{"id":2903,"date":"2026-06-14T13:12:32","date_gmt":"2026-06-14T09:42:32","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/cosmalore.com\/ar\/?p=2903"},"modified":"2026-06-14T13:12:32","modified_gmt":"2026-06-14T09:42:32","slug":"%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ad%d8%b1%d8%a8-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a3%d9%87%d9%84%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b1%d9%88%d8%b3%d9%8a%d8%a9","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/cosmalore.com\/ar\/wiki\/%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ad%d8%b1%d8%a8-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a3%d9%87%d9%84%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b1%d9%88%d8%b3%d9%8a%d8%a9\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0629"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>\n\u062a\u064f\u0645\u062b\u0651\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0629 (1917-1922\u0645) \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0623\u0636\u062e\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a 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\u0628\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0648\u0639\u064a\u0648\u0628\u0647 \u0648\u0642\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0635\u0631 \u0646\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0639\u0627\u0626\u0644\u062a\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u064a\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0631\u0648\u0633\u064a \u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0639\u062f \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647.<br \/>\n<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/event\/Russian-Civil-War\" title=\"1|Russian Civil War|Encyclopaedia Britannica|2026\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[1]<\/a><\/sup>\n<\/p>\n<div class=\"infobox\">\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr class=\"ib-sec\">\n<td colspan=\"2\">\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 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class=\"ib-val\">\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0637\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u2014 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0642 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u064a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u062f\u0626<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"ib-row\">\n<td class=\"ib-label\">\u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629<\/td>\n<td class=\"ib-val\">\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0634\u0641\u064a \u2014 \u062a\u0623\u0633\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0641\u064a\u062a\u064a (1922\u0645)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"ib-sec\">\n<td colspan=\"2\">\u0623\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0632\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"ib-row\">\n<td 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class=\"ib-val\">\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0641\u0644\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0629 \u0631\u0641\u0636\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0646<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"ib-row\">\n<td class=\"ib-label\">\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u062f (\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0636\u0648\u064a\u0648\u0646)<\/td>\n<td class=\"ib-val\">\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0646\u064a\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u0627\u062e\u0646\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0636\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0648\u0643\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"ib-row\">\n<td class=\"ib-label\">\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0646\u0628\u064a<\/td>\n<td class=\"ib-val\">\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u0627\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639 \u0639\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"ib-sec\">\n<td colspan=\"2\">\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0648\u0646<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"ib-row\">\n<td class=\"ib-label\">\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0631<\/td>\n<td class=\"ib-val\">\u0641\u0644\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u0644\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u062a\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0633\u0643\u064a (\u0645\u0641\u0648\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628)\u060c \u0645\u064a\u062e\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644 \u0641\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0632\u0647<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"ib-row\">\n<td class=\"ib-label\">\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0636<\/td>\n<td class=\"ib-val\">\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0633\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0631 \u0643\u0648\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0643 (\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649)\u060c \u0623\u0646\u0637\u0648\u0646 \u062f\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0646\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a \u064a\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0646\u064a\u062a\u0634\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0648\u062a\u0631 \u0641\u0631\u0627\u0646\u063a\u0644<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"ib-row\">\n<td class=\"ib-label\">\u0642\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0636\u0648\u064a\u064a\u0646<\/td>\n<td class=\"ib-val\">\u0646\u064a\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u0627\u062e\u0646\u0648 (\u0632\u0639\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0636\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0643\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"ib-sec\">\n<td colspan=\"2\">\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0631<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"ib-row\">\n<td class=\"ib-label\">\u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0645\u0631 (\u0630\u0631\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628)<\/td>\n<td class=\"ib-val\">5 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u062c\u0646\u062f\u064a<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"ib-row\">\n<td class=\"ib-label\">\u062c\u064a\u0648\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0636 (\u0625\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a)<\/td>\n<td class=\"ib-val\">~500,000 \u0625\u0644\u0649 800,000 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u062a\u0644<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"ib-row\">\n<td class=\"ib-label\">\u0625\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0636\u062d\u0627\u064a\u0627<\/td>\n<td class=\"ib-val\">7 \u0625\u0644\u0649 12 \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646 (\u0642\u062a\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0623\u0648\u0628\u0626\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0639\u0629)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"ib-row\">\n<td class=\"ib-label\">\u0636\u062d\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0631\u0647\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0645\u0631<\/td>\n<td class=\"ib-val\">250,000 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0645\u0626\u0629 \u0623\u0644\u0641 (\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u0628\u0627\u064a\u0646\u0629)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"ib-row\">\n<td class=\"ib-label\">\u0636\u062d\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0639\u0629 1921-22<\/td>\n<td class=\"ib-val\">~5 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0634\u062e\u0635<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"ib-row\">\n<td class=\"ib-label\">\u0623\u0637\u0641\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0648\u0627\u0631\u0639 (1922\u0645)<\/td>\n<td class=\"ib-val\">~7 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0637\u0641\u0644 \u0628\u0644\u0627 \u0645\u0623\u0648\u0649<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<div class=\"ib-foot\">COSMALORE \u00b7 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0633\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h2 id=\"koz-h-0\">\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a<\/h2>\n<h3 id=\"koz-h-1\">\u0631\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0632\u0645\u0627\u062a<\/h3>\n<p>\n\u0644\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u0628\u062f\u0651 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0639\u0627\u0628 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0647\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u062c\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u062a\u0639\u064a\u0634\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0637\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646. \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0631\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0647\u062f \u0646\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a (1894-1917\u0645) \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629\u064b \u0634\u0627\u0633\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062c\u0627\u0621 \u064a\u0633\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0645\u0626\u0629 \u0648\u062e\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0646\u0633\u0645\u0629\u060c \u062a\u0639\u064a\u0634 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0639\u0638\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u062a \u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0646\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0634\u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u064f\u0644\u063a\u064e \u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1861\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0621\u064e \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a\u064e\u0651 \u0625\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d\u064c \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a \u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a \u064a\u0645\u0646\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0631\u0636\u0627\u064b \u0643\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0641\u0631\u0635\u0627\u064b \u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u062f \u0648\u0635\u0644\u062a \u0631\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0627 \u0645\u062a\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0628\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0636\u0637\u0631\u0628\u0629\u060c \u0645\u064f\u0646\u062a\u062c\u0629\u064b \u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u0636\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0628\u0627\u0626\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u063a\u064a\u0627\u0628 \u0634\u0628\u0647 \u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629.<br \/>\n<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.worldhistory.org\/Russian_Civil_War\/\" title=\"2|Russian Civil War|World History Encyclopedia|2025\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[2]<\/a><\/sup><br \/>\n\u0643\u0634\u0641\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0632\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0630\u0644\u0651\u0629 \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0631\u0628 1904-1905\u0645 \u0639\u0646 \u0639\u0645\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0632\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0634\u0639\u0644\u062a \u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629 1905\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u062c\u0628\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0635\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u062f\u0648\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0639\u064a\u060c \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0623\u0628\u0642\u0649 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0628\u0644\u0627 \u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u062d\u064a\u0646 \u062f\u062e\u0644\u062a \u0631\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1914\u0645\u060c \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0643\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0636\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0641\u062c\u0651\u0631\u0629: \u062c\u064a\u0634 \u0636\u062e\u0645 \u064a\u0641\u062a\u0642\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0644\u064a\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0648\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0643\u0641\u0624\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0634\u0639\u0628 \u064a\u0626\u0646\u0651 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0648\u0646\u0642\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0630\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0648\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0642\u064a\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u062b\u0628\u062a\u062a \u0639\u062c\u0632\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u0645. \u0648\u064a\u064f\u0642\u062f\u064e\u0651\u0631 \u0623\u0646 \u0631\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0627 \u0641\u0642\u062f\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0633\u0628\u0639\u0645\u0626\u0629 \u0623\u0644\u0641 \u0648\u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0642\u062a\u064a\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u062f\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062f\u0647\u0648\u0631\u062a \u062d\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062f\u0647\u0648\u0631\u0627\u064b \u062d\u0627\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0644\u063a \u0630\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0636\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0639 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1917\u0645.<br \/>\n<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ebsco.com\/research-starters\/history\/russian-civil-war\" title=\"3|Russian Civil War|EBSCO Research Starters|2024\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[3]<\/a><\/sup>\n<\/p>\n<h3 id=\"koz-h-2\">\u062b\u0648\u0631\u062a\u0627 \u0641\u0628\u0631\u0627\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0623\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0628\u0631: \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646<\/h3>\n<p>\n\u0641\u064a \u0641\u0628\u0631\u0627\u064a\u0631 1917\u0645\u060c \u0627\u0646\u0641\u062c\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0634\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0641\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u062a\u0631\u0648\u063a\u0631\u0627\u062f (\u0633\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0628\u0637\u0631\u0633\u0628\u0631\u063a) \u0628\u062f\u0623\u062a \u0628\u0627\u062d\u062a\u062c\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0642\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0628\u0632\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0627 \u0644\u0628\u062b\u062a \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u0648\u0651\u0644\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0645\u0631\u062f \u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0646\u0636\u0645\u062a \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0634 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u062c\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u062f\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0645\u0639\u0647\u0645. \u0623\u0628\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0635\u0631 \u0646\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u0627\u062f\u0647\u064f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0647\u0648\u062f\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647 \u0627\u0636\u0637\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633 1917\u0645 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0632\u0644 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0634\u060c \u0645\u064f\u0646\u0647\u064a\u0627\u064b \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0642\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0623\u0633\u0631\u0629 \u0631\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0641. \u0623\u0633\u0651\u0633\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062e\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0639\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0647\u0627 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\u0645\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0645\u064d. \u0642\u0631\u0651\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0634\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0634\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u2014 \u00ab\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0628\u0632\u00bb \u2014 \u062a\u0643\u062a\u0633\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u0646\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0643\u0646\u0627\u062a.