0635\u0639\u0648\u062f \u0631\u062c\u0644\u064d \u0645\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u0627\u0632 \u0646\u0627\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0648\u0646\u0627\u0628\u0631\u062a.<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Napoleon-I\" title=\"7|Napoleon I Rise to Power|Encyclopaedia Britannica|2026\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[7]<\/a><\/sup>\n<\/p>\n<p>\n\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0639\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a\u060c \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u0649 \u2014 \u0628\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0633\u0627 \u0648\u0631\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0628\u0631\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0627 \u2014 \u062a\u0634\u0627\u0647\u062f \u0628\u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0644\u0642 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b \u0641\u064a \u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u0627\u060c \u062e\u0634\u064a\u0629\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u062f\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0634\u0639\u0648\u0628\u0647\u0627. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0634\u0643\u0651\u0644\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0636\u062f \u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1792\u060c \u0648\u0646\u0634\u0623\u062a \u0628\u0639\u062f\u0647 \u062a\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u062a\u064c \u0645\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0641 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0633\u0642\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0637\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0648\u0647\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0635\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0627\u064b \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645\u064e\u064a \u062d\u0643\u0645\u064d \u0645\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0636\u064e\u064a\u0646: \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0645\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062b\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0648\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0626\u064e \u062d\u0627\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639.\n<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"koz-h-1\">\u0662. \u0646\u0627\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0648\u0646\u0627\u0628\u0631\u062a: \u0645\u0646 \u0643\u0648\u0631\u0633\u064a\u0643\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0631\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0637\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629<\/h2>\n<p>\n\u0648\u064f\u0644\u062f \u0646\u0627\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0648\u0646\u0627\u0628\u0631\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0645\u0633 \u0639\u0634\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u063a\u0633\u0637\u0633 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1769 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0623\u062c\u0627\u0643\u0633\u064a\u0648 \u0628\u062c\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0643\u0648\u0631\u0633\u064a\u0643\u0627\u060c \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0623\u0634\u0647\u0631\u064d \u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644\u0629\u064d \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0629<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Napoleon-I\" title=\"8|Napoleon I Early Life|Encyclopaedia Britannica|2026\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[8]<\/a><\/sup>. \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0647 \u0643\u0627\u0631\u0644\u0648 \u0628\u0648\u0646\u0627\u0628\u0631\u062a \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0628\u0631\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062c\u0647\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f \u062d\u0631\u0635 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0623\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0626\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064d \u0631\u0641\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0628\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0635\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0629. \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642 \u0646\u0627\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0628\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1779\u060c \u062b\u0645 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u062e\u0631\u0651\u062c \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0645\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0628\u0631 1785 \u0628\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u0632\u0645 \u062b\u0627\u0646\u064d \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0644\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0641\u0639\u064a\u0629.<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.napoleon.org\/en\/young-historians\/napodoc\/timeline-consulate1st-french-empire\/\" title=\"9|Napoleon Timeline|Napoleon.org|2018\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[9]<\/a><\/sup>\n<\/p>\n<p>\n\u0623\u062a\u0627\u062d\u062a \u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u0631\u0635\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0643\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u0627\u062d\u0629\u064b \u0644\u0636\u0627\u0628\u0637\u064d \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0635\u0648\u0644\u064d \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0636\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645\u061b \u0625\u0630 \u0641\u064f\u062a\u062d\u062a \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u0623\u0628\u0648\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0642\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u062c\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628. \u0628\u0631\u0632 \u0627\u0633\u0645\u0647 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0639\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 1793 \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0646\u062c\u062d \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0637\u0648\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629-\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0645\u0631\u0647 \u0641\u062d\u0633\u0628\u060c \u0641\u0645\u064f\u0646\u062d \u0631\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u062c\u0646\u0631\u0627\u0644\u064d \u0644\u0648\u0627\u0621\u064d \u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0632. \u062b\u0645 \u062a\u0648\u0637\u0651\u062f\u062a \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u062a\u0647 \u062d\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627 (1796-1797) \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u0628\u0647\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u061b \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0623\u0641\u0644\u062d \u0628\u062c\u064a\u0634\u064d \u0645\u0631\u0647\u0642\u064d \u0648\u0634\u0628\u0647 \u062c\u0627\u0626\u0639\u064d \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0644\u0641 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u062a\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0629\u064d \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0648\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0639\u062f\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0648\u062a\u062c\u0647\u064a\u0632\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0644\u0651 \u0628\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0625\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0636\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0633\u0627 \u0648\u0623\u0645\u0644\u0649 \u0634\u0631\u0648\u0637 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0647\u062f\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0645\u0628\u0648 \u0641\u0648\u0631\u0645\u064a\u0648 (\u0623\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0628\u0631 1797) \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u0639\u0637\u062a \u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u0627 \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u0629\u064b \u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629\u064b \u0631\u0641\u064a\u0639\u0629.<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Timeline_of_the_Napoleonic_era\" title=\"10|Timeline of the Napoleonic Era|Wikipedia|2026\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[10]<\/a><\/sup>\n<\/p>\n<p>\n\u0627\u0646\u0637\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u0639\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0635\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0645 (1798-1799) \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u0631\u0633\u064a\u062a \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0637\u0645\u0648\u062d\u0627\u062a\u064d \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642\u061b \u0641\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u2014 \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u0633\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0631\u0627\u0645 \u2014 \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u062f\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0637\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0623\u0628\u064a \u0642\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0644 \u0646\u064a\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a \u062d\u0628\u0633\u0647 \u0648\u062c\u064a\u0634\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0635\u0631 \u0648\u0623\u0641\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0632\u062e\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a. \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u062c\u0632\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u0631\u0627\u0641\u0642\u0648\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b \u0623\u064f\u0633\u0651\u0633\u062a \u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0648\u062b\u0651\u0642\u062a \u0623\u0639\u0645\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0636\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b. \u0648\u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u062f \u0646\u0627\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0628\u0631 1799\u060c \u0648\u062c\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0631\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0636\u0639\u0641 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0647\u060c \u0641\u0646\u0641\u0651\u0630 \u0627\u0646\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0634\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u0631\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0631 (9 \u0646\u0648\u0641\u0645\u0628\u0631 1799) \u0628\u0633\u0647\u0648\u0644\u0629\u064d \u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0633\u0651\u0633 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0646\u0635\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0639\u064a\u0651\u0646 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647 \u0642\u0646\u0635\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0628\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0627\u062a\u064d \u0634\u0628\u0647 \u0645\u0637\u0644\u0642\u0629.<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Napoleon-I\" title=\"11|Napoleon Bonaparte Coup of 18 Brumaire|Encyclopaedia Britannica|2026\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[11]<\/a><\/sup>\n<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"koz-h-2\">\u0663. \u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0637\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062a\u0648\u064a\u062c<\/h2>\n<p>\n\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u064e\u064a 1799 \u06481804\u060c \u0634\u063a\u0644 \u0646\u0627\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0635\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0646\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0648\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u0627 \u0628\u0642\u0628\u0636\u0629\u064d \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f\u064d \u0645\u063a\u0644\u0641\u0629\u064d \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u061b \u0641\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0636\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0624\u0642\u062a\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0647\u062f\u0629 \u0623\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0646 (1802)\u060c \u0648\u0637\u0631\u062d \u0625\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0627\u062a\u064d \u062c\u0648\u0647\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0639\u0627\u062f\u062a \u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0641 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0621. \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0645\u0627\u064a\u0648 1802\u060c \u0646\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0628 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u062a\u0627\u0621\u064d \u0634\u0639\u0628\u064a\u064d\u0651 \u0644\u0642\u0628 &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0646\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629&#8221;\u060c \u062b\u0645 \u062e\u0637\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0642\u0629: \u0641\u064a 18 \u0645\u0627\u064a\u0648 1804\u060c \u0635\u0627\u062f\u0642 \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u0648\u062e \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639 \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0637\u0648\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0644\u064a\u064f\u0639\u0644\u064e\u0646 \u0646\u0627\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0625\u0645\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0637\u0648\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u0627.