{"id":2882,"date":"2026-08-17T05:25:52","date_gmt":"2026-08-17T05:25:52","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/cosmalore.com\/ar\/?p=2882"},"modified":"2026-08-27T00:02:13","modified_gmt":"2026-08-27T00:02:13","slug":"saddam-husain","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/cosmalore.com\/ar\/2026\/08\/17\/saddam-husain\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0635\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u0635\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646<\/h1>\n

\u0635\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0631\u064a\u062a\u064a (1937\u20132006) \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0648\u0623\u062d\u062f \u0623\u0628\u0631\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646. \u062a\u0648\u0644\u0651\u0649 \u0631\u0626\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u064a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0648\/\u062a\u0645\u0648\u0632 1979\u060c \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0627\u0646\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u062d\u0632\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u062b \u0639\u0627\u0645 1968 \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0623\u0647\u0645 \u0635\u0627\u0646\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0642\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0629 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0633\u0642\u0648\u0637 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u0625\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0632\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0642\u0627\u062f\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0645 2003. \u0648\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0631\u0628\u0639 \u0642\u0631\u0646 \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0631\u0626\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647 \u0645\u0631\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0628\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0645\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0634\u0645\u0644\u062a \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u062c\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0648\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0639\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a\u060c \u062b\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0627\u0621 \u062d\u0643\u0645\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0645.<\/p>\n

\u062a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0635\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0627\u064b \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u0629\u061b \u0644\u0623\u0646 \u0635\u0648\u0631\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d\u062a \u0634\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0642\u0633\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a. \u0641\u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0645\u0646 \u064a\u0631\u0627\u0647 \u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0646 \u062d\u0631\u0648\u0628 \u0648\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0644\u062d\u0642\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u062e\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u0627\u0626\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0645\u0646 \u064a\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629<\/a> \u0648\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0641\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0633\u0639\u062a \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0647\u062f\u0647\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0638\u0647\u0631\u062a \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u0631\u0624\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631\u0647 \u0631\u0645\u0632\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0631\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0630\u0627 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0630\u0647\u0628 \u0628\u0639\u0636\u0647\u0645 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u0634\u0647\u064a\u062f\u0627\u064b. \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u062a\u0636\u064a \u062a\u0628\u0646\u064a \u0625\u062d\u062f\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0631\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u064a\u0642\u062a\u0636\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u0648\u062b\u064a\u0642\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0643\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0628\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0623\u0635\u062d\u0627\u0628\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\n

\u0648\u062a\u0632\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u0627\u062a\u0647. \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0648\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0631\u0634\u064a\u0641 \u062d\u0632\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u062b \u062a\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0628\u0648\u0636\u0648\u062d \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u062d\u0636\u0648\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u062e\u0637\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0639\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0646 \u0635\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0623\u0637\u0644\u0642 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1993 \u0645\u0627 \u0639\u064f\u0631\u0641 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u00ab\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u00bb. \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b \u0633\u0627\u0645\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0647\u064a\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0635\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0644\u062f\u0649 Oxford University Press\u060c \u064a\u0648\u0636\u062d \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0632\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062f \u062d\u0636\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u062b\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0648\u064a\u0629\u061b \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0638\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0639\u062b\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0648\u0642\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0637\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627. \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u062b\u0645 \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0646 \u0635\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u00ab\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0631\u062c\u0644 \u062f\u064a\u0646\u00bb \u064a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0647\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631 \u064a\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0644 \u0648\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0639 \u0645\u0648\u062b\u0642\u0629. [1]<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n

\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644<\/td>\n\u0635\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0631\u064a\u062a\u064a<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062f<\/td>\n28 \u0623\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0644\/\u0646\u064a\u0633\u0627\u0646 1937<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062f<\/td>\n\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u062c\u0629\u060c \u0642\u0631\u0628 \u062a\u0643\u0631\u064a\u062a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0641\u0627\u0629<\/td>\n30 \u062f\u064a\u0633\u0645\u0628\u0631\/\u0643\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 2006<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0641\u0627\u0629<\/td>\n\u0628\u063a\u062f\u0627\u062f\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0632\u0628<\/td>\n\u062d\u0632\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0643\u064a<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0645\u0646\u0635\u0628 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n1979\u20132003<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0646\u0627\u0626\u0628 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629<\/td>\n1969\u20131979<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0623\u0628\u0631\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0648\u0628<\/td>\n\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629<\/a> \u0648\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u062c<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0633\u0642\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645<\/td>\n2003<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644<\/td>\n\u062f\u064a\u0633\u0645\u0628\u0631\/\u0643\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 2003<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0645<\/td>\n30 \u062f\u064a\u0633\u0645\u0628\u0631\/\u0643\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 2006<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0623\u0628\u0631\u0632 \u0642\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u0636\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n\u0642\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u062c\u064a\u0644<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n
COSMALORE \u00b7 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0633\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0635\u0639\u0648\u062f \u0635\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646<\/h2>\n

\u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0635\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0641\u0631\u0627\u063a \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0635\u0639\u062f \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0634\u0647\u062f \u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1958 \u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0632\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629. \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0627\u0639\u0628\u0627\u064b \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u062b\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629. \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u062d\u0632\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0643\u064a \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0623\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0633\u0639\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0635\u064a\u0627\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0641\u0642 \u062a\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0642\u0648\u0645\u064a \u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0643\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n

\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0646\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u064a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0648\/\u062a\u0645\u0648\u0632 1968 \u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0645\u0647\u062f\u062a \u0644\u0635\u0639\u0648\u062f \u0635\u062f\u0627\u0645. \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0639\u0627\u062f \u062d\u0632\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u062b \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0628\u062f\u0623\u062a \u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0632\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0635\u062f\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0643\u0646 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u062f\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0648\u0637\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0623\u062a\u0627\u062d \u0644\u0647 \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0632\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u0647 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643 \u0628\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n

\u064a\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0631\u062e \u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0644\u0632 \u062a\u0631\u064a\u067e \u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u062b \u0648\u0635\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642 \u0623\u0648\u0633\u0639 \u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0635\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0641\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u064a\u062e\u0635\u0635 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0647 A History of Iraq<\/em> \u0641\u0635\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u062b \u0648\u0635\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u064a\u0646 1968 \u06482003\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0635\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642. [2]<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n

\u0646\u0634\u0623\u0629 \u0635\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a<\/h2>\n

\u0648\u064f\u0644\u062f \u0635\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a 28 \u0623\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0644\/\u0646\u064a\u0633\u0627\u0646 1937 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u062c\u0629 \u0642\u0631\u0628 \u062a\u0643\u0631\u064a\u062a. \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u062a\u0643\u0631\u064a\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u064a\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u062c\u0632\u0621\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0633\u062a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0644\u0627\u062d\u0642\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0647\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u062d\u0627\u0637\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645. \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0644 \u0635\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0634\u0628\u0627\u0628\u0647 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u063a\u062f\u0627\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0646\u0634\u0627\u0637\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u062a\u0634\u0647\u062f \u0635\u0639\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629<\/a> \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0632\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0627\u0626\u062f\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0646\u0636\u0645 \u0635\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0632\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0643\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0634\u0628\u0627\u0628\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1959 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u063a\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0644 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0645 \u0642\u0627\u0633\u0645. \u0641\u0634\u0644\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0635\u064a\u0628 \u0635\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u062c\u0631\u0648\u062d \u0648\u063a\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u060c \u062b\u0645 \u0639\u0627\u0634 \u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0647 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0635\u0631. \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647 \u0648\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0637\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0648\u0633\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u062b\u064a\u064a\u0646.<\/p>\n

