{"id":2837,"date":"2026-06-13T13:15:14","date_gmt":"2026-06-13T09:45:14","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/cosmalore.com\/ar\/?p=2837"},"modified":"2026-06-13T13:15:14","modified_gmt":"2026-06-13T09:45:14","slug":"%d8%a5%d9%85%d8%a8%d8%b1%d8%a7%d8%b7%d9%88%d8%b1%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d8%ba%d8%a7%d9%86%d8%a7","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/cosmalore.com\/ar\/wiki\/%d8%a5%d9%85%d8%a8%d8%b1%d8%a7%d8%b7%d9%88%d8%b1%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d8%ba%d8%a7%d9%86%d8%a7\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0625\u0645\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0637\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u063a\u0627\u0646\u0627"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629<\/h2>\n

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\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629<\/h2>\n
\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0623\u0647\u0644\u0647\u0627<\/td>\n\u0648\u0627\u063a\u0627\u062f\u0648 (Wagadou \/ Wagadu) \u2014 \u062a\u0639\u0646\u064a “\u0623\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0628” \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u062f\u064a\u0629[5]<\/a><\/sup><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n\u0625\u0645\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0637\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u063a\u0627\u0646\u0627 \/ \u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u063a\u0627\u0646\u0627 (Ghana \u2014 \u0644\u0642\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0643\u0645)[6]<\/a><\/sup><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a 300\u0645 \u2014 1240\u0645 (\u0645\u0639 \u0630\u0631\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0634\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0639\u0634\u0631)[7]<\/a><\/sup><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0645\u0629<\/td>\n\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0628\u064a \u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d (Koumbi Saleh) \u2014 \u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628 \u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0645\u0648\u0631\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629[8]<\/a><\/sup><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0651\u0633<\/td>\n\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0646\u0643\u064a (Soninke) \u2014 \u0641\u0631\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0634\u0639\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u062f\u064a \u0641\u064a \u063a\u0631\u0628 \u0623\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0627[9]<\/a><\/sup><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0643\u0645\u0629<\/td>\n\u0623\u0633\u0631\u0629 \u0633\u064a\u0633\u064a (Ciss\u00e9) \u2014 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0643\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0645\u0627\u063a\u0627 \u0633\u064a\u0633\u064a[10]<\/a><\/sup><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645<\/td>\n\u0645\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0637\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u2014 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643 \u0645\u0644\u0643\u064c \u062f\u064a\u0646\u064a\u064c\u0651 \u0648\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u064c\u0651 \u0648\u0642\u0636\u0627\u0626\u064a\u064c\u0651 \u0641\u064a \u0622\u0646\u064d \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f[11]<\/a><\/sup><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n\u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0648\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629) \u2014 \u062b\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0639\u0634\u0631[12]<\/a><\/sup><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0627\u062a<\/td>\n\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0646\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0646\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u062f\u064a\u0629\u061b \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a[13]<\/a><\/sup><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a<\/td>\n\u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628 \u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0645\u0648\u0631\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u063a\u0631\u0628 \u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u063a\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u064a\u0646[14]<\/a><\/sup><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0631\u0648\u0629<\/td>\n\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a 650,000 \u0643\u064a\u0644\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631 \u0645\u0631\u0628\u0639 (\u0639\u0627\u0645 1000\u0645)[15]<\/a><\/sup><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0631\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n\u0627\u0644\u0630\u0647\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u062c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u062d \u0648\u0636\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0628 \u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629[16]<\/a><\/sup><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n\u062d\u062a\u0649 200,000 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u062a\u0644 \u0648\u0641\u0642 \u0648\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0643\u0631\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 1067\u0645[17]<\/a><\/sup><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0623\u0628\u0631\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0648\u0643<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0637\u0648\u0631\u064a<\/td>\n\u062f\u0650\u064a\u064e\u0628\u064a \u0633\u064a\u0633\u064a (Diabe Ciss\u00e9) \u2014 \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0648\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0641\u0647\u064a[18]<\/a><\/sup><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0623\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u064a\u0646<\/td>\n\u0643\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0645\u0627\u063a\u0627 \u0633\u064a\u0633\u064a (700\u0645) \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0643\u0627 \u0645\u0627\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0646 (1063-1076\u0645) \u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0638\u0645\u0627\u0621[19]<\/a><\/sup><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0631\u062b<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n\u063a\u0632\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0633\u0642\u0648\u0637 \u0643\u0648\u0645\u0628\u064a \u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d \u0639\u0627\u0645 1076\u0645[20]<\/a><\/sup><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0645\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0637\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 1240\u0645[21]<\/a><\/sup><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062b\u0629<\/td>\n\u0625\u0645\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0637\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a (1240\u0645) \u062b\u0645 \u0625\u0645\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0637\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0633\u0648\u0646\u063a\u0627\u064a (1375\u0645)[22]<\/a><\/sup><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0625\u0631\u062b\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0631<\/td>\n\u0627\u0633\u062a\u064f\u0639\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u063a\u0627\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1957\u0645[23]<\/a><\/sup><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
COSMALORE \u00b7 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0633\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629<\/div>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a: \u0645\u0646\u0634\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0636\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a<\/h2>\n

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