{"id":2849,"date":"2026-06-13T13:27:54","date_gmt":"2026-06-13T09:57:54","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/cosmalore.com\/ar\/?p=2849"},"modified":"2026-06-13T13:28:12","modified_gmt":"2026-06-13T09:58:12","slug":"%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ad%d8%b1%d8%a8-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a3%d9%87%d9%84%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a3%d9%85%d8%b1%d9%8a%d9%83%d9%8a%d8%a9","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/cosmalore.com\/ar\/wiki\/%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ad%d8%b1%d8%a8-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a3%d9%87%d9%84%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a3%d9%85%d8%b1%d9%8a%d9%83%d9%8a%d8%a9\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629"},"content":{"rendered":"

\n\u062a\u064f\u0639\u062f\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 (1861-1865\u0645) \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u062b\u064e \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a \u0642\u0627\u0637\u0628\u0629\u064b\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u0651\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0636\u062e\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0634\u0647\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 (1815\u0645) \u0648\u0628\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 (1914\u0645). \u0646\u0634\u0628\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644) \u0648\u0623\u062d\u062f \u0639\u0634\u0631 \u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0646\u0641\u0635\u0644\u062a \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0634\u0643\u0651\u0644\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0641\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0641\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628)\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629\u064f \u2014 \u0628\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0646\u0637\u0648\u064a \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0623\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u2014 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0628\u064e \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0630\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0646\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0639\u0646 \u0643\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0646\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0639 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0645\u0651\u0631.
\n[1]<\/a><\/sup>
\n\u062e\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0631\u0636\u0647\u0645 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f: \u0622\u0628\u0627\u0621 \u0636\u062f \u0623\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0648\u0625\u062e\u0648\u0629 \u0636\u062f \u0625\u062e\u0648\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0633\u0641\u0631\u062a \u0639\u0646 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0648\u062d \u0628\u064a\u0646 620,000 \u0648750,000 \u0642\u062a\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0628\u0627\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u2014 \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0631\u0642\u0645 \u064a\u0643\u0627\u062f \u064a\u0633\u0627\u0648\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u0629\u064b. \u0628\u062f\u0623\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0628\u0642\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628 \u0644\u062d\u0635\u0646 \u0633\u0645\u062a\u0631 (Fort Sumter) \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0639\u0634\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0644 1861\u0645\u060c \u0648\u062e\u0627\u0636\u062a \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 10,000 \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0634\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u0644\u0651\u062d\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u062a \u0628\u062a\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0631\u0627\u0644 \u0631\u0648\u0628\u0631\u062a \u0644\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u062b\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0628\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a\u0648\u0643\u0633 \u0643\u0648\u0631\u062a \u0647\u0627\u0648\u0633 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0633\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0644 1865\u0645. \u0623\u0641\u0631\u0632\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u062c\u0648\u0647\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0651\u0631\u062a \u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u0627: \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b \u0639\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0623\u0644\u063a\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0639\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0643\u0641\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0637\u0646\u0629 \u0644\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0645\u0633 \u0639\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0645\u0646\u062d \u062d\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0648\u064a\u062a \u0628\u0635\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0642 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u0646. \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0632\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u062f\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u2014 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0634\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u2014 \u062d\u064a\u0651\u0629\u064b \u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0629\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645.
\n[2]<\/a><\/sup>\n<\/p>\n