\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0635\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0646\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0628 1963\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u062d\u0632\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u062b \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u062d\u062a\u0641\u0638 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0629 \u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629. \u0648\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0646\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0628 17 \u064a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0648\/\u062a\u0645\u0648\u0632 1968 \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f. \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639 \u0646\u0641\u0648\u0630 \u0635\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0639\u0629\u060c \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0643\u0631\u060c \u062b\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0648\u0649 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u0627\u0633\u0629.<\/p>\n

\u062a\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0635\u0639\u0648\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u0627\u064b \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u062a\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0634\u0628\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645. \u0648\u064a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0625\u0641\u0631\u064e\u0627\u064a\u0650\u0645 \u0643\u0627\u0631\u0634 \u0648\u0625\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0631\u0627\u0648\u062a\u0633\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0647\u0645\u0627 Saddam Hussein: A Political Biography<\/em> \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0641\u0635\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0635\u0641\u0627\u0646 \u0635\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0643\u0646 \u0642\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0627\u064b \u064a\u062a\u062d\u0631\u0643 \u0628\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0634\u0648\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u064a\u062d\u0633\u0628 \u062e\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631\u0647 \u0635\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0642\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646\u064a. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0623\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0627\u0645 1991 \u0639\u0646 Brassey’s \u0648Free Press\u060c \u062b\u0645 \u0638\u0647\u0631\u062a \u0637\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0627\u062d\u0642\u0629. [3]<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n

\u0635\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0646\u0627\u0626\u0628\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0648\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u062b\u064a<\/h2>\n

\u0641\u064a \u0639\u0647\u062f \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0643\u0631 \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0635\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0646\u0627\u0626\u0628\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u064a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0623\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642. \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u0648\u0633\u0639\u062a \u0642\u062f\u0631\u062a\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0644\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0632\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0628\u062f\u0623\u062a \u0635\u0648\u0631\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 \u0643\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b \u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0644\u062a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0623\u0647\u0645 \u0623\u0631\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645.<\/p>\n

\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u062b\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0632\u0628 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0633\u0645\u062d \u0644\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u062e\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u062a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f\u062a \u0644\u0627\u062d\u0642\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0631\u0634\u064a\u0641 \u062d\u0632\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0645\u062a\u0627\u062d\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0639\u062f 2003 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u062a\u0639\u0642\u064a\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u062d\u064a \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0633\u064a\u0637\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u00ab\u062d\u0627\u0643\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u00bb\u061b \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0632\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0635\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639.<\/p>\n

\u0648\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0644\u064a\u0632\u0627 \u0628\u0644\u064a\u0632\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 State of Repression: Iraq under Saddam Hussein<\/em> \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0639\u0646 Princeton University Press \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u0647\u0645\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0623\u0631\u0634\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u0632\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u062b\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062c\u0627\u062f\u0644 \u0628\u0623\u0646 \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0644\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0642\u0633\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0626\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0647\u0627. \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0636\u062d \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0645\u0632\u064a\u062c\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0643\u0631\u0627\u0647 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0648\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u062b\u0631\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0637\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639. [4]<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n

\u062a\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1979<\/h2>\n

\u0641\u064a \u064a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0648\/\u062a\u0645\u0648\u0632 1979 \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0635\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u062a\u0646\u062d\u064a \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0643\u0631. \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0643\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0635\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b. \u0648\u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f \u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0634\u0643\u0644\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0635\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0631\u0627\u0641\u0642\u0647 \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0631\u062a\u064a\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u062b\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n

\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u064a\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u0631\u0626\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647 \u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0628\u0648\u0636\u0648\u062d \u0623\u0646 \u0635\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u064a\u0631\u064a\u062f \u062a\u062b\u0628\u064a\u062a \u0633\u0644\u0637\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629. \u0648\u0623\u064f\u062c\u0631\u064a \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639 \u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062d\u0632\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u062b \u0623\u064f\u0639\u0644\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0647 \u0639\u0646 \u0645\u0624\u0627\u0645\u0631\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0623\u064f\u062c\u0628\u0631 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0643\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627\u060c \u062b\u0645 \u0623\u064f\u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0645. \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0631\u0645\u0632\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0628\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0629 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0635\u062f\u0627\u0645.<\/p>\n

\u062a\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u062b \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0634\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0634\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633. \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 Republic of Fear<\/em> \u064a\u062d\u0644\u0644 \u0643\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0643\u064a\u0651\u0627 \u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u062b\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0632\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0636\u0639 \u0635\u0639\u0648\u062f \u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0635\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648\u0633\u0639 \u0628\u062f\u0623\u062a \u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0627\u0646\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0628 1968. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0646\u064f\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1989\u060c \u062b\u0645 \u0635\u062f\u0631\u062a \u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u062b\u0629 \u0639\u0646 University of California Press \u0639\u0627\u0645 1998. [5]<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0637 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0647\u062f \u0635\u062f\u0627\u0645<\/h2>\n

\u0634\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0639\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0639\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0637 \u0648\u062a\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0637 \u0648\u062a\u0632\u0627\u064a\u062f \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0641\u0627\u0642. \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u064f\u062e\u062f\u0645\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629. \u0648\u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0635\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u0627\u064b \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0644\u062f\u064a\u0647 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629.<\/p>\n

\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645\u062a \u0639\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0637 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0645\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0633 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0641\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0648\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0648\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u0633\u0639\u062a \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0645\u062d\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a. \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0635\u062d \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0647\u062f \u0635\u062f\u0627\u0645\u061b \u0641\u0647\u064a \u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a \u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f \u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u062f\u0639\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n

\u0648\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u060c \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u064a \u0634\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u060c \u062b\u0645 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0644\u0636\u0631\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629<\/a> \u0648\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u062c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0648\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0647\u062f \u0635\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a \u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0629\u061b \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u0648\u0633\u0639 \u0648\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0639\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a\u060c \u062b\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u0632\u0627\u0641 \u0647\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0645\u0639 \u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u060c \u062b\u0645 \u0623\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0623\u0639\u0645\u0642 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u063a\u0632\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u064a\u062a \u0648\u0641\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0648\u0628\u0627\u062a.<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u0645\u062d\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0629<\/h2>\n

\u0623\u0639\u0637\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u062b \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u0645\u062d\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0639\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0648\u0633\u0639\u062a \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0627\u0639\u0628\u0627\u064b \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0645\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0633 \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645.<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637\u062a \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0628\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u062b\u064a\u0629 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u0627\u061b \u0641\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0643\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0641\u0635\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u062e\u0627\u0636\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0632\u0628. \u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0644\u063a\u064a \u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645.<\/p>\n

\u0648\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0623\u062b\u0631\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0627\u062d\u0642\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062b\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0648\u0628\u0627\u062a. \u0648\u0644\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0647\u062f \u0635\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u064a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644: \u062a\u0648\u0633\u0639 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0637\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062b\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u0632\u0627\u0641 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628\u060c \u062b\u0645 \u062a\u062f\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u062d\u0627\u062f \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0648\u0628\u0627\u062a.<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u062d\u0632\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u062b \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629<\/h2>\n

