{"id":2719,"date":"2026-06-10T13:49:07","date_gmt":"2026-06-10T10:19:07","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/cosmalore.com\/ar\/?p=2719"},"modified":"2026-06-10T13:51:26","modified_gmt":"2026-06-10T10:21:26","slug":"%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a5%d9%84%d8%ae%d8%a7%d9%86%d8%a7%d8%aa","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/cosmalore.com\/ar\/wiki\/%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a5%d9%84%d8%ae%d8%a7%d9%86%d8%a7%d8%aa\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a"},"content":{"rendered":"

<\/p>\n

\n
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\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
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\u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0627<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0645\u0629<\/td>\n\u0645\u0631\u0627\u063a\u0629 (1258\u20131265)\u060c \u062a\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0632 (1265\u20131306)\u060c \u0633\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 (1306\u20131335)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0629 (1310\u0645)<\/td>\n3,750,000 \u0643\u0645\u00b2 [1]<\/a><\/sup><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a<\/td>\n\u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u060c \u0623\u0630\u0631\u0628\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0623\u0631\u0645\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0627\u060c \u062c\u0648\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0627\u060c \u062a\u0631\u0643\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u060c \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0623\u0641\u063a\u0627\u0646\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0643\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0633\u064a\u0633<\/td>\n1256\u0645 \u2014 \u0647\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0643\u0648 \u062e\u0627\u0646 [2]<\/a><\/sup><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644\u064a<\/td>\n1259\u0645 (\u0628\u0639\u062f \u062a\u0641\u062a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0637\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0642\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a<\/td>\n1335\u0645 \u2014 \u0648\u0641\u0627\u0629 \u0623\u0628\u064a \u0633\u0639\u064a\u062f \u0628\u0647\u0627\u062f\u0631<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0627\u0644\u0632\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0645<\/td>\n1353\u0645<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0627\u0645<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633<\/td>\n\u0647\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0643\u0648 \u062e\u0627\u0646 (1256\u20131265\u0645)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0623\u0628\u0631\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0627\u0645<\/td>\n\u063a\u0627\u0632\u0627\u0646 \u062e\u0627\u0646 (1295\u20131304\u0645)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644\u064a\u064a\u0646<\/td>\n\u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0633\u0639\u064a\u062f \u0628\u0647\u0627\u062f\u0631 (1316\u20131335\u0645)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645<\/td>\n\u0645\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0637\u0644\u0642\u0629 (\u062e\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649<\/td>\n\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0630\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u063a\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u064a\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0637\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0629 (\u0645\u0646 1295)<\/td>\n\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u064a (\u062b\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u0639\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0647\u062f \u0623\u0648\u0644\u062c\u0627\u064a\u062a\u0648)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0631\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0636\u0627\u0631\u064a<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n\u0623\u0633\u0642\u0637\u0648\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a 10 \u0641\u0628\u0631\u0627\u064a\u0631 1258\u0645<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0641<\/td>\n\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0644\u0627\u0626\u0631\u064a\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0686\u0648\u0628\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0638\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0648\u0646<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a<\/td>\n\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u2014 \u0631\u0634\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0645\u0630\u0627\u0646\u064a<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n
COSMALORE \u00b7 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0633\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

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\n<\/p>\n

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\n
\n<\/p>\n

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\n \u00ab\u0644\u0648 \u0623\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647\u064f \u0625\u0628\u0642\u0627\u0621\u064e \u0633\u0644\u0637\u0646\u0629\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0627 \u0633\u0644\u064e\u0651\u0637 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u062f\u0648\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u062e\u064f\u062a\u0645 \u0628\u0628\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0627 \u062e\u064f\u062a\u0645 \u0628\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647\u060c \u0641\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0648\u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0631\u0627\u062f\u00bb.
\n \u2014 \u0627\u0628\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0639\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062f\u064a<\/strong>\n<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

