{"id":2906,"date":"2026-06-14T13:20:47","date_gmt":"2026-06-14T09:50:47","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/cosmalore.com\/ar\/?p=2906"},"modified":"2026-06-14T13:24:39","modified_gmt":"2026-06-14T09:54:39","slug":"%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a5%d9%85%d8%a8%d8%b1%d8%a7%d8%b7%d9%88%d8%b1%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ba%d9%88%d8%b7%d9%8a%d8%a9","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/cosmalore.com\/ar\/wiki\/%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a5%d9%85%d8%a8%d8%b1%d8%a7%d8%b7%d9%88%d8%b1%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ba%d9%88%d8%b7%d9%8a%d8%a9\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0637\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0648\u0637\u064a\u0629"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629<\/h2>\n

\n\u062a\u064f\u0639\u062f\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0648\u0637\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0648\u0641\u0629 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0632\u064a\u063a\u0648\u0637 \u0623\u0648 Regnum Gothorum<\/em>\u060c
\n\u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0628\u0631\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0646\u0634\u0623\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0637\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a
\n\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0645\u062a\u062f\u062a \u0631\u0642\u0639\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u0634\u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0629
\n\u0641\u0636\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628 \u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0644 (\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629)
\n[1]<\/a><\/sup>.
\n\u0646\u0634\u0623\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0645 418 \u0645\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0632\u064a\u063a\u0648\u0637 \u0628\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0628 \u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642 \u0645\u0639
\n\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0637\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0623\u0643\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627 \u0628\u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0644\u060c \u062b\u0645 \u062a\u0648\u0637\u062f\u062a \u0623\u0631\u0643\u0627\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0627\u064b
\n\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0633\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u062a \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0639\u0627\u0645 711 \u0645\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0631\u062a
\n\u0623\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0648\u064a \u0628\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0637\u0627\u0631\u0642 \u0628\u0646 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f
\n[2]<\/a><\/sup>.\n<\/p>\n

\n\u0634\u0643\u0651\u0644\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0648\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u062c\u0633\u0631\u0627\u064b \u062d\u0636\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0641\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0627\u064b \u064a\u0631\u0628\u0637 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u0628\u0627\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0646: \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0636\u0627\u0631\u0629
\n\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0647\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0628\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0634\u0626 \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649\u060c
\n\u0625\u0630 \u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0631\u0648\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0636\u0641\u062a \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647
\n\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u062c\u0631\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0635\u064a\u0644\u0629. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0634\u062a\u064f\u0647\u0631\u062a \u0628\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0628\u0640Liber
\nIudiciorum<\/em> (\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0643\u0627\u0645) \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0639\u0627\u0645 654 \u0645\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629
\n[3]<\/a><\/sup>\u060c
\n\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0623\u0644\u063a\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0648\u0637 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0638\u0644\u0651 \u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632\u0629\u064b \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646
\n\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0637\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0649. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0645\u064a\u0651\u0632\u062a \u0628\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u064a\u062d\u064a\u0629
\n\u0627\u0644\u0622\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u062b\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0645 589 \u0645\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643 \u0631\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644
\n\u0623\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0631\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0634\u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644
\n[4]<\/a><\/sup>.
\n\u0648\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0636\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0629\u064b \u0645\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0632\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649
\n\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0634\u060c \u0641\u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 (Guadalete) \u0639\u0627\u0645 711 \u0645\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0634\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629\u064b \u0623\u0634\u0639\u0644\u062a
\n\u0633\u0642\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644\u0629.\n<\/p>\n

\n
\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0648\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u2014 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0632\u064a\u063a\u0648\u0637<\/div>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a<\/td>\n\n Regnum Gothorum \/ \u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0637
\n [5]<\/a><\/sup>\n <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649<\/td>\n\n \u062a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u0632 (418\u2013507 \u0645)\n <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629<\/td>\n\n \u0637\u0644\u064a\u0637\u0644\u0629 \/ Toledo (542\u2013711 \u0645)
\n [6]<\/a><\/sup>\n <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n\n 418 \u2013 718 \u0645 (\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a 300 \u0639\u0627\u0645)\n <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645<\/td>\n\n \u0645\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629
\n [7]<\/a><\/sup>\n <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a\u062f\u0627\u062f<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a<\/td>\n\n \u0634\u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628 \u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0644
\n [8]<\/a><\/sup>\n <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0623\u0642\u0635\u0649 \u0627\u0645\u062a\u062f\u0627\u062f<\/td>\n\n \u0639\u0647\u062f \u064a\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0643 (466\u2013484 \u0645) \u2014 \u0645\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0627
\n [9]<\/a><\/sup>\n <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n\n \u062c\u0628\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0647 \u0648\u0625\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0633\u0628\u062a\u064a\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627\n <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n\n \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646)
\n [10]<\/a><\/sup>\n <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0629<\/td>\n\n \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0637\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0631\u062c\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0629
\n [11]<\/a><\/sup>\n <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a<\/td>\n\n \u0642\u0648\u0637 \u062c\u0631\u0645\u0627\u0646 + \u0625\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0631\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0646 + \u064a\u0647\u0648\u062f + \u0633\u0648\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0648\u0646\n <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644<\/td>\n\n \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u064a\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0631\u064a\u0629 (\u062d\u062a\u0649 589 \u0645)
\n [12]<\/a><\/sup>\n <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a<\/td>\n\n \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u062b\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 (\u0628\u0639\u062f 589 \u0645)
\n [13]<\/a><\/sup>\n <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0645\u0646\u0639\u0637\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644<\/td>\n\n \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b \u0644\u0637\u0644\u064a\u0637\u0644\u0629 (589 \u0645) \u2014 72 \u0623\u0633\u0642\u0641\u0627\u064b
\n [14]<\/a><\/sup>\n <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0623\u0628\u0631\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0648\u0643<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627 (\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633)<\/td>\n415 \u2013 418 \u0645<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u062b\u064a\u0648\u062f\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644<\/td>\n418 \u2013 451 \u0645<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u064a\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0643 (\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0638\u0645)<\/td>\n\n 466 \u2013 484 \u0645
\n [15]<\/a><\/sup>\n <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0644\u062f (\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062d\u0651\u062f)<\/td>\n568 \u2013 586 \u0645<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0631\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644<\/td>\n\n 586 \u2013 601 \u0645
\n [16]<\/a><\/sup>\n <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0631\u0648\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0643 (\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631)<\/td>\n710 \u2013 711 \u0645<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0631\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0636\u0627\u0631\u064a<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0623\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u0625\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0632<\/td>\n\n Liber Iudiciorum \u2014 \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0643\u0627\u0645 (654 \u0645)
\n [17]<\/a><\/sup>\n <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0623\u0628\u0631\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631<\/td>\n\n \u0643\u0646\u0632 \u063a\u0648\u0627\u0631\u0627\u0632\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0643\u0646\u064a\u0633\u0629 \u0633\u0627\u0646 \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0633
\n [18]<\/a><\/sup>\n <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0642\u0648\u0637<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0645<\/td>\n\n \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \/ Guadalete (711 \u0645)
\n [19]<\/a><\/sup>\n <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u062a\u062d<\/td>\n\n \u0637\u0627\u0631\u0642 \u0628\u0646 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f \u2014 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0648\u064a\u0629
\n [20]<\/a><\/sup>\n <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0642\u0648\u0637<\/td>\n\n \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0642\u0633\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062d\u0631\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0629\n <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n
\n COSMALORE \u00b7 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0633\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629\n <\/div>\n<\/div>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0623\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629<\/h2>\n