\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u062d\u0632\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0643\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f \u062d\u0632\u0628 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u061b \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d \u062c\u0632\u0621\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629. \u0648\u062a\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u062a \u0639\u0636\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0632\u0628 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0647\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629.<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0647\u0631\u0645 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0648\u0623\u0645\u0646\u064a \u0634\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0635\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0645\u062a\u0647. \u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0631\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d\u062a \u0635\u0648\u0631\u062a\u0647 \u062d\u0627\u0636\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0638\u0647\u0631\u062a \u0645\u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0629.<\/p>\n

\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0634\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0645\u062a\u0627\u062d\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0633\u0642\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0623\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u064b \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u064a\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0622\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0630 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0637\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0643\u0646 \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0627\u064b \u062a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u0643\u0644 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u064a\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0635\u062f\u0627\u0645. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u0645\u0647\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u00ab\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0643\u0644 \u062a\u0641\u0635\u064a\u0644\u00bb \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u062a\u0639\u0642\u064a\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645.<\/p>\n

\u0635\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629<\/h2>\n

\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u0632\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u062b\u060c \u0648\u0638\u0644 \u062d\u0627\u0636\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062e\u0637\u0627\u0628 \u0635\u062f\u0627\u0645. \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647 \u0628\u0648\u0635\u0641\u0647 \u0642\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0648\u0642\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0622\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0631\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0642\u0636\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0623\u0648\u0633\u0639 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0648\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0646\u0628\u064a.<\/p>\n

\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0647\u062f \u0635\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0643\u0646 \u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f \u0641\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629\u061b \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d\u062a \u062c\u0632\u0621\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0634\u0631\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0631\u0629. \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629<\/a> \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0641\u0631\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0642\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0631\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0627\u0639 \u0628\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0631\u0645\u0648\u0632 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0639\u0628\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639.<\/p>\n

\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0636\u062d \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0631\u0634 \u0648\u0631\u0627\u0648\u062a\u0633\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0635\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629<\/a> \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0645\u0648\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629. \u0641\u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0643\u0646 \u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0639\u0646 \u0645\u0632\u064a\u062c \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0645\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0644\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u0642\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0628\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0643\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0625\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629. [6]<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629<\/h2>\n

\u0623\u062d\u062f\u062b\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629<\/a> \u0639\u0627\u0645 1979 \u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0645\u064a\u0642\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0645\u064a\u0632\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0649 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u062c. \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0623\u0637\u0627\u062d\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0623\u0642\u0627\u0645\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u062c\u0627\u0631 \u0642\u0648\u064a \u0630\u064a \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u062b\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u062b\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0645\u064a.<\/p>\n

\u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0636\u0627\u0641\u062a \u0628\u0639\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0623\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627\u064b \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0627\u0639. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0634\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062f\u0639\u0648\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0644\u0642\u060c \u0641\u064a \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u062b \u0628\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n

\u0648\u0641\u064a \u0633\u0628\u062a\u0645\u0628\u0631\/\u0623\u064a\u0644\u0648\u0644 1980 \u0627\u0646\u062f\u0644\u0639\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629<\/a>. \u0648\u064a\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0635\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0647\u062c\u0648\u0645\u061b \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0631\u0623\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u0639\u0642\u0628\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u0631\u0635\u0629 \u0644\u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0631\u062a\u064a\u0628 \u0645\u064a\u0632\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0649\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a\u062a \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0636\u0639\u0641 \u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628.<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629<\/h2>\n

\u0628\u062f\u0623\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629<\/a> \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0628\u062a\u0645\u0628\u0631\/\u0623\u064a\u0644\u0648\u0644 1980 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u062a \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0648\u0642\u0641 \u0625\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u063a\u0633\u0637\u0633\/\u0622\u0628 1988. \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0637\u0648\u0644 \u0648\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u0632\u0627\u0641\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b. \u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u064a\u064f\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0636 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0642\u0635\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0635\u0631\u0627\u0639 \u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642.<\/p>\n

\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0625\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u062a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0623\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0621 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0641\u0642\u062f\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628\u060c \u062b\u0645 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0644\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u0632\u0627\u0641 \u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0629. \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0641\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0641\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0634\u0647\u062f\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642.<\/p>\n

\u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0647\u0627\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642. \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u0632\u0641\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0645\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u062f\u064a\u0648\u0646\u0627\u064b \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0639\u0627\u0645 1988 \u062c\u064a\u0634\u0627\u064b \u0636\u062e\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0648\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0645\u062b\u0642\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0623\u0639\u0628\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628. \u0648\u062a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0647\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0648\u0642\u0639\u062a \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0639\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u0642\u0637\u060c \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u062a\u062e\u0630 \u0635\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u063a\u0632\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u064a\u062a.<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628<\/h2>\n

\u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629<\/a> \u0635\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0639\u0632\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a. \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0642\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0631 \u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u062a \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u0649 \u0628\u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0648\u0645\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0647\u0627. \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0641\u064a\u062a\u064a \u0648\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0627\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0632\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629.<\/p>\n

\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0636\u062d \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0633\u062a\u064a\u0641\u0646 \u0647\u064a\u0631\u0633\u062a \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0623\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0634\u0646\u0637\u0646 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0644\u062a \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0641\u064a \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642 \u0623\u0648\u0633\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u064a\u0632\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0649 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u062c. \u0648\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0643\u0646 \u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0629 \u0637\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u062a \u0645\u0639 \u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u064a\u0632\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0649 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0647\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629. [7]<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629<\/h2>\n

\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062b\u0642\u0629 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629<\/a>. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0648\u062b\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0633\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0635\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a.<\/p>\n

\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u064b \u062a\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0631\u0647 \u0628\u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f \u0648\u0636\u0639\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642. \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0645\u062d\u0638\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0628 \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0632\u0627\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0636\u0648\u062d\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0636\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0625\u062b\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0644\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u062c\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628.<\/p>\n

\u062d\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0641\u0627\u0644 \u0636\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0631\u0627\u062f<\/h2>\n

\u0634\u0647\u062f \u0639\u0627\u0645 1988 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0644 \u0645\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u062d\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0641\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u062f\u0641\u062a \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0643\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f. \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u0628\u0631\u0627\u064a\u0631\/\u0634\u0628\u0627\u0637 \u0648\u0633\u0628\u062a\u0645\u0628\u0631\/\u0623\u064a\u0644\u0648\u0644 1988\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0647\u062c\u064a\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639\u0627\u064b \u0648\u062a\u062f\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u0642\u0631\u0649 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0642\u062a\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0621.<\/p>\n

\u0623\u062c\u0631\u062a Human Rights Watch \u0628\u062d\u062b\u0627\u064b \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0643\u0645\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0636\u062e\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062b\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 350 \u0634\u0627\u0647\u062f\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0648\u062e\u0644\u0635\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0634\u0643\u0644\u062a \u062c\u0631\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0625\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0648\u062b\u0642\u062a \u062a\u062f\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0623\u0644\u0641\u064a \u0642\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0633\u0642\u0648\u0637 \u0623\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646. [8]<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n

\u0648\u062a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0642\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0641\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u0631\u0634\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u0648\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0634 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0636\u062d\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0638\u0644 \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u062d\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0647\u062c\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0648\u062b\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n

\u062d\u0644\u0628\u062c\u0629<\/h2>\n

\u0641\u064a \u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\/\u0622\u0630\u0627\u0631 1988 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636\u062a \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u062d\u0644\u0628\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0647\u062c\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629<\/a> \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642. \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062c\u0648\u0645 \u0644\u0627\u062d\u0642\u0627\u064b \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0623\u0634\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646.<\/p>\n