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\n
\n<\/p>\n

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\n
\n<\/p>\n

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\n\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a\u0650 \u062a\u0633\u0639\u0629\u064f \u0625\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0646\u062a\u0633\u0628\u0648\u0646 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639\u064b\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u064a\u062a \u0647\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0643\u0648 \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u062b\u064e\u0645\u0651 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0646\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u062e\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062e\u0637 \u062a\u0648\u0644\u064a \u062e\u0627\u0646[1]<\/a><\/sup>. \u0648\u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u064a \u0645\u0639\u0645\u0651\u0642 \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u062d\u0627\u0643\u0645 \u0648\u0639\u0647\u062f\u0647:\n<\/p>\n

\u0623\u0648\u0644\u064b\u0627: \u0647\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0643\u0648 \u062e\u0627\u0646 (1256\u20131265\u0645)<\/h3>\n

\n\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u064f\u0644\u062f \u0646\u062d\u0648 1217\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u063a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0627. \u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0647\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0643\u0648 \u0641\u064a \u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0642\u0631\u064a \u0648\u0641\u0636\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0642\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0641\u062a\u062d \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646\u0648\u0646\u061b \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0644\u0639\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u062c\u0648\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0627 \u062f\u0641\u0639\u0647 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0628\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u0627\u0631\u0632\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0644\u0627\u0637\u0647\u060c \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0643\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0633\u0648\u0639\u064a \u0646\u0635\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0623\u0633\u0651\u0633 \u0645\u0631\u0635\u062f \u0645\u0631\u0627\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0647\u064a\u0631[13]<\/a><\/sup>. \u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0647\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0643\u0648 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u063a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0630\u0631\u0628\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0635\u0645\u062a\u064e\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649\u060c \u0648\u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 1265\u0645. \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u062a\u0647 \u0645\u0633\u064a\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0646\u0633\u0637\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0632\u0648\u062c\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u0649 \u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0630\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0648\u0627\u062e\u0631 \u062d\u064a\u0627\u062a\u0647.\n<\/p>\n

\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u064b\u0627: \u0623\u0628\u0627\u0642\u0627 \u062e\u0627\u0646 (1265\u20131282\u0645)<\/h3>\n

\n\u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0647\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0643\u0648 \u0648\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0641\u062a\u0647\u060c \u0648\u064f\u0644\u062f \u0639\u0627\u0645 1234\u0645. \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0623\u0628\u0627\u0642\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0643\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u064a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0628\u0648\u0635\u0641\u0647 \u0628\u0648\u0630\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0642\u062a\u0646\u0639\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0632\u0648\u0651\u062c \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0646\u0627\u060c \u0627\u0628\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0632\u0646\u0637\u064a \u0645\u064a\u062e\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0645\u0646\u060c \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u064a\u062d\u064a\u0629[14]<\/a><\/sup>. \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0647\u062f \u0623\u0628\u0627\u0642\u0627 \u0645\u062b\u0642\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0637\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u0649\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u0633\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u0645\u0639 \u0642\u0628\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0647\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u0633\u0644\u0645\u062a \u0648\u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d\u062a \u062a\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0643. \u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a \u0623\u0628\u0627\u0642\u0627 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1282\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0623\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u062a\u0634\u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0645\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0634\u0639\u0644 \u0635\u0631\u0627\u0639\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0629.\n<\/p>\n

\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b\u064b\u0627: \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u062a\u0643\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0631 (1282\u20131284\u0645)<\/h3>\n