\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0629<\/td>\nAmerican Civil War \/ The War Between the States<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e<\/td>\n12 \u0623\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0644 1861 \u2013 9 \u0623\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0644 1865\u0645<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0629<\/td>\n\u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639 \u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639<\/td>\n\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629<\/td>\n\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f \u2014 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0625\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0623\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0632\u0627\u0639<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f (\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644)<\/td>\n24 \u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0623\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0647\u0627\u0645 \u0644\u064a\u0646\u0643\u0648\u0644\u0646<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0641\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628)<\/td>\n11 \u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0646\u0641\u0635\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062c\u064a\u0641\u0631\u0633\u0648\u0646 \u062f\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0633<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0648\u0646<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f<\/td>\n\u0623\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0647\u0627\u0645 \u0644\u064a\u0646\u0643\u0648\u0644\u0646 (\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u0627\u064b)\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0631\u0627\u0644 \u064a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0633 \u063a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u062a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0631\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0645 \u0634\u064a\u0631\u0645\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0631\u0627\u0644 \u062c\u0648\u0631\u062c \u0645\u0627\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0644\u0627\u0646<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0641\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n\u062c\u064a\u0641\u0631\u0633\u0648\u0646 \u062f\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0633 (\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u0627\u064b)\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0631\u0627\u0644 \u0631\u0648\u0628\u0631\u062a \u0644\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0631\u0627\u0644 \u0633\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0648\u0648\u0644 \u062c\u0627\u0643\u0633\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0631\u0627\u0644 \u062c\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0641 \u062c\u0648\u0646\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0646<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0631<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0642\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f<\/td>\n~2,100,000 \u062c\u0646\u062f\u064a (\u0637\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0642\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0641\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n~880,000 \u062c\u0646\u062f\u064a (\u0637\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0625\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0631<\/td>\n620,000 \u0625\u0644\u0649 750,000 \u0642\u062a\u064a\u0644 (\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0643 \u0648\u0623\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0636)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u062e\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f<\/td>\n~360,000 \u0642\u062a\u064a\u0644<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u062e\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0641\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n~260,000 \u0642\u062a\u064a\u0644<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0623\u0628\u0631\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0643<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0628\u0648\u0644 \u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649<\/td>\n21 \u064a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0648 1861 \u2014 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0631 \u0643\u0648\u0646\u0641\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0635\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0623\u0646\u062a\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0645<\/td>\n17 \u0633\u0628\u062a\u0645\u0628\u0631 1862 \u2014 \u0623\u062f\u0645\u0649 \u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a (22,000 \u0636\u062d\u064a\u0629)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u063a\u064a\u062a\u064a\u0633\u0628\u0631\u063a<\/td>\n1-3 \u064a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0648 1863 \u2014 \u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u0649 (~51,000 \u0636\u062d\u064a\u0629)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0623\u0628\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a\u0648\u0643\u0633<\/td>\n9 \u0623\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0644 1865 \u2014 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0644\u064a \u0648\u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b \u0639\u0634\u0631 (1865)<\/td>\n\u0625\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0639\u0634\u0631 (1868)<\/td>\n\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0637\u0646\u0629 \u0644\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0648\u0627\u0629 \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0645\u0633 \u0639\u0634\u0631 (1870)<\/td>\n\u062d\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0648\u064a\u062a \u0628\u063a\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u0646<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/table>\n
COSMALORE \u00b7 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0633\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

\u062c\u0630\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0627\u0639<\/h2>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629: \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u0645\u0646<\/h3>\n

\n\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0636\u0648\u0621 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0645\u062a\u062f\u0651 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0639\u0634\u0631. \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f \u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629\u061b \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0648\u0645\u0629\u064e \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0628\u0623\u0633\u0631\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645\u064e \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u064f\u062d\u062f\u0651\u062f \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a. \u0628\u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1860\u0645\u060c \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0628\u064e\u062f\u060c \u064a\u064f\u0645\u062b\u0651\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0628 \u062b\u0644\u062b \u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0642\u064a\u0645\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0648\u0635\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u00ab\u0645\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0629\u00bb \u062a\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0633\u0643\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0648\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u0646\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u0629\u064b.
\n[2]<\/a><\/sup>
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\n[3]<\/a><\/sup>\n<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a<\/h3>\n

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\n[4]<\/a><\/sup>\n<\/p>\n

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\n[5]<\/a><\/sup>\n<\/p>\n

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\n[3]<\/a><\/sup>\n<\/p>\n

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\n[6]<\/a><\/sup>\n<\/p>\n

\u0645\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628<\/h2>\n

\u0639\u0627\u0645 1861: \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639 \u0623\u0648\u0647\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u064a\u0631\u0629<\/h3>\n

\n\u0623\u0638\u0647\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u0649 \u2014 \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0628\u0648\u0644 \u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 (First Bull Run \/ First Manassas) \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u064a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0648 1861\u0645 \u0642\u0631\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0634\u0646\u0637\u0646 \u2014 \u0623\u0646 \u0645\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u064a\u064f\u062e\u0637\u0651\u0637 \u0644\u0647 \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0648\u0635\u0641\u0647 \u00ab\u0646\u0632\u0647\u0629\u064b \u0642\u0635\u064a\u0631\u0629\u00bb \u0644\u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0638\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f \u0633\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0634\u062f\u0651 \u0635\u0639\u0648\u0628\u0629\u064b \u0648\u0623\u0637\u0648\u0644 \u0623\u0645\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u062e\u064a\u0651\u0644\u0648\u0627. \u062a\u0648\u0642\u0651\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0634\u0646\u0637\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0631\u064e \u064a\u0648\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u062e\u0631\u062c\u0648\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0631\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0646\u0632\u0647\u0629 \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062e\u064a\u0648\u0644 \u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0647\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0641\u0648\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u0645 \u0628\u062f\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u062e\u0636\u0645\u0651 \u0627\u0646\u0633\u062d\u0627\u0628 \u0641\u0648\u0636\u0648\u064a \u0645\u0631\u0648\u0651\u0639 \u0625\u0630 \u0627\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0641\u0631\u0651\u062a \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0645\u0629. \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0644\u0642\u0628 \u00ab\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0648\u0648\u0644\u00bb (Stonewall\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u0631\u064a) \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0642 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0631\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0633 \u062c\u0627\u0643\u0633\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0623\u0628\u0631\u0632 \u0642\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0641\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0635\u0645\u0648\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0637\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0628\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062c\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f\u064a. \u0623\u064a\u0642\u0638\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u062d\u062c\u0645\u064e \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0645\u0647\u060c \u0648\u062f\u0641\u0639\u062a \u0644\u064a\u0646\u0643\u0648\u0644\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0639\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0631\u0627\u0644 \u062c\u0648\u0631\u062c \u0645\u0627\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0644\u0627\u0646 \u0642\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0634\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0634\u0631\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0634\u0647\u062f\u0647 \u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644.
\n[2]<\/a><\/sup>\n<\/p>\n