\u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u062d\u0644\u0628\u062c\u0629 \u062c\u0632\u0621\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642 \u0623\u0648\u0633\u0639 \u0647\u0648 \u062d\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0641\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0636\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0639\u0632\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u0628\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0639\u0637\u064a \u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0646\u0627\u0642\u0635\u0629. \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647 \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0631\u0645\u0632\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0645\u0627 \u062e\u0644\u0641\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062c\u0648\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u062a\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u0645\u0635\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631 \u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0649.<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0648\u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a<\/h2>\n

\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629<\/a> \u0628\u0648\u0642\u0641 \u0625\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u063a\u0633\u0637\u0633\/\u0622\u0628 1988 \u0645\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u062d\u0627\u0633\u0645\u0629. \u062e\u0631\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0628\u062c\u064a\u0634 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u062e\u0628\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u062b\u0642\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631.<\/p>\n

\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0635\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u064a\u0631\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u062e\u0631\u062c \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u064a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0639\u0628\u0626\u0627\u064b \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0646\u064a\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u062a\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u0648\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u0647\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u0625\u0636\u0639\u0627\u0641 \u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646. \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0635\u0627\u0639\u062f\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u063a\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u064a\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0623\u0633\u0639\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0637 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0643\u0648\u064a\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u064a.<\/p>\n

\u063a\u0632\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u064a\u062a \u0639\u0627\u0645 1990<\/h2>\n

\u0641\u064a 2 \u0623\u063a\u0633\u0637\u0633\/\u0622\u0628 1990 \u062f\u062e\u0644\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u064a\u062a. \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0632\u0648 \u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0635\u062f\u0627\u0645.<\/p>\n

\u0623\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 660 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0633\u062d\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0637 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u064a\u062a. \u062b\u0645 \u0635\u062f\u0631\u062a \u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0634\u062f\u062f\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0648\u0645\u0647\u062f\u062a \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0631\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a. [9]<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n

\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u063a\u0632\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u064a\u062a \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0627\u064b \u062c\u0630\u0631\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629<\/a> \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629\u061b \u0625\u0630 \u062a\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062a\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0641 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639 \u0644\u0625\u062c\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0633\u062d\u0627\u0628. \u0648\u0641\u064a \u064a\u0646\u0627\u064a\u0631\/\u0643\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a 1991 \u0628\u062f\u0623\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u0649\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0628\u0627\u0646\u0633\u062d\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u064a\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0641\u0628\u0631\u0627\u064a\u0631\/\u0634\u0628\u0627\u0637.<\/p>\n

\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u063a\u0632\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u064a\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0633\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0635\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629. \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0623\u062f\u0649 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0632\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0648\u0641\u062a\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0639\u0642\u0648\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0639\u0627\u062f \u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u063a\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u062c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n

\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u062c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629<\/h2>\n

\u0623\u0638\u0647\u0631\u062a \u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u060c \u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0627\u0645\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0643\u0647 \u062c\u064a\u0634\u0627\u064b \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0648\u062e\u0628\u0631\u0629 \u0642\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0643\u0646 \u0642\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062a\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0636\u062f\u0647. \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647 \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0633\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0633\u0642\u0627\u0637 \u0635\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0625\u062e\u0631\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u064a\u062a.<\/p>\n

\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u062d\u0644 \u0646\u0642\u0627\u0634 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0647\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a: \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0635\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0633\u0642\u0637 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1991\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0628\u0642\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0642\u062f \u0622\u062e\u0631\u060c \u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0632\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0648\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0636\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0636\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1991<\/h2>\n

\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0647\u0632\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u062c \u0639\u0627\u0645 1991 \u0627\u0646\u062f\u0644\u0639\u062a \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0636\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0648\u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0647. \u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0636\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0637\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0642\u062f \u062e\u0631\u062c\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0636\u062a\u0647.<\/p>\n

\u0648\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0642 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0622\u0645\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0631\u0627\u062f\u060c \u0645\u062f\u0639\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u062d\u0638\u0631 \u062c\u0648\u064a \u0641\u0631\u0636\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0644 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629. \u0623\u062f\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0634\u0648\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0631\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u060c \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0644\u0627\u062d\u0642\u0627\u064b \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0623\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u062b\u0631\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u062f 2003.<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0648\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642<\/h2>\n

\u0628\u0639\u062f \u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u062c \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u062e\u0627\u0636\u0639\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0639\u0642\u0648\u0628\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639. \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 687 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0644\/\u0646\u064a\u0633\u0627\u0646 1991 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062b\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062d\u062f\u062f\u062a \u0634\u0631\u0648\u0637 \u0648\u0642\u0641 \u0625\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u062a\u0631\u062a\u064a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0646\u0632\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0622\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u062a\u064a\u0634 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642.<\/p>\n

\u0641\u0631\u0636 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0648\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0642\u064a\u0648\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0644\u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0629. \u0648\u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0648\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639\u0627\u064b \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0625\u0630 \u0623\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0642\u062f\u0631\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0632\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0635\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639\u0629.<\/p>\n

\u0648\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0635\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0624\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0642\u0648\u0637\u0647. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u062e\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0648\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0627 \u0648\u0635\u0641\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0627 \u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0635\u064a\u0627\u063a\u0629 \u0635\u0648\u0631\u062a\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0623\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a.<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0639\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a<\/h2>\n

\u0628\u0639\u062f \u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u062c \u062d\u062f\u062b \u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0638 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 1993 \u0623\u0637\u0644\u0642 \u0635\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u00ab\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u00bb\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u062c\u0639\u0644\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u062d\u0636\u0648\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0645\u0648\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629.<\/p>\n

\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u0645\u0647\u0645\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646\u062a \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0635\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631\u0629. \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0648\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0634\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0646\u0643\u0631 \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062b \u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0636\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629. \u0648\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0633\u0627\u0645\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0647\u064a\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0642\u062f \u0637\u0648\u0631 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0637\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u064a\u060c \u062b\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629. \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0647\u064a\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0646 \u064a\u0624\u0643\u062f \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u064b \u0623\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u062b\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0648\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0625\u062f\u062e\u0627\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u062b\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629. [10]<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n

\u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0635\u062f\u0627\u0645. \u0641\u0645\u0646 \u064a\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u0643\u0645\u0647 \u064a\u0631\u0649 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0639\u062b\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0642\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u064a\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0639\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u064a\u0631\u0649 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u0627\u064b \u064a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u062e\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0627\u064b \u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0648\u0636\u0648\u062d\u0627\u064b. \u0648\u0643\u0644\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0641\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0637 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0647 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0643\u0641\u064a \u0644\u0648\u0635\u0641 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0647\u062f\u0647.<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0651\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u064a<\/h2>\n

\u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0635\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0648\u0636\u0648\u062d\u0627\u064b \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0639\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u0633\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u062c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0648\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629. \u0641\u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 1993 \u0623\u0637\u0644\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0627 \u0639\u064f\u0631\u0641 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u00ab\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u00bb\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0647\u062f\u0641\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062d\u0636\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a. \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0636\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0631\u0634\u064a\u0641 \u062d\u0632\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u062b \u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0643\u0646 \u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f \u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629 \u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0628\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0631\u0627\u0641\u0642\u062a\u0647 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0647\u062f\u0641\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0625\u062e\u0636\u0627\u0639\u0647 \u0644\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629. [11]<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n