<br \/>\n<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.academicblock.com\/history\/world-war-1\/russian-civil-war\" title=\"4|Russian Civil War: Origin, Causes &amp; Summary|Academic Block|2025\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[4]<\/a><\/sup><br \/>\n\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0645\u0633 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0628\u0631 1917\u0645 (\u0648\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0648\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645)\u060c \u0646\u0641\u0651\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u0634\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0646\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0628\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u062d \u0628\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u062e\u0627\u0637\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0629: \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0641\u0642 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\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u062a\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0633\u0643\u064a \u0628\u0648\u0635\u0641\u0647 \u0645\u0641\u0648\u0651\u0636\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0648\u0639\u0628\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0627\u064b \u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0646\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0645\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0634\u0628\u0647 \u0644\u0627 \u0634\u064a\u0621: \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0636\u0628\u0627\u0637 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0635\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u2014 \u0645\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632\u0627\u064b \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0641\u0651\u0638\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u2014 \u0648\u0641\u0631\u0636 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0644\u0634\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0635\u0627\u0631\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0648\u0636\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064f\u0631\u0627\u0641\u0642\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629.<br \/>\n<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ebsco.com\/research-starters\/history\/russian-civil-war\" title=\"3|Russian Civil War|EBSCO Research Starters|2024\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[3]<\/a><\/sup><br \/>\n\u0648\u0641\u064a \u063a\u0636\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0634\u0647\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0633\u0642\u0648\u0637 1918\u0645\u060c \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0645\u0631 \u064a\u0636\u0645\u0651 300,000 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u062a\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0642\u062f \u0646\u0645\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062e\u0645\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u062c\u0646\u062f\u064a. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0637\u0628\u0651\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u0634\u0641\u0629 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u00ab\u0634\u064a\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628\u00bb (War Communism) \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0628\u0648\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0642\u0633\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0625\u0637\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0634 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0645\u0645\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0623\u062e\u0636\u0639\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0643\u0644\u0647 \u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u2014 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0623\u0646\u062a\u062c\u062a \u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0643\u0627\u0631\u062b\u0629 \u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0627\u062d\u0642\u0629.\n<\/p>\n<h3 id=\"koz-h-5\">\u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u064a\u0636: \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0628\u0644\u0627 \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639<\/h3>\n<p>\n\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u00ab\u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u064a\u0636\u00bb \u062a\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0629\u064b \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0623\u064f\u0637\u0644\u0642\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0641 \u0641\u0636\u0641\u0627\u0636 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0627\u062a\u062d\u062f\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0636\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u0634\u0641\u0629 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062a\u0641\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0647 \u0628\u062f\u064a\u0644\u0627\u064b. \u0636\u0645\u0651 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0635\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0644\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0633\u060c \u0648\u0636\u0628\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0635\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0649\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0632\u0627\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628 \u0631\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0633\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u0642\u0627\u062a\u0644\u0648\u0627 \u0623\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u064b \u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644. \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u063a\u064a\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0624\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062d\u0651\u062f\u0629 \u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u0636\u0639\u0641 \u0642\u0627\u062a\u0644\u0629: \u0641\u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0634\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u064e\u0639\u0650\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u0646\u0639\u060c \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u064a\u0636 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0631\u0636\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0624\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0633\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u062b\u0627\u0631\u0648\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647. \u0628\u0644 \u0625\u0646 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0636 \u062a\u0635\u0631\u0641\u0648\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0633\u064a\u0637\u0631\u0648\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u062c\u0639\u0644\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u064f\u0641\u0636\u0651\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u0634\u0641\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0633\u0648\u0629 \u00ab\u0634\u064a\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628\u00bb: \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0645\u0644\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0639\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0636\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0637\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0636\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0631\u062a \u062d\u0648\u0627\u062f\u062b \u0646\u0647\u0628 \u0648\u0639\u0646\u0641 \u0637\u0627\u0644\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u064a\u0646.