\n\u064a\u0646\u062a\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0632\u064a\u063a\u0648\u0637 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0623\u0639\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0636\u0631\u0628
\n\u062c\u0630\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0645\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0628\u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u0631\u0649 \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0631\u062e\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0623\u0635\u0644\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a \u064a\u0639\u0648\u062f
\n\u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628 \u0625\u0633\u0643\u0646\u062f\u0646\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0647\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u062a\u062f\u0629 \u0634\u0631\u0642\u0627\u064b \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u062d\u0648\u0636 \u0646\u0647\u0631 \u0641\u064a\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0644\u0627
\n[21]<\/a><\/sup>.
\n\u0643\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0648\u0647\u0631\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u0631\u0639\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0634\u0639\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0637 (Goths) \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0633\u0639\u060c \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a
\n\u0647\u0627\u062c\u0631 \u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628\u0627\u064b \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0649 \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0647\u0648\u0644
\n\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0633\u064a\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u064a\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0648\u062f \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0628.
\n\u0648\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062f\u064a\u060c \u062d\u062f\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0642\u0633\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0641\u0631\u0651\u0642 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0628
\n\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u0631\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u064a\u0646\u061b \u0625\u0630 \u0633\u064f\u0645\u0651\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0648\u063a\u0648\u0637 (\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0646)\u060c
\n\u0648\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u0633\u062a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0644\u0647\u0645 \u0644\u0627\u062d\u0642\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0633\u0645
\n\u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0632\u064a\u063a\u0648\u0637 (\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u064a\u0646)\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0645 \u0623\u0628\u0637\u0627\u0644 \u0631\u0648\u0627\u064a\u062a\u0646\u0627 \u0647\u0630\u0647
\n[22]<\/a><\/sup>.\n<\/p>\n

\n\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0632\u064a\u063a\u0648\u0637 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u064a\u064f\u0634\u0643\u0651\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064b \u0642\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0645\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0632\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0621
\n\u064a\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0628\u0647\u0645 \u0643\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u0644\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u062a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0639\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0629
\n\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0633\u064a\u0637\u0629. \u062f\u062e\u0644\u0648\u0627 \u0645\u0628\u0643\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0643 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0637\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0648\u062d\u062a \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0647\u0630\u0627
\n\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0643 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u064a\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0644\u062d\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0627
\n\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0648\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0632\u0642\u0629 \u0623\u0648 “\u0641\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u064a\u0646” (Foederati)\u060c \u0623\u064a \u062d\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a\u064a\u0646
\n\u064a\u062d\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0623\u062c\u0631 \u0648\u0623\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064d
\n[23]<\/a><\/sup>.
\n\u0648\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0634\u0631\u0651\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0632\u064a\u063a\u0648\u0637 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062b\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631\u064e \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0642\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0636\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u061b
\n\u0641\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0651\u0645\u0648\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u062a\u0642\u0646\u0648\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0623\u062b\u0631\u0648\u0627 \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0651\u0641\u0648\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649
\n\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0651\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0641\u0646\u0648\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0641\u0643\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0627 \u0628\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0631\u0648\u0645\u0646\u0629\u064b \u0648\u0627\u0646\u0641\u062a\u0627\u062d\u0627\u064b
\n\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0636\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629.\n<\/p>\n

\n\u0641\u064a \u0623\u0648\u0627\u062e\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062f\u064a\u060c \u0647\u0628\u0651\u062a \u0639\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0629 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u0627\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0651\u0631\u062a \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0634\u0639\u0648\u0628 \u0628\u0623\u0643\u0645\u0644\u0647\u0627:
\n\u0627\u0644\u0647\u062c\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u062c\u0626 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0633 \u0644\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0645 \u0642\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0641\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0631\u062d\u0651\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0642\u0627\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0644\u0628 \u0622\u0633\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0649\u060c
\n\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0627\u062d\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u0631\u063a\u0645\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0632\u064a\u063a\u0648\u0637 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628 \u0628\u062d\u062b\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0646 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u0630
\n\u0622\u0645\u0646. \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 376 \u0645\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0632\u064a\u063a\u0648\u0637 \u0646\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0628 \u0628\u0623\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0636\u062e\u0645\u0629 \u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0621
\n\u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0637\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0621\u062a \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0648\u0623\u0647\u0627\u0646\u062a
\n\u0643\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u063a\u0644\u0651\u062a\u0647\u0645
\n[24]<\/a><\/sup>.
\n\u0641\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0644\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0636\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0648\u0637\u064a \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0651\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u0644\u062d\u0629\u060c \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u0628\u0631\u0632 \u062a\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0623\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0646\u0648\u0628\u0644
\n\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0647\u064a\u0631\u0629 (Adrianople) \u0639\u0627\u0645 378 \u0645\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0645\u064f\u0646\u064a \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0647\u0632\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0646\u0643\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0642\u062a\u0644
\n\u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633 \u0630\u0627\u062a\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0634\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0645\u064f\u0646\u064a\u062a \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0631\u0648\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u0647\u0627
\n\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u064a\u062f.\n<\/p>\n

\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0623\u0633\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629: \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0627<\/h2>\n

\n\u0628\u0644\u063a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0648\u0637\u064a \u0630\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0645\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u062d\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643 \u0623\u0644\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 (Alaric I)
\n\u0623\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0631 \u0631\u0648\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0645 410 \u0645\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0644\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u064f\u0646\u0647\u0628 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649
\n\u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0645\u0626\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0645
\n[25]<\/a><\/sup>.
\n\u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0636\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0632\u0639\u0632\u0639 \u062b\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0628\u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647 \u0648\u0628\u0642\u062f\u0631\u062a\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649
\n\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0634\u0639\u0644\u062a \u0646\u0642\u0627\u0634\u0627\u062a \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062f\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0635\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0636\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e.
\n\u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0637\u0645\u062d \u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0632\u064a\u063a\u0648\u0637 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0631\u0648\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u062f\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629
\n\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u0639\u0648\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0628\u0647\u0645 \u0634\u0639\u0628\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0630\u0627 \u0623\u0631\u0636 \u0648\u0633\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629. \u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a
\n\u0623\u0644\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0643 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0648\u0642\u062a \u0642\u0635\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0647\u0628 \u0631\u0648\u0645\u0627\u060c \u0641\u062a\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0628 \u0623\u062b\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0641 (Ataulf) \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0642\u0627\u062f
\n\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0632\u064a\u063a\u0648\u0637 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u063a\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u064a\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0648\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628
\n\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0628\u0625\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0623\u0643\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627 (Aquitania) \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a.\n<\/p>\n