\n\u0623\u062e\u0648 \u0623\u0628\u0627\u0642\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0646 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064e\u060c \u0645\u062a\u0651\u062e\u0630\u064b\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u0645 \u00ab\u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f\u00bb \u0625\u062b\u0631 \u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0647. \u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0625\u0642\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0633\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0643 \u0648\u0623\u0631\u0633\u0644 \u0631\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0646 \u0642\u0644\u0627\u0648\u0648\u0646\u060c \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062b\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0630\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0631\u0641\u0636\u0648\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0648\u0631\u0623\u0648\u0627 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0647\u062f\u064a\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0647\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629[1]<\/a><\/sup>. \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0649 \u0639\u0647\u062f\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0646\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u0623\u0637\u0627\u062d \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0628\u0646\u064f \u0623\u062e\u064a\u0647 \u0623\u0631\u063a\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0646.\n<\/p>\n

\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0639\u064b\u0627: \u0623\u0631\u063a\u0648\u0646 (1284\u20131291\u0645)<\/h3>\n

\n\u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0623\u0628\u0627\u0642\u0627\u060c \u0623\u0639\u0627\u062f \u062a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0630\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0637\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u0645\u0651\u0647 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0631. \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u0631\u063a\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u062d\u0645\u0633\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0641 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u064a\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0636\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0643\u060c \u0641\u0623\u0631\u0633\u0644 \u0633\u0641\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0628\u0627 \u0648\u0645\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0628\u0631\u0632\u0647\u0627 \u0633\u0641\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u064a\u062d\u064a \u0631\u0628\u0651\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0632\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u0648\u0631\u0648\u0645\u0627 \u0648\u0623\u062c\u0631\u0649 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u062f\u062b\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0628\u0627 \u0646\u064a\u0642\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0639[1]<\/a><\/sup>. \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u064f\u0641\u0636\u0650 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0641 \u0641\u0639\u0644\u064a \u0630\u064a \u0634\u0623\u0646. \u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0639\u064f\u0631\u0641 \u0623\u0631\u063a\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0648\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0634\u0624\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0633\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u063a\u062f\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0648\u0632\u064a\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u0633\u064a\u0637\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0645\u0642\u062a\u0644\u0647 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1291\u0645.\n<\/p>\n

\u062e\u0627\u0645\u0633\u064b\u0627: \u0643\u064a\u062e\u0627\u062a\u0648 (1291\u20131295\u0645)<\/h3>\n

\n\u0623\u062e\u0648 \u0623\u0631\u063a\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0634\u062a\u064f\u0647\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0630\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u062a\u0641\u0631\u064a\u063a \u062e\u0632\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629[15]<\/a><\/sup>. \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u064a\u0627\u0626\u0633\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0639\u0648\u064a\u0636 \u0625\u0641\u0644\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0632\u064a\u0646\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0642 (\u062c\u0627\u0648\/chao)\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0633\u0646\u0629 1294\u0645 \u0646\u0642\u0648\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u062c\u0628\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0632\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u062a\u062c\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0641\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u060c \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0641\u0636\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0634\u0644\u0644 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a \u062a\u0627\u0645 \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0631\u0641\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631 \u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0641\u0627\u0636\u0637\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0626\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0633\u062a\u0629 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0639 \u0641\u0642\u0637[15]<\/a><\/sup>. \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0649 \u0639\u0647\u062f\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0646\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0628.\n<\/p>\n

\u0633\u0627\u062f\u0633\u064b\u0627: \u0628\u0627\u064a\u062f\u0648 (1295\u0645)<\/h3>\n

\n\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0623\u0634\u0647\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u062d\u0633\u0628\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062d\u0641\u0627\u062f \u0647\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0643\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646. \u0623\u064f\u0637\u064a\u062d \u0628\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u064a\u062f \u063a\u0627\u0632\u0627\u0646.\n<\/p>\n

\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0639\u064b\u0627: \u0645\u062d\u0645\u0648\u062f \u063a\u0627\u0632\u0627\u0646 (1295\u20131304\u0645)<\/h3>\n