<br \/>\n<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.worldhistory.org\/Russian_Civil_War\/\" title=\"2|Russian Civil War|World History Encyclopedia|2025\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[2]<\/a><\/sup><br \/>\n\u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0639\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0636 \u0645\u062a\u0641\u0631\u0651\u0642\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0628\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0634\u0627\u0633\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u062a\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0642 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f: \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0633\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0631 \u0643\u0648\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0643 \u064a\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0628\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0633\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0631\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u0646\u0637\u0648\u0646 \u062f\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0642\u0648\u062f \u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628 \u0631\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0631\u0627\u0644 \u0646\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a \u064a\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0646\u064a\u062a\u0634 \u064a\u064f\u0647\u062f\u0651\u062f \u0628\u062a\u0631\u0648\u063a\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0631\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u064a\u0648\u062a\u0631 \u0641\u0631\u0627\u0646\u063a\u0644 \u064a\u062a\u062d\u0635\u0651\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0634\u0628\u0647 \u062c\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0645. \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0648\u0634 \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062e\u0637\u0648\u0637 \u0625\u0645\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0647\u0634\u0651\u0629 \u062a\u0645\u062a\u062f \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0634\u0627\u0633\u0639\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u0651\u0645\u062a \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0642\u0644\u0628 \u0631\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0627 \u062a\u0645\u062f\u0651\u062f\u062a \u062e\u0637\u0648\u0637\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u062a\u0643\u062b\u0651\u0641\u062a \u0647\u0634\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0636\u0631\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644.<br \/>\n<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.historyhit.com\/facts-about-the-russian-civil-war\/\" title=\"5|10 Facts About the Russian Civil War|History Hit|2022\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[5]<\/a><\/sup>\n<\/p>\n<h3 id=\"koz-h-6\">\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0629: \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0636\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0628\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629<\/h3>\n<p>\n\u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0634\u062f \u062a\u0639\u0642\u064a\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0633\u064a\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u00ab\u0623\u062d\u0645\u0631 \u0636\u062f \u0623\u0628\u064a\u0636\u00bb \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u064f\u062e\u062a\u0632\u0644 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627. \u0641\u062b\u0645\u0629 \u0637\u0631\u0641 \u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u064a\u064f\u0639\u0631\u064e\u0641 \u0628\u0640\u00ab\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0636\u0631\u00bb \u2014 \u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0641\u0644\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0631\u0641\u0636\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u0634\u0641\u0629 \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0628\u0648\u0628\u060c \u0648\u0631\u0641\u0636\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0622\u0646\u064d \u0645\u0639\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062c\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0636 \u2014 \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u064a\u0637\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0631\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u064a\u0634\u0646\u0651\u0648\u0646 \u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0639\u0635\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0646. \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0646\u064a\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u0627\u062e\u0646\u0648 (Nestor Makhno) \u064a\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0648\u0643\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627 \u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629\u064b \u0641\u0648\u0636\u0648\u064a\u0629\u064b \u0645\u0633\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u2014 \u00ab\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u062f\u00bb \u2014 \u0628\u0644\u063a\u062a \u0630\u0631\u0648\u0629 \u0642\u0648\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0626\u0629 \u0623\u0644\u0641 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u062a\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u062a\u062a\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0641 \u062d\u064a\u0646\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u0634\u0641\u0629 \u0636\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0636 \u062b\u0645 \u062a\u0646\u0642\u0644\u0628 \u0636\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u0634\u0641\u0629 \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0641\u0631\u063a\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0636. \u0641\u0636\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0642\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u063a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0627\u063a \u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627: \u0623\u0648\u0643\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0642\u0627\u0632 \u0648\u0641\u0646\u0644\u0646\u062f\u0627 \u0648\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0642 \u0648\u0628\u0648\u0644\u0646\u062f\u0627 \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0645\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0629\u064b \u0645\u062a\u0634\u0639\u0651\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0648\u0642\u062a \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f.