\n\u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 418 \u0645\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0628\u0631\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0632\u064a\u063a\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u0627\u064b \u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0637\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629
\n\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0642\u0636\u0649 \u0628\u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0645\u0646\u062d\u0647\u0645 \u0631\u0648\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0623\u0643\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627 \u0645\u0642\u0631\u0651\u0627\u064b \u0648\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0637\u0646\u0627\u064b \u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644
\n\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645\u0647\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0639\u0646 \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0637\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0636\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649
\n[26]<\/a><\/sup>.
\n\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062a\u064a\u0628 \u0628\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0634\u0647\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0648\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0629. \u0627\u062a\u062e\u0630
\n\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627 (Wallia) \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u062a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u0632 \u0639\u0627\u0635\u0645\u0629\u064b \u0644\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u064a\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621
\n\u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0627\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u062a\u0647. \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0630 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062d\u0638\u0629\u060c \u0634\u0631\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0632\u064a\u063a\u0648\u0637 \u0641\u064a
\n\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u062c\u064a \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0634\u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u062a\u0645\u0648\u062c \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0642\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u062c\u0631\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629
\n\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0643\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u064a\u0641\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0641\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0632\u0648\u0627 \u0636\u0639\u0641 \u0631\u0648\u0645\u0627 \u0648\u0641\u0648\u0636\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0644\u064a\u0628\u0633\u0637\u0648\u0627
\n\u0633\u064a\u0637\u0631\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0634\u064a\u0626\u0627\u064b \u0641\u0634\u064a\u0626\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0647 \u062c\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0629.\n<\/p>\n

\n\u062c\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643 \u064a\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0643 (Euric)\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0639\u0627\u0645 466 \u0648\u0638\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0629 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0648\u0641\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0639\u0627\u0645
\n484 \u0645\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0644\u064a\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0648\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0638\u0645\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649. \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0648\u0633\u0651\u0639 \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u0647\u0627
\n\u062a\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0639\u0627\u064b \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0627\u064b \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d\u062a \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a \u0622\u0646\u0630\u0627\u0643\u060c \u0625\u0630 \u0636\u0645\u0651\u062a \u0645\u0639\u0638\u0645
\n\u0634\u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062c\u0632\u0621\u0627\u064b \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0644
\n[27]<\/a><\/sup>.
\n\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0648\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0646\u062c\u0632 \u064a\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0643 \u0625\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0632\u0627\u064b \u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0627\u064b \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062b\u0631\u061b
\n\u0625\u0630 \u0623\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u062f\u0648\u0651\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0648\u0637\u064a\u0629\u060c \u064a\u064f\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0628\u0640”\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u064a\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0643” \u0623\u0648 Lex
\nEuricii<\/em>
\n[28]<\/a><\/sup>\u060c
\n\u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0646\u0638\u0651\u0645\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629\u060c
\n\u0648\u0645\u0647\u0651\u062f\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0643\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0623\u062a\u0649 \u0628\u0639\u062f\u0647 \u0628\u0642\u0631\u0646\u064a\u0646.\n<\/p>\n

\n\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u0646 \u0631\u064a\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0638 \u062a\u0628\u062f\u0651\u0644\u062a \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0648\u0641\u0627\u0629 \u064a\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0643\u061b \u0641\u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 507 \u0645\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0646\u064a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629
\n\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0648\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0647\u0632\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u062b\u0642\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0641\u0648\u064a\u064a\u0647 (Battle of Vouill\u00e9) \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u062b\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0643
\n\u0628\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643 \u0643\u0644\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644
\n[29]<\/a><\/sup>\u060c
\n\u062d\u064a\u062b \u0644\u0642\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643 \u0623\u0644\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u062d\u062a\u0641\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0643\u0629. \u0648\u0628\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0628 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0632\u064a\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0646\u0633\u0644\u062e\u062a
\n\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u0645\u0645\u062a\u0644\u0643\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0628\u0642 \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u0627 \u0633\u0648\u0649 \u0625\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0633\u0628\u062a\u064a\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627
\n\u0627\u0644\u0636\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u062c\u0628\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0647 \u0648\u0646\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0646. \u0648\u0647\u0643\u0630\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u062a\u062a \u0634\u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0629
\n\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u062b\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0648\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0639\u0645\u0648\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631\u064a \u0628\u0644\u0627 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0632\u0639.\n<\/p>\n

\u0639\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062d\u064a\u062f: \u0644\u064a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0644\u062f \u0648\u0631\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062f<\/h2>\n

\n\u0644\u0645 \u064a\u064f\u0643\u062a\u064e\u0628 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0648\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646
\n\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062f\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062f\u064a\u060c \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0635\u0639\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0631\u0634\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643 \u0644\u064a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0644\u062f (Leovigild) \u0639\u0627\u0645 568 \u0645\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629.
\n\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0644\u064a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0644\u062f \u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629\u064b \u0645\u0628\u0639\u062b\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0641\u060c \u062a\u0646\u062e\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0642\u0633\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0647\u062f\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0631
\n\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0643\u0644 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628: \u0641\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u064a\u0641\u064a\u064a\u0646 (Suebi) \u0641\u064a \u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u063a\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0641\u0638
\n\u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0632\u0646\u0637\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u064a\u0633\u064a\u0637\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0634\u0631\u064a\u0637 \u0633\u0627\u062d\u0644\u064a \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0627 \u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0639\u0647\u062f
\n\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u062c\u0633\u062a\u0646\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644
\n[30]<\/a><\/sup>.
\n\u0641\u0627\u0646\u0643\u0628\u0651 \u0644\u064a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0644\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0636\u0627\u0639 \u0628\u0639\u0632\u0645 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629
\n\u0646\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629\u061b \u0625\u0630 \u0623\u0639\u0627\u062f \u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0648\u0637\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0633\u0633 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0634\u0646\u0651 \u062d\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629
\n\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0646\u062c\u062d \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0633\u0637 \u0646\u0641\u0648\u0630\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0637\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0632\u0627\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0646
\n\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f \u062a\u0644\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062e\u0631.\n<\/p>\n