\u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0645 \u0647\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0632 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0646: \u0627\u0632\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062f \u062d\u0636\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u062e\u0637\u0627\u0628 \u0635\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0647\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649. \u0641\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0647\u0627 \u0635\u0645\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0647\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0631\u0634\u064a\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0639\u062b\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639\u0629\u060c \u062a\u0631\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0638\u0644 \u0628\u0639\u062b\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0648\u0642\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0646\u0647 \u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u0639\u062b\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u064a\u062e\u0636\u0639 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0645 \u064a\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0629. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0631\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629. [12]<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n

\u0648\u0642\u062f \u0638\u0647\u0631\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u062c\u062f \u0648\u062a\u0634\u062c\u064a\u0639 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0622\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0631\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0622\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0645\u0648\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u062d\u0636\u0648\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645. \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647 \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u062a\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0637\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0637\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u0648 \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0623\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0641\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062d \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0635\u062f\u0627\u0645.<\/p>\n

\u0635\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u0639\u064a<\/h2>\n

\u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u062b\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0641\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642. \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0630\u0648 \u0623\u063a\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0634\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u064a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0639\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0628\u0648\u0627\u0633\u0637\u0629 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0639\u062b\u064a \u0630\u064a \u0623\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0648\u0635\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0648\u0623\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0647\u0645\u0627\u064b\u060c \u062e\u0635\u0648\u0635\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u0638\u0647\u0631\u062a \u062d\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0634\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0636\u0629.<\/p>\n

\u062a\u0648\u0636\u062d \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0647\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u062a\u0628\u0639 \u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0623\u0648\u0627\u062e\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0639\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u0639\u064a\u060c \u062c\u0645\u0639\u062a \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0639\u0627\u0628 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0631\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0648\u0625\u062e\u0636\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0642\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u062a\u0647\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0627\u064b. \u0648\u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0643\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u0639\u0629\u060c \u0625\u0630 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u064a \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0637\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0636\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u062c\u0639\u0644\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0641 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u062b\u064a\u0629. [13]<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n

\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629<\/a> \u0639\u0627\u0645 1979 \u0627\u0632\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0642\u0644\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0639\u0636\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637\u0627\u064b \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u062a\u0623\u062b\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646. \u0648\u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646\u064a \u0645\u0639 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u062c\u0632\u0621\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0633\u0639 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u063a\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0637\u0647\u0631\u0627\u0646. \u0648\u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0635\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0630\u0647\u0628\u064a \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u061b \u0641\u0642\u062f \u062a\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u062a \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0632\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0627\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0636\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1991 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642<\/h2>\n

\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0647\u0632\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u062c \u0639\u0627\u0645 1991 \u0627\u0646\u062f\u0644\u0639\u062a \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0636\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0645\u062a\u062f\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649. \u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0636\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0627\u062f\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0637\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062e\u0631\u062c\u062a \u0639\u0646 \u0633\u064a\u0637\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u063a\u062f\u0627\u062f. \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u062f\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0636\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u062a \u0644\u0627\u062d\u0642\u0627\u064b \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0634\u0648\u0621 \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0643\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u0645\u062a\u0639 \u0628\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644\u064a \u062a\u062d\u062a \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n

\u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d\u062a \u0623\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b \u0639\u0627\u0645 1991 \u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u064a. \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0623\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0647\u0632\u064a\u0645\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0645\u0627 \u0632\u0627\u0644 \u064a\u0645\u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u0631\u0636 \u0633\u064a\u0637\u0631\u062a\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642. \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647 \u0623\u062f\u0649 \u062e\u0631\u0648\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u064a\u062a \u0648\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639 \u0642\u0648\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0638\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0625\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0639\u062f \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u062c.<\/p>\n

\u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0636\u0629 \u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0649\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u0633\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0638\u0647\u0631\u062a \u0628\u0639\u062f 2003\u060c \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0636\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u062c\u0632\u0621\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f.<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0641 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0628<\/h2>\n

\u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0647\u062f \u0635\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u062e\u0630\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0647\u062f\u0647 \u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639\u0629. \u0641\u0642\u062f \u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0639\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0631\u062a\u064a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u062a.<\/p>\n

\u0641\u064a \u0639\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u062b \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u0648\u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0637\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u0633\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0632\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627. \u0648\u0628\u0644\u063a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0627\u0639 \u0630\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629<\/a>\u060c \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0639 \u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0628\u063a\u062f\u0627\u062f. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u062a\u0647\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0623\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0648\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0627\u064b.<\/p>\n

\u0628\u0644\u063a\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0630\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0641\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1988. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u062e\u0644\u0635\u062a \u0623\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b Human Rights Watch\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0634\u0631 \u0637\u0646\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062b\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 350 \u0634\u0627\u0647\u062f\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646\u062a \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0642\u062a\u0644 \u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0648\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0621 \u0642\u0633\u0631\u064a \u0648\u062a\u0647\u062c\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u062a\u062f\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u0642\u0631\u0649 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f\u0631\u062a \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062a\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u0644 \u0639\u0646 50 \u0623\u0644\u0641\u0627\u064b \u0648\u0631\u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0648\u0635\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 100 \u0623\u0644\u0641. [14]<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n

\u062d\u0644\u0628\u062c\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0629<\/h2>\n

\u0641\u064a 16 \u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\/\u0622\u0630\u0627\u0631 1988 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636\u062a \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u062d\u0644\u0628\u062c\u0629 \u0644\u0647\u062c\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629<\/a> \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642. \u0648\u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062c\u0648\u0645 \u0644\u0627\u062d\u0642\u0627\u064b \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0623\u0634\u0647\u0631 \u0623\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0636\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b.<\/p>\n

\u062a\u0648\u0636\u062d \u0648\u062b\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a Human Rights Watch \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062c\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0643\u0646 \u062d\u0627\u062f\u062b\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0641\u0631\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u062c\u0627\u0621\u062a \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0631\u0627\u0641\u0642\u062a \u062d\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0641\u0627\u0644. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0648\u062b\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u063a\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u062f\u0644 \u0648\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0639\u0635\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0644\u0628\u062c\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0643\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u062a\u062f\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639 \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0649 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a. [15]<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n

\u0648\u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d\u062a \u062d\u0644\u0628\u062c\u0629 \u0631\u0645\u0632\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0631\u062e\u0648\u0646 \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0644\u062d\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0641\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0648\u0627\u062e\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629<\/a>.<\/p>\n

\u0635\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629<\/h2>\n

\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0644\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0627\u0631\u0632\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062a\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0647 \u0635\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062e\u0637\u0628\u0647 \u0648\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0631\u0641\u0636\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0632\u062f\u0627\u062f \u062d\u0636\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u064a \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0639\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0628\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0642\u062f\u0645\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0639\u0644\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u062f\u0639\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0639\u0627\u0626\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u0642\u062f\u062a \u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f\u0627\u064b \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0636\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u062a\u0648\u062b\u0642 \u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0635\u062d\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a \u0634\u0645\u0644\u062a \u0623\u0633\u0631 \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0642\u062a\u0644\u0648\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0634\u0645\u0644\u062a \u0623\u0633\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0641\u0630 \u0647\u062c\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u062d\u0627\u0631\u064a. [16]<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n