<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.napoleon.org\/en\/young-historians\/napodoc\/timeline-consulate1st-french-empire\/\" title=\"12|Declaration of the Empire|Napoleon.org|2018\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[12]<\/a><\/sup>\n<\/p>\n<p>\n\u062c\u0627\u0621 \u062d\u0641\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062a\u0648\u064a\u062c \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u062f\u064a\u0633\u0645\u0628\u0631 1804 \u062d\u062f\u062b\u0627\u064b \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0623\u0642\u0631\u0628 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0637\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0647 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u061b \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0639\u0649 \u0646\u0627\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0628\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0631\u0648\u0645\u0627 \u0644\u064a\u062d\u0636\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062a\u0648\u064a\u062c \u2014 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u064d\u0651 \u0631\u0645\u0632\u064a\u064d\u0651 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0633\u0628\u0642 \u0644\u0647 \u0645\u062b\u064a\u0644 \u2014 \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062d\u0638\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062d\u0633\u0628\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u064f\u0631\u0648\u0649\u060c \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0632\u0639 \u0646\u0627\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u062c\u064e \u0645\u0646 \u064a\u062f\u064e\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0628\u0627 \u0648\u0648\u0636\u0639\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0631\u0623\u0633\u0647 \u0628\u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u060c \u062b\u0645 \u062a\u0648\u0651\u062c \u0632\u0648\u062c\u062a\u0647 \u062c\u0648\u0632\u0641\u064a\u0646 \u0625\u0645\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0637\u0648\u0631\u0629\u064b \u0644\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a\u064a\u0646. \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0647\u062f \u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0629\u064b \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u062e\u0637\u0626\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0648\u0646: \u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0634\u0631\u0639\u064a\u062a\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0646\u064a\u0633\u0629 \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062b\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0625\u0631\u0627\u062f\u062a\u0647 \u0648\u0639\u0628\u0642\u0631\u064a\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u062e\u0644\u0651\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u062c\u0627\u0643-\u0644\u0648\u064a\u0633 \u062f\u0627\u0641\u064a\u062f \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0647\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0644\u0648\u062d\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0647\u064a\u0631\u0629 &#8220;\u062a\u062a\u0648\u064a\u062c \u0646\u0627\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646&#8221; \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0628\u0627\u062a\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u064a\u0642\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a.\n<\/p>\n<p>\n\u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0637\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u0637\u064a\u0639\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0642\u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629\u064b \u0644\u062a\u0623\u0633\u064a\u0633\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0647\u064a\u0626\u0629\u064d \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0631\u0633\u0648\u062e\u0627\u064b \u0648\u0627\u0646\u0636\u0628\u0627\u0637\u0627\u064b. \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0641\u0638\u062a \u0628\u0623\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0646\u062c\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u2014 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0648\u0627\u0629 \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0625\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639\u060c \u0648\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u2014 \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0633\u0642\u0637\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0626 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062d\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636. \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0646\u0627\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u064a\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0623\u0637\u064a\u0631 \u062d\u0643\u0645\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631\u064d \u064a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0651\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0639\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a \u064a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u064a\u062f\u064d \u0631\u0627\u0633\u062e\u0629\u064d \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629\u064d \u0641\u0648\u0636\u0648\u064a\u0629.\n<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"koz-h-3\">\u0664. \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0637\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629<\/h2>\n<p>\n\u0623\u0646\u0634\u0623\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0637\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u062d\u0643\u0645\u064d \u0645\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u0642\u0629\u064b \u0648\u0648\u0636\u0648\u062d\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b. \u0641\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0644 \u0646\u0627\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0635\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0628\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0627\u062a\u064d \u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629\u064d \u0648\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630\u064a\u0629\u064d \u0648\u0642\u0636\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u063a\u0627\u064a\u0629\u061b \u0648\u0625\u0646 \u0623\u062d\u0627\u0637 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647 \u0628\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629\u064d \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u0648\u062e (\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a\u0648\u0633) \u0648\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0639\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0651\u0629\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a\u064d \u0644\u0625\u0636\u0641\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064d \u064a\u062a\u062e\u0630\u0647\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0633\u0628\u0642\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u0647\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a\u064d \u0631\u0642\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629\u064d \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0629.<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.encyclopedia.com\/history\/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps\/napoleonic-empire\" title=\"13|Napoleonic Empire Administration|Encyclopedia.com|2024\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[13]<\/a><\/sup>\n<\/p>\n<p>\n\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0639\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0643\u0631\u0651\u0633 \u0646\u0627\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0633\u0627\u0645 (\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0631 \/ \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0628\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a) \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0623\u0631\u0633\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629\u060c \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0623\u0639\u0627\u062f \u062a\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u0647 \u0628\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629\u064d \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a\u0629\u064b \u0648\u0635\u0631\u0627\u0645\u0629. \u0641\u0642\u064f\u0633\u0651\u0645\u062a \u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u0627 \u062b\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u0645\u0651\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0644\u063a 130 \u0642\u0633\u0645\u0627\u064b\u060c \u064a\u0631\u0623\u0633 \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u064d (\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0647) \u064a\u064f\u0639\u064a\u064e\u0651\u0646 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u0648\u064a\u064f\u0639\u062f\u0651 \u0630\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0627\u064b \u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630\u064a\u0629\u064b \u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u064a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0645\u062f\u0639\u0648\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0626\u0628\u064d \u0625\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u064d\u0651 (\u0633\u0648\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0647) \u0648\u0631\u0624\u0633\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a. \u0623\u062a\u0627\u062d \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0631\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0637\u0639 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629\u064d \u0648\u0627\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0642\u064d \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u064e\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0623\u0635\u0642\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0637\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0633\u0639\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0628\u0642\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632\u0629\u064b \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629\u064b \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645.<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.scribd.com\/document\/852960378\/Napolean\" title=\"14|Napoleon&#039;s Administrative Reforms|Scribd - History Assignment|2024\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[14]<\/a><\/sup>\n<\/p>\n<p>\n\u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 (<em>Conseil d&#8217;\u00c9tat<\/em>) \u0641\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0639\u064a-\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0637\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629\u061b \u064a\u0636\u0645 \u0643\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0631\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0648\u064a\u062a\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0635\u064a\u0627\u063a\u0629 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0626\u062d. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0646\u0627\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647 \u064a\u0631\u0623\u0633 \u062c\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0638\u0627\u0645\u064d \u0634\u0628\u0647 \u064a\u0648\u0645\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u0643\u0645\u0647\u060c \u064a\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0634 \u0648\u064a\u062c\u0627\u062f\u0644 \u0648\u064a\u0648\u062c\u0651\u0647 \u0628\u062d\u0645\u0627\u0633\u064d \u064a\u064f\u0646\u0628\u0626 \u0639\u0646 \u0630\u0643\u0627\u0621\u064d \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u064d\u0651 \u062d\u0627\u062f. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0623\u0646\u062a\u062c\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629\u064b \u0645\u0646\u0642\u0637\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0651\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0628\u0631\u0632\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0647\u064a\u0631.\n<\/p>\n<p>\n\u0634\u0645\u0644\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0637\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b \u0641\u0626\u0627\u062a\u064d \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629: \u0623\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u0645\u0651\u0629 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629\u064b \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0628\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0643\u0627 \u0648\u0647\u0648\u0644\u0646\u062f\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0637\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0636\u0641\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0623\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u0625\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627. \u0648\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0631\u0648\u0634\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0634\u0642\u0627\u0621\u0647 \u0648\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0651\u0628\u064a\u0647: \u0641\u0623\u062e\u0648\u0647 \u062c\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0631\u0634\u064e\u064a \u0646\u0627\u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a \u062b\u0645 \u0625\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0623\u062e\u0648\u0647 \u0644\u0648\u064a\u0633 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0631\u0634 \u0647\u0648\u0644\u0646\u062f\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0623\u062e\u0648\u0647 \u062c\u064a\u0631\u0648\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0631\u0634 \u0648\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0635\u0647\u0631\u0647 \u0645\u0648\u0631\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0631\u0634 \u0646\u0627\u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0628\u0639\u062f \u062c\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0641\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0634\u0642\u064a\u0642\u062a\u0647 \u0623\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0646 \u062f\u064a \u0628\u0648\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0646\u064a\u0647 \u0646\u0627\u0626\u0628\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0625\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627. \u0648\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0642\u0633\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0643\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0633\u0627 \u0648\u0628\u0631\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0647\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0646\u0641\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u0649 \u0644\u0648\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0648.<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/worldhistoryedu.com\/history-of-the-first-french-empire\/\" title=\"15|Napoleon&#039;s Satellite Kingdoms|World History Edu|2025\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[15]<\/a><\/sup>\n<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"koz-h-4\">\u0665. \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646\u064a: \u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629\u064c \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629\u064c \u062e\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0629<\/h2>\n<p>\n\u064a\u064f\u0639\u062f\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646\u064a (Code Civil des Fran\u00e7ais)\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633 1804\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062c\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0631\u0629. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0645\u0646\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0644 \u0628\u0633\u064a\u0637\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0635\u064a\u0627\u063a\u062a\u0647 \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0639\u0645\u064a\u0642\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0623\u062b\u0631\u0647: \u062a\u0648\u062d\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0634\u0638\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u062a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0642\u0628\u0644\u0647 \u0622\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0636\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0628\u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0626\u0641\u0629.<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.history.com\/this-day-in-history\/march-21\/napoleonic-code-approved-in-france\" title=\"16|Napoleonic Code Approved in France|History.com|2025\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[16]<\/a><\/sup>\n<\/p>\n<p>\n\u0628\u062f\u0623\u062a \u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0635\u064a\u0627\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1800 \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u064a\u0651\u0646 \u0646\u0627\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0644\u062c\u0646\u0629\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u0642\u0647\u0627\u0621 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0643\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0631\u0626\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u062c\u0627\u0646-\u062c\u0627\u0643 \u062f\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0633\u060c \u0648\u0639\u064f\u0642\u062f\u062a \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u062c\u0644\u0633\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0634\u0629 \u0646\u0635\u0648\u0635\u0647\u060c \u062d\u0636\u0631 \u0646\u0627\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0628 \u0646\u0635\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0623\u062f\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u0645\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u0627\u062a\u064d \u062c\u0648\u0647\u0631\u064a\u0629\u064d \u0634\u0643\u0651\u0644\u062a \u062a\u0648\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631\u064d \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f\u0651\u0647. \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633 1804 \u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0633\u062e\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0651\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0646 2281 \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0642\u0633\u0651\u0645\u0629\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0623\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0621\u064d \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629: \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u062e\u0627\u0635 (\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0629)\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0629 (\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0644\u0643 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0648\u062f)\u060c \u0648\u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0643\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0631\u062b \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0648\u062f).<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/Napoleonic-Code\" title=\"17|Napoleonic Code Definition|Encyclopaedia Britannica|2026\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[17]<\/a><\/sup>\n<\/p>\n<p>\n\u0631\u0633\u0651\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646\u064a \u062c\u0645\u0644\u0629\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0626 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629: \u0641\u0623\u0639\u0644\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0648\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0648\u0631 \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0635\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u0623\u0635\u0648\u0644\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0637\u0627\u0626\u0641\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0628\u0637\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0628\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0648\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u062d\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0648\u062c\u0639\u0644\u0647 \u0645\u0635\u0648\u0646\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0639\u0633\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0623\u062c\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u0648\u0631\u062a\u0651\u0628 \u0634\u0631\u0648\u0637\u0627\u064b \u0648\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a\u064d \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629\u064b \u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0629\u064b \u0644\u0647. \u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0623\u0628\u0642\u0649 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0644\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062c\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u062e\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0623\u0629 \u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0648\u062c \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0642\u062f \u0623\u0644\u063a\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1794.<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.history.com\/this-day-in-history\/march-21\/napoleonic-code-approved-in-france\" title=\"18|Napoleonic Code Rights and Limitations|History.com|2025\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[18]<\/a><\/sup>\n<\/p>\n<p>\n\u0637\u064f\u0628\u0650\u0651\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u062b\u0645 \u0646\u064f\u0642\u0644 \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0644\u0629: \u0628\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0643\u0627 \u0648\u0644\u0648\u0643\u0633\u0645\u0628\u0631\u063a \u0648\u0623\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u063a\u0631\u0628 \u0625\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u062c\u0646\u064a\u0641 \u0648\u0645\u0648\u0646\u0627\u0643\u0648. \u062b\u0645 \u0627\u0645\u062a\u062f\u062a \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0648\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629: \u0625\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627 \u0628\u0623\u0633\u0631\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648\u0644\u0646\u062f\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0647\u0627\u0646\u0632\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u063a\u0631\u0628 \u0623\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0633\u0648\u064a\u0633\u0631\u0627.<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/Napoleonic-Code\" title=\"19|Napoleonic Code Geographic Impact|Encyclopaedia Britannica|2026\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[19]<\/a><\/sup> \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0647\u0634 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0633\u0642\u0637 \u0628\u0633\u0642\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0637\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629\u061b \u0641\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0634\u0628\u0651\u062b\u062a \u0628\u0647 \u0634\u0639\u0648\u0628\u064c \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0646\u0647\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a\u060c \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0642\u062f\u0651\u0645 \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0648\u0645\u0629\u064b \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629\u064b \u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629\u064b \u0648\u0645\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0633\u0643\u0629\u064b \u0648\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644\u0629\u064b \u0646\u0633\u0628\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u062c\u062f \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0648\u0651\u0636\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0646\u0647\u0627. \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0632\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0643\u0627 \u0648\u0644\u0648\u0643\u0633\u0645\u0628\u0631\u063a \u0648\u0645\u0648\u0646\u0627\u0643\u0648 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u0647 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646\u064a \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645.\n<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>\n&#8220;\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0643 \u0633\u062a\u064f\u0645\u062d\u0649 \u0628\u0645\u0631\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0646\u061b \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a \u0633\u064a\u0628\u0642\u0649 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u062f.&#8221;<br \/>\n<strong>\u2014 \u0646\u0627\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0648\u0646\u0627\u0628\u0631\u062a\u060c \u0645\u0630\u0643\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0647\u064a\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0629\u060c 1817<\/strong>\n<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<h2 id=\"koz-h-5\">\u0666. \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u0649: \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629<\/h2>\n<p>\n\u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0631 \u0646\u0627\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629\u061b \u0628\u0644 \u0634\u0631\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0630\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a. \u0641\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0623\u0633\u0651\u0633 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1800 \u0628\u0646\u0643 \u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u0627 (Banque de France) \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0644\u0651\u0649 \u0625\u0635\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0626\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u062a\u0645\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0646\u0641\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0649 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0636\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0648\u0631\u062b\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0623\u0633\u0633 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645\u064d \u0646\u0642\u062f\u064a\u064d\u0651 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u064d\u0651 \u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632\u0629\u064b \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a.<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/medium.com\/@ahbvu.kurepol\/napoleon-bonaparte-the-reformer-of-france-and-the-transformer-of-europe-05a9a7e96a41\" title=\"20|Napoleon Bonaparte Reformer of Europe|Medium - Global Policy Community|2025\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[20]<\/a><\/sup> \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0635\u0644\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u0633\u0651\u0633 \u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u062a\u062d\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0628 \u0648\u0641\u0642 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0626 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0641\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629.\n<\/p>\n<p>\n\u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u060c \u0623\u0646\u0634\u0623 \u0646\u0627\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0647 (\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a) \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u0649\u060c \u0648\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0647\u062c \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629\u064b \u0645\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629\u064b \u062a\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0628\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u062a\u0632\u0648\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0634 \u0628\u0643\u0648\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0643\u0641\u0624\u0629\u064d \u0645\u062f\u0631\u0651\u0628\u0629. \u0648\u0631\u0633\u0651\u062e \u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0627\u0642 \u0628\u062f\u064a\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0646\u0634\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0637\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0631\u0633\u0651\u062e\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645\u064d \u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a\u064d\u0651 \u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d. \u0628\u0644 \u0625\u0646\u0647 \u0623\u0633\u0651\u0633 \u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a\u062a\u0643\u0646\u064a\u0643 (<em>\u00c9cole Polytechnique<\/em>) \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u063a\u062f\u062a \u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a.\n<\/p>\n<p>\n\u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0639\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0641\u0642\u062f \u062d\u0633\u0645 \u0646\u0627\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629: \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0646\u064a\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u062b\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0645\u062b\u0651\u0644 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0643\u0648\u0631\u062f\u0627\u062a (\u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u064a) \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0628\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u064a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0648 1801. \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0631\u0641\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u062b\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0629\u064b \u0644\u0623\u063a\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0639\u0627\u062f\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0627\u062d \u0644\u0644\u0643\u0646\u064a\u0633\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0632\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0646\u0634\u0627\u0637\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0638\u0648\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0625\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0628\u0642\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0639\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0642\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0646\u064a\u0633\u0629. \u0648\u0628\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0646\u0627\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0647\u062f\u0641\u0627\u064b \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0632\u062f\u0648\u062c\u0627\u064b: \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u062b\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0634\u0631\u0651\u0639 \u0633\u0644\u0637\u062a\u0647 \u0644\u062f\u064a\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0623\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0630\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0642\u0628\u0636\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629.