\n\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u0628\u0631\u0632 \u0625\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0632\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u062a\u062d\u0647 \u0644\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u064a\u0641\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0645 585 \u0645\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0636\u0645\u0651\u0647\u0627
\n\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u062a\u0647
\n[31]<\/a><\/sup>\u060c
\n\u0645\u0645\u0627 \u0648\u062d\u0651\u062f \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0634\u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u062a
\n\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629. \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0628\u0631\u0632 \u0625\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a \u0628\u062a\u0623\u0633\u064a\u0633 \u0639\u0627\u0635\u0645\u0629
\n\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0631\u0627\u0633\u062e\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0637\u0644\u064a\u0637\u0644\u0629 (Toledo)\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u062e\u0637\u0648\u0629 \u062d\u0636\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0646\u0642\u0644\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0629
\n\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0648\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062d\u0651\u0627\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631
\n[32]<\/a><\/sup>.
\n\u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0637\u0644\u064a\u0637\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u064a\u0637 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0623\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639\u0627\u064b
\n\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0632\u0627\u064b \u064a\u0631\u0628\u0637 \u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0627 \u0628\u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0634\u0631\u0642\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u063a\u0631\u0628\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0641\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062d\u0642\u062a \u0628\u062c\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629
\n\u0644\u0642\u0628 \u0642\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0636\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a.\n<\/p>\n

\n\u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0639\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0622\u062b\u0631 \u0644\u064a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0644\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0633\u0643 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u064a\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u0631\u0636\u0647\u0627
\n\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0631\u0639\u0627\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u062b\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0643\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0634\u0639\u0644 \u0635\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0627\u064b \u062f\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0627\u064b \u062d\u0627\u062f\u0627\u064b \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629. \u0628\u0644 \u0648\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631
\n\u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u062f \u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0628\u0646\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u0647\u0631\u0645\u064a\u0646\u062c\u064a\u0644\u062f (Hermenegild) \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0642\u062f \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0646\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u062b\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629
\n\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0642\u0641 \u0644\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0630\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0628\u064a\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0641\u0631\u0641\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u062d \u0636\u062f \u0623\u0628\u064a\u0647 \u0623\u0645\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0646\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0634
\n[33]<\/a><\/sup>.
\n\u0623\u062e\u0645\u062f \u0644\u064a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0644\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0642\u0628\u0636 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0628\u0646\u0647 \u0648\u0623\u0639\u062f\u0645\u0647\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647 \u0630\u0647\u0628 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u0628\u0631\u0647 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0646\u062c\u062d \u0641\u064a
\n\u062a\u0648\u062d\u064a\u062f \u0631\u0639\u0627\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u062f\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0627\u064b. \u0648\u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0627\u0645 586 \u0645\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0631\u062b \u0627\u0628\u0646\u0647 \u0631\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0634
\n\u0648\u0645\u0639\u0647 \u0625\u0631\u062b\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0636\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0647\u062f\u062f \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0633\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629.\n<\/p>\n

\n\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0631\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 (Reccared I) \u0631\u062c\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0623\u062f\u0631\u0643
\n\u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0628\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u0643\u0645\u0647 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0642\u0633\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0631\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u062b\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0643 \u064a\u0645\u062b\u0651\u0644
\n\u0642\u0646\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0648\u062a\u0629 \u0642\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0641\u062a\u064a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629. \u0641\u0627\u062a\u062e\u0630 \u0641\u064a \u064a\u0646\u0627\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0627\u0645 587 \u0645\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0627\u064b
\n\u0645\u0635\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0644\u064a \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u064a\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u062b\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062b\u0648\u0630\u0643\u0633\u064a\u0629
\n[34]<\/a><\/sup>.
\n\u062b\u0645 \u062a\u0648\u0651\u062c \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0628\u0639\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0646\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b \u0644\u0637\u0644\u064a\u0637\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 589 \u0645\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629\u060c
\n\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0633\u0628\u0639\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0633\u0642\u0641\u0627\u064b \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647 \u0648\u0643\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u0644\u0627\u0621
\n\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639\u064a\u064a\u0646
\n[35]<\/a><\/sup>\u060c
\n\u0648\u0623\u064f\u0639\u0644\u0646 \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0646 \u062a\u062e\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0628\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0631\u064a\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u062b\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629
\n\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0627\u064b \u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629.\n<\/p>\n

\n“\u0644\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0631\u0643\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0639\u062f\u0646\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u060c \u0648\u0646\u0628\u0630\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u064a\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0642\u0628\u0644\u0646\u0627 \u0639\u0642\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0646
\n\u0627\u0644\u0622\u0628\u0627\u0621 \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0646\u0637\u0642 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0643\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0646\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0639\u062a\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u0648\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0648\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f
\n\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0647\u0631.”
\n\u2014 \u0631\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u060c \u062e\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b \u0644\u0637\u0644\u064a\u0637\u0644\u0629\u060c 589 \u0645\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629
\n[36]<\/a><\/sup>
\n<\/strong>\n<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

\n\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0645\u064a\u0642\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0639\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062b\u0631\u061b \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0623\u0632\u0627\u0644
\n\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u064a\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0643\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0646\u060c
\n\u0648\u0623\u062a\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062c\u0627\u064b \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0648\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0627\u064b \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0643\u0646 \u0645\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0638\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0642\u0633\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0626\u0641\u064a
\n\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0645\u0646\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0646\u064a\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u062b\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0624\u062b\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629
\n\u0644\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629\u060c \u0625\u0630 \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0642\u0641\u0629 \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u0621 \u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0627\u062a\u062a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639 \u0637\u0644\u064a\u0637\u0644\u0629
\n\u062a\u064f\u0634\u0643\u0651\u0644 \u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0631\u0627\u0633\u062e\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0634\u0624\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u064b
\n[37]<\/a><\/sup>.\n<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a: \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0643\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0625\u0631\u062b\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0638\u064a\u0645<\/h2>\n

\n\u064a\u0645\u062b\u0651\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0648\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0631\u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u0625\u0633\u0647\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0636\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u0637\u0648\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0645\u0631\u0627\u064b
\n\u0648\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0642\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u062b\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a. \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0634\u0631\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0632\u064a\u063a\u0648\u0637 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062f\u0648\u064a\u0646 \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0645
\n\u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0639\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643 \u064a\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0645\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062f\u064a\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0651\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0639\u064a
\n\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u064a\u0627\u0644\u060c \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0628\u0644\u063a \u0630\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u0649 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643 \u0631\u0633\u064a\u0633\u0648\u064a\u0646\u062a (Recceswinth)\u060c
\n\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0623\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0639\u0627\u0645 654 \u0645\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0628\u0640Liber Iudiciorum<\/em>
\n(\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0643\u0627\u0645) \u0623\u0648 Lex Visigothorum<\/em>
\n[38]<\/a><\/sup>.\n<\/p>\n

\n\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a \u0644\u0623\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u062c\u0648\u0647\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629. \u0623\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b\u060c
\n\u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0623\u0644\u063a\u0649 \u0628\u0635\u0631\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u064a\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629:
\n\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0641\u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0645\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649
\n\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062b\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0642\u064a
\n[39]<\/a><\/sup>.
\n\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0635\u0650\u064a\u063a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0637\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0628\u062c\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0631\u0633\u0648\u062e
\n\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0636\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0648\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0631\u0648\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0641\u064a
\n\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0639\u064a
\n[40]<\/a><\/sup>.
\n\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u064b\u060c \u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0628\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0626 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0633\u062e\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a
\n\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u060c \u0641\u0623\u0641\u0631\u0632 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0647\u062c\u064a\u0646\u0627\u064b \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646\u0627\u064b \u064a\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0648\u0637\u064a
\n\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0628\u062a\u0639\u0642\u064a\u062f\u0647.\n<\/p>\n