\u0648\u0642\u062f \u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0641 \u0635\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u0638\u0649 \u0628\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0637\u0641 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0623\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u060c \u062e\u0635\u0648\u0635\u0627\u064b \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u0631\u0623\u0648\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0641\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a. \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u060c \u0631\u0628\u0637 \u0645\u0646\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0648\u0647 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0628\u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645. \u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0625\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0647\u064a \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u064a \u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a \u0648\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u062f\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0639 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0641\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a.<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u062c<\/h2>\n

\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0627\u0621 \u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u062c \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u062e\u0627\u0636\u0639\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0648\u0642\u0641 \u0625\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0646\u0632\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u062a\u064a\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a. \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 687 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1991 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0647\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0625\u0630 \u0631\u0628\u0637 \u0625\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u062a\u0631\u062a\u064a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u062a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u0631\u0648\u062e\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u063a\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0634\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0634\u0647\u062f\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062a\u0631. \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 1998 \u0627\u0646\u0633\u062d\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0634\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0637\u0644\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u0645 \u00ab\u062b\u0639\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0621\u00bb. \u062b\u0645 \u0639\u0627\u062f\u062a \u0642\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u062a\u064a\u0634 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0635\u0627\u0639\u062f\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0623\u0633\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n

\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646 1441<\/h2>\n

\u0641\u064a 8 \u0646\u0648\u0641\u0645\u0628\u0631\/\u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a 2002 \u0623\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 1441 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639. \u0648\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0632\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u00ab\u0625\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a\u00bb \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0646\u0632\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u062d\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646\u062d \u0628\u063a\u062f\u0627\u062f \u00ab\u0641\u0631\u0635\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631\u0629\u00bb \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0646\u0634\u0623 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u062a\u0641\u062a\u064a\u0634 \u0645\u0639\u0632\u0632\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0648\u0627\u0633\u0637\u0629 \u0644\u062c\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0631\u0635\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u062a\u064a\u0634 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0631\u064a\u0629. [17]<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n

\u0648\u062a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u0645\u0647\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0633\u0628\u0642 \u062d\u0631\u0628 2003. \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 1441 \u0623\u0643\u062f \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u062a\u0641\u062a\u064a\u0634 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647 \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0644\u0627\u062d\u0642\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0648\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0627 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u064a\u0645\u0646\u062d \u062a\u0641\u0648\u064a\u0636\u0627\u064b \u062a\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0623\u0645 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u064a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0633\u0628\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0632\u0648.<\/p>\n

\u0623\u0633\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644: \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0639\u0627\u0645 2003<\/h2>\n

\u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0644\u0641 \u0623\u0633\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0634\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0623\u0646 \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0642\u0629 \u062e\u0644\u0637\u062a \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0623\u0645\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629: \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0628\u0642\u064a\u062a \u0628\u0639\u062f \u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u062c\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0632\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0628\u062f\u0621 \u063a\u0632\u0648 2003.<\/p>\n

\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0645\u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629<\/a> \u0648\u0636\u062f \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0643\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0629. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0642\u062f \u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0646\u0648\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1991\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636\u062a \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0643 \u0628\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u062c.<\/p>\n

\u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0624\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0645\u062e\u0632\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0633\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 2003\u060c \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0623\u0638\u0647\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0642\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0633\u0628\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0643\u0646 \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0627 \u0648\u062c\u062f\u062a\u0647 \u0641\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u062a\u064a\u0634 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0633\u0642\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645. \u0648\u0630\u0643\u0631\u062a Iraq Survey Group \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u062c\u062f \u0645\u062e\u0632\u0648\u0646\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0633\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639\u0627\u064b \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0646\u0648\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0641 \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645. [18]<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n

\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0638\u0647\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0633\u0628\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u064a\u0642\u064a\u0646\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0635\u064a\u0627\u063a\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0633\u0645\u062d \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0641 \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0644\u0627\u062d\u0642\u0627\u064b \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0623\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0644 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u063a\u0632\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642. [19]<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n

\u0635\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0647\u062c\u0645\u0627\u062a 11 \u0633\u0628\u062a\u0645\u0628\u0631<\/h2>\n

\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0647\u062c\u0645\u0627\u062a 11 \u0633\u0628\u062a\u0645\u0628\u0631\/\u0623\u064a\u0644\u0648\u0644 2001 \u0627\u0632\u062f\u0627\u062f\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0631\u0647\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u0633\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644. \u0648\u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u060c \u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0623\u0646 \u0625\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0635\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0642\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0645\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0644\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0644\u062d\u0629.<\/p>\n

\u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0636\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0631\u0647\u0627\u0628 \u062c\u0632\u0621\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0633\u0628\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0642\u0629 \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u062b\u0628\u062a \u0623\u0646 \u0635\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0646 \u0647\u062c\u0645\u0627\u062a 11 \u0633\u0628\u062a\u0645\u0628\u0631 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u0627. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0635\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0641\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u0627\u0648\u064a \u0625\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u064a \u062e\u0637\u0637 \u0644\u0647\u062c\u0645\u0627\u062a 11 \u0633\u0628\u062a\u0645\u0628\u0631 \u0623\u0648 \u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0628\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0632\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0639\u0627\u0645 2003<\/h2>\n

\u0641\u064a \u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\/\u0622\u0630\u0627\u0631 2003 \u0628\u062f\u0623\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u062d\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0624\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639\u0629 \u0636\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642. \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a \u062c\u0648\u0631\u062c \u062f\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0648 \u0628\u0648\u0634 \u0642\u062f \u0642\u062f\u0645\u062a \u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0628\u0631\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628\u060c \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u0628\u0631\u0632\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0644\u0641 \u0623\u0633\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0645\u062a\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0631\u0647\u0627\u0628 \u0648\u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645.<\/p>\n

\u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0627\u064b \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0627\u064b \u064a\u062c\u064a\u0632 \u0635\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u063a\u0632\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\/\u0622\u0630\u0627\u0631 2003. \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0634\u0631\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0623\u0643\u062f\u062a \u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u0633\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u062c\u060c \u0648\u0641\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u0631\u0641\u0636\u062a \u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631.<\/p>\n

\u0628\u062f\u0623\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a 20 \u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\/\u0622\u0630\u0627\u0631 2003\u060c \u0648\u0633\u0642\u0637\u062a \u0628\u063a\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0644\/\u0646\u064a\u0633\u0627\u0646. \u0648\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0649 \u0628\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u062d\u0643\u0645 \u062d\u0632\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u062b \u0648\u0635\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0641\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646\u0630 1968 \u0648\u0631\u0626\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646\u0630 1979.<\/p>\n

\u0633\u0642\u0648\u0637 \u0628\u063a\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0646\u0647\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u062b<\/h2>\n

\u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0643\u0646 \u0633\u0642\u0648\u0637 \u0628\u063a\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f \u0647\u0632\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0646\u0647\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0641\u0649 \u0635\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u0633\u064a\u0637\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n

\u0623\u0639\u0642\u0628 \u0633\u0642\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u062d\u0644 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646\u064a. \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u064a \u0648\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u062c\u062a\u062b\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u062b \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u062b\u0627\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0634 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628\u060c \u0644\u0623\u0646 \u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0645\u062a\u062f\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n

\u0648\u064a\u0631\u0649 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0646\u0647\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u062e\u0644\u0642 \u0641\u0631\u0627\u063a\u0627\u064b \u0623\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0648\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0638\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u062a\u0645\u0631\u062f \u0645\u0633\u0644\u062d \u062b\u0645 \u0635\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0637\u0627\u0626\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u062c\u0647\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0636\u062d \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0647\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0642\u062f \u0623\u0646\u0634\u0623 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0622\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0637\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0646\u0647\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0639\u062f 2003 \u0641\u062a\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0642\u0648\u0649 \u062f\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0642\u062f \u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644\u062a \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0621\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0637\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627. [20]<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n