<br \/>\n<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/theconflictarchive.com\/conflict\/russian-civil-war\" title=\"6|Russian Civil War|The Conflict Archive|2026\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[6]<\/a><\/sup>\n<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"koz-h-7\">\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0646\u0628\u064a<\/h2>\n<p>\n\u0641\u064a \u0623\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0644 1918\u0645\u060c \u0634\u0631\u0639\u062a \u0642\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0623\u062c\u0646\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639 \u0639\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u062d \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0627 \u0623\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0634\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u062b\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0648\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0623\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062b\u0631\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631. \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0639 \u0645\u062a\u0628\u0627\u064a\u0646\u0629: \u0628\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0627 \u0642\u0644\u0642\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0646\u0633\u062d\u0627\u0628 \u0631\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0647\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0631\u0633\u062a-\u0644\u064a\u062a\u0648\u0641\u0633\u0643 (\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633 1918\u0645) \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u0639\u0637\u062a \u0623\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0647\u0627\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0627 \u062a\u0633\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0641\u0639\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0628\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0648\u0641\u0645\u0628\u0631 1918\u0645\u060c \u062a\u062d\u0648\u0651\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0641\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u0644\u0642 \u0623\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u062a\u0633\u0639\u0649 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0635\u0649\u060c \u0641\u0623\u0631\u0633\u0644\u062a \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0646\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u062f\u062f\u0627\u064b \u2014 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0633\u0628\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0644\u0641 \u062c\u0646\u062f\u064a.<br \/>\n<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/event\/Russian-Civil-War\/Foreign-intervention\" title=\"7|Russian Civil War: Foreign Intervention|Encyclopaedia Britannica|2026\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[7]<\/a><\/sup><br \/>\n\u0648\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u0634\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0646\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0627\u064b \u062f\u0639\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0644\u064a\u063a\u0627\u064b: \u0635\u0648\u0651\u0631\u0648\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0628\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0635\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0627\u064b \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0644 \u0647\u062c\u0648\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0631\u0623\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u064b \u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0628 \u0641\u0639\u0651\u0627\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0634\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0637\u0641 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\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0621 \u0623\u0645\u0636\u062a \u0645\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u0648\u0642\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u064f\u062d\u062f\u062b \u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0627\u064b \u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0627\u064b. \u0627\u0646\u0633\u062d\u0628\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u064e\u064a 1919-1920\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0633\u062d\u0628\u062a \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0622\u062e\u0631 \u062c\u0646\u0648\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0641\u0644\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0641\u0648\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0628\u0631 1922\u0645.\n<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"koz-h-8\">\u0645\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628<\/h2>\n<h3 id=\"koz-h-9\">\u0639\u0627\u0645 1918: \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629<\/h3>\n<p>\n\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1918\u0645 \u0623\u0634\u062f \u0623\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u062e\u0637\u0648\u0631\u0629\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u0634\u0641\u0629. \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0627\u064a\u0648 1918\u0645\u060c \u0623\u0634\u0639\u0644 \u0641\u064a\u0644\u0642 \u062a\u0634\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0641\u0627\u0643\u064a\u0627 \u0634\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628: \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0644\u0642 \u064a\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0651\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0633\u0631\u0649 \u062d\u0631\u0628 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\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0648\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0643 \u064a\u064f\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0633\u064a\u0637\u0631\u062a\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0646\u064a\u062a\u0634 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0648\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629.<br \/>\n<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/event\/Russian-Civil-War\" title=\"1|Russian Civil War|Encyclopaedia Britannica|2026\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[1]<\/a><\/sup><br \/>\n\u0648\u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0623\u0632\u0648\u0645\u060c \u062c\u0627\u0621 \u062d\u0627\u062f\u062b\u064c \u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629: \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u062a\u062f\u0629 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\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0651 \u2014 \u0642\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0636 \u062b\u0645 \u0627\u0646\u0647\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0645<\/h3>\n<p>\n\u0628\u0644\u063a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u064a\u0636 \u0630\u0631\u0648\u0629 \u0642\u0648\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1919\u0645 \u062b\u0645 \u0627\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0646\u0647\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0645\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0627\u064b. \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642\u060c \u062a\u0642\u062f\u0651\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0644 \u0643\u0648\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u0634\u062a\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0639 1919\u0645 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u062c\u0628\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u062d\u0642\u0642\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0644 1919\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0633\u062a\u0629 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0639 \u0633\u064a\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0633\u0643\u0648. \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062c\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0646\u0637\u0644\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0645\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0632\u0639 \u0645\u0646\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0646\u0633\u062d\u0628 \u0643\u0648\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0643 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0633\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639 \u062a\u062d\u0648\u0651\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0646\u0647\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0642\u0647 \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0631\u062a\u064a\u0632\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0637\u0641\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0647\u0645. \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628\u060c \u0648\u0635\u0644 \u062f\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0628\u0631 1919\u0645 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0623\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0648\u0644 \u2014 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0626\u0629 \u0643\u064a\u0644\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0633\u0643\u0648 \u2014 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0642\u0631\u0628 \u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u0648\u0635\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u064a\u064c\u0651 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0648\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0641\u064a\u062a\u064a. \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0643\u0646 \u064a\u0645\u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645\u060c \u0641\u0634\u0646\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0645\u0631 \u0647\u062c\u0648\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0636\u0627\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0623\u0637\u0627\u062d \u0628\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0647 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0639.<br \/>\n<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.historyhit.com\/facts-about-the-russian-civil-war\/\" title=\"5|10 Facts About the Russian Civil War|History Hit|2022\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[5]<\/a><\/sup><br \/>\n\u0648\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u060c \u0647\u062f\u0651\u062f \u064a\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0646\u064a\u062a\u0634 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0628\u0631 1919\u0645 \u0628\u062a\u0631\u0648\u063a\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0630\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0623\u0648\u0634\u0643 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u062a\u0644\u0648\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0631\u0624\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0628\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u064a\u0644\u0627\u064b \u2014 \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0633\u0643\u064a \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647 \u062a\u0648\u062c\u0651\u0647 \u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0642\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u062f\u0631\u0651\u0639 \u0648\u0646\u0638\u0651\u0645 \u062f\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0645\u0624\u0643\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0623\u0646 \u0628\u062a\u0631\u0648\u063a\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0644\u0646 \u062a\u0633\u0642\u0637. \u062f\u064f\u062d\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u064a\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0646\u064a\u062a\u0634 \u0628\u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u0646\u0648\u0641\u0645\u0628\u0631. \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0634\u0647\u062f \u0639\u0627\u0645 1919\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a: \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0636 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0642\u0635\u0649 \u0645\u062f\u0651\u0647\u0645\u060c \u062b\u0645 \u0623\u0642\u0635\u0649 \u062c\u0632\u0631\u0647\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0631 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u0639\u064a\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0632\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a.\n<\/p>\n<h3 id=\"koz-h-12\">1920-1922: \u062a\u0635\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0636\u0645\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0641<\/h3>\n<p>\n\u0628\u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1920\u0645\u060c \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0634\u0628\u0647 \u0645\u062d\u0633\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0648\u0625\u0646 \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u064f\u0639\u0644\u064e\u0646 \u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0627\u064b. \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0633\u0644\u0645\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062f\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u062e\u0644\u0641\u0647 \u0641\u0631\u0627\u0646\u063a\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0623\u064f\u062c\u0644\u064a\u062a \u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0641\u0644\u0648\u0644 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\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0641\u064a\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628. \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0642\u062f \u0634\u0647\u062f \u0639\u0627\u0645 1920\u0645 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u064b \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0641\u064a\u062a\u064a\u0629-\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0644\u0646\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u062a \u0628\u0647\u0632\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0641\u064a\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0642\u0648\u0627\u062a \u062c\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0641 \u0628\u064a\u0644\u0633\u0648\u062f\u0633\u0643\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0648\u060c \u0645\u062d\u0631\u0648\u0645\u0629\u064b \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u0634\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0645 \u0628\u062a\u0635\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629. \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a 1920-1922\u0645\u060c \u062d\u0648\u0651\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0645\u0631 \u062c\u0647\u0648\u062f\u0647 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0625\u062e\u0636\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0641: \u0623\u0631\u0645\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0623\u0630\u0631\u0628\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0642\u0627\u0632\u060c \u0648\u0622\u0633\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0649\u060c \u0648\u0633\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0627. \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0623\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0628\u0631 1922\u0645\u060c \u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0645\u0631 \u0641\u0644\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0641\u0648\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0643 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0646\u0633\u062d\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0645\u064f\u0639\u0644\u0646\u0627\u064b \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0645.