\n\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0645\u0644 \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0643\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0635\u064a\u063a\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0636\u062c\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u062b\u0646\u064a \u0639\u0634\u0631 \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u064b \u0641\u0631\u0639\u064a\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0645\u064f\u0646\u0638\u064e\u0651\u0645\u0629 \u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645\u0627\u064b
\n\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c\u064a\u0627\u064b \u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0627\u064b \u064a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u062c\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0641\u0629
\n[41]<\/a><\/sup>:
\n\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0644\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0646\u064a\u0633\u0629 \u0648\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u0644\u0627\u0621\u060c
\n\u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u062e\u0635\u0635\u062a \u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u0639\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0631\u062b \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c
\n\u0648\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0644\u062a \u0643\u062a\u0628 \u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0643\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u062a\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0632\u0646\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0634 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0632\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a
\n\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0636\u0645\u0651\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u062d\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0627\u064b \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0648\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0646\u0638\u0651\u0645 \u0648\u0636\u0639\u0647\u0645
\n\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0648\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642\u0647\u0645 \u0648\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0628\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0648\u0637\u064a
\n[42]<\/a><\/sup>.\n<\/p>\n

\n\u0623\u064f\u062f\u062e\u0644\u062a \u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062a \u062c\u0648\u0647\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0643\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0644 \u0644\u0627\u062d\u0642\u0629\u061b \u0641\u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 681 \u0645\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629
\n\u0623\u0636\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643 \u0625\u0631\u0648\u064a\u062c (Erwig) \u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u064a\u0646 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u0627\u064b \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629
\n[43]<\/a><\/sup>\u060c
\n\u062b\u0645 \u062a\u062c\u062f\u062f\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643 \u0625\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0643\u0627 (Egica) \u0639\u0627\u0645 693 \u0645\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629.
\n\u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0643\u0627\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0646\u062f\u062b\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0646\u0647\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0623\u0635\u062f\u0631\u062a\u0647\u060c
\n\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u062a \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0644\u0642\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0623\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0627\u061b \u0625\u0630 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0631\u0641
\n\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u062d\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u064a\u062d\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0648\u0641\u0642 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0648\u0637\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0632\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645
\n\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629
\n[44]<\/a><\/sup>.
\n\u0648\u0641\u064a \u0645\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u064a\u062d\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0627\u0633\u0645 “\u0641\u0648\u064a\u0631\u0648 \u062e\u0648\u0633\u063a\u0648”
\n(Fuero Juzgo) \u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639\u0627\u064b \u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0642\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0637\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0646
\n\u0639\u0645\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0648\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0637.\n<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0648\u0622\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645<\/h2>\n

\n\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0648\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u064a\u0645\u0632\u062c \u0628\u0630\u0643\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0631\u0648\u062b
\n\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629. \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0631\u0623\u0633 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643\u060c
\n\u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0643\u0646 \u0645\u0644\u0643\u0627\u064b \u0648\u0631\u0627\u062b\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u062f\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0642\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0648\u0647\u0631\u0647\u0627
\n\u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0625\u0630 \u064a\u064f\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643 \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0648\u0637 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u062a\u0635\u0648\u064a\u062a \u0643\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u064a\u0646
\n\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0642\u0641\u0629
\n[45]<\/a><\/sup>.
\n\u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0633\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0627\u064b \u0630\u0627 \u062d\u062f\u064a\u0646: \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0647\u0629\u060c \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u062a\u0645\u0646\u0639 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0651\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u062f\u0627\u062f
\n\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0642 \u0648\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062b\u064a \u0628\u064a\u062f \u0623\u0633\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0630\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0641\u062a\u062d\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0645\u0648\u064a\u0629
\n\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0634 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0635\u0631\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0647\u060c \u0648\u062c\u0639\u0644\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0631\u0647\u064a\u0646\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0634\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646
\n\u0641\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0633\u0629.\n<\/p>\n

\n\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0648\u0637 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0634\u0624\u0648\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0628\u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a \u064a\u064f\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0628\u0640”\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628
\n\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643\u064a” (Officium Palatinum)\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0647\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u062d\u0627\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c
\n\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a \u062a\u0636\u0645\u0651 \u0637\u064a\u0641\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0634\u0624\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0634
\n\u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0628\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629
\n[46]<\/a><\/sup>.
\n\u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u0649 \u0628\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0643\u0628\u0627\u0631
\n\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0642\u0641\u0629 \u064a\u064f\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0628\u0640”\u0641\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643” \u0623\u0648 “\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0627 \u0631\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0627” (Aula Regia). \u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649
\n\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0639\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0642\u064f\u0633\u0651\u0645\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0637\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0643\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 “\u062f\u0648\u0642”
\n\u0623\u0648 “\u0643\u0648\u0646\u062a” \u0623\u0648 “\u0642\u0627\u0636\u064d” \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0651\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643\u060c \u062a\u0628\u0639\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u062d\u062c\u0645\u0647\u0627
\n[47]<\/a><\/sup>.\n<\/p>\n

\n\u0623\u0636\u0627\u0641\u062a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639 \u0637\u0644\u064a\u0637\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064f\u0639\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u064a\u0627\u064b \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0647 \u0646\u0638\u064a\u0631 \u064a\u064f\u0630\u0643\u0631 \u0641\u064a
\n\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0643 \u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0631\u0629. \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639 \u062a\u0646\u0639\u0642\u062f \u0628\u0635\u0641\u0629 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0645\u0629
\n\u0637\u0644\u064a\u0637\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0648\u064a\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0642\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0634\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645
\n\u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0639
\n[48]<\/a><\/sup>.
\n\u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u062f\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u062d\u062a\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0642\u0648\u0633 \u0648\u0627\u0646\u0636\u0628\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0631\u0648\u0633\u060c
\n\u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u062f\u0646\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643 \u0648\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642\u0647
\n\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629. \u0639\u064f\u0642\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649
\n\u0633\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0639\u0634\u0631 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064b \u0637\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062f\u0633 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062f\u064a\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0641\u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u0643\u0631\u0629
\n\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u062f\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0633\u0644\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643
\n\u0648\u0646\u0641\u0648\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0646\u064a\u0633\u0629.\n<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629<\/h2>\n

