{"id":2832,"date":"2026-06-13T13:11:51","date_gmt":"2026-06-13T09:41:51","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/cosmalore.com\/ar\/?p=2832"},"modified":"2026-06-13T13:11:51","modified_gmt":"2026-06-13T09:41:51","slug":"%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a5%d9%85%d8%a8%d8%b1%d8%a7%d8%b7%d9%88%d8%b1%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%aa%d9%8a%d9%85%d9%88%d8%b1%d9%8a%d8%a9","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/cosmalore.com\/ar\/wiki\/%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a5%d9%85%d8%a8%d8%b1%d8%a7%d8%b7%d9%88%d8%b1%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%aa%d9%8a%d9%85%d9%88%d8%b1%d9%8a%d8%a9\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0637\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0645\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629<\/h2>\n<p>\u062a\u064f\u0639\u062f\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0637\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0645\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 (1370-1507\u0645) \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0634\u062f\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0636\u0627\u064b \u0648\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0629\u064b \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0636\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u061b \u0625\u0645\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0637\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629\u064c \u0623\u0633\u0651\u0633\u0647\u0627 \u0631\u062c\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f \u0630\u0648 \u0639\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u062d\u0634\u0629 \u0648\u062d\u0633\u064d\u0651 \u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0631\u0641\u064a\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0622\u0646\u064d \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u060c \u0641\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0647\u0631\u0627\u0645\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0639\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0642\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0633\u0645\u0631\u0642\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0633\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0627 \u0646\u0638\u064a\u0631 \u0644\u0647\u0627<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.medievalists.net\/2025\/06\/timur-the-lames-pyramids-of-skulls-terror-as-a-medieval-imperial-strategy\/\" title=\"1|Timur Skull Pyramids Terror|Medievalists.net|2025\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[1]<\/a><\/sup>. \u0623\u0633\u0651\u0633\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u064a\u0645\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0646\u0643 (\u062a\u064a\u0645\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u064a\u0645\u0648\u0631\u0644\u0646\u0643) \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0631\u0644\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u063a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0627 \u0648\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0631 (\u0623\u0648\u0632\u0628\u0643\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u064b)\u060c \u0648\u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0633\u0645\u0631\u0642\u0646\u062f \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0636\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0634\u0639\u0651 \u0645\u0646\u0647 \u0646\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0636\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0645\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0622\u0641\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0641\u0629\u064b<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.worldhistory.org\/Timur\/\" title=\"2|Timur World History Encyclopedia|World History Encyclopedia|2025\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[2]<\/a><\/sup>. \u0641\u064a \u063a\u0636\u0648\u0646 \u062e\u0645\u0633\u0629 \u0648\u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0641\u062d\u0633\u0628\u060c \u0623\u062e\u0636\u0639 \u062a\u064a\u0645\u0648\u0631 \u0622\u0633\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0649 \u0628\u0623\u0633\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0648\u0623\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u0631\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0634\u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0636\u0648\u0644\u060c \u0645\u064f\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0627\u064b \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0632\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0643 \u0648\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0646\u0629 \u062f\u0647\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0647\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u064f\u062d\u0635\u0649<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.metmuseum.org\/essays\/the-art-of-the-timurid-period-ca-1370-1507\" title=\"3|Timurid Period Metropolitan Museum|Metropolitan Museum of Art|2024\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[3]<\/a><\/sup>. \u0648\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0648\u0641\u0627\u0629 \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1405\u0645\u060c \u062a\u062d\u0648\u0651\u0644\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0637\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u064a\u062f \u062e\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0626\u0647 \u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0630\u0647\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0648\u0641\u062a\u062d \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0627\u0636\u0646\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0636\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u0649 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0643 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628\u060c \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u062a \u064a\u064f\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0628\u0640&#8221;\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0636\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0645\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629&#8221; \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u064f\u0642\u0627\u0631\u064e\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0636\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0622\u0646\u064d \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.eureporter.co\/world\/central-asia\/2022\/11\/03\/timurid-renaissance-the-era-of-revival-of-art-and-science-in-central-asia\/\" title=\"4|Timurid Renaissance EU Reporter|EU Reporter|2022\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[4]<\/a><\/sup>. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0625\u0631\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0645\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u064a\u0651\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0633\u0642\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0637\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0625\u0630 \u0623\u0633\u0651\u0633 \u0628\u0627\u0628\u0648\u0631 \u062d\u0641\u064a\u062f \u062a\u064a\u0645\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0637\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629\u064e \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f \u0639\u0627\u0645 1526\u0645\u060c \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0636\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0648\u0651\u062c \u0628\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0645\u062d\u0644\u0651 \u0623\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u0622\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a.<\/p>\n<h2>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629<\/h2>\n<div class=\"infobox\">\n<table border=\"1\" cellpadding=\"10\" cellspacing=\"0\" style=\"width:100%;border-collapse:collapse\">\n<tr class=\"ib-sec\">\n<td colspan=\"2\"><strong>\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"ib-row\">\n<td class=\"ib-label\">\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a<\/td>\n<td class=\"ib-val\">\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0637\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0645\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \/ \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0645\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 (Timurid Empire)<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/Timurid-dynasty\" title=\"5|Timurid Dynasty Britannica|Britannica|2024\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[5]<\/a><\/sup><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"ib-row\">\n<td class=\"ib-label\">\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0633\u064a\u0633<\/td>\n<td class=\"ib-val\">9 \u0623\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0644 1370\u0645 \u2014 \u062a\u062a\u0648\u064a\u062c \u062a\u064a\u0645\u0648\u0631 \u0623\u0645\u064a\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0644\u062e<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Timurid_Empire\" title=\"6|Timurid Empire Founded 1370|Wikipedia|2024\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[6]<\/a><\/sup><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"ib-row\">\n<td class=\"ib-label\">\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0642\u0648\u0637<\/td>\n<td class=\"ib-val\">1507\u0645 \u2014 \u0633\u0642\u0648\u0637 \u0647\u0631\u0627\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0632\u0628\u0643 \u0628\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0634\u064a\u0628\u0627\u0646\u064a<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/Timurid-dynasty\" title=\"7|Timurid Fall 1507 Herat|Britannica|2024\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[7]<\/a><\/sup><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"ib-row\">\n<td class=\"ib-label\">\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649<\/td>\n<td class=\"ib-val\">\u0633\u0645\u0631\u0642\u0646\u062f (\u0641\u064a \u0639\u0647\u062f \u062a\u064a\u0645\u0648\u0631 \u0648\u0623\u062d\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0646)<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.worldhistory.org\/Timur\/\" title=\"8|Samarkand Timurid Capital|World History Encyclopedia|2025\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[8]<\/a><\/sup><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"ib-row\">\n<td class=\"ib-label\">\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<td class=\"ib-val\">\u0647\u0631\u0627\u0629 (\u0641\u064a \u0639\u0647\u062f \u0634\u0627\u0647 \u0631\u062e \u0648\u062e\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0626\u0647)<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.metmuseum.org\/essays\/the-art-of-the-timurid-period-ca-1370-1507\" title=\"9|Herat Timurid Capital|Metropolitan Museum|2024\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[9]<\/a><\/sup><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"ib-row\">\n<td class=\"ib-label\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633<\/td>\n<td class=\"ib-val\">\u062a\u064a\u0645\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0646\u0643 (\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u062a\u064a\u0645\u0648\u0631 \u06af\u0648\u0631\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a) 1336-1405\u0645<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Timur\" title=\"10|Timur Tamerlane Britannica|Britannica|2024\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[10]<\/a><\/sup><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"ib-row\">\n<td class=\"ib-label\">\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0643\u0645\u0629<\/td>\n<td class=\"ib-val\">\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0645\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 (\u06af\u0648\u0631\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a) \u2014 \u0641\u0631\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0631\u0644\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u063a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Timurid_dynasty\" title=\"11|Timurid Dynasty Barlas|Wikipedia|2024\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[11]<\/a><\/sup><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"ib-row\">\n<td class=\"ib-label\">\u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<td class=\"ib-val\">\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u064a (\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0630\u0647\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0646\u0641\u064a)<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Timurid_dynasty\" title=\"12|Timurid Islam Hanafi|Wikipedia|2024\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[12]<\/a><\/sup><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"ib-row\">\n<td class=\"ib-label\">\u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<td class=\"ib-val\">\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0631\u0633\u064a\u0629 (\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0636\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628) \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u062a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 (\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0627\u0645)<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.metmuseum.org\/essays\/the-art-of-the-timurid-period-ca-1370-1507\" title=\"13|Timurid Persian