<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.worldhistory.org\/article\/2115\/napoleonic-concordat-of-1801--religious-pluralism\/\" title=\"21|Napoleonic Concordat of 1801|World History Encyclopedia|2022\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[21]<\/a><\/sup>\n<\/p>\n<p>\n\u0648\u0642\u062f \u0623\u0631\u062f\u0641 \u0646\u0627\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0643\u0648\u0631\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0639\u064f\u0631\u0641 \u0628\u0640&#8221;\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0636\u0648\u064a\u0629&#8221; \u0639\u0627\u0645 1802\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0645\u062f\u0651\u062a \u0645\u0638\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0643\u0646\u064a\u0633\u062a\u064e\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u062b\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0646\u064a\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u062b\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0639\u0637\u062a \u0644\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0648\u062f \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u0629\u064b \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629\u064b \u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0629. \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u062c \u062a\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0646 \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0629\u064d \u0628\u0631\u0627\u063a\u0645\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629\u064d \u0645\u062d\u0636\u0629: \u0641\u0646\u0627\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u2014 \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0631\u062c\u0644\u064c \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u064f\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0639\u0646\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u064a\u0651\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a \u2014 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u064a\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629\u064b \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0633\u062c\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0648\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632\u0629\u064b \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0639\u0628\u0651\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0635\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0629\u064b \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0644\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0647 \u0644\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0644 1801: &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0630\u0643\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0628\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0639 \u0631\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u061b \u0628\u0648\u0633\u0639\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0624\u0647\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0647\u0645.&#8221;<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Concordat_of_1801\" title=\"22|Concordat of 1801|Wikipedia|2026\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[22]<\/a><\/sup>\n<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"koz-h-6\">\u0667. \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629<\/h2>\n<p>\n\u0634\u0643\u0651\u0644\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 (1803-1815) \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629\u064b \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0637\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629\u061b \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0648\u0647\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0629\u064b \u0645\u062a\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0642\u0629\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629\u064d \u0645\u062a\u062c\u062f\u062f\u0629\u064d \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0635\u0644\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u062a\u064d \u0645\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u062c\u0633\u0651\u062f\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u064a\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a\u062a\u064a\u0646: \u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0628\u0637\u0626\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u0631\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0646\u0627\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0645\u0629.\n<\/p>\n<p>\n\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0643\u0631 \u0646\u0627\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u062a\u062a \u062a\u064f\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0640&#8221;\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0642\u0629&#8221; (<em>Corps System<\/em>)\u061b \u0625\u0630 \u0642\u0633\u0651\u0645 \u062c\u064a\u0634\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u064a\u0627\u0644\u0642 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0629\u064d \u0642\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629\u064d \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0631\u0643 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u062a\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0645\u0641\u0631\u062f\u0647\u0627\u060c \u062b\u0645 \u062a\u062a\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0644\u062a\u0634\u0643\u0651\u0644 \u0642\u0648\u0629\u064b \u0636\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0629\u064b \u0647\u0627\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u064f\u0635\u0648\u0651\u0628 \u0636\u0631\u0628\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062d\u0638\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064e\u064a\u0646. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u062a\u0642\u0646 \u0641\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0648\u0634 \u0628\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629\u064d \u0641\u0627\u0626\u0642\u0629\u064d \u062a\u064f\u0631\u0628\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0648 \u0648\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062c\u0626\u0647\u060c \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0641\u064a\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0632\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0648\u062f \u0639\u0648\u0636\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0646 \u062e\u0637\u0648\u0637 \u0625\u0645\u062f\u0627\u062f\u064d \u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0629\u064d \u062b\u0642\u064a\u0644\u0629. \u0648\u0648\u0638\u0651\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0641\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0628\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0627\u064b \u2014 \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0642\u062f \u0628\u062f\u0623 \u062d\u064a\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0636\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0645\u062f\u0641\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u2014 \u0641\u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629\u064e \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0627 \u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f \u0648\u0633\u064a\u0644\u0629\u064d \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0629.\n<\/p>\n<p>\n\u0628\u0644\u063a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0630\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0638\u0645\u0649 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0623\u0648\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0644\u064a\u062a\u0632 (\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u062f\u064a\u0633\u0645\u0628\u0631 1805)\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0648\u0641\u0629 \u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0628\u0640&#8221;\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0627\u0637\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0629&#8221;\u061b \u0625\u0630 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0646\u0627\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0631\u0623\u0633 68,000 \u062c\u0646\u062f\u064a \u0636\u062f \u062a\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0641\u064d \u0631\u0648\u0633\u064a-\u0646\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0648\u064a \u064a\u0636\u0645 \u0646\u062d\u0648 90,000 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u062a\u0644 \u0628\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0634\u0627\u0644 \u0643\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0632\u0648\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0648\u064a \u0641\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0633\u0646\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644. \u0623\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0646\u0627\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u062a\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0644\u0647 \u0644\u0644\u0636\u0639\u0641 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0646\u0627\u062d\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u064a\u0645\u0646\u060c \u0641\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0631\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0648 \u0644\u0644\u0647\u062c\u0648\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u062b\u0645 \u0641\u062a\u062d \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0646\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u062f\u0641\u0639\u064a\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0632\u0646 \u0648\u0623\u0631\u0628\u0643 \u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0647\u060c \u0644\u064a\u0642\u062a\u062d\u0645 \u0642\u0644\u0628\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0644\u062d\u0638\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0634\u0627\u0634\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0633\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0628\u062f\u0642\u0629. \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0628\u0647\u0632\u064a\u0645\u0629\u064d \u0633\u0627\u062d\u0642\u0629\u064d \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0646\u062d\u0648 15,000 \u0642\u062a\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u062c\u0631\u064a\u062d \u0648\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 11,000 \u0623\u0633\u064a\u0631\u060c \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 9,000 \u062e\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0629\u064d \u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0623\u0641\u0636\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0637\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062f\u0627\u0645\u062a \u0623\u0644\u0641 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0647\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0631\u064a\u0633\u0628\u0648\u0631\u063a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0641\u0631\u0636\u062a \u0634\u0631\u0648\u0637\u0627\u064b \u0642\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0633\u0627.<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/event\/Battle-of-Austerlitz\" title=\"23|Battle of Austerlitz|Encyclopaedia Britannica|2026\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[23]<\/a><\/sup>\n<\/p>\n<p>\n\u0648\u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 1806\u060c \u0648\u062c\u0651\u0647 \u0646\u0627\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0636\u0631\u0628\u062a\u064e\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0628\u0631\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0643\u062a\u064e\u064a \u064a\u064a\u0646\u0627 \u0648\u0623\u0648\u064a\u0631\u0634\u062a\u064a\u062f\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u062f\u0648\u062c\u062a\u064e\u064a\u0646 (14 \u0623\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0628\u0631 1806)\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0642\u0627\u062a\u0644 122,000 \u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a \u0636\u062f 114,000 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0648\u0633\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0633\u0648\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0645\u064f\u0646\u064a\u062a \u0628\u0631\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0627 \u0628\u0647\u0632\u064a\u0645\u0629\u064d \u0645\u0646\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u0642\u062f\u062a \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628\u0627\u064b \u0643\u0644 \u062c\u064a\u0634\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0633\u0642\u0637\u062a \u0628\u0631\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u064a\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a\u064a\u0646. \u062a\u0648\u062c\u0651\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0648\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0647\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u064a\u0644\u0633\u064a\u062a (\u064a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0648 1807) \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0631\u0633\u0645\u062a \u062e\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0629 \u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629\u061b \u0641\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644\u062a \u0628\u0631\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629\u064d \u0645\u064f\u0642\u0644\u064e\u0651\u0635\u0629\u064d \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0646\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0646\u0634\u0623\u062a \u062f\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0648 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0631\u0639\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0633\u0646\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0641\u064d \u0645\u0624\u0642\u062a\u064d \u0645\u0639 \u0646\u0627\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646.