\n\u0634\u0643\u0651\u0644\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0634\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0648\u0637\u064a \u0637\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629
\n[49]<\/a><\/sup>.
\n\u0639\u0627\u0634 \u0645\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0631\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0641\u0631\u0642\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0632\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0628\u0648\u0628
\n\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0645\u062d \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0648\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0632\u064a\u062a\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0641\u0636\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0646 \u0631\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u063a\u0646\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0632 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0634\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a
\n\u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u062b\u0631\u0648\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0634\u0623\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0648\u0637\u064a. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0648\u0635\u0641 \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0631\u0629
\n\u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0628 \u0648\u0635\u0641\u0627\u064b \u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0625\u0630 \u0623\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0646
\n\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0632\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0628\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0644 \u0642\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u063a\u0648\u0637\u064a\u0629
\n[50]<\/a><\/sup>\u060c
\n\u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0639\u0646 \u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0631\u064a\u0641\u064a \u0645\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0648\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0641\u064d \u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629.\n<\/p>\n

\n\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0635\u0639\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0637\u0644\u064a\u0637\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0645\u0629 \u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u0648\u0635\u0644 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0647\u0645\u0629 \u062a\u0631\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0642
\n\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0627
\n[51]<\/a><\/sup>.
\n\u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0631\u0628\u0637 \u0637\u0644\u064a\u0637\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0628\u0631\u0642\u0629 (\u0628\u0631\u0634\u0644\u0648\u0646\u0629) \u0648\u0642\u064a\u0635\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u063a\u0633\u0637\u0627 (\u0633\u0631\u0642\u0633\u0637\u0629)
\n\u0648\u0625\u0634\u0628\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u064a\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0627. \u0648\u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062f\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0645\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0638 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0648\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0637\u0648\u0631\u062a
\n\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0633\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0628\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0643\u0632 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0647\u0628\u064a\u0629
\n[52]<\/a><\/sup>.
\n\u0648\u0642\u062f \u0643\u0634\u0641\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0648\u0637\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0633\u0643\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0646
\n\u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0642\u064a\u062f \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u064a\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0628\u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645
\n\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629.\n<\/p>\n

\n\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0648\u0637\u064a \u064a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u061b \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0645\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a
\n\u0623\u0631\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0651\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0648\u0637 \u0648\u0643\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0631\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0648\u0627 \u0628\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0627\u062a
\n\u0642\u0636\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0647\u0645 \u0648\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0645. \u062b\u0645 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631
\n(\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0648\u0641\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0640”Ingenui”) \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u064a\u0624\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629
\n\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643. \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0639 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0641\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0632\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636 (Coloni) \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u064a\u062f
\n\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0627 \u064a\u064f\u0634\u0643\u0651\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u062c\u0632\u0621\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629
\n[53]<\/a><\/sup>.
\n\u0648\u0642\u062f \u0623\u0633\u0628\u063a \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0643\u0627\u0645 \u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0651\u062f \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0643\u0644 \u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629
\n\u0648\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0628\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0643\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0647\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0642\u0628\u0644\u0647 \u0628\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0636\u0648\u062d \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0635\u064a\u0644.\n<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646\u0648\u0646<\/h2>\n

\n\u0623\u0646\u062a\u062c\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0648\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u0636\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0631\u0648\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0637\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0645\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u064a\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0631\u0648\u062b\u0627\u062a
\n\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u064a\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629. \u0641\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0635\u0639\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0629\u060c
\n\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0646\u0627\u0626\u0633 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0634\u0622\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0648\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639 \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0648\u064a\u0629
\n(\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0633 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062d\u062f\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0646)\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0633\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0631\u0632\u0629 \u0633\u062a\u063a\u062f\u0648 \u0644\u0627\u062d\u0642\u0627\u064b \u0625\u062d\u062f\u0649
\n\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0636\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0629
\n[54]<\/a><\/sup>.
\n\u0648\u062a\u064f\u0639\u062f\u0651 \u0643\u0646\u064a\u0633\u0629 \u0633\u0627\u0646 \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0633 (San Juan de Ba\u00f1os de Cerrato) \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0634\u064f\u064a\u0651\u062f\u062a
\n\u0641\u064a \u0639\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643 \u0631\u0633\u064a\u0633\u0648\u064a\u0646\u062a \u0639\u0627\u0645 661 \u0645\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646\u0636\u062c \u0646\u0645\u0627\u0630\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0648\u0637\u064a\u0629
\n\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0637\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0631\u062e\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0645\u0644
\n[55]<\/a><\/sup>.\n<\/p>\n

\n\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0635\u0639\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0634\u062a\u064f\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0648\u0637 \u0628\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0646\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u064a
\n\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u063a\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0647\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0642\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645\u060c \u062e\u0635\u0648\u0635\u0627\u064b \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0628\u0648\u0644\u0627 (Fibula)\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0623\u0628\u0632\u064a\u0645 \u0623\u0648
\n\u0645\u0634\u0628\u0643 \u064a\u064f\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0644\u062a\u062b\u0628\u064a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0628\u0633\u060c \u062a\u0641\u0646\u0651\u0646 \u0635\u0627\u0646\u0639\u0648\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0639 \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0631\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u0635\u0639\u0629
\n\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u062c\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0648\u0646\u0629. \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0628\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0648\u0627\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062b\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0639 \u0643\u0646\u0632 \u063a\u0648\u0627\u0631\u0627\u0632\u0627\u0631
\n(Guarrazar)\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0627\u0643\u062a\u064f\u0634\u0641 \u0642\u0631\u0628 \u0637\u0644\u064a\u0637\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0636\u0645 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0647\u0628\u064a\u0629
\n\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0635\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u062c\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0624\u0644\u0624 \u0648\u0642\u0637\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u062c\u064a\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0648\u0646\u060c \u062a\u0639\u0648\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0639
\n\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062f\u064a
\n[56]<\/a><\/sup>.
\n\u0648\u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0645\u062d\u0641\u0648\u0638\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062a\u062d\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a \u0628\u0645\u062f\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0648\u0645\u062a\u062d\u0641 \u0643\u0644\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0628\u0628\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0633\u060c \u0648\u062a\u064f\u0639\u062f\u0651
\n\u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062b\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062b\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0643\u0631\u0629.\n<\/p>\n

\n\u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0635\u0639\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631\u060c \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0623\u0633\u0647\u0645\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0648\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0632 \u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0623\u062f\u0628\u0627\u0621
\n\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0647\u0648\u062a\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0631\u0632\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u0648\u0627 \u0628\u0635\u0645\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a. \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u0628\u0631\u0632\u0647\u0645 \u0628\u0644\u0627 \u0634\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0633
\n\u0625\u064a\u0632\u064a\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0628\u064a\u0644\u064a (Isidore of Seville)\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0634 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u064e\u064a 560 \u0648636 \u0645\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629\u060c
\n\u0648\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0645\u0648\u0633\u0648\u0639\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0647\u064a\u0631\u0629 “\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0648\u0644” (Etymologiae)\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062c\u0645\u0639\u062a \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0627\u062d\u0629
\n\u0641\u064a \u0639\u0635\u0631\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0634\u062a\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0622\u062f\u0627\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0647\u0648\u062a
\n[57]<\/a><\/sup>.
\n\u0648\u0642\u062f \u0638\u0644\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0633\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0627 \u0637\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0649\u060c
\n\u0648\u062a\u064f\u0639\u062f\u0651 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0629.\n<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0642\u0633\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0646\u0647\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0629<\/h2>\n