\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0621 \u0635\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0639\u0646\u0647<\/h2>\n

\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0633\u0642\u0648\u0637 \u0628\u063a\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0641\u0649 \u0635\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0631\u0632 \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642. \u0648\u0638\u0647\u0631\u062a \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u0636\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0647\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0639\u0646\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u062a\u0643\u0631\u064a\u062a \u0648\u0639\u0627\u0626\u0644\u062a\u0647 \u0648\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629.<\/p>\n

\u0641\u064a 13 \u062f\u064a\u0633\u0645\u0628\u0631\/\u0643\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 2003 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062b\u0648\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0648\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0647 \u0642\u0631\u0628 \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u062a\u0643\u0631\u064a\u062a. \u0648\u0623\u0638\u0647\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0631\u062a \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u062c\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0637\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062b\u0645 \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0644\u0627\u062d\u0642\u0627\u064b \u0645\u062a\u0647\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n

\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u062c\u064a\u0644<\/h2>\n

\u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0642\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u062c\u064a\u0644 \u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0642\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0628\u0631\u0649 \u062d\u0648\u0643\u0645 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0635\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0627. \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0648\u062f \u0623\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u063a\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0644 \u0635\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u062c\u064a\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1982\u060c \u0623\u0639\u0642\u0628\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u062d\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0623\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639\u0629 \u0636\u062f \u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629.<\/p>\n

\u0648\u0641\u0642 \u0645\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0639\u062a\u064f\u0642\u0644 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u062c\u064a\u0644\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0628\u0639\u0636\u0647\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0630\u064a\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0632\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0645 148 \u0634\u062e\u0635\u0627\u064b \u0648\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062d\u0648\u0643\u0645 \u0628\u0634\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0635\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0622\u062e\u0631\u0648\u0646. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0648\u064f\u062c\u0647\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0647\u0645 \u062a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0636\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629. [21]<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n

\u0628\u062f\u0623\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0628\u0631\/\u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 2005\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u062a \u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u064a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0648\/\u062a\u0645\u0648\u0632 2006\u060c \u062b\u0645 \u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0648\u0641\u0645\u0628\u0631\/\u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647. \u0623\u064f\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0635\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u062d\u064f\u0643\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0634\u0646\u0642\u0627\u064b\u060c \u062b\u0645 \u0623\u064a\u062f\u062a \u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0626\u0646\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645.<\/p>\n

\u062c\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0635\u062f\u0627\u0645<\/h2>\n

\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u062b\u0628\u0648\u062a \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0635\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0634\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0645\u062a \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0643\u0645\u0629. \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0623\u0642\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646 Human Rights Watch \u0648\u062b\u0642\u062a \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u0641\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u062f\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0625\u0628\u0644\u0627\u063a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062d\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0647\u0648\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u062e\u0644\u0635\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0641\u0650 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629. [22]<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n

\u0648\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0648\u0642\u0639\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u062c\u064a\u0644 \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0643\u0646 \u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0641\u0631\u0642\u0627\u064b \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u062c\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0648\u0623\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0648\u062b\u0642\u0629<\/strong> \u0648\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u062f\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645<\/strong>. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0631\u064a\u062f \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u064a\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0648\u064a\u0647.<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u064a 30 \u062f\u064a\u0633\u0645\u0628\u0631\/\u0643\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 2006<\/h2>\n

\u0641\u064a 30 \u062f\u064a\u0633\u0645\u0628\u0631\/\u0643\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 2006 \u0646\u064f\u0641\u0630 \u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0635\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0634\u0646\u0642\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0628\u063a\u062f\u0627\u062f. \u0648\u062c\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u062a\u0623\u064a\u064a\u062f \u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u062c\u064a\u0644.<\/p>\n

\u0623\u062b\u0627\u0631 \u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u062c\u062f\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0639\u0642\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0642\u064a\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u064a\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u0647. \u0648\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631\u062a Human Rights Watch \u0623\u0646 \u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0635\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0634\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u064a\u0648\u0628 \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u062e\u0637\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u062a\u0623\u0643\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647 \u0623\u0646 \u0635\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0627\u0643\u0627\u062a \u062c\u0633\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646. [23]<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n

\u0648\u0628\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u062a \u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0627\u0645 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u062a\u0647 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0646\u0647\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0644 \u062d\u0648\u0644\u0647\u061b \u0628\u0644 \u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u062a\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n

\u0635\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631\u0629: \u0647\u0644 \u062d\u062f\u062b \u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a\u061f<\/h2>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0624\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a \u0644\u0635\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646. \u0641\u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0648\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0639 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0625\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627: \u0627\u0632\u062f\u0627\u062f \u062d\u0636\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u062e\u0637\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0623\u064f\u0637\u0644\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1993\u060c \u062a\u0648\u0633\u0639\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0636\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0638\u0647\u0631\u062a \u0631\u0645\u0648\u0632 \u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645.<\/p>\n

\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0639 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0633\u0645\u062d \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0631\u062e \u0628\u0625\u0635\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0642\u0627\u0637\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0635\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0623\u0648 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0635\u062f\u0642 \u062a\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0647. \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0642\u0627\u0633 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u062b\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n

\u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627 \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0646 \u0635\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u00ab\u062a\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0622\u062e\u0631 \u062d\u064a\u0627\u062a\u0647\u00bb \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u064f\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0648\u0635\u0641 \u0644\u0627\u0632\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u064a \u0641\u064a \u062d\u064a\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u062f\u0639\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0631\u062e \u064a\u0633\u062a\u0637\u064a\u0639 \u0625\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0644\u0628\u0647 \u0623\u0648 \u0625\u0635\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0646\u0647\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647.<\/p>\n

\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631\u0647 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0634\u0647\u064a\u062f\u0627\u064b\u061f<\/h2>\n

\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0635\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0638\u0647\u0631\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0623\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0639\u0631 \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0637\u0641 \u0642\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0631\u0623\u0649 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0648\u062a\u0647 \u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0649 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0625\u0633\u0642\u0627\u0637 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645\u0647. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0631\u0623\u0649 \u0628\u0639\u0636\u0647\u0645 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0632\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0647\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u062a\u0647 \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0622\u0646 \u0648\u0638\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u060c \u064a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0647\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u062a\u0647.<\/p>\n

\u0648\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0635\u0641 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0635\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0647 \u00ab\u0634\u0647\u064a\u062f\u00bb \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u0645\u0646\u0648\u0627 \u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0647\u0627\u062f\u0629. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0642\u0627\u062f \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0641\u0639\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0634\u0643\u0644\u062a \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0647. \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u064a\u0646\u0628\u063a\u064a \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u0631\u0623\u064a \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646<\/strong>\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0631\u062e \u0625\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\n

\u0641\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0628\u0623\u0646 \u0634\u062e\u0635\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0627 \u0634\u0647\u064a\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0645\u0633\u0623\u0644\u0629 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u0637\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062d\u0633\u0645\u0647\u0627. \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0631\u062e \u064a\u0633\u062a\u0637\u064a\u0639 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0646 \u0641\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0627\u064b \u0642\u064f\u062a\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0623\u064f\u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0623\u0648 \u0642\u064f\u062a\u0644 \u0638\u0644\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0623\u0648 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0628\u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u0637\u064a\u0639 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0642\u0631\u0631 \u0628\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0642\u0637\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0632\u0644\u062a\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647. \u0648\u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0627\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0642 \u0647\u064a: \u00ab\u064a\u0631\u0649 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0635\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0627\u062a \u0634\u0647\u064a\u062f\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0622\u062e\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645\u00bb<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0635\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0645\u0624\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0647 \u0648\u0635\u0648\u0631\u062a\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u062e\u0635\u0648\u0645\u0647<\/h2>\n