<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/summary\/Napoleon-I-Timeline\" title=\"24|Napoleon I Timeline Treaties|Encyclopaedia Britannica|2026\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[24]<\/a><\/sup>\n<\/p>\n<p>\n\u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0625\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u064a\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0632\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0623\u0641\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0637\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u0645\u0627\u0621\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0628\u0637\u0621\u064d \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0631. \u0641\u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u0631\u0636 \u0646\u0627\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u062e\u0627\u0647 \u062c\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0641 \u0645\u0644\u0643\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1808 \u062e\u0644\u0641\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0639\u064a\u060c \u062b\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0646\u064a \u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629\u064b \u0639\u0627\u0631\u0645\u0629\u064b \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0651\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629\u064d \u0644\u0644\u0625\u062e\u0645\u0627\u062f. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0648\u064f\u0644\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d &#8220;\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a&#8221; (Guerrilla) \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0639\u0627\u0645 1809\u060c \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062a\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0635\u0639\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0648\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0639\u0647. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u062f\u0639\u0645\u062a \u0628\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u062d \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0644\u064a\u0646\u063a\u062a\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0641\u0635\u0627\u0631 \u0634\u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u062c\u0631\u062d\u0627\u064b \u0646\u0632\u064a\u0641\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0641\u062a\u0648\u062d\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0637\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0637\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a.<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/library.brown.edu\/cds\/napoleon\/time5.html\" title=\"25|Napoleon&#039;s Vast Empire Spain Guerrilla|Brown University Library|2024\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[25]<\/a><\/sup>\n<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"koz-h-7\">\u0668. \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0648\u0646\u0632\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629<\/h2>\n<p>\n\u0641\u064a \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u062d\u0643\u0645\u062a \u0633\u064a\u0637\u0631\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0631 (21 \u0623\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0628\u0631 1805) \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062f\u0645\u0651\u0631\u062a \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0644 \u0646\u064a\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0637\u0648\u0644\u064e \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a-\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643\u060c \u0644\u062c\u0623 \u0646\u0627\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0644\u0627\u062d\u064d \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u064d\u0651 \u0644\u0627 \u0633\u0644\u0627\u062d\u064d \u0628\u062d\u0631\u064a: \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0631\u064a (Blocus Continental)\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0646\u0647 \u0628\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0645 \u0628\u0631\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1806 \u0648\u0645\u064a\u0644\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1807. \u0646\u0635\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0645 \u0623\u064a \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0629\u064d \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0623\u064a \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629\u064d \u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0629\u064d \u062e\u0627\u0636\u0639\u0629\u064d \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0648\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a\u060c \u0628\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u062e\u0646\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0629.\n<\/p>\n<p>\n\u0644\u0645 \u064a\u064f\u062b\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0648\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0647 \u0644\u0623\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0628\u064d \u0639\u062f\u0629\u061b \u0641\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627 \u0633\u0627\u0631\u0639\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0639 \u0623\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0647\u0627 \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c \u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0627 (\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0637\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629) \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0639\u0628\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u0639\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0636\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0646\u0627\u0629\u064b \u0634\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0634\u062d\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0636\u0627\u0626\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0623\u0633\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0634\u0643\u0651\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a \u062d\u0627\u0641\u0632\u0627\u064b \u0642\u0648\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0647\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u062f\u0641\u0639 \u062d\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0621 \u0646\u0627\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u0645 \u2014 \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u0633\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u0631\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0627 \u2014 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0635\u0651\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0631 \u0633\u0631\u0627\u064b \u062b\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0646\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0623\u0628\u0631\u0632 \u0623\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0631\u062b\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0631\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0627 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1812.<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/library.brown.edu\/cds\/napoleon\/time5.html\" title=\"26|Napoleon Continental System|Brown University Library|2024\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[26]<\/a><\/sup>\n<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"koz-h-8\">\u0669. \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1812: \u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0651\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u0649<\/h2>\n<p>\n\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u064a\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0648 1812\u060c \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 (<em>Grande Arm\u00e9e<\/em>) \u0646\u0647\u0631 \u0646\u064a\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u062e\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0634 \u0623\u0636\u062e\u0645 \u0642\u0648\u0629\u064d \u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629\u064d \u0645\u062a\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0634\u0647\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0646: \u0636\u0645\u0651\u062a \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0645\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0646 450,000 \u0648600,000 \u062c\u0646\u062f\u064a\u064d\u0651 \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0627\u062a\u064d \u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0629\u064d \u0634\u062a\u0651\u0649. \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0633\u0646\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0648\u062a\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0628\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0625\u062c\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0648\u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0631\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0627 \u062f\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u064a\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0637\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629.\n<\/p>\n<p>\n\u0644\u062c\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u2014 \u0628\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0634\u0627\u0644 \u0643\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0632\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062c\u0648\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u2014 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0631\u0648\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0635\u0648\u062f\u061b \u0641\u0631\u0641\u0636\u0648\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0646\u0634\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0646\u0627\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0622\u062b\u0631\u0648\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639 \u0639\u0645\u0642\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0633\u0639\u0629\u060c \u062a\u0627\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u062f\u0646\u0627\u064b \u0645\u062d\u0631\u0648\u0642\u0629\u064b \u0648\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0632\u0646 \u0646\u064f\u0633\u0641\u062a \u0643\u064a\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u0641\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0632\u0627\u0629. \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0628\u0648\u0631\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0648 (7 \u0633\u0628\u062a\u0645\u0628\u0631 1812) \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u062a \u0628\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645\u064d \u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a\u064d\u0651 \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0628\u062e\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0641\u0627\u062f\u062d\u0629 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0643\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0637\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u062a\u062d\u0645\u0651\u0644\u0647\u0627. \u0648\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0646\u0627\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0633\u0643\u0648 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0639\u0634\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0633\u0628\u062a\u0645\u0628\u0631 \u0644\u064a\u062c\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u062e\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629\u064b \u0648\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0629\u064b \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u0634\u0639\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0623\u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u0645.<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/library.brown.edu\/cds\/napoleon\/time6.html\" title=\"27|Napoleon&#039;s Russian Campaign 1812|Brown University Library|2024\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[27]<\/a><\/sup>\n<\/p>\n<p>\n\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0638\u0631 \u0646\u0627\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0648\u0633\u0643\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0631\u0642\u0629 \u062e\u0645\u0633\u0629\u064b \u0648\u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0648\u0645\u0627\u064b \u064a\u0623\u0645\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u064f\u0631\u0633\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0633\u0646\u062f\u0631 \u0631\u0633\u0644 \u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0633\u0646\u062f\u0631 \u0623\u0628\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0642\u0637\u0639 \u0623\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644. \u0648\u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0628\u0631\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0631\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0643\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0633\u062d\u0627\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0628\u0631 1812\u060c \u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062b \u0646\u0627\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629\u061b \u0641\u0642\u062f \u062c\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062a\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0633 \u0643\u0633\u064a\u0641\u064d \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u064a\u064d\u0651 \u062d\u062f\u0651\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0628\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0647\u062c\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0632\u0627\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639. \u0648\u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0639\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062e\u0637\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0646\u062d\u0648 100,000 \u0631\u062c\u0644\u064d \u0623\u063a\u0644\u0628\u0647\u0645 \u062c\u0631\u062d\u0649 \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0647\u0643\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0635\u0641 \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u063a\u0632\u0627 \u0628\u0647\u0645 \u0646\u0627\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0631\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0627.<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/French_invasion_of_Russia\" title=\"28|French Invasion of Russia|Wikipedia|2026\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[28]<\/a><\/sup> \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0631\u062b\u0629 \u0625\u064a\u0630\u0627\u0646\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0623\u0646 \u0639\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0645\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0642\u0629 \u0642\u062f \u0648\u0644\u0651\u0649.