\n\u064a\u064f\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0631\u062e\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u063a\u0627\u0632\u0627\u0646 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u0628\u0631\u0632 \u062d\u0643\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631\u0647\u0645 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631\u064b\u0627. \u0648\u064f\u0644\u062f \u0639\u0627\u0645 1271\u0645 \u0644\u0623\u0628\u064d \u0628\u0648\u0630\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0646\u0634\u0623 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u063a\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0630\u064a\u0629\u060c \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0646 \u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0628\u0631 1295\u0645\u060c \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0648\u0644\u0651\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645\u060c \u0645\u064f\u062a\u0651\u062e\u0630\u064b\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u0645 \u00ab\u0645\u062d\u0645\u0648\u062f\u00bb \u0648\u0623\u0639\u0644\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u062f\u064a\u0646\u064b\u0627 \u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629[16]<\/a><\/sup>. \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0643\u0646 \u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u063a\u0627\u0632\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f \u062a\u062d\u0648\u0651\u0644 \u062f\u064a\u0646\u064a \u0641\u0631\u062f\u064a\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0646\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u062d\u0636\u0627\u0631\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064b\u0627\u061b \u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0628\u0647\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0630\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0646\u0627\u0626\u0633 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0646\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649\u060c \u062b\u0645 \u0639\u0627\u062f \u0648\u062e\u0641\u0651\u0641 \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0634\u062f\u062f\u0629. \u0648\u062a\u062d\u062a \u0625\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0648\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0642\u0631\u064a \u0631\u0634\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0645\u0630\u0627\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0623\u0637\u0644\u0642 \u063a\u0627\u0632\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0629 \u0625\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642: \u0648\u062d\u0651\u062f \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0632\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0635\u0644\u062d \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u064a\u064f\u062c\u062d\u0641 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0648\u062c\u0633\u0648\u0631 \u0648\u0642\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0631\u064a[4]<\/a><\/sup>. \u0645\u0627\u062a \u063a\u0627\u0632\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0628\u0643\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1304\u0645 \u0639\u0646 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0648\u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u0642\u0637.\n<\/p>\n

\u062b\u0627\u0645\u0646\u064b\u0627: \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u062e\u062f\u0627\u0628\u0646\u062f\u0647 \u0623\u0648\u0644\u062c\u0627\u064a\u062a\u0648 (1304\u20131316\u0645)<\/h3>\n

\n\u0623\u062e\u0648 \u063a\u0627\u0632\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0641\u062a\u0647\u060c \u0648\u064f\u0644\u062f \u0646\u062d\u0648 1280\u0645. \u0627\u0634\u062a\u064f\u0647\u0631 \u0628\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0637\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u060c \u0625\u0630 \u0623\u062a\u0645\u0651 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0627\u0635\u0645\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0634\u064f\u064a\u0651\u062f \u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0633\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0647\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u064f\u0639\u062f\u0651 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0636\u062e\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0648\u0623\u062c\u0645\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0623\u064f\u062f\u0631\u062c\u062a \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0644\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646\u0633\u0643\u0648[2]<\/a><\/sup>. \u062a\u062d\u0648\u0651\u0644 \u0623\u0648\u0644\u062c\u0627\u064a\u062a\u0648 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 1310\u0645 \u0645\u062a\u0623\u062b\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u0639\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d \u064a\u062e\u062a\u0645 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0623\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0646\u064a \u0639\u0634\u0631[13]<\/a><\/sup>.\n<\/p>\n

\u062a\u0627\u0633\u0639\u064b\u0627: \u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0633\u0639\u064a\u062f \u0628\u0647\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u062e\u0627\u0646 (1316\u20131335\u0645)<\/h3>\n