\u0639\u0627\u0645 1862: \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0639\u0637\u0641\u0627\u062a<\/h3>\n

\n\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1862\u0645 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0627\u064b \u062d\u0627\u0633\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0627\u062a\u0633\u0645 \u0628\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0643 \u0645\u062f\u0645\u0651\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u064a\u0642\u0629. \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0631\u062d \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a (\u063a\u0631\u0628 \u062c\u0628\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0634\u064a)\u060c \u0623\u062d\u0631\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0631\u0627\u0644 \u064a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0633 \u063a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0628\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0629\u061b \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u0644\u0639\u062a\u064e\u064a \u0647\u0646\u0631\u064a \u0648\u062f\u0648\u0646\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0646\u064a\u0633\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0641\u0628\u0631\u0627\u064a\u0631 1862\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0633\u0631 \u0645\u0639\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0646\u062d\u0648 13,000 \u062c\u0646\u062f\u064a \u0643\u0648\u0646\u0641\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062d\u0638\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u062c\u0639\u0644\u0647 \u0646\u062c\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0635\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f\u064a. \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062f\u0633 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0644 1862\u0645\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631\u062a \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0634\u064a\u0644\u0648 (Shiloh) \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0646\u064a\u0633\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0634\u0641\u062a \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u064a\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0646 23,000 \u0642\u062a\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u062c\u0631\u064a\u062d \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0635\u0627\u0639\u0642\u0629\u064b \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0623\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0632\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u064a\u0623\u0645\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0642\u0635\u064a\u0631\u0629. \u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0631\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642\u064a\u060c \u0641\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0633\u0644\u0651\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0631\u0627\u0644 \u0631\u0648\u0628\u0631\u062a \u0644\u064a \u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062c\u064a\u0634 \u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u064a\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u064a\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0648 1862\u0645 \u0648\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u0648\u0633\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0636\u0637\u0631\u062f\u0629 \u0623\u062d\u0628\u0637\u062a \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0631\u064a\u062a\u0634\u0645\u0648\u0646\u062f \u0639\u0627\u0635\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0641\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629.
\n[7]<\/a><\/sup>\n<\/p>\n

\u0623\u0646\u062a\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0645: \u0623\u062f\u0645\u0649 \u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a<\/h3>\n

\n\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0639\u0634\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0633\u0628\u062a\u0645\u0628\u0631 1862\u0645\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631\u062a \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0623\u0646\u062a\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0645 (Antietam\/Sharpsburg) \u0642\u0631\u0628 \u0634\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0628\u0631\u063a \u0628\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0623\u0648\u0644 \u063a\u0632\u0648\u0629 \u0643\u0628\u0631\u0649 \u0644\u062c\u064a\u0634 \u0644\u064a \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629. \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062f\u0649 \u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644\u060c \u062a\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0631\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u064a \u0648\u0645\u0627\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0644\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062c\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0647\u062c\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0634\u062a\u0639\u0644\u062a \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0631\u0629 \u062b\u0645 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0644\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0633\u0631 \u0623\u0646\u062a\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u0631\u064a \u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u062f\u0627\u0646. \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0646\u0633\u062d\u0627\u0628 \u0644\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u064a\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u064f\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0631\u0627\u064b \u062a\u0643\u062a\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647 \u062c\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u062b\u0645\u0646 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u064f\u0648\u0635\u0641: \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 22,000 \u0642\u062a\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u062c\u0631\u064a\u062d \u0648\u0645\u0641\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0639\u0634\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0633\u0628\u062a\u0645\u0628\u0631 1862\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645\u064e \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u062f\u0645\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a \u0628\u0623\u0633\u0631\u0647\u060c \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u064f\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645.
\n[8]<\/a><\/sup>
\n\u0648\u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0641\u062d\u0633\u0628\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u062f\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u0627\u0626\u0644\u0629: \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0645\u0646\u062d\u062a \u0644\u064a\u0646\u0643\u0648\u0644\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0635\u0629\u064e \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u064a\u0646\u062a\u0638\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0631\u0633\u0648\u0645 \u062a\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u064a\u062f (Emancipation Proclamation)\u060c \u0625\u0630 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0648\u0647 \u0642\u062f \u0646\u0635\u062d\u0648\u0647 \u0628\u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0625\u0635\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0648\u0642\u062a \u062a\u0643\u0627\u0628\u062f \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0645\u060c \u0644\u0626\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0628\u062f\u0648 \u0641\u0639\u0644\u0627\u064b \u064a\u0627\u0626\u0633\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0627 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0642\u0648\u0629.\n<\/p>\n