\u062a\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0635\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0627\u064b \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0628\u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0646\u0637\u0644\u0642 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0643\u0644 \u0634\u062e\u0635. \u0641\u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u064a\u0634\u0648\u0627 \u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0639\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u064a\u062a\u0630\u0643\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u062a\u0648\u0633\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628 \u0631\u0623\u0648\u0627 \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0642\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0642\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0627\u064b \u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062e\u0637\u0627\u0628 \u0634\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647\u062c\u0629 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629.<\/p>\n

\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u060c \u064a\u0631\u0649 \u0622\u062e\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0648\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0648\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062d\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0641\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u0639\u0642\u0628\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0636\u0627\u062a \u062c\u0639\u0644\u062a \u0639\u0647\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627\u064b. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u064a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u064a\u0634\u0648\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 1990 \u064a\u0646\u0638\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0635\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0632\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0646 \u0623\u0648\u0644\u0626\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u0631\u0623\u0648\u0627 \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0631\u0645\u0632\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0646\u0628\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n

\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a \u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0629 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u0627. \u0648\u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0633\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0646\u0628\u063a\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0641\u0631\u0636 \u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0625\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0634\u0631\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u0646\u062a\u062c\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629.<\/p>\n

\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0625\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0648\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0628\u0642\u0649 \u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631\u0627\u064b\u061f<\/h2>\n

\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0625\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0646 \u0635\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0646 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u0648\u0633\u0651\u0639 \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0644 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u062e\u0627\u0636 \u062d\u0631\u0628\u0627\u064b \u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u063a\u0632\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u064a\u062a \u0639\u0627\u0645 1990\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0648\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064f\u0631\u0636\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0646 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0646 \u062d\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0641\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0642\u0639\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0646 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u0633\u0642\u0637 \u0639\u0627\u0645 2003\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u064f\u0642\u0644 \u0648\u062d\u0648\u0643\u0645 \u0648\u0623\u064f\u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0639\u0627\u0645 2006.<\/p>\n

\u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0646\u064a\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0644 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0635\u062f\u0642 \u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0627 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0643\u0644 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u062a\u062e\u0630\u0647 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u062f\u0627\u0641\u0639 \u0642\u0648\u0645\u064a \u0623\u0648 \u062f\u064a\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0648 \u0623\u0645\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0641\u0647\u064a \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629. \u0648\u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0635\u064a\u0631\u0647 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062a \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0645\u0633\u0623\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0625\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a.<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0631\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0644\u0635\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646<\/h2>\n

\u062a\u0631\u0643 \u0635\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0625\u0631\u062b\u0627\u064b \u0634\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0642\u064a\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629. \u0641\u0642\u062f \u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644\u062a \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0646\u0641\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0632\u0627\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0643\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0648\u0628\u0627\u062a. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u062a\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u062f 2003.<\/p>\n

\u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632\u062a \u062d\u064a\u0627\u062a\u0647. \u0641\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631\u062a \u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u064a\u060c \u0648\u063a\u0632\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u064a\u062a \u0623\u0639\u0627\u062f \u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u062c\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0648\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0623\u062b\u0631\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u064a \u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0642\u062f\u060c \u062b\u0645 \u0623\u062f\u0649 \u063a\u0632\u0648 2003 \u0648\u0633\u0642\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a \u0628\u0623\u0643\u0645\u0644\u0647.<\/p>\n

\u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649\u060c \u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645 \u0633\u0642\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0635\u0639\u0648\u062f \u0642\u0648\u0649 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062f\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0642\u062f \u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636\u062a \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0645\u0639 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0634 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u062b. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0649 \u062c\u0632\u0621\u0627\u064b \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f. \u0648\u0628\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0635\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0641 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0633\u0624\u0627\u0644 \u00ab\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u062d\u0643\u0645\u061f\u00bb\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u064a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u064b \u0633\u0624\u0627\u0644 \u00ab\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u0623\u0639\u0627\u062f \u062d\u0643\u0645\u0647 \u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0628\u0639\u062f\u0647\u061f\u00bb.<\/p>\n

\u0635\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b<\/h2>\n

\u064a\u0635\u0639\u0628 \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b \u0645\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0635\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0635\u0639\u0628 \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u062c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0645\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0641 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0627\u062a\u062e\u0630\u0647\u0627 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645\u0647. \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0647\u062f\u0647 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0648\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0628\u063a\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0644\u0627\u0639\u0628\u0627\u064b \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n

\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u062a \u0628\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0648\u0628\u0627\u062a \u062b\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0632\u0648. \u0648\u0644\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0635\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u064a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0635\u0639\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u0632\u0627\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0646\u0647\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0642\u0627\u062f\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0629<\/h2>\n

\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0635\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a. \u0648\u0635\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0629 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u062d\u0632\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u062b\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0646\u0649 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0642\u0648\u064a\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0632\u062f\u0647\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0637\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647 \u0642\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u064b \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0648\u063a\u0632\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u064a\u062a\u060c \u0648\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0645\u0645\u062a\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0649 \u062d\u0643\u0645\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0632\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 2003.<\/p>\n

\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0634\u0647\u062f \u0639\u0647\u062f\u0647 \u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0647\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646. \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0632\u062f\u0627\u062f \u062d\u0636\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0639\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0637\u0644\u0642 \u0635\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0645\u0648\u0632 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0648\u0636\u0648\u062d\u0627\u064b. \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0631\u0634\u064a\u0641 \u062d\u0632\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u062b \u062a\u0624\u0643\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0638\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u062e\u0627\u0636\u0639\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u062b\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0622\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629. [24]<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n

\u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u00ab\u0634\u0647\u064a\u062f\u0627\u064b\u00bb\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0623\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u0648\u062b\u064a\u0642\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0647\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0631\u062e. \u0648\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0628\u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0625\u0646 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0631\u0623\u0648\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u062a\u0647 \u0634\u0647\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0631\u0645\u0632\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u0631\u0623\u0649 \u0622\u062e\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0623\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0645\u0646\u0639\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645.<\/p>\n

\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0625\u0646\u0635\u0627\u0641\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0635\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a \u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0633 \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u061b \u0628\u0644 \u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u062d\u0627\u0643\u0645 \u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u064a \u062a\u0631\u0643 \u0648\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0647 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0642\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u062d\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0627\u064b \u0648\u0623\u0632\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0645\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649\u060c \u0648\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u064b \u062f\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0648\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0647\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0625\u0631\u062b\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0632\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0631\u062e\u064a\u0646.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u062b<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":2886,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[2],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2882","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-history"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/cosmalore.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2882","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/cosmalore.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/cosmalore.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cosmalore.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cosmalore.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2882"}],"version-history":[{"count":18,"href":"https:\/\/cosmalore.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2882\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4482,"href":"https:\/\/cosmalore.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2882\/revisions\/4482"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cosmalore.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/2886"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/cosmalore.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2882"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cosmalore.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2882"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cosmalore.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2882"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}