\n\u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u064f\u0644\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u064a\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0648 1305\u0645. \u062a\u0648\u0644\u0651\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0637\u0641\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0645\u0631\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0648\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u0622\u0644 \u062c\u0648\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u064a\u064f\u0647\u064a\u0645\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u0643\u0645\u0647[17]<\/a><\/sup>. \u0646\u0636\u062c\u062a \u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0628\u064a \u0633\u0639\u064a\u062f \u0648\u0623\u062b\u0628\u062a \u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u062a\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0645\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0647 (1319\u0645) \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0635\u062f\u0651\u0649 \u0644\u062a\u0645\u0631\u062f \u0622\u0644 \u062c\u0648\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u062d\u0627\u0633\u0645\u064b\u0627. \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 1323\u0645 \u0648\u0642\u0651\u0639 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0647\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0643\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0646\u0634\u0631 \u062e\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u062d\u0643\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0647\u0628\u064a\u0629. \u0645\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0633\u0639\u064a\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u062f\u064a\u0633\u0645\u0628\u0631 1335\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062e \u0639\u0646 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0630\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0630\u0643\u0648\u0631\u060c \u0641\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0644\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0627\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0641\u0643\u0643\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629[17]<\/a><\/sup>.\n<\/p>\n


\n
\n<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645<\/h2>\n

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\n
\n<\/p>\n

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\n\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u060c \u0623\u0633\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u062a\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0646\u0647\u061b \u0625\u0630 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0637\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u0649 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u062a\u0641\u0643\u0643\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u064f\u062a\u064a\u062d \u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0633\u0628\u0648\u0642\u0629 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0622\u0633\u064a\u0627 \u0628\u0623\u0633\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0645\u0638\u0644\u0629 \u00ab\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0643\u0633 \u0645\u063a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0643\u0627\u00bb (\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0648\u0644\u064a)[4]<\/a><\/sup>. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0645\u0631\u0651 \u0645\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0648 \u0628\u0648\u0644\u0648 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0631\u062d\u0644\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0629 (1271\u20131275\u0645)\u060c \u0648\u0648\u0635\u0641 \u062a\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0632 \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0631\u0627\u0626\u0639\u0629 \u064a\u0642\u0635\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0642\u0627\u0635\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628[19]<\/a><\/sup>. \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u062a\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0632 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0649 \u062d\u0636\u0627\u0631\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u0631\u064a\u062f\u064b\u0627\u061b \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u062a\u064f\u0628\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0633\u0648\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0631\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0648\u0647\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0643\u0644 \u0623\u0646\u062d\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0648\u0641.\n<\/p>\n

\n\u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0634\u0647\u062f\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0638\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 (\u062a\u0633\u0645\u0649 \u00ab\u0623\u0648\u0631\u062a\u0627\u0642\u00bb \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629) \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u062a\u0645\u0648\u0651\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u062a\u064f\u0642\u0631\u0636\u0647\u0645 \u0628\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u062a\u062c\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0633\u064a\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0637. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0641\u0631\u0636 \u0631\u0633\u0648\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u062c\u0645\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0641\u0651\u0631 \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0627\u062a (\u064a\u064f\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0643 \u0648\u062e\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0644) \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0637\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629[18]<\/a><\/sup>. \u0623\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u062c\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0647\u062f \u0643\u064a\u062e\u0627\u062a\u0648 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1294\u0645 \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0648\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0633\u064a\u0648\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0625\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0621\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0634\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0641\u0631\u0627\u0637 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0635\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0646\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0629[15]<\/a><\/sup>.\n<\/p>\n


\n
\n<\/p>\n

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\n\u062c\u0627\u0621 \u062a\u062d\u0648\u0651\u0644 \u063a\u0627\u0632\u0627\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1295\u0645 \u0644\u064a\u064f\u063a\u064a\u0651\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u062c\u0630\u0631\u064a\u064b\u0627\u061b \u0648\u0648\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0646\u064f \u063a\u0627\u0632\u0627\u0646\u064f \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647 \u062a\u062d\u0648\u064f\u0651\u0644\u0647 \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0642\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0627 \u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629[16]<\/a><\/sup>. \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u062f\u064a\u0646\u064b\u0627 \u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0628\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u062c\u062f \u0648\u062a\u0634\u064a\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0633 \u0648\u062a\u0639\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0639\u064a\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0644\u0632\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645. \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u0646 \u0648\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u064a \u0646\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0632 \u0623\u0633\u0631\u0641 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0642\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649\u060c \u0641\u0623\u064f\u0647\u0644\u0643\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0630\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u064f\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062f\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u0643\u0627\u062a\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u064a\u062d\u064a\u0629[20]<\/a><\/sup>. \u0628\u064a\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u063a\u0627\u0632\u0627\u0646 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647 \u0633\u0631\u0639\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639 \u0639\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u062f\u062f \u0648\u0623\u062a\u0627\u062d \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0630\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u063a\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u0637\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0641\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0627 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0628\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629.\n<\/p>\n