\n<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"koz-h-9\">\u0661\u0660. \u0627\u0646\u0647\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0637\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629: \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0642\u0629<\/h2>\n<p>\n\u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0631\u062b\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0628\u0631\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0627 \u062a\u0646\u062a\u0641\u0636 \u0645\u062a\u062d\u0631\u0631\u0629\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0651 \u062a\u0628\u0639\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u0627\u060c \u0644\u062a\u0646\u0636\u0645 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0631\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062f\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0633\u0631\u0639\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0646\u0636\u0645\u062a \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0633\u0627 \u0648\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0639\u062f\u062f\u064c \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0629. \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0646\u0627\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u062a\u062e\u0644\u064e\u0651 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0639\u0646 \u0639\u0628\u0642\u0631\u064a\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u062a\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u064f\u0646\u0632\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0641 \u0647\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u062c\u0632\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0631\u0628\u064a\u0639 1813\u060c \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0632\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0649 \u0642\u062f \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u062a \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0627\u064b \u062c\u0630\u0631\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0644\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0647. \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0644\u0627\u064a\u0628\u0632\u064a\u063a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0648\u0641\u0629 \u0628\u0640&#8221;\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645&#8221; (16-19 \u0623\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0628\u0631 1813)\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062c\u0645\u0639\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0631\u0636 \u0623\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0635\u0641 \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u062a\u0644\u064d \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628\u064e\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0645\u064f\u0646\u064a \u0646\u0627\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0623\u0641\u062f\u062d \u0647\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0647\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0639\u062a \u0645\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629.\n<\/p>\n<p>\n\u0632\u062d\u0641\u062a \u062c\u064a\u0648\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0641 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u0644\u0628 \u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0637\u0644\u0639 1814\u060c \u0648\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0623\u0646 \u0646\u0627\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u062e\u0627\u0636 \u062d\u0645\u0644\u0629\u064b \u062f\u0641\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629\u064b \u0645\u0630\u0647\u0644\u0629\u064b \u0628\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u064a\u0627\u0626\u0633\u0629\u064d \u0634\u062d\u064a\u062d\u0629\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0633\u0642\u0648\u0637 \u0628\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0633\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633 1814 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0626\u064a. \u062a\u0646\u0627\u0632\u0644 \u0646\u0627\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0634 \u0628\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0628 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0647\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u0648\u0646\u062a\u064a\u0646\u0628\u0644\u0648 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0639\u0634\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0644 1814\u060c \u0648\u0646\u064f\u0641\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0628\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0638\u0647 \u0644\u0642\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0648\u0633\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629\u064d \u0634\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0629. \u0648\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0644\u0648\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0634\u0631 \u0645\u0644\u0643\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u0627 \u0645\u064f\u0639\u064a\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646.<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/library.brown.edu\/cds\/paris\/chronology2.html\" title=\"29|First French Empire Fall 1814|Brown University Library|2024\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[29]<\/a><\/sup>\n<\/p>\n<p>\n\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0631\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0633\u062f\u0644 \u0633\u062a\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f\u061b \u0625\u0630 \u0627\u0646\u0641\u0644\u062a \u0646\u0627\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0628\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0641\u0628\u0631\u0627\u064a\u0631 1815 \u0648\u0623\u0628\u062d\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u0627 \u0628\u062d\u0641\u0646\u0629\u064d \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0648\u062f\u060c \u0641\u0627\u0646\u0636\u0645\u062a \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0648\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u062c\u0646\u062f\u064a\u064c\u0651 \u062c\u0646\u062f\u064a\u064c\u0651 \u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u0651\u0645 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0628\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0634\u0647\u062f\u064d \u0623\u0634\u0628\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0637\u0648\u0631\u0629. \u0641\u0641\u0631\u0651 \u0644\u0648\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0634\u0631 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0625\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u0631\u0635\u0627\u0635\u0629\u064d \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0646\u0627\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0631\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633 1815. \u0648\u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0644\u0645 \u0632\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u062c\u062f\u062f\u0627\u064b\u060c \u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u0636 \u0645\u0639 \u0642\u0648\u0649 \u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064d \u0628\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 1792\u060c \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u0646 \u0642\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u2014 \u0628\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0628\u0631\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0633\u0627 \u0648\u0631\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0627 \u2014 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0646\u062a \u0646\u0627\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646 &#8220;\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a&#8221; \u0648\u0631\u0641\u0636\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u0636 \u0645\u0639\u0647.\n<\/p>\n<p>\n\u062c\u0627\u0621\u062a \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062a\u0631\u0644\u0648 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0634\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u064a\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0648 1815 \u062e\u0627\u062a\u0645\u0629\u064b \u0645\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629\u064b \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0626\u0629 \u064a\u0648\u0645\u061b \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647 \u0646\u0627\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0634\u064e \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a \u0628\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0642 \u0648\u0644\u064a\u0646\u063a\u062a\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0634\u064e \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0648\u0633\u064a \u0628\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0634\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0644\u0648\u0634\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0631\u0636 \u0628\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0643\u0627. \u0648\u0643\u0627\u062f\u062a \u0639\u0628\u0642\u0631\u064a\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0646\u062a\u0635\u0631 \u0644\u0648 \u0623\u0646 \u0642\u0648\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0636\u0637\u0644\u0639\u062a \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0642\u064a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0648\u0628\u060c \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062e\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062c\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0628\u0627\u062d\u064a \u2014 \u062a\u064f\u0646\u0633\u0628 \u0623\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0628\u0647 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u062a\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0623\u062e\u0651\u0631 \u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0641\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u2014 \u0623\u062a\u0627\u062d \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0648\u0633\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062d\u0638\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0627\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0628\u0647\u0632\u064a\u0645\u0629\u064d \u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629. \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u064a\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0648 1815\u060c \u062a\u0646\u0627\u0632\u0644 \u0646\u0627\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0634 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0644\u064a\u0646\u0641\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0633\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0647\u064a\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u064a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0644\u0633\u064a \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0639\u0627\u0634 \u0633\u062c\u064a\u0646\u0627\u064b \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0648\u0641\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0645\u0633 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0627\u064a\u0648 1821.<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecollector.com\/waterloo-vs-austerlitz-napoleon\/\" title=\"30|Battle of Waterloo and Austerlitz Comparison|The Collector|2025\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[30]<\/a><\/sup>\n<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"koz-h-10\">\u0661\u0661. \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0645\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0626\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/h2>\n<p>\n\u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0633\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0637\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u062b\u0627\u0631\u0629\u064b \u0644\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0644 \u062a\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641 \u0646\u0627\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0644\u0639\u0627\u0626\u0644\u062a\u0647 \u062a\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u0627\u064b \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c\u0627\u064b\u061b \u0625\u0630 \u0622\u0645\u0646 \u0628\u0623\u0646 \u0648\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0628 \u2014 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0648\u0625\u0646 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0627 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u064d \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u2014 \u0623\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0644\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0648\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628. \u0641\u0632\u0631\u0639 \u0623\u0634\u0642\u0627\u0621\u0647 \u0648\u0623\u0635\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0631\u0648\u0634 \u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0627 \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0632\u0631\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0631\u0633 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0642\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c. \u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0623\u062e\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u062c\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0641 \u0623\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0644\u0643\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0627\u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a (1806) \u062b\u0645 \u0645\u0644\u0643\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627 (1808)\u060c \u0648\u0623\u062e\u0627\u0647 \u0644\u0648\u064a\u0633 \u0645\u0644\u0643\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0648\u0644\u0646\u062f\u0627 (1806)\u060c \u0648\u0623\u062e\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u063a\u0631 \u062c\u064a\u0631\u0648\u0645 \u0645\u0644\u0643\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 (1807)\u060c \u0648\u0635\u0647\u0631\u0647 \u062c\u0648\u0627\u0634\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0631\u0627 \u0645\u0644\u0643\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0627\u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a (1808)\u060c \u0648\u0632\u0648\u062c \u0623\u062e\u062a\u0647 \u0625\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0632\u0627 \u0645\u0644\u0643\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0625\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0629.