\n\u0628\u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062f\u064a\u060c \u0628\u062f\u0623\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0642\u0642\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0633\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629
\n\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0648\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0642\u0644\u0642\u0629. \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u063a\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0648\u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649
\n\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0634 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0643\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629\u061b \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0644\u0642\u064a \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0632\u064a\u063a\u0648\u0637 \u062d\u062a\u0641\u0647\u0645
\n\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u064a\u062f\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0647\u0645 \u0623\u0648 \u062d\u0631\u0633\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a \u0623\u0648 \u0643\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0629\u060c \u062d\u062a\u0649
\n\u063a\u062f\u0627 \u0627\u063a\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643 \u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629\u064b \u0645\u062a\u0643\u0631\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0644\u0642\u0629
\n[58]<\/a><\/sup>.
\n\u0648\u0642\u062f \u062f\u0641\u0639 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0646\u064a\u0633\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0628\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0639 \u0637\u0642\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0632\u064a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0633\u060c
\n\u0628\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0625\u0636\u0641\u0627\u0621 \u0647\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u062f\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643 \u062a\u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u062e\u0637\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u062f\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0628\u0631\u0649 \u0648\u0644\u064a\u0633
\n\u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a.\n<\/p>\n

\n\u0628\u064a\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u064f\u0641\u0644\u062d \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0628\u062d \u062c\u0645\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u062f\u0645. \u0641\u0639\u0644\u0649
\n\u0627\u0645\u062a\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062f\u064a\u060c \u0634\u0647\u062f\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0629
\n\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0637\u0644\u064a\u0637\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0646\u0641\u0630\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a
\n\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u0646\u062a\u0647\u064a \u0628\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0632\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u064f\u0636\u0639\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u064f\u0642\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639\u064a\u064a\u0646
\n[59]<\/a><\/sup>.
\n\u0648\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629\u060c \u0639\u0635\u0641\u062a \u0623\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629
\n\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0634\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0623\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u0648\u064a\u062a\u064a\u0632\u0627
\n(Wittiza) \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0641\u0649 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0639\u0627\u0645 710 \u0645 \u0648\u0641\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0634 \u0631\u0648\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0643 (Rodrigo)
\n[60]<\/a><\/sup>.
\n\u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0642\u0633\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0630\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0631\u062b\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0644\u0646 \u062a\u062a\u0623\u062e\u0631 \u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0627\u064b.\n<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0648\u0633\u0642\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 (711 \u0645)<\/h2>\n

\n\u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 711 \u0645\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0639\u0627\u062f \u062d\u062f\u062b \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0631\u0633\u0645 \u062e\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0629 \u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0627 \u0648\u0641\u062a\u062d \u0641\u0635\u0644\u0627\u064b \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0627\u064b
\n\u0641\u064a \u062d\u0636\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0634\u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0646 \u064a\u0646\u062a\u0647\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 1492 \u0645. \u0641\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u0645\u062f\u0651\u062a
\n\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0633\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0627 \u0628\u0623\u0633\u0631\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u0648\u0651\u0644\u062a \u0642\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0628\u0631
\n\u0627\u0644\u0636\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u062a\u0644\u060c \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0637\u0627\u0631\u0642 \u0628\u0646 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f (Tariq ibn
\nZiyad)\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0637\u0646\u062c\u0629 \u0648\u0642\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0648\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0636\u064a\u0642 \u062c\u0628\u0644 \u0637\u0627\u0631\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0631\u0645\u0636\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0645 92
\n\u0647\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0629 \/ \u0623\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0644 711 \u0645\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0631\u0623\u0633 \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0648\u062d \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0633\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0622\u0644\u0627\u0641
\n\u0648\u0627\u062b\u0646\u064a \u0639\u0634\u0631 \u0623\u0644\u0641 \u062c\u0646\u062f\u064a
\n[61]<\/a><\/sup>.\n<\/p>\n

\n\u062c\u0631\u062a \u0648\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0630\u0647\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0632\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u064f\u062f\u0647\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0631\u062e\u064a\u0646. \u0641\u0641\u064a \u0623\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u064a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0648 711 \u0645\u060c
\n\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0648\u0637\u064a \u0628\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643 \u0631\u0648\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0643 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0632\u0627\u0644
\n\u0645\u062d\u0644\u0651 \u062c\u062f\u0644 \u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0631\u062e\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u064f\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631
\n(Guadalete) \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0628\u062d\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0627 \u062e\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0627
\n[62]<\/a><\/sup>.
\n\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0648\u0637\u064a \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0639\u062f\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0646
\n\u0645\u063a\u0627\u064a\u0631\u0627\u064b \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645\u0627\u064b\u061b \u0625\u0630 \u0627\u0646\u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0634 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0623\u062c\u0646\u062d\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0634\u0647\u062f\u062a \u0623\u062c\u0646\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0633\u0627\u0631
\n\u062e\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0646\u0633\u062d\u0627\u0628\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0628\u0643\u0631\u0627\u064b \u062a\u0631\u0643\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0628\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0631\u0648\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0643 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0629
\n\u0645\u0643\u0634\u0648\u0641\u0629 \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0647\u062c\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0651\u0628\u064a\u0646
\n[63]<\/a><\/sup>.
\n\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0628\u0647\u0632\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0633\u0627\u062d\u0642\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u063a\u0648\u0637\u060c \u0648\u0642\u064f\u062a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643 \u0631\u0648\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u062f\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0634\u062a\u0651\u062a\u062a
\n\u0641\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u062c\u064a\u0634\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0644 \u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647.\n<\/p>\n

\n“\u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0637\u0627\u0631\u0642 \u0628\u0646 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f \u0628\u062c\u064a\u0634\u0647 \u0645\u0636\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0628\u0644\u060c \u0641\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0635\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u0649 \u0648\u0642\u064f\u062a\u0644 \u0645\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0645
\n\u0631\u0630\u0631\u064a\u0642\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0631\u062a \u0628\u0639\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0637 \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0646\u064f\u0632\u0639 \u0645\u0646\u0647 \u062d\u062c\u0631
\n\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633.”
\n\u2014 \u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645\u060c \u0641\u062a\u0648\u062d \u0645\u0635\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u062f\u0644\u0633\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0633\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062f\u064a
\n[64]<\/a><\/sup>
\n<\/strong>\n<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