Chagatai|Metropolitan Museum|2024\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[13]<\/a><\/sup><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"ib-sec\">\n<td colspan=\"2\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0639<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"ib-row\">\n<td class=\"ib-label\">\u0642\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0637\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<td class=\"ib-val\">\u0645\u0627 \u0648\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0631 (\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0623\u0643\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627) \u2014 \u0623\u0648\u0632\u0628\u0643\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0637\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0643\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0623\u0641\u063a\u0627\u0646\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u064b<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.worldhistory.org\/Timur\/\" title=\"14|Transoxiana Timurid Core|World History Encyclopedia|2025\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[14]<\/a><\/sup><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"ib-row\">\n<td class=\"ib-label\">\u0623\u0642\u0635\u0649 \u0627\u0645\u062a\u062f\u0627\u062f \u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a<\/td>\n<td class=\"ib-val\">\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0636\u0648\u0644 \u063a\u0631\u0628\u0627\u064b \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u062f \u0634\u0631\u0642\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0642\u0627\u0632 \u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628\u0627\u064b<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.metmuseum.org\/essays\/the-art-of-the-timurid-period-ca-1370-1507\" title=\"15|Timurid Empire Extent|Metropolitan Museum|2024\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[15]<\/a><\/sup><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"ib-sec\">\n<td colspan=\"2\"><strong>\u0623\u0628\u0631\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0627\u0645<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"ib-row\">\n<td class=\"ib-label\">\u062a\u064a\u0645\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0646\u0643 (\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633)<\/td>\n<td class=\"ib-val\">1370-1405\u0645 \u2014 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u062a\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0637\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Timur\" title=\"16|Timur Reign 1370-1405|Britannica|2024\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[16]<\/a><\/sup><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"ib-row\">\n<td class=\"ib-label\">\u0634\u0627\u0647 \u0631\u062e (\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u0646)<\/td>\n<td class=\"ib-val\">1405-1447\u0645 \u2014 \u0645\u062d\u064a\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0636\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0647\u0631\u0627\u0629<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.metmuseum.org\/essays\/the-art-of-the-timurid-period-ca-1370-1507\" title=\"17|Shah Rukh Reign|Metropolitan Museum|2024\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[17]<\/a><\/sup><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"ib-row\">\n<td class=\"ib-label\">\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0648\u063a \u0628\u064a\u0643 (\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u064a\u062f)<\/td>\n<td class=\"ib-val\">1409-1449\u0645 \u2014 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0643 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0647\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/thediplomaticinsight.com\/amir-temur-intellectual-foundations-timurid\/\" title=\"18|Ulugh Beg Astronomy|Diplomatic Insight|2026\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[18]<\/a><\/sup><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"ib-row\">\n<td class=\"ib-label\">\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u064a\u0642\u0631\u0627<\/td>\n<td class=\"ib-val\">1470-1506\u0645 \u2014 \u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0638\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0631\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0628\u0647\u0632\u0627\u062f<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/roguearthistorian.substack.com\/p\/skyhigh-domes-inkdark-secrets-the\" title=\"19|Husayn Bayqara Arts Patron|Rogue Art Historian|2024\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[19]<\/a><\/sup><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"ib-sec\">\n<td colspan=\"2\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0631\u062b<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"ib-row\">\n<td class=\"ib-label\">\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0637\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062b\u0629<\/td>\n<td class=\"ib-val\">\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0637\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f (1526-1857\u0645) \u2014 \u0623\u0633\u0651\u0633\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0628\u0648\u0631 \u062d\u0641\u064a\u062f \u062a\u064a\u0645\u0648\u0631<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Timurid_dynasty\" title=\"20|Babur Mughal Empire Timurid|Wikipedia|2024\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[20]<\/a><\/sup><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"ib-row\">\n<td class=\"ib-label\">\u0623\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<td class=\"ib-val\">\u0627\u0644\u0631\u062c\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0645\u0631\u0642\u0646\u062f\u060c \u0645\u0633\u062c\u062f \u0628\u064a\u0628\u064a \u062e\u0627\u0646\u0645\u060c \u0636\u0631\u064a\u062d \u06af\u0648\u0631 \u0623\u0645\u064a\u0631\u060c \u0645\u0631\u0635\u062f \u0623\u0648\u0644\u0648\u063a \u0628\u064a\u0643<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/architectureofcities.com\/timurid-architecture\" title=\"21|Timurid Architecture Registan|Architecture of Cities|2025\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[21]<\/a><\/sup><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<div class=\"ib-foot\">COSMALORE \u00b7 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0633\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629<\/div>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<h2>\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0630\u0648\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a: \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0648\u0644<\/h2>\n<p>\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0638\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u062a\u064a\u0645\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0646\u0643 \u0648\u0625\u0645\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0637\u0648\u0631\u064a\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0645\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0623\u0641\u0631\u0632\u0647 \u0627\u0646\u0647\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0637\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u0649 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b \u0639\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062f\u064a. \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0637\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u0633\u0651\u0633\u0647\u0627 \u062c\u0646\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u062e\u0627\u0646 \u0642\u062f \u062a\u0641\u0643\u0643\u062a \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0648\u0641\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639 \u062f\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0643\u0628\u0631\u0649 (\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a) \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062b\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u062d\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647: \u062e\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062c\u063a\u062a\u0627\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0622\u0633\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0649\u060c \u0648\u062e\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u064a\u0644 \u062e\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0647\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0631\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0642\u0627\u0632\u060c \u0648\u0625\u0645\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0637\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.worldhistory.org\/Timur\/\" title=\"22|Mongol Empire Fragmentation|World History Encyclopedia|2025\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[22]<\/a><\/sup>. \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u062a\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0639\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062f\u064a\u060c \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0646\u0647\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0639 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0648\u0637\u0623\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0639\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0627\u062d \u0623\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0627 \u0628\u0623\u0633\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0642\u0636\u0649 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062b\u0644\u062b \u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0636\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0636\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629. \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0627 \u0648\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0631 (\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0623\u0643\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627) \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u064f\u0645\u062b\u0651\u0644 \u0642\u0644\u0628 \u0622\u0633\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0649 \u0648\u062a\u0636\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0638\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0643\u0633\u0645\u0631\u0642\u0646\u062f \u0648\u0628\u062e\u0627\u0631\u0649 \u0648\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0631\u0632\u0645 \u0645\u064a\u062f\u0627\u0646\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0636\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0632\u0639 \u0623\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u063a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0651\u0632\u0629 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0623\u064a\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0643\u064a\u0632\u064a<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/depts.washington.edu\/silkroad\/exhibit\/timurids\/essay.html\" title=\"23|Transoxiana Political Chaos|University Washington|2024\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[23]<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u064f\u0644\u062f \u062a\u064a\u0645\u0648\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u0637\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0639\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062f\u064a (\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062c\u062d \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a 1336\u0645) \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0643\u064e\u0634 (\u0634\u0647\u0631 \u0633\u0628\u0632 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u064b) \u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628 \u0633\u0645\u0631\u0642\u0646\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0648\u0632\u0628\u0643\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0631\u0629<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Timur\" title=\"24|Timur Born Kesh|Britannica|2024\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[24]<\/a><\/sup>. \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u0628\u0648\u0647 \u0623\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u0637\u0631\u0642\u0627\u064a \u0632\u0639\u064a\u0645 \u0642\u0628\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0631\u0644\u0627\u0633\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0642\u0628\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u063a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u0651\u0632\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0622\u0633\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0649 \u0648\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0651\u0632\u062a \u0648\u062a\u0628\u0646\u0651\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0639\u0648\u0636\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u063a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0646\u0634\u0623 \u062a\u064a\u0645\u0648\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062d\u064a\u0637 \u0645\u0632\u062f\u0648\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0631\u0648\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u063a\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0643\u064a\u0632\u064a \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645\u0629<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Timur\" title=\"25|Timur Barlas Tribe Background|Wikipedia|2024\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[25]<\/a><\/sup>. \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0626\u0647 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0633\u0631\u0629 \u0646\u0628\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0628\u064a\u0644\u062a\u0647\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0634\u0628\u0627\u0628\u0647 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0643\u0646 \u0645\u0641\u0631\u0648\u0634\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0648\u062f\u061b \u0641\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0639\u0631\u0651\u0636 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0637\u0644\u0639 \u062d\u064a\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0644\u0625\u0635\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0627\u0642\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0646\u0649 \u0648\u0630\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0646\u0649 \u062c\u0639\u0644\u062a\u0647 \u064a\u0639\u0631\u062c \u0637\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u062d\u064a\u0627\u062a\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0639\u0637\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u0645\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0647\u064a\u0631 &#8220;\u062a\u064a\u0645\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0646\u0643&#8221; \u0623\u0648 &#8220;\u062a\u064a\u0645\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0631\u062c&#8221; \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0631\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0648\u0651\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 &#8220;\u062a\u0627\u0645\u0631\u0644\u0627\u0646&#8221; \u0623\u0648 &#8220;\u062a\u064a\u0645\u0648\u0631\u0644\u0646\u0643&#8221;<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.worldhistory.org\/Timur\/\" title=\"26|Timur Lame Name Etymology|World History Encyclopedia|2025\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[26]<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p>\n<p>\u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0627\u0641\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0627\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0631\u0648\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u062d\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u062a\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0639\u0646 \u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u064a\u0651\u0641. \u062a\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0641 \u062a\u064a\u0645\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u0639 \u0623\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u062d\u0641\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u0642\u0632\u063a\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u064a\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646\u0627 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0625\u062e\u0636\u0627\u0639 \u0645\u0627 \u0648\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0631 \u0648\u0637\u0631\u062f \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u062e\u0648\u062c\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u063a\u0648\u0644\u064a. \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0645\u0648\u062d \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0631\u0641\u064a\u0642\u0627\u064b \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0627\u064b\u061b \u0641\u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0651\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0648\u0631\u060c \u0627\u0646\u0642\u0644\u0628 \u062a\u064a\u0645\u0648\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0644\u064a\u0641\u0647 \u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u062d\u0627\u0635\u0631\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0644\u062e\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0645\u0642\u062a\u0644\u0647 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1370\u0645 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0646 \u062a\u064a\u0645\u0648\u0631 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647 \u0633\u064a\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0637\u0644\u0642\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0627 \u0648\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0631 \u0648\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u062c\u063a\u062a\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0639\u064a\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0645\u062c\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u063a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Timur\" title=\"27|Timur Overthrow Husayn 1370|Britannica|2024\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[27]<\/a><\/sup>. \u0648\u0644\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0641\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0643\u0645\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0632\u0627\u0644 \u064a\u064f\u0639\u0644\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0634\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0643\u064a\u0632\u064a\u060c \u062a\u0632\u0648\u0651\u062c \u062a\u064a\u0645\u0648\u0631 \u0623\u0645\u064a\u0631\u0629\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0643\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u062a\u0651\u062e\u0630 \u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647 \u0644\u0642\u0628 &#8220;\u06af\u0648\u0631\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a&#8221; (\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643\u064a) \u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629\u064b \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0648\u0627\u062c\u060c \u0645\u064f\u062b\u0628\u062a\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u062d\u0636\u0648\u0631\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0643\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0633\u0629 \u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0643\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u062f\u0645 \u062c\u0646\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0631\u0648\u0642\u0647<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/baike.baidu.com\/en\/item\/Timurid%20dynasty\/1479664\" title=\"28|Timur Gurkhani Title|Baidu Encyclopedia|2024\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[28]<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p>\n<h2>\u062a\u064a\u0645\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633: \u0641\u0627\u062a\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0647\u0627<\/h2>\n<p>\u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0644\u062a\u064a\u0645\u0648\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0645\u0631\u0642\u0646\u062f \u0639\u0627\u0645 1370\u0645\u060c \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u0625\u0645\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0637\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u062e\u064a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u062d\u0644\u0645 \u0628\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0626\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0636 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0645\u0641\u0643\u0651\u0643 \u0648\u0645\u0636\u0637\u0631\u0628. \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u062a\u064a\u0645\u0648\u0631 \u064a\u062a\u0645\u062a\u0639 \u0628\u0645\u0648\u0647\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0643\u0627\u062f \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u061b \u0641\u0644\u0645 \u064a\u064f\u0647\u0632\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0637\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0633\u064a\u0631\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0645\u062a\u062f\u062a \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0639\u0642\u0648\u062f<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Timur\" title=\"29|Timur Undefeated Battle|Wikipedia|2024\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[29]<\/a><\/sup>. \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u064a\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u062a\u064a\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062c\u064a\u0648\u0634\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u062e\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0634\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0634\u0627\u0633\u0639\u0629. \u0634\u0646\u0651 \u062a\u064a\u0645\u0648\u0631 \u062d\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0628\u062a\u0648\u0637\u064a\u062f \u0633\u064a\u0637\u0631\u062a\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0627 \u0648\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0631 (1370-1380\u0645)\u060c \u062b\u0645 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u062e\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u0646 (1380-1387\u0645)\u060c \u062b\u0645 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0642\u0627\u0632 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0648\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627 (1387-1401\u0645)\u060c \u0641\u063a\u0632\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f (1398\u0645)\u060c \u062b\u0645 \u0639\u0627\u062f \u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0636\u0648\u0644 (1402\u0645)\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u064a\u0639\u062f\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u063a\u0632\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u062f\u0631\u0643\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1405\u0645<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"http:\/\/empirehistory.weebly.com\/timurid-empire.html\" title=\"30|Timur Military Campaigns Phases|Empire History|2024\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[30]<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p>\n<p>\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0645\u0648\u0631\u064a \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0632\u064a\u062c \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0639\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0633\u0648\u0628. \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u062f\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u062a\u064a\u0645\u0648\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0644\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0641\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0643\u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u064a\u064f\u062f\u0645\u062c \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0645\u0639 \u0633\u0644\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u064a\u0623\u0633\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0635\u0648\u0645\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ebsco.com\/research-starters\/military-history-and-science\/battle-ankara\" title=\"31|Timurid Military Cavalry Elephants|EBSCO|2024\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[31]<\/a><\/sup>. \u0627\u0628\u062a\u0643\u0631 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0628 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u064a\u062f\u0631\u0633 \u0646\u0642\u0627\u0637 \u0636\u0639\u0641 \u062e\u0635\u0648\u0645\u0647 \u0628\u0639\u0646\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0642\u0636\u0627\u0636 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0645. \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0635\u0639\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0639\u0628 \u0643\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u062a\u064a\u0645\u0648\u0631 \u064a\u0631\u0641\u0639\u0647 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c \u0645\u062d\u0633\u0648\u0628\u061b \u0641\u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0623\u0647\u0631\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0634\u064a\u0651\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u062c\u0632\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a \u0646\u0632\u0648\u0629\u064b \u062f\u0645\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0644 \u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0629\u064b \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u062a\u064f\u0639\u0644\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646\u0627\u0621<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.medievalists.net\/2025\/06\/timur-the-lames-pyramids-of-skulls-terror-as-a-medieval-imperial-strategy\/\" title=\"32|Skull Pyramids Psychological Terror|Medievalists.net|2025\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[32]<\/a><\/sup>. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0648\u062b\u0651\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u064a\u0645\u0648\u0631 \u0623\u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0631\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0635\u0641\u0647\u0627\u0646 (1387\u0645) \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u0623\u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0633\u0628\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0644\u0641 \u0634\u062e\u0635 \u0648\u0646\u0638\u0651\u0645 \u062c\u0645\u0627\u062c\u0645\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u062e\u0645\u0633\u0629 \u0648\u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u064a\u0646 \u0647\u0631\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0645\u0631\u0651\u062f\u0647\u0627<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.medievalists.net\/2025\/06\/timur-the-lames-pyramids-of-skulls-terror-as-a-medieval-imperial-strategy\/\" title=\"33|Isfahan Massacre 70000 Skulls|Medievalists.net|2025\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[33]<\/a><\/sup>\u060c \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0628\u063a\u062f\u0627\u062f (1401\u0645) \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0631\u064f\u062a\u0651\u0628\u062a \u062a\u0633\u0639\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0644\u0641 \u062c\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0626\u0629 \u0648\u0639\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0647\u0631\u0645\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0648\u0641\u064a \u062d\u0644\u0628 \u0648\u062f\u0645\u0634\u0642 \u0648\u062a\u0643\u0631\u064a\u062a \u0648\u0633\u064a\u0648\u0627\u0633 \u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062c\u0631\u0651\u0623\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.medievalists.net\/2025\/06\/timur-the-lames-pyramids-of-skulls-terror-as-a-medieval-imperial-strategy\/\" title=\"34|Baghdad 90000 Skulls 120 Towers|Medievalists.net|2025\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[34]<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p>\n<p>\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u060c \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u062a\u064a\u0645\u0648\u0631 \u064a\u064f\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0648\u062c\u0647\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062e\u0631 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0633\u062a\u0633\u0644\u0645 \u0637\u0648\u0639\u0627\u064b \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u064f\u0642\u062f\u0651\u0645 \u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0641\u064a\u064f\u0643\u0631\u0645 \u0623\u0647\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u064a\u064f\u062c\u0644\u0628 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0645\u0631\u0642\u0646\u062f \u0644\u064a\u064f\u0633\u0647\u0645\u0648\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0626\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0636\u0627\u0631\u064a. \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0644\u0647 \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0631\u0627\u0633\u062e\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0637\u0627\u0641 \u0623\u0645\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u064a\u062f\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u064a\u0641\u062a\u062d\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0637\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0635\u0645\u062a\u0647\u061b \u0641\u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0635\u0641\u0647\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u062a\u0649 \u0628\u0645\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631\u064a\u064a\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0634\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0632 \u0628\u0634\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u062f\u0645\u0634\u0642 \u0648\u062d\u0644\u0628 \u0628\u062d\u0631\u0641\u064a\u064a\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f \u0628\u0635\u0646\u0651\u0627\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0641\u064a\u0644\u062a\u0647\u0627\u060c \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u063a\u062f\u062a \u0633\u0645\u0631\u0642\u0646\u062f \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0643\u0644 \u0623\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0641\u0636\u0627\u0626\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.metmuseum.org\/essays\/the-art-of-the-timurid-period-ca-1370-1507\" title=\"35|Samarkand Craftsmen From Conquered Lands|Metropolitan Museum|2024\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[35]<\/a><\/sup>. \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u062a\u064a\u0645\u0648\u0631 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0645\u064a\u0651\u062a\u0647 (\u0625\u0630 \u064a\u064f\u0631\u062c\u064e\u0651\u062d \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0643\u0646 \u064a\u064f\u062c\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0629) \u064a\u0645\u0644\u0643 \u0630\u0643\u0627\u0621\u064b \u062d\u0627\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0648\u0641\u0636\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0641\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0647\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0641\u0629 \u0644\u064a\u064f\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0634\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<h2>\u063a\u0632\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f \u0648\u0633\u0642\u0648\u0637 \u062f\u0647\u0644\u064a<\/h2>\n<p>\u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u062d\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u062a\u064a\u0645\u0648\u0631 \u0625\u062b\u0627\u0631\u0629\u064b \u0644\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642\u064a \u063a\u0632\u0648\u0647 \u0644\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f \u0639\u0627\u0645 1398\u0645 \u0648\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u0648\u062a\u062f\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u0633\u0644\u0637\u0646\u0629 \u062f\u0647\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0646\u064a\u0629. \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u064a\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0633\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u0647\u0644\u064a \u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u0648\u062f \u0634\u0627\u0647 \u062a\u0648\u063a\u0644\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0639\u064a\u0641\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0625\u0645\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0637\u0648\u0631\u064a\u062a\u0647 \u062a\u062a\u0641\u0643\u0643 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0628\u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0632\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecollector.com\/tamerlane-conquest-delhi\/\" title=\"36|Delhi Sultanate Weakness Tughlaq|The Collector|2025\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[36]<\/a><\/sup>. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0646 \u062a\u064a\u0645\u0648\u0631 \u0623\u0646 \u062d\u0645\u0644\u062a\u0647 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0647\u064a &#8220;\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062f&#8221; \u0636\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u064f\u0633\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0634 \u0628\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0638\u0644 \u0633\u0644\u0637\u062a\u0647\u0645\u060c \u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0623\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0639\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0648\u0647\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u062b\u0631\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0637\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u062a\u064f\u063a\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u062a\u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0634\u062a\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062a<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/theindosphere.com\/history\/timurs-invasion-of-india\/\" title=\"37|Timur India Jihad Pretext|The Indosphere|2024\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[37]<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p>\n<p>\u0641\u064a \u0633\u0628\u062a\u0645\u0628\u0631 1398\u0645\u060c \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u062a\u064a\u0645\u0648\u0631 \u0646\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0631\u0623\u0633 \u062c\u064a\u0634 \u064a\u064f\u0642\u062f\u064e\u0651\u0631 \u0628\u0646\u062d\u0648 \u062a\u0633\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0644\u0641 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u062a\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0632\u062d\u0641\u0647 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u062f\u0647\u0644\u064a \u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0639\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644. \u0646\u0647\u0628 \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u062a\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0628\u0627 \u0648\u0623\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u062f\u0645\u0651\u0631 \u0628\u0647\u0627\u062a\u0646\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0628\u062f\u0651 \u0645\u062f\u0646\u0627\u064b \u0648\u0642\u0631\u0649 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u0635\u0649 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0647. \u0648\u0642\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c \u0623\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u0647\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0623\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u062a\u064a\u0645\u0648\u0631 \u0623\u0645\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0626\u0629 \u0623\u0644\u0641 \u0623\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0647\u0646\u062f\u064a \u0623\u064f\u0633\u0631\u0648\u0627 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0633\u064a\u0631\u062a\u0647\u060c \u062e\u0634\u064a\u0629\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u064f\u0634\u0643\u0651\u0644\u0648\u0627 \u062e\u0637\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0641\u064a \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u064a\u064f\u0639\u062f\u0651 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0628\u0634\u0639 \u0645\u0630\u0627\u0628\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062b\u0642\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/curiousindian.in\/timurs-invasion-of-delhi\/\" title=\"38|100000 Prisoners Executed Loni|CuriousIndian|2025\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[38]<\/a><\/sup>. \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0639\u0634\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u062f\u064a\u0633\u0645\u0628\u0631 1398\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647 \u062a\u064a\u0645\u0648\u0631 \u062c\u064a\u0634 \u0633\u0644\u0637\u0646\u0629 \u062f\u0647\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u062c\u0651\u062c \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0641\u0639\u0648\u0646 \u064a\u0639\u0648\u0651\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627. \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u064a\u0645\u0648\u0631 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0642\u062f \u0623\u0639\u062f\u0651 \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0643\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0630\u0643\u064a\u0629\u061b \u0625\u0630 \u0623\u0634\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0637\u064a\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0645\u0651\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0637\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0634 \u0648\u0633\u0627\u0642\u0647\u0627 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0623\u064f\u0635\u064a\u0628\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0644\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0646\u0642\u0644\u0628\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0635\u062d\u0627\u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u062c\u064a\u0634\u0647\u0627<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/curiousindian.in\/timurs-invasion-of-delhi\/\" title=\"39|Timur Camels Fire Elephants|CuriousIndian|2025\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[39]<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p>\n<p>\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u062a\u064a\u0645\u0648\u0631 \u062f\u0647\u0644\u064a \u0644\u064a\u062c\u062f \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629\u064b \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u063a\u0646\u0649 \u0639\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0627. \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0632\u0631\u0629 \u062e\u0645\u0633\u0629 \u0623\u064a\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0642\u064f\u062f\u0651\u0631\u062a \u0623\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0636\u062d\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u0634\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u0627\u0641\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0641\u0627\u062f\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062b\u062b \u0645\u0644\u0623\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0648\u0627\u0631\u0639 \u0648\u0623\u062d\u0643\u0645\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0626\u062d\u0629 \u0642\u0628\u0636\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0639 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062d\u064a\u0644<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/theindosphere.com\/history\/timurs-invasion-of-india\/\" title=\"40|Delhi Massacre Five Days|The Indosphere|2024\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[40]<\/a><\/sup>. \u0646\u064f\u0647\u0628\u062a \u062b\u0631\u0648\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0645\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0642\u0631\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0648\u062e\u064f\u0631\u0651\u0628\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0636\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0633\u064f\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0641\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0651\u0627\u0639 \u0644\u064a\u064f\u0646\u0642\u0644\u0648\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0645\u0631\u0642\u0646\u062f \u0644\u062a\u0634\u064a\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0633\u062c\u062f \u0628\u064a\u0628\u064a \u062e\u0627\u0646\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u062e\u0645<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecollector.com\/tamerlane-conquest-delhi\/\" title=\"41|Delhi Sack Craftsmen Samarkand|The Collector|2025\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[41]<\/a><\/sup>. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u063a\u0631\u0642 \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0641\u064a \u062f\u0647\u0644\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0646\u0635\u0641 \u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644.<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>\n  \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0628\u0642\u064e \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0647\u0644\u064a \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0631\u062d\u064a\u0644 \u062a\u064a\u0645\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u064a\u0645\u0634\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0648\u0627\u0631\u0639\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u062f\u062e\u0627\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062f\u062e\u0646\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u0633\u0631\u0627\u062c \u064a\u064f\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u0644\u064a\u0644. \u0635\u0627\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u062e\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0631\u0648\u0634\u0647\u0627 \u0643\u0623\u0646 \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0643\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0623\u064a\u0627\u0645 \u062f\u0631\u0651\u0629 \u0622\u0633\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0627.<br \/>\n  <strong>\u2014 \u064a\u062d\u064a\u0649 \u0628\u0646 \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u0647\u0646\u062f\u064a\u060c \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0643 \u0634\u0627\u0647\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0645\u0633 \u0639\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062f\u064a<\/strong>\n<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<h2>\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0623\u0646\u0642\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0647\u0632\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a<\/h2>\n<p>\u0634\u0643\u0651\u0644\u062a \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0623\u0646\u0642\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u064a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0648 1402\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u062b\u0627\u0631\u0629\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u060c \u0625\u0630 \u062c\u0645\u0639\u062a \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0642\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f \u0642\u0648\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0638\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0631\u0648\u0629 \u0646\u0634\u0627\u0637\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0637\u0648\u0631\u064a. \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0628\u0627\u064a\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u0639\u0642\u0629&#8221; (\u064a\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0645) \u064a\u062d\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0633\u0637\u0646\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u064a\u0643\u0627\u062f \u064a\u0641\u062a\u062d\u0647\u0627 \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0646\u0632\u0644 \u062a\u064a\u0645\u0648\u0631 \u0628\u0642\u0648\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0636\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0647\u062f\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0637\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0627\u0636\u0637\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u064a\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0644\u0631\u0641\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/event\/Battle-of-Ankara-1402\" title=\"42|Battle Ankara Bayezid Timur|Britannica|2024\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[42]<\/a><\/sup>. \u062c\u0627\u0621 \u062a\u064a\u0645\u0648\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0628\u062c\u064a\u0634 \u0647\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u064a\u064f\u0642\u062f\u064e\u0651\u0631 \u0628\u0645\u0626\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0644\u0641 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u062a\u0644 \u0645\u0639\u0638\u0645\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u062b\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a\u0644\u0627\u064b \u062d\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u062c\u064a\u0634 \u0639\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a \u064a\u064f\u0642\u062f\u064e\u0651\u0631 \u0628\u062e\u0645\u0633\u0629 \u0648\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0644\u0641\u0627\u064b<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ebsco.com\/research-starters\/military-history-and-science\/battle-ankara\" title=\"43|Battle Ankara Troops Numbers|EBSCO|2024\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[43]<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p>\n<p>\u0623\u0628\u062f\u0649 \u062a\u064a\u0645\u0648\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0629\u064b \u062a\u0643\u062a\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u0627\u0626\u0642\u0629\u061b \u0625\u0630 \u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u062a\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u062c\u0631\u0649 \u0646\u0647\u0631 \u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u0644\u062d\u0631\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0631\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0636\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0631\u0642. \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0637\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0632\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0627 \u064a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0635\u0641\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0641\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0651\u0644\u0648\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0635\u0641\u0648\u0641\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u062e\u0636\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0643\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0641\u0627\u062c\u0623 \u0628\u0627\u064a\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0628\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u062c\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0642\u0644\u0628\u062a \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0632\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0649 \u062f\u0641\u0639\u0629\u064b \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.foreignexchanges.news\/p\/today-in-middle-eastern-history-the-02c\" title=\"44|Tatar Defection Battle Ankara|Foreign Exchanges|2024\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[44]<\/a><\/sup>. \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0628\u0647\u0632\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0633\u0627\u062d\u0642\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u064a\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647 \u0623\u0633\u064a\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u064a\u062f \u062a\u064a\u0645\u0648\u0631 \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u062b\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u064a\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0631\u0648\u0628 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u0643\u0628\u0627 \u062d\u0635\u0627\u0646\u0647\u060c \u0644\u064a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0648\u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0633\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a \u064a\u064f\u0624\u062e\u0630 \u0623\u0633\u064a\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0643\u0629<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/event\/Battle-of-Ankara-1402\" title=\"45|Bayezid Captured Timur|Britannica|2024\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[45]<\/a><\/sup>. \u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a \u0628\u0627\u064a\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0631 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1403\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0632\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0631\u062e\u0648\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u062c\u0627\u062f\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u062d\u0648\u0644\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u064a\u0645\u0648\u0631 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u064a\u064f\u0628\u0642\u064a\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0641\u0635 \u0630\u0647\u0628\u064a \u0645\u0630\u0647\u0651\u0628 \u0643\u063a\u0646\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u0628 \u062d\u064a\u0651\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0631\u062e\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0635\u062f\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0627\u064a\u0629<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/event\/Battle-of-Ankara-1402\" title=\"46|Bayezid Golden Cage Death|Britannica|2024\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[46]<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p>\n<p>\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0623\u0646\u0642\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0632\u0644\u0632\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a. \u0623\u0641\u0636\u062a \u0647\u0632\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a &#8220;\u062d\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0646\u0629&#8221; (\u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 1402-1413\u0645) \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0646\u062f\u0644\u0639\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u0627\u064a\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0634\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u062a\u0627\u062d \u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0633\u0637\u0646\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0632\u0646\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0642\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0633\u0642\u0637 \u0641\u064a \u064a\u062f \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u062a\u062d \u0639\u0627\u0645 1453\u0645<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/military-history.fandom.com\/wiki\/Battle_of_Ankara\" title=\"47|Ottoman Interregnum Ankara Battle|Military History Fandom|2024\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[47]<\/a><\/sup>. \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u060c \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0649 \u062a\u064a\u0645\u0648\u0631 \u062a\u0648\u0633\u0651\u0639\u0647 \u063a\u0631\u0628\u0627\u064b \u0647\u0646\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0643\u062a\u0641\u0649 \u0628\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0642\u062f \u0627\u0628\u062a\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0635\u062d\u0627\u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0639\u0648\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0644\u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u062d\u0645\u0644\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646.<\/p>\n<h2>\u0648\u0641\u0627\u0629 \u062a\u064a\u0645\u0648\u0631 \u0648\u062a\u0641\u0643\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0637\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629<\/h2>\n<p>\u0641\u064a \u0641\u0628\u0631\u0627\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1405\u0645\u060c \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u062a\u064a\u0645\u0648\u0631 \u064a\u062a\u0647\u064a\u0623 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0645\u0631\u0642\u0646\u062f \u0644\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 \u0623\u0636\u062e\u0645 \u062d\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0648\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u062c\u0631\u0623\u0629: \u063a\u0632\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0637\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0642\u062f \u0648\u0635\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u064a\u062f\u0629. \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0642\u0633\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062a\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0633\u064a\u0648\u064a \u0648\u062b\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0648\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0642\u062f \u0646\u0627\u0644\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0633\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u0627 \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0646\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0647\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0648\u0641. \u0623\u064f\u0635\u064a\u0628 \u062a\u064a\u0645\u0648\u0631 \u0628\u0645\u0631\u0636 \u062d\u0627\u062f\u0651 \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u062c\u064a\u0648\u0634\u0647 \u062a\u062a\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0648\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0647\u0631 \u0633\u064a\u062d\u0648\u0646 (\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0627)\u060c \u0648\u0641\u0627\u0636\u062a \u0631\u0648\u062d\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0639\u0634\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0641\u0628\u0631\u0627\u064a\u0631 1405\u0645 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0628\u0644\u063a \u0633\u0628\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u064a\u064f\u062e\u0637\u0637 \u0644\u0639\u0628\u0648\u0631 \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Timur\" title=\"48|Timur Death 1405 Otrar|Wikipedia|2024\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[48]<\/a><\/sup>. \u062f\u064f\u0641\u0646 \u062c\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0636\u0631\u064a\u062d \u06af\u0648\u0631 \u0623\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0645\u0631\u0642\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0642\u062f \u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0628\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0626\u0647 \u0644\u0623\u062d\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0641\u0635\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u062b\u0648\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u062f\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u064a\u062d \u0630\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u0644\u0651\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0639\u062f\u0651 \u0645\u0646 \u0631\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0639 \u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a.