<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/worldhistoryedu.com\/history-of-the-first-french-empire\/\" title=\"31|Napoleon&#039;s Family on European Thrones|World History Edu|2025\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[31]<\/a><\/sup>\n<\/p>\n<p>\n\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u062c \u0623\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629\u064b \u0635\u0627\u0631\u062e\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u061b \u0641\u0623\u062e\u0648\u0647 \u0644\u0648\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0645\u0644\u0643\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0648\u0644\u0646\u062f\u0627 \u062f\u0627\u0641\u0639 \u0639\u0646 \u0645\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0644\u0646\u062f\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0636\u062f \u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0631\u064a\u060c \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0627\u0636\u0637\u0631 \u0646\u0627\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0636\u0645 \u0647\u0648\u0644\u0646\u062f\u0627 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629\u064b \u0644\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0637\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1810. \u0648\u062c\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0641 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u0637\u0639 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0639 \u0634\u0639\u0628\u064d \u0631\u0641\u0636 \u0643\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u0631\u0641\u0636\u0627\u064b \u0642\u0627\u0637\u0639\u0627\u064b. \u0648\u0628\u062f\u062a \u0623\u062c\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0641\u0627\u0631\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u062c \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0637\u0627\u0639\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u2014 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u062f \u0623\u0634\u0639\u0644\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u2014 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0646\u0642\u0644\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0645\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0633\u0628 \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0641\u064a.\n<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"koz-h-11\">\u0661\u0662. \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0637\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629<\/h2>\n<p>\n\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0639\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u060c \u0623\u0641\u0631\u0632\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0637\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c\u0627\u064b \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0647\u062c\u064a\u0646\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0641\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0648\u0639\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0627\u061b \u0641\u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0647\u0629\u064d \u0643\u0631\u0651\u0633\u062a \u0645\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0627\u0642 \u0645\u0633\u0644\u0643\u0627\u064b \u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0628\u062f\u064a\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0628\u060c \u0648\u0648\u0635\u0644 \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628\u0647 \u0623\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0647\u0629\u064d \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649\u060c \u0623\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0646\u0627\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u062a\u0623\u0633\u064a\u0633 \u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629\u064d \u0623\u0631\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629\u064d \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0637\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062a\u0636\u0645 &#8220;\u0646\u0628\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0637\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629&#8221; \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0627\u0631\u0634\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0648\u062c\u0646\u0631\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0648\u0631\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646\u062d\u0647\u0645 \u0623\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0627\u064b \u0648\u0631\u062b\u064a\u0629\u064b \u0648\u0623\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a\u064e \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0648\u062d\u0629.\n<\/p>\n<p>\n\u0648\u0623\u0646\u0634\u0623 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1802 \u0648\u0633\u0627\u0645 \u062c\u0648\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0641 (L\u00e9gion d&#8217;honneur) \u0643\u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u0633\u0627\u0645\u064d \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u062d\u0647 \u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062f\u0629\u061b \u0641\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u062a\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0631\u0639\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0637\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0648\u0633\u0627\u0645\u064c \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0632\u0627\u0644 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0623\u0631\u0641\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0633\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0629\u064b.<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.napoleon.org\/en\/young-historians\/napodoc\/timeline-consulate1st-french-empire\/\" title=\"32|Legion of Honor Foundation|Napoleon.org|2018\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[32]<\/a><\/sup>\n<\/p>\n<p>\n\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u062a \u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0637\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0631\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0648\u064a\u0636\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0631\u0648\u0636\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0632\u0648\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0636\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0630 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u062d\u0631\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062f\u062e\u0648\u0644\u0647\u0627. \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0628\u062f\u0644 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0633\u062d\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0644\u062d\u0642 \u0623\u0641\u062f\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0630\u0649 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u0627\u061b \u0641\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639\u062a \u0623\u0633\u0639\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0627\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0627\u064b \u062d\u0627\u062f\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0648\u0639\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0642\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0631\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0633\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0647\u0631\u064a\u0628.\n<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"koz-h-12\">\u0661\u0663. \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0647\u062f \u0646\u0627\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646<\/h2>\n<p>\n\u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0637\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0632\u062f\u0647\u0627\u0631\u064d \u0641\u0646\u064a\u064d\u0651 \u0648\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u064d\u0651 \u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u061b \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0648\u0638\u0651\u0641 \u0646\u0627\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u062a\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c\u0627\u064b \u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629\u064b \u0644\u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0631\u0633\u064a\u062e \u0634\u0631\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645. \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0637\u0628 \u0643\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u0646\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0631 \u0643\u062c\u0627\u0643-\u0644\u0648\u064a\u0633 \u062f\u0627\u0641\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0623\u0628\u062f\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0648\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0636\u062e\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u062e\u0644\u064a\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0646\u0627\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0623\u0628\u0647\u0629 \u0628\u0644\u0627\u0637\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0648\u062d\u0629 &#8220;\u062a\u062a\u0648\u064a\u062c \u0646\u0627\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646&#8221; (1807) \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062a\u062d\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u0641\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0648\u062d\u0629 &#8220;\u0646\u0627\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u064a\u0639\u0628\u0631 \u062c\u0628\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0628&#8221; (1800-1801). \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u0627\u0641\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0648\u0651\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0637\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646\u064a.\n<\/p>\n<p>\n\u0633\u0627\u062f\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0643\u0644\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0643\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0636\u0627\u0631\u062a\u064e\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0631\u0645\u0648\u0632\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0641\u0623\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0625\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u062a\u0635\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0628\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0623\u0628\u0631\u0632 \u0645\u0627 \u0634\u064a\u0651\u062f\u0647 \u0646\u0627\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u0649: \u0642\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635\u0631 (\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0624\u0647 1806) \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0637\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u064a\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0645 \u0648\u0643\u0646\u064a\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0644\u064a\u0646. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0633\u0651\u0633 \u0645\u062a\u062d\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0643\u0645\u062a\u062d\u0641\u064d \u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u064d\u0651 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u064d\u0651 \u064a\u064f\u062a\u0627\u062d \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0639 \u0628\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0632\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0644\u0623\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u2014 \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0648\u062c\u0647\u064e\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0636\u064e\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0622\u0646\u064d \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f.\n<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"koz-h-13\">\u0661\u0664. \u0625\u0631\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0637\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645<\/h2>\n<p>\n\u064a\u0645\u062a\u062f \u0625\u0631\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0637\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0642\u0631\u0646\u064e\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0646 \u0644\u064a\u0644\u0645\u0633 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u062d\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642\u064d \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639\u0647 \u0623\u0634\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0645\u0622\u062b\u0631 \u0646\u0627\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0634\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0651\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u063a\u0636\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647. \u0641\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0639\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0632\u0627\u0644 70 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f \u062f\u0633\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0631\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0628\u0631\u0632\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u0627 \u0648\u0628\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0643\u0627 \u0648\u0644\u0648\u0643\u0633\u0645\u0628\u0631\u063a \u0648\u0645\u0648\u0646\u0627\u0643\u0648 \u0648\u0625\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u064a\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0625\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0643\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0646\u062f\u064a \u0648\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0648\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629.