\n\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0642\u062f\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0648\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0628\u0642\u0649 \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0633\u0643
\n\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a. \u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0637\u0627\u0631\u0642 \u0628\u0646 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0641\u062a\u0648\u062d\u0627\u064b \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0644\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649\u060c
\n\u0641\u0641\u064a \u0623\u063a\u0633\u0637\u0633 711 \u0645 \u062e\u0627\u0636 \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0625\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0627 (\u00c9cija) \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0636\u062f \u0641\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0648\u0637\u064a\u0629
\n\u0648\u0643\u0633\u0628\u0647\u0627
\n[65]<\/a><\/sup>\u060c
\n\u062b\u0645 \u062a\u0648\u062c\u0651\u0647 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0642\u0631\u0637\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0633\u0642\u0637\u062a \u0641\u064a \u064a\u062f\u0647 \u0625\u062b\u0631 \u062d\u0635\u0627\u0631 \u0642\u0635\u064a\u0631 \u0644\u0645\u062f\u0629 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0623\u0634\u0647\u0631
\n[66]<\/a><\/sup>.
\n\u0648\u0641\u064a \u0635\u064a\u0641 \u0639\u0627\u0645 712 \u0645\u060c \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u0633\u0649 \u0628\u0646 \u0646\u0635\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u064a\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0631\u0623\u0633 \u062c\u064a\u0634 \u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631
\n\u064a\u064f\u0642\u062f\u064e\u0651\u0631 \u0628\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0634\u0631 \u0623\u0644\u0641 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u062a\u0644
\n[67]<\/a><\/sup>\u060c
\n\u0641\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0639\u062a \u0648\u062a\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u062d \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0642\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0646. \u0633\u0642\u0637\u062a \u0637\u0644\u064a\u0637\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0635\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0645
\n712 \u0645\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0633\u0642\u0648\u0637\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0649 \u0631\u0645\u0632\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0648\u0641\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0648\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0633\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629\u060c
\n\u0648\u0625\u0646 \u0628\u0642\u064a\u062a \u062c\u064a\u0648\u0628 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0641\u0631\u0642\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0627 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0639\u0627\u0645 718 \u0645 \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628\u0627\u064b.\n<\/p>\n

\n\u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0644\u0641\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0631\u062e\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0641\u062a\u062d \u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f \u0636\u062e\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0648\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0645\u0651 \u0641\u064a
\n\u063a\u0636\u0648\u0646 \u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0639\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0623\u0645\u0631 \u064a\u064f\u0639\u0632\u0649 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0648\u0647\u0631\u0647 \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0625\u0644\u0649
\n\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0648\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0642\u0627\u062f\u062a\u0647\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0647\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a
\n\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u062a\u0639\u064a\u0634\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0642\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u062d\u060c \u0625\u0630 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0627\u0645
\n\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u0636 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u062a\u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u062f\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u0641\u0642\u062f\u0648\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0629
\n\u0628\u0623\u064a \u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0628\u0626\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0631
\n[68]<\/a><\/sup>.\n<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0631\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0636\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u062a\u062f \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0648\u0646<\/h2>\n

\n\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0648\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u062a \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0637\u0644\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062f\u064a\u060c
\n\u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0625\u0631\u062b\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0636\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0646\u0642\u0637\u0639 \u0628\u0644 \u0638\u0644 \u064a\u062a\u062c\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062d \u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0637\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0642\u0629.
\n\u0641\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0639\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0643\u0627\u0645 (Liber Iudiciorum) \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u062d\u062a\u0649
\n\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u060c \u0625\u0630 \u0623\u0628\u0642\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u062d\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u0644\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u064a\u062d\u064a\u064a\u0646
\n(\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0627\u0628) \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u0638\u0644\u0648\u0627 \u064a\u062d\u062a\u0643\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0632\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0642\u0631\u0648\u0646
\n[69]<\/a><\/sup>.
\n\u0648\u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0646\u0637\u0644\u0642\u062a \u0645\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u062b\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0633\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u062f\u0627\u062f (Reconquista)\u060c \u062a\u0645\u0633\u0651\u0643\u062a
\n\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0648\u0637\u064a \u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0634\u0631\u0639\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0648\u0647\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0627\u064b \u064a\u0631\u0628\u0637\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0631\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0636\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u0644\u0644\u0641\u062a\u062d\u060c
\n\u0648\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0651\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 “\u0641\u0648\u064a\u0631\u0648 \u062e\u0648\u0633\u063a\u0648” (Fuero Juzgo)\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u063a\u062f\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0639
\n\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u062a\u063a\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0645\u062a\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u0623\u0633\u0631\u0647\u0627.\n<\/p>\n

\n\u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0635\u0639\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0623\u0628\u0642\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0648\u0637 \u0628\u0635\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062b\u061b
\n\u0641\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0648\u062f \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0630\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649
\n\u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0637\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0631\u0635\u062f\u0647\u0627
\n\u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0648\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u064a\u062a\u062a\u0628\u0639\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0635\u0648\u0644\u0647\u0627
\n[70]<\/a><\/sup>.
\n\u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0635\u0639\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0645\u0632\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u062f\u0651\u0639\u062a \u0645\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u064a\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0628
\n\u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0631\u062b \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0648\u0637\u064a \u062a\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c
\n\u0641\u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0648\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0631\u0645\u0632\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0642\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0629.\n<\/p>\n

\n\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062e\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0631\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062b\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0632\u0627\u0644 \u0634\u0648\u0627\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0636\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0648\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0627\u062b\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639
\n\u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0625\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629\u061b \u0625\u0630 \u062a\u064f\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0642\u0637\u0639 \u0643\u0646\u0632 \u063a\u0648\u0627\u0631\u0627\u0632\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0647\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062a\u062d\u0641
\n\u0627\u0644\u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a \u0628\u0645\u062f\u0631\u064a\u062f\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0637\u0628 \u0622\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0648\u0627\u0631 \u0633\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062b\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0632
\n\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062b\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0629
\n[71]<\/a><\/sup>.
\n\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0636\u0646 \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0637\u0644\u064a\u0637\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u062d\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0648\u0637\u064a\u0629 (Museo de los Concilios
\ny de la Cultura Visigoda)\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0633\u0643\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0646\u064a\u0633\u0629 \u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0631\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062b\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u064a\u0639\u0631\u0636
\n\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0646\u0641\u064a\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0648\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629
\n[72]<\/a><\/sup>.
\n\u0648\u0628\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0628\u0642\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0631\u062b \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0648\u0637\u064a \u062d\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0634\u0627\u0647\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0636\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0645\u062a\u062f\u062a \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0642\u0631\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0623\u0633\u0647\u0645\u062a \u0641\u064a
\n\u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0637\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0631\u0643\u062a \u0628\u0635\u0645\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u064f\u0645\u062d\u0649 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646
\n\u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0645\u0639\u0627\u064b.\n<\/p>\n

\n

 <\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u062c\u0631\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u0643\u0645\u062a \u0625\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0642\u0631\u0648\u0646<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":2907,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[156,165],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2906","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-al-tarikh","category-al-duwal-wal-imbaraturiyat"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/cosmalore.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2906","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/cosmalore.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/cosmalore.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cosmalore.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cosmalore.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2906"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/cosmalore.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2906\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2910,"href":"https:\/\/cosmalore.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2906\/revisions\/2910"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cosmalore.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/2907"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/cosmalore.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2906"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cosmalore.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2906"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cosmalore.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2906"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}