<\/p>\n<p>\u0623\u0648\u062c\u062f\u062a \u0648\u0641\u0627\u0629 \u062a\u064a\u0645\u0648\u0631 \u0641\u0631\u0627\u063a\u0627\u064b \u0633\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0647\u0627\u0626\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0645\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0637\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u062a\u064f\u0645\u0633\u0643 \u0628\u0632\u0645\u0627\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u064a\u062f \u0631\u062c\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f \u0628\u0639\u0628\u0642\u0631\u064a\u062a\u0647 \u0648\u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u063a\u064a\u0629. \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0646\u0627\u0632\u0639 \u0623\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0624\u0647 \u0648\u0623\u062d\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0636\u062e\u0645 \u0628\u0641\u0648\u0636\u0649 \u0645\u0624\u0644\u0645\u0629. \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0651 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u064a\u0627\u064b \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0645\u0643\u0651\u0646 \u0627\u0628\u0646\u0647 \u0634\u0627\u0647 \u0631\u062e (1405-1447\u0645) \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u0633\u0637 \u0633\u064a\u0637\u0631\u062a\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0637\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629. \u0622\u062b\u0631 \u0634\u0627\u0647 \u0631\u062e \u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0633\u0645\u0631\u0642\u0646\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0631\u0627\u0629 (\u0641\u064a \u0623\u0641\u063a\u0627\u0646\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629) \u0648\u062a\u0628\u0646\u0651\u0649 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u062c\u0630\u0631\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0646 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0623\u0628\u064a\u0647\u061b \u0641\u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 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href=\"https:\/\/www.eureporter.co\/world\/central-asia\/2022\/11\/03\/timurid-renaissance-the-era-of-revival-of-art-and-science-in-central-asia\/\" title=\"49|Shah Rukh Goharshad Cultural Policy|EU Reporter|2022\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[49]<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p>\n<h2>\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0636\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0645\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629: \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0647\u0628\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0641\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645<\/h2>\n<p>\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0645\u0633 \u0639\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062f\u064a\u060c \u0634\u0647\u062f\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0637\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0645\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0633\u0645\u0631\u0642\u0646\u062f 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title=\"50|Timurid Renaissance Italian Comparison|EU Reporter|2022\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[50]<\/a><\/sup>. \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0636\u0629 \u0627\u0645\u062a\u062f\u0627\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u062c\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u064a\u0645\u0648\u0631 \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0646\u0642\u0644 \u062e\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u0641\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0627\u0635\u0645\u062a\u0647\u060c \u062b\u0645 \u0635\u0642\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u062e\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0624\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0648\u064d\u0651 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u064a \u0648\u0628\u0639\u064a\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0646 \u0647\u0645\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0648\u0628.<\/p>\n<p>\u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0643 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u0648\u0644\u0648\u063a \u0628\u064a\u0643 (1394-1449\u0645) \u062d\u0641\u064a\u062f \u062a\u064a\u0645\u0648\u0631 \u0648\u062d\u0627\u0643\u0645 \u0633\u0645\u0631\u0642\u0646\u062f \u0646\u062c\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0631\u0632. \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u0648\u0644\u0648\u063a \u0628\u064a\u0643 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u062d\u0627\u0643\u0645\u0627\u064b\u061b \u0623\u0633\u0651\u0633 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0645\u0631\u0642\u0646\u062f \u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0629\u064b \u062f\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629-\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0628\u0631\u0649 (\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062c\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646) \u0639\u0627\u0645 1417\u0645\u060c \u062b\u0645 \u0634\u064a\u0651\u062f \u0645\u0631\u0635\u062f \u0633\u0645\u0631\u0642\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0643\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0647\u0631 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u064e\u064a 1424\u0645 \u06481429\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0646\u0634\u0623\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0636\u0645\u0651\u0646\u062a \u0633\u062f\u0633\u0627\u064b (\u0633\u0643\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u062a) \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0631\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0636\u062e\u0645\u0627\u064b \u064a\u0628\u0644\u063a \u0642\u0637\u0631\u0647 \u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0646<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/thediplomaticinsight.com\/amir-temur-intellectual-foundations-timurid\/\" title=\"51|Ulugh Beg Observatory Sextant|Diplomatic Insight|2026\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[51]<\/a><\/sup>. \u0623\u0646\u062c\u0632 \u0623\u0648\u0644\u0648\u063a \u0628\u064a\u0643 \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0643\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0636\u062e\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0628\u0640&#8221;\u0627\u0644\u0632\u064a\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a&#8221; (Zij-i Sultani) \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0631\u0635\u062f \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0636\u0639 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0644\u0641 \u0646\u062c\u0645 \u0628\u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0641\u0627\u0642\u062a \u062c\u062f\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0628\u0637\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0634\u0623\u0646\u0627\u064b \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0633\u0639 \u0639\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062f\u064a<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/minzifatravel.com\/en\/adventures\/uzbekistan-blog\/the-timurid-renaissance-a-global-melting-pot-of-science-and-art\" title=\"52|Zij Sultani Star Catalogue|Minzifa Travel|2026\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[52]<\/a><\/sup>. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0623\u0648\u0644\u0648\u063a \u0628\u064a\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0644\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u062e\u0637\u0623 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0635\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0643\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0625\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0632 \u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u064a\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0639\u062c\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0635\u064a\u0646 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/minzifatravel.com\/en\/adventures\/uzbekistan-blog\/the-timurid-renaissance-a-global-melting-pot-of-science-and-art\" title=\"53|Ulugh Beg Stellar Year Calculation|Minzifa Travel|2026\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[53]<\/a><\/sup>. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0642\u0631\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0627\u062a \u063a\u064a\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u062c\u0645\u0634\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0634\u064a (\u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a 1429\u0645) \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0623\u0633\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0629<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/thediplomaticinsight.com\/amir-temur-intellectual-foundations-timurid\/\" title=\"54|Al-Kashi Mathematics Decimal|Diplomatic Insight|2026\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[54]<\/a><\/sup>. \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u0646 \u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648\u0644\u0648\u063a \u0628\u064a\u0643 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0645\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629\u061b \u0625\u0630 \u0627\u0646\u0642\u0644\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0628\u0646\u0647 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0641 \u0628\u062a\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0636 \u0645\u0646 \u0631\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0627 \u064a\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0646\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0641\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0639\u062f\u0645\u0647 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1449\u0645\u060c \u0641\u0623\u0637\u0641\u0623 \u0628\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0634\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0646\u0648\u0631 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u064f\u0639\u0648\u064e\u0651\u0636.<\/p>\n<p>\u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0644\u063a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0630\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0647\u0631\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0645\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u064a\u062f \u0643\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0647\u0632\u0627\u062f (\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a 1450-1535\u0645)\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0623\u0637\u0644\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0631\u0648\u0647 \u0648\u062e\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0624\u0647 \u0644\u0642\u0628 &#8220;\u0631\u0627\u0641\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642&#8221; \u062a\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0646 \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/roguearthistorian.substack.com\/p\/skyhigh-domes-inkdark-secrets-the\" title=\"55|Behzad Raphael East Miniature|Rogue Art Historian|2024\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[55]<\/a><\/sup>. \u062b\u0648\u0651\u0631 \u0628\u0647\u0632\u0627\u062f \u0623\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0645\u0651\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u062f\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0635\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0641\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0648\u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0646\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644 \u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a \u0648\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0639\u0631 \u0645\u0642\u0631\u0648\u0621\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0644\u0648\u062d\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u062a\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0645 \u0628\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 \u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0632<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/roguearthistorian.substack.com\/p\/skyhigh-domes-inkdark-secrets-the\" title=\"56|Behzad Individual Portraits Style|Rogue Art Historian|2024\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[56]<\/a><\/sup>. \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u064a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0638\u0644 \u0631\u0639\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0646 \u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u064a\u0642\u0631\u0627 (1470-1506\u0645) \u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0645\u0648\u0631\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0638\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0631\u0627\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0628\u0644\u0627\u0637\u0647 \u0645\u062d\u062c\u0651\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0645\u0639\u0647 \u0639\u0635\u0631 \u0647\u0631\u0627\u0629 \u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0647\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0645\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0647\u064a\u0627\u0631.