<br \/>\n<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.armyheritage.org\/soldier-stories-information\/russian-civil-war\/\" title=\"9|Russian Civil War|Army Heritage Center Foundation|2020\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[9]<\/a><\/sup>\n<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"koz-h-13\">\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0639\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629<\/h2>\n<h3 id=\"koz-h-14\">\u0625\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0632\u0627\u0642<\/h3>\n<p>\n\u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0634\u062f \u0635\u0641\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u0645\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0625\u062b\u0627\u0631\u0629\u064b \u0644\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a \u0645\u0627 \u0639\u064f\u0631\u0641 \u0628\u0640\u00ab\u0646\u0632\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0632\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629\u00bb (Decossackization) \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645\u064e\u064a 1919-1920\u0645. \u0623\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0634\u0641\u064a \u0641\u064a \u064a\u0646\u0627\u064a\u0631 1919\u0645 \u0645\u0631\u0633\u0648\u0645\u0627\u064b \u064a\u062f\u0639\u0648 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062e\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0632\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u00ab\u0628\u0644\u0627 \u0631\u062d\u0645\u0629\u00bb \u0628\u0648\u0635\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u00ab\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0644\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u0627\u062f\u0629\u00bb\u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0646\u064f\u0641\u0651\u0630\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0631 \u0628\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0632\u0631 \u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0631\u062d\u064a\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0632\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629. \u062a\u062a\u0628\u0627\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u062d\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u062a\u0628\u0627\u064a\u0646\u0627\u064b \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0627\u064b \u2014 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0622\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0645\u0646\u0641\u064e\u0651\u0630 \u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0648\u0646\u062d\u0648 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0645\u0626\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062e\u0645\u0633\u0645\u0626\u0629 \u0623\u0644\u0641 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0642\u062a\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u0645\u064f\u0647\u062c\u064e\u0651\u0631 \u2014 \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0641\u062a\u062d\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062f\u062b\u0629 \u0646\u0642\u0627\u0634\u0627\u064b \u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u064b \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0627 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u062a\u0646\u0637\u0628\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629.<br \/>\n<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_massacres_in_the_Soviet_Union\" title=\"10|List of Massacres in the Soviet Union|Wikipedia|2026\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[10]<\/a><\/sup><br \/>\n\u0648\u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0623\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b \u062a\u0645\u0628\u0648\u0641 (1920-1921\u0645) \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0642\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u0634\u0641\u0629 \u062a\u0645\u0631\u0651\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u062a\u0627\u0645\u0628\u0648\u0641 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u063a\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0648\u0631 \u0648\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0647\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062d\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u0627\u062a \u2014 \u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0648\u062f\u0649 \u0628\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0645\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u062e\u0645\u0633\u0629 \u0639\u0634\u0631 \u0623\u0644\u0641\u0627\u064b \u0648\u0645\u0626\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0644\u0641 \u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0641\u0642 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u0628\u0627\u064a\u0646\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0645\u0631 \u0628\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0648\u062b\u0651\u0642\u0629 \u0623\u0633\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0636\u062f \u062a\u062c\u0645\u0651\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629.\n<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"koz-h-15\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u0649 1921-1922\u0645<\/h2>\n<p>\n\u062d\u064a\u0646 \u062e\u0645\u062f\u062a \u0646\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0631\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0627 \u0642\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u064f\u0646\u0632\u0641\u062a \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u00ab\u0634\u064a\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628\u00bb \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0646\u0647\u0628\u062a \u0645\u062e\u0632\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0628\u0648\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644\u0629. \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0636\u0631\u0628\u062a \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u062c\u0641\u0627\u0641 \u0634\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1921\u0645 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u063a\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0623\u0648\u0643\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627 \u2014 \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u0643\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u2014 \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u0645\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0631\u0647\u064a\u0628\u0629 \u0642\u062a\u0644\u062a \u0648\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0642\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u0644 \u0639\u0646 \u062e\u0645\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0644\u063a\u062a \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u063a\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0644 \u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0631\u062b\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629. \u0623\u0635\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0628\u0627\u0621 \u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0627\u064b \u062c\u0627\u0626\u062d\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0625\u0630 \u0645\u0627\u062a \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0634\u062e\u0635 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0641\u0648\u0633 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0647 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1920\u0645. [libguides](https:\/\/bruce-c-clarke.libguides.com\/zuluwar?claude-citation-5f5c6424-bf97-4cea-8a14-1b8a2641ae76=e5f0740e-a381-48c2-982b-c11cc64de0d0) \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0636\u0637\u0631\u0651\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0641\u064a\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u2014 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u062d\u062c\u0645\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u062e\u0634\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u2014 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0627\u0641: \u0641\u0648\u0635\u0644 \u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 (ARA) \u0628\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0647\u0631\u0628\u0631\u062a \u0647\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0644\u064a\u064f\u063a\u0630\u0651\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0631\u0648\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u0647 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u064a\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0627\u064b.