<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.encyclopedia.com\/history\/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps\/napoleonic-empire\" title=\"33|Napoleonic Empire Legacy|Encyclopedia.com|2024\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[33]<\/a><\/sup>\n<\/p>\n<p>\n\u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0639\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0623\u0637\u0644\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0648\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0634\u0639\u0644\u062a\u064e\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0648\u0637\u0626\u062a\u0647\u0627\u061b \u0641\u0641\u064a \u0623\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0625\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0623\u064a\u0642\u0638\u062a \u0647\u0632\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u062c\u064a\u0648\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0637\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0627 \u0631\u0627\u0641\u0642\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0625\u0630\u0644\u0627\u0644\u064d \u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u064d\u0651 \u0646\u0632\u0639\u0629\u064b \u0642\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629\u064b \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u064f\u0648\u0641\u064e\u0651\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u062e\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0649 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0623\u0633\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 (1871) \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 (1861). \u0648\u0647\u0643\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u064f\u062c\u0627\u062f\u0644 \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631\u064c \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0631\u062e\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0623\u0646 \u0623\u0639\u0645\u0642 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064d \u0644\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0637\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0643\u0646 \u0645\u0642\u0635\u0648\u062f\u0629\u064b\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0631\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0641\u0639\u0644\u064d \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0648\u0633\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631\u064a.\n<\/p>\n<p>\n\u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0639\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u060c \u0623\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0646\u0627\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0641\u0646 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0648\u0628 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0632\u0627\u0644 \u062f\u0631\u0648\u0633\u0647\u0627 \u062d\u0627\u0636\u0631\u0629\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u061b \u0641\u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0626 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062c\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0641\u0643 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637 \u062e\u0637\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u2014 \u0643\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0626 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0632\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u064f\u062f\u0631\u064e\u0651\u0633 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u0649. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0628\u062a\u0643\u062a\u064a\u0643\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u062a\u0647 \u062c\u0646\u0631\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u064c \u0643\u0628\u0627\u0631\u064c \u0641\u064a \u0644\u0627\u062d\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0648\u0631\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u0643\u0644\u0627\u0648\u0632\u0641\u064a\u062a\u0632 \u2014 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0644\u0647\u0645 \u0639\u0645\u0642\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0644\u062f &#8220;\u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628&#8221; \u2014 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0627\u0631\u0634\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629.\n<\/p>\n<p>\n\u0648\u0644\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0646\u063a\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u064a\u0646\u0627 (1814-1815) \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0623\u0639\u0642\u0628 \u0633\u0642\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0637\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u064f\u0639\u062f\u0651 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0647\u0645 \u0623\u062b\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629\u061b \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0623\u0631\u0633\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u0649 \u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0642\u0631\u0646\u064d \u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 (\u062d\u062a\u0649 1914)\u060c \u0648\u062e\u0644\u0642 \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 &#8220;\u062d\u0641\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u0649&#8221; \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0639\u0647\u062f \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0632\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0624\u0648\u0644 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0647\u064a\u0645\u0646\u0629 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629\u064d \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0629. \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0623\u0644\u0647\u0645 \u0644\u0627\u062d\u0642\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u064a \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b.\n<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>\n&#8220;\u0633\u062a\u0623\u062a\u064a \u0634\u0639\u0648\u0628 \u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0627\u0641 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u062d \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0631. \u0633\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0634\u0639\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0631.&#8221;<br \/>\n<strong>\u2014 \u0646\u0627\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0648\u0646\u0627\u0628\u0631\u062a\u060c \u062a\u0623\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0641\u0627\u0647 \u0628\u0633\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0647\u064a\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0629\u060c \u0646\u0642\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0646 \u0645\u0630\u0643\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0646\u062a \u062f\u0648 \u0644\u0627\u0633 \u0643\u0627\u0632\u060c 1823<\/strong>\n<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<h2 id=\"koz-h-14\">\u0661\u0665. \u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645\u064c \u0646\u0642\u062f\u064a\u064c\u0651 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646: \u0646\u0627\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0637\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u064a\u0632\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e<\/h2>\n<p>\n\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0632\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u062f\u0645 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0637\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0635\u0627\u062d\u0628\u0647\u0627 \u064a\u0634\u063a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0631\u062e\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645\u061b \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0650\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0646\u0627\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u062a\u0631\u0649 \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0645\u064f\u0646\u062c\u0650\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0635\u0648\u0651\u0646 \u0645\u0643\u062a\u0633\u0628\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0647\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062d\u0645\u0651\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0631\u062c\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0636\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0646 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629. \u0641\u064a \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u064f\u0628\u0631\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u0631\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0627\u0643\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0644\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0629 (1802) \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0642\u062f \u0623\u0644\u063a\u062a\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062f\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0633\u062d\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0627\u062f\u0651\u0639\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u064f\u062d\u0631\u0631\u0647\u0627.\n<\/p>\n<p>\n\u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u062a\u0639\u0642\u064a\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u064f\u062e\u062a\u0632\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0629\u064d \u0623\u062d\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629\u064d \u0628\u0633\u064a\u0637\u0629\u061b \u0641\u0646\u0627\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0622\u0646\u064d \u0645\u0639\u0627\u064b \u0645\u064f\u0635\u0644\u062d\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0628\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0648\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0628\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0645\u062a\u062c\u0628\u0631\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0642\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0627\u064b \u063a\u064a\u0648\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0648\u0641\u0627\u062a\u062d\u0627\u064b \u0625\u0645\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0646\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0626 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0624\u062c\u0651\u062c\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0645\u0631\u0629. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0644\u062e\u0651\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0631\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a \u0628\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0646\u0648\u0631\u0627 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0636 \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0635\u0641\u0647 \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0647 &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a\u064d\u0651 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0644 \u062c\u064a\u0644\u064d \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0631\u0649 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629\u064b \u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647 \u0623\u0648 \u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629\u064b \u0644\u0639\u062f\u0648\u0651\u0647&#8221;.<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.encyclopedia.com\/history\/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps\/napoleonic-empire\" title=\"34|Napoleonic Empire Historical Assessment|Encyclopedia.com|2024\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[34]<\/a><\/sup>\n<\/p>\n<p>\n\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u062f\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0637\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u2014 \u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0627\u0646\u0647\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0648\u0651\u064a \u2014 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u062a \u062e\u0644\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629\u064b \u062a\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0629\u064b \u062d\u0636\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629\u064b \u0648\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629\u064b \u0648\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629\u064b \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u064f\u0645\u062d\u0649 \u0623\u062b\u0631\u0647\u0627\u061b \u0641\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0632\u0627\u0644 \u0633\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0632\u0627\u0644 \u062d\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0634\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0648\u0627\u0629 \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0641\u0623\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u2014 \u0648\u0625\u0646 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u064f\u0637\u0628\u064e\u0651\u0642\u0627 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u064b \u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0635\u0631 \u0646\u0627\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u2014 \u0628\u0627\u062a\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0643\u0627\u0626\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u0651\u0645 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u064a \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645\u064d \u062d\u0643\u0645\u064d \u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u064d\u0651 \u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b. \u0648\u0647\u0643\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0635\u0631\u062a \u0623\u0641\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0637\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062d\u0638\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0631\u062a \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u062e\u0633\u0631\u062a \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631\u0629.\n<\/p>\n<\/article>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0625\u0645\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0637\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629\u064c \u0623\u0639\u0627\u062f\u062a \u0631\u0633\u0645\u064e \u062e\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0629 \u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0627<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":2976,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[156,165],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2911","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-al-tarikh","category-al-duwal-wal-imbaraturiyat"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/cosmalore.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2911","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/cosmalore.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/cosmalore.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cosmalore.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cosmalore.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2911"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/cosmalore.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2911\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2912,"href":"https:\/\/cosmalore.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2911\/revisions\/2912"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cosmalore.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/2976"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/cosmalore.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2911"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cosmalore.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2911"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cosmalore.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2911"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}