<\/p>\n<h2>\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0645\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629: \u0623\u064a\u0642\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a<\/h2>\n<p>\u062a\u064f\u0645\u062b\u0651\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0645\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u0644\u0642\u0629\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0628\u0631\u0632 \u062d\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0639\u0627\u064b \u0648\u0623\u0628\u0639\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u062b\u0631\u0627\u064b. \u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u062c\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0633\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0645\u0648\u0631\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0639\u0637\u0648\u0627 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0632\u062e\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0648\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0631\u0632. \u062a\u0645\u064a\u0651\u0632\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0645\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062b\u0651\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0648\u0651\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0632\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0632\u0631\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0631\u0648\u0632\u064a \u0648\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0643\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0634\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u064f\u0636\u0641\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0637\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0627\u064b \u0633\u0645\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0645\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0627\u064b<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/Timurid-dynasty\" title=\"57|Timurid Turquoise Blue Tiles|Britannica|2024\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[57]<\/a><\/sup>. \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0628\u0631\u0632 \u0625\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0632\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629:<\/p>\n<p>\u0645\u0633\u062c\u062f \u0628\u064a\u0628\u064a \u062e\u0627\u0646\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0645\u0631\u0642\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0623\u0645\u0631 \u062a\u064a\u0645\u0648\u0631 \u0628\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0626\u0647 \u0639\u0642\u0628 \u0639\u0648\u062f\u062a\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f \u0639\u0627\u0645 1399\u0645 \u0648\u0634\u064f\u064a\u0651\u062f \u0628\u0623\u064a\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0641\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u062a\u0649 \u0628\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u062f\u0647\u0644\u064a. \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062c\u062f \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0643\u062a\u0645\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1404\u0645 \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0623\u0636\u062e\u0645 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u062c\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0648\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u062e\u0627\u0645\u0629\u064b\u060c \u0628\u0642\u0628\u0627\u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0647\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u0628\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0639\u0651\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0630\u0647\u0628 \u0648\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0622\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/architectureofcities.com\/timurid-architecture\" title=\"58|Bibi Khanum Mosque Samarkand|Architecture of Cities|2025\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[58]<\/a><\/sup>. \u0648\u0645\u064a\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062c\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0645\u0631\u0642\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0648\u0635\u0641\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u0631\u062f \u0643\u064a\u0631\u0632\u0648\u0646 \u0646\u0627\u0626\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f \u0639\u0627\u0645 1888\u0645 \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0647 &#8220;\u0623\u062c\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u064a\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645&#8221; \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0633\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u064f\u0636\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0647 \u0641\u064a &#8220;\u0631\u0633\u0648\u062e\u0647 \u0648\u0639\u0638\u0645\u062a\u0647&#8221;<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.eureporter.co\/world\/central-asia\/2022\/11\/03\/timurid-renaissance-the-era-of-revival-of-art-and-science-in-central-asia\/\" title=\"59|Registan Noblest Square Curzon|EU Reporter|2022\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[59]<\/a><\/sup>. \u0648\u0636\u0631\u064a\u062d \u06af\u0648\u0631 \u0623\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u064f\u0645\u062b\u0651\u0644 \u0645\u062b\u0648\u0649 \u062a\u064a\u0645\u0648\u0631 \u0648\u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0639\u0627\u0626\u0644\u062a\u0647\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062a\u0648\u0651\u062c\u0647 \u0642\u0628\u0629\u064c \u0645\u0636\u0644\u0651\u0639\u0629 \u0631\u0627\u0626\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u0644\u063a \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u062e\u0645\u0633\u0629\u064b \u0648\u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0643\u0633\u0648\u0651\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0631\u0648\u0632\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u0647\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u064f\u062d\u064a\u0644\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0634\u0639\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0633 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0631\u0651\u0629 \u0633\u0627\u0637\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0644\u0628 \u0633\u0645\u0631\u0642\u0646\u062f<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/artofthemiddleages.com\/s\/main\/item\/2988\" title=\"60|Gur-e-Amir Timur Mausoleum|Art Middle Ages|2024\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[60]<\/a><\/sup>. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0648\u0635\u0641\u062a \u0642\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0647\u0631\u0627\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0647\u062f \u0634\u0627\u0647 \u0631\u062e \u0648\u06af\u0648\u0647\u0631\u0634\u0627\u062f \u0628\u064a\u06af\u0645 \u0643\u064a\u0641 \u062a\u0648\u0651\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0645\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0625\u0631\u062b\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0628\u0641\u0646 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0632\u0627\u0644 \u064a\u062a\u0631\u062f\u062f \u0635\u062f\u0627\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0622\u0633\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0649 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n<h2>\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0645\u0648\u0631\u064a<\/h2>\n<p>\u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0645\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u0627\u0636\u0646\u0629\u064b \u062e\u0635\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0631\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u062a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629. \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0631\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0642\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0623\u0646\u062c\u0628\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0623\u0628\u0631\u0632 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0623\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0643\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0639\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u0646\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062d\u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u064a (1414-1492\u0645)\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0642\u0651\u0628 \u0628\u0640&#8221;\u062e\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0621&#8221; \u0623\u0648 \u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0634\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0631\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0623\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0645\u0648\u0633\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0634\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0635\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0636\u062e\u0645\u0629 \u062a\u0634\u0645\u0644 &#8220;\u0633\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0623\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a&#8221; (\u0647\u0641\u062a \u0623\u0648\u0631\u0646\u06af) \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u0649\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0646 \u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u064a\u0642\u0631\u0627<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/roguearthistorian.substack.com\/p\/skyhigh-domes-inkdark-secrets-the\" title=\"61|Jami Persian Poet Timurid|Rogue Art Historian|2024\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[61]<\/a><\/sup>. \u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u062a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0648\u062c\u062f\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0639\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0646\u0648\u0627\u0626\u064a (1441-1501\u0645) \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0651\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0631\u0641\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0641\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0623\u062f\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0631\u0627\u0633\u062e\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0644\u064a\u0641. \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0646\u0648\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0648\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0635\u062f\u064a\u0642\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0646 \u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u064a\u0642\u0631\u0627 \u0648\u0634\u0627\u0639\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0648\u0643\u0627\u062a\u0628\u0627\u064b \u0648\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0622\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a \u0643\u0644\u0647 \u0623\u0628\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0643 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0642\u0631\u0648\u0646<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/roguearthistorian.substack.com\/p\/skyhigh-domes-inkdark-secrets-the\" title=\"62|Alisher Navoi Chagatai Poetry|Rogue Art Historian|2024\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[62]<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p>\n<h2>\u0633\u0642\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0637\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0638\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0631\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0648\u0644\u064a<\/h2>\n<p>\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0648\u0641\u0627\u0629 \u0634\u0627\u0647 \u0631\u062e \u0639\u0627\u0645 1447\u0645\u060c \u0628\u062f\u0623\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0637\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0645\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u0634\u0642\u0642 \u0648\u062a\u062a\u0641\u062a\u062a \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0648\u0637\u0623\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0632\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629. \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0645\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u062a\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0630\u0648\u0642 \u0641\u0646\u064a \u0631\u0641\u064a\u0639 \u0648\u0631\u0648\u062d \u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0646\u064a\u0651\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0639\u0638\u0645\u0647\u0645 \u064a\u0641\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0647\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0632\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u0644\u062c\u062f\u0651\u0647\u0645 \u062a\u064a\u0645\u0648\u0631. \u0627\u0646\u0642\u0633\u0645\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0637\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u062a\u064a\u0645\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u062d\u0635\u0635\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0648\u062a\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u0648\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0642\u0648\u0649 \u0635\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0635<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.metmuseum.org\/essays\/the-art-of-the-timurid-period-ca-1370-1507\" title=\"63|Timurid Fragmentation Succession|Metropolitan Museum|2024\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[63]<\/a><\/sup>. \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0637\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642 \u0623\u0633\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u0628\u0627\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0632\u0628\u0643 \u0628\u0632\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0634\u064a\u0628\u0627\u0646\u064a \u062e\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0636\u063a\u0637\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0645\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0632\u0639\u062a \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064d \u0634\u0627\u0633\u0639\u0629. \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 1507\u0645\u060c \u0633\u0642\u0637\u062a \u0647\u0631\u0627\u0629 \u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0645\u0648\u0631\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u0649 \u0641\u064a \u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0632\u0628\u0643\u060c \u0645\u064f\u063a\u0644\u0650\u0642\u0629\u064b \u0628\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0637\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0645\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0627\u064b<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"http:\/\/empirehistory.weebly.com\/timurid-empire.html\" title=\"64|Herat Fall Uzbeks 1507|Empire History|2024\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[64]<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p>\n<p>\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0631\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0645\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0650 \u0628\u0633\u0642\u0648\u0637 \u0647\u0631\u0627\u0629. \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0638\u0647\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0628\u0648\u0631 (1483-1530\u0645) \u0623\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u0631\u063a\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0645\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062e\u0633\u0631 \u0645\u0644\u0643\u0647 \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0632\u0628\u0643 \u0648\u0638\u0644 \u064a\u062d\u0627\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0627\u062f\u062a\u0647 \u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u062c\u062f\u0648\u0649\u060c \u0642\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0646\u0638\u0631\u0647 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f. \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 1526\u0645\u060c \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0635\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0628\u0648\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0646\u064a\u067e\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0644\u0637\u0646\u0629 \u062f\u0647\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0633\u0651\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0637\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062d\u0643\u0645\u062a \u0634\u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0642\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u0646\u062c\u0628\u062a \u0631\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0639 \u0643\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0645\u062d\u0644\u0651 \u0648\u0642\u0644\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0647\u0644\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0647\u0644\u064a\u060c \u062d\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629\u064b \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0645\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0623\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0648\u0637\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0644\u064a<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/Timurid-dynasty\" title=\"65|Babur Mughal Empire Timurid Legacy|Britannica|2024\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[65]<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>\n  \u0644\u0648 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0633 \u064a\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646\u0627 \u0648\u0645\u0627\u0630\u0627 \u0623\u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0644\u0635\u0644\u0651\u0648\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0651 \u0628\u062f\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0639\u0646. \u0623\u0646\u0627 \u0635\u0627\u0631\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0633\u0644\u0651\u0637\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0643\u0645 \u0623\u0639\u0627\u0642\u0628 \u0623\u0648\u0644\u0626\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0646.<br \/>\n  <strong>\u2014 \u062a\u064a\u0645\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0646\u0643\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0631\u0648\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0639\u0631\u0628\u0634\u0627\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0647 &#8220;\u0639\u062c\u0627\u0626\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0628 \u062a\u064a\u0645\u0648\u0631&#8221;\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0645\u0633 \u0639\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062f\u064a<\/strong>\n<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<h2>\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0631\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0636\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0637\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0645\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629<\/h2>\n<p>\u064a\u0628\u0642\u0649 \u0625\u0631\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0637\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0645\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0631\u062b\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0636\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0642\u064a\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0648\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0636\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a. \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0639\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631\u064a\u060c \u062a\u064f\u0645\u062b\u0651\u0644 \u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631 \u0633\u0645\u0631\u0642\u0646\u062f \u0648\u0647\u0631\u0627\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u062c\u062f \u0648\u0623\u0636\u0631\u062d\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0633 \u0648\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0631 \u062a\u0631\u0627\u062b\u0627\u064b \u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0627 \u0645\u062b\u064a\u0644 \u0644\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0623\u062f\u0631\u062c\u062a \u0633\u0645\u0631\u0642\u0646\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0644\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646\u0633\u0643\u0648 \u0639\u0627\u0645 2001\u0645 \u0628\u0648\u0635\u0641\u0647\u0627 &#8220;\u0645\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0649 \u062d\u0636\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645&#8221;<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/architectureofcities.com\/timurid-architecture\" title=\"66|Samarkand UNESCO World Heritage|Architecture of Cities|2025\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[66]<\/a><\/sup>. \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0639\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u060c \u0634\u0643\u0651\u0644\u062a \u0623\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b \u0623\u0648\u0644\u0648\u063a \u0628\u064a\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0643 \u0625\u0633\u0647\u0627\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0648\u062b\u0642\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0646\u062c\u0648\u0645\u0647 \u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639\u0627\u064b \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0645\u0646\u062c\u0651\u0645\u0648 \u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631\u0647\u0645 \u064a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0648 \u0623\u0635\u062d\u0627\u0628\u0647. \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0635\u0639\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646\u060c \u0623\u062b\u0651\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0645\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0631\u0633\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u064a \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u064b \u0627\u0645\u062a\u062f \u0639\u0642\u0648\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0648\u0642\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0646\u0642\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0637\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0635\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0637\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0645\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0635\u0627\u0631\u062e\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062c\u064a\u0628 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0651\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u062f\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0634\u062e\u0635 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f \u0648\u062d\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629: \u0631\u062c\u0644 \u0646\u0647\u0628 \u062b\u0631\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0646\u0647 \u0648\u0628\u0646\u0649 \u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0622\u0646\u064d \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0631\u0643 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0647\u0631\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u062c\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0639\u064a\u0646\u0647<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.medievalists.net\/2025\/06\/timur-the-lames-pyramids-of-skulls-terror-as-a-medieval-imperial-strategy\/\" title=\"67|Timurid Legacy Paradox|Medievalists.net|2025\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[67]<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p>\n<div class=\"ib-foot\">COSMALORE \u00b7 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0633\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0641\u0627\u062a\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0639\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[169,156,165],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2832","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-al-imbaraturiya-al-mughuliya","category-al-tarikh","category-al-duwal-wal-imbaraturiyat"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/cosmalore.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2832","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/cosmalore.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/cosmalore.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cosmalore.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cosmalore.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2832"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/cosmalore.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2832\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2833,"href":"https:\/\/cosmalore.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2832\/revisions\/2833"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/cosmalore.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2832"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cosmalore.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2832"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cosmalore.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2832"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}