\u0645\u0631\u0633\u0648\u0645 \u062a\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u064a\u062f<\/h2>\n

\n\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u064a\u0646\u0627\u064a\u0631 1863\u0645\u060c \u0623\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0644\u064a\u0646\u0643\u0648\u0644\u0646 \u0645\u0631\u0633\u0648\u0645 \u062a\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u064a\u062f (Emancipation Proclamation)\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0628\u064e\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0651\u062f\u0629 \u00ab\u0623\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0641\u0635\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0627\u064b\u00bb. \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0633\u0648\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0642\u0644\u0651 \u0634\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0628\u062f\u0648: \u0641\u0647\u0648 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0628\u064e\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f \u0643\u0630 \u0645\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062f \u0648\u0643\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0643\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0636\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0637\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u064f\u0644\u0632\u0645 \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0632\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u0645\u0631\u062f \u2014 \u0623\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0643\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0648\u0636\u0639 \u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630\u0647 \u0641\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0627\u064b. \u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u062a\u0647\u064f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0645\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0629\u064b \u0628\u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632\u062a \u0642\u064a\u0648\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629: \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0623\u0639\u0627\u062f \u062a\u0623\u0637\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0628\u0623\u0643\u0645\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0646\u0642\u0644\u0629\u064b \u0646\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u00ab\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0644\u0635\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f\u00bb \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u00ab\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0644\u0625\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629\u00bb\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u063a\u0644\u0642 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0623\u064a \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0641\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0625\u0630 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u0627 \u0648\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627 \u2014 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0627 \u062a\u064f\u0641\u0643\u0651\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u2014 \u062a\u0631\u0641\u0636\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u064f\u0635\u0648\u064e\u0651\u0631\u0627 \u0645\u064f\u062f\u0627\u0641\u0639\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0646 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0634\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0647\u0645\u0627.
\n[9]<\/a><\/sup>
\n\u0641\u0636\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0623\u062c\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0633\u0648\u0645 \u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0627\u064b \u062a\u062c\u0646\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u062f \u0641\u064a \u062c\u064a\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f\u060c \u0641\u0627\u0646\u0636\u0645\u0651 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0646\u062d\u0648 180,000 \u0625\u0644\u0649 200,000 \u062c\u0646\u062f\u064a \u0623\u0633\u0648\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0635\u0641\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f\u060c \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0628\u064e\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0631\u0651\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628 \u2014 \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u062f \u0630\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0629\u064b \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0648\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u0646\u064a\u0647.
\n[10]<\/a><\/sup>\n<\/p>\n

\u063a\u064a\u062a\u064a\u0633\u0628\u0631\u063a: \u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644<\/h2>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0628<\/h3>\n

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\n[8]<\/a><\/sup>
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\n\u2014 \u0623\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0647\u0627\u0645 \u0644\u064a\u0646\u0643\u0648\u0644\u0646\u060c \u062e\u0637\u0627\u0628 \u063a\u064a\u062a\u064a\u0633\u0628\u0631\u063a\u060c \u0646\u0648\u0641\u0645\u0628\u0631 1863\u0645<\/strong>\n<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628: \u063a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0648\u0641\u064a\u0643\u0633\u0628\u0631\u063a<\/h2>\n

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\n[9]<\/a><\/sup>\n<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629: \u0634\u064a\u0631\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0631\u0648\u0642\u0629<\/h2>\n

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\n[11]<\/a><\/sup>
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\u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628<\/h2>\n

\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0623\u0628\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a\u0648\u0643\u0633 \u0648\u0627\u063a\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0644 \u0644\u064a\u0646\u0643\u0648\u0644\u0646<\/h3>\n

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\n[12]<\/a><\/sup>
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\n[3]<\/a><\/sup>\n<\/p>\n

\u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629<\/h2>\n

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\n[13]<\/a><\/sup>
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\n[14]<\/a><\/sup>\n<\/p>\n

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\n[6]<\/a><\/sup>\n<\/p>\n

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