<br \/>\n<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/alphahistory.com\/russianrevolution\/great-famine-of-1921\/\" title=\"11|The Great Famine of 1921|Alpha History|2026\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[11]<\/a><\/sup>\n<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"koz-h-16\">\u062a\u0623\u0633\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0641\u064a\u062a\u064a<\/h2>\n<p>\n\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u062f\u064a\u0633\u0645\u0628\u0631 1922\u0645\u060c \u0623\u064f\u0639\u0644\u0646 \u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0648\u0633\u0643\u0648 \u062a\u0623\u0633\u064a\u0633 \u00ab\u0627\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0641\u064a\u062a\u064a\u0629\u00bb (\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0641\u064a\u062a\u064a \/ USSR)\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0643\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0646\u0636\u0645\u062a \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639 \u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0633\u0648\u0641\u064a\u062a\u064a\u0629: \u0631\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0643\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0648\u0643\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0628\u064a\u0644\u0627\u0631\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0627\u060c 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\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062c\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u062c\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064f\u062e\u0637\u064e\u0651\u0637 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0628\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0629 \u0631\u0633\u0645\u062a \u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0646\u0635\u0641 \u0642\u0631\u0646.<br \/>\n<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.academicblock.com\/history\/world-war-1\/russian-civil-war\" title=\"4|Russian Civil War: Origin, Causes &amp; Summary|Academic Block|2025\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[4]<\/a><\/sup>\n<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"koz-h-17\">\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0629<\/h2>\n<h3 id=\"koz-h-18\">\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0648\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0623\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627<\/h3>\n<p>\n\u062a\u062d\u062a\u0644\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u0629\u064b \u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629\u064b \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0623\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646. \u0641\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u0634\u0641\u0629 \u0623\u062b\u0628\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0639\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u0648\u0639\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 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\u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645.<br \/>\n<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ebsco.com\/research-starters\/history\/russian-civil-war\" title=\"3|Russian Civil War|EBSCO Research Starters|2024\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[3]<\/a><\/sup>\n<\/p>\n<h3 id=\"koz-h-19\">\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0625\u0631\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629<\/h3>\n<p>\n\u062e\u0644\u0651\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0646\u0628\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0646\u062f\u0628\u0629\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0641\u064a\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u064f\u0634\u0641\u064e: \u0641\u0642\u062f \u063a\u0630\u0651\u062a \u0630\u0643\u0631\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u064f\u0631\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0627 \u0644\u0642\u062a\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0641\u064a\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629\u064e \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0633\u064a\u064f\u0628\u0642\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u062b\u0645 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\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u064a\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0639\u0633\u064a\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062a\u0631\u0633\u0651\u062e \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0651\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0639\u0642\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u062a \u064a\u064f\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0629.<br \/>\n<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.armyheritage.org\/soldier-stories-information\/russian-civil-war\/\" title=\"9|Russian Civil War|Army Heritage Center Foundation|2020\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[9]<\/a><\/sup><br \/>\n\u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0630\u0643\u0631\u0649 \u0643\u0648\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0643 \u0648\u062f\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0642\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0636 \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629\u064b \u062e\u0627\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0637\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0638\u0644 \u0628\u0648\u062a\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0625\u0630 \u0623\u0639\u0627\u062f\u062a \u0631\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0641\u064a\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062d\u0636\u0627\u0631 \u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0644 \u0643\u0648\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0643 \u0628\u0648\u0635\u0641\u0647 \u0628\u0637\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0627\u064b \u064a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0634\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u2014 \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u062c\u062f\u0644 \u0630\u0648 \u0637\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0631\u0627\u0647\u0646 \u0639\u0645\u064a\u0642 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0643\u064a\u0641 \u062a\u064f\u0642\u0631\u0623 \u0647\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0647\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0636\u0631.<br \/>\n<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.worldhistory.org\/Russian_Civil_War\/\" title=\"2|Russian Civil War|World History Encyclopedia|2025\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[2]<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0635\u0631\u0627\u0639 \u0628\u0648\u0644\u0634\u0641\u064a \u0645\u0644\u0643\u064a \u0623\u0633\u0651\u0633 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0641\u064a\u062a\u064a<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":2904,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[156,174],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2903","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-al-tarikh","category-al-hurub-wal-maarik"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/cosmalore.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2903","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/cosmalore.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/cosmalore.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cosmalore.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cosmalore.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2903"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/cosmalore.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2903\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2905,"href":"https:\/\/cosmalore.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2903\/revisions\/2905"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cosmalore.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/2904"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/cosmalore.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2903"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cosmalore.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2903"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cosmalore.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2903"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}