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\n
\n<\/p>\n

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\n \u2014 \u0645\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u0631\u0648\u0633\u0627\u0628\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0624\u0631\u062e \u0645\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0622\u0633\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0649\u060c \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0643\u0648\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0628\u064a\u0627<\/strong>\n<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629<\/h3>\n

\n\u0623\u0628\u062f\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0639\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646\u0642\u0637\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0645\u0632\u062c\u0648\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u062b\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0636\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0637\u0631\u0627\u0632 \u0645\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0645\u0645\u064a\u0632. \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0628\u0631\u0632 \u0645\u0646\u062c\u0632\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629: \u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0633\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0628\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0626\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0648\u0644\u062c\u0627\u064a\u062a\u0648 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0635\u0645\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0636\u0644\u0651\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639 49 \u0645\u062a\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0632\u0627\u0644 \u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0623\u064f\u062f\u0631\u062c\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646\u0633\u0643\u0648 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a[2]<\/a><\/sup>. \u0648\u0628\u064f\u0646\u064a \u00ab\u0631\u0628\u0639 \u0631\u0634\u064a\u062f\u064a\u00bb \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0647\u064a\u0631 \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c \u062a\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0632\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u062d\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0636\u062e\u0645 \u0623\u0633\u0651\u0633\u0647 \u0631\u0634\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0636\u0645 \u0622\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062d\u0651\u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0627\u0628\u062e \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0628\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0645\u0634\u0641\u0649 \u0648\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u064a[22]<\/a><\/sup>. \u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0647\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0641\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0645\u0646\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0631\u0633\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u064a (\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u062c\u0648\u0631\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0647\u064a\u0631).\n<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629<\/h3>\n

\n\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0630\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0637\u0628\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u062f \u0633\u0648\u0627\u0621. \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0631\u0634\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0645\u0630\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647 \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0631\u0632\u064b\u0627 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u064f\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0648\u0632\u064a\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u0645\u0624\u0631\u062e\u064b\u0627. \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0639\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u064f\u0631\u062c\u0645\u062a \u0645\u0624\u0644\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0635\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0647\u0646\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0631\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u062c\u0631\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0643\u0633. \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0631\u0635\u062f \u0645\u0631\u0627\u063a\u0629 \u0645\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0649\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0645\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0632\u060c \u064a\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0648\u0628\u064a\u0632\u0646\u0637\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0629[21]<\/a><\/sup>.\n<\/p>\n


\n
\n<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0628\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629<\/h2>\n

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\n\u0623\u0631\u0633\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u0631\u063a\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 1287\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0631\u0628\u0651\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0645\u0627 (Bar Sauma)\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0631\u0627\u0647\u0628 \u0646\u0633\u0637\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u0643\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0639\u062b\u0629 \u062f\u0628\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0645 \u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u0649. \u0632\u0627\u0631 \u0631\u0628\u0651\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0633\u0637\u0646\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0631\u0648\u0645\u0627 \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u0648\u0628\u0648\u0631\u062f\u0648\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0649 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a \u0641\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0648\u0645\u0644\u0643 \u0625\u0646\u0643\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627 \u0625\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0648\u0635\u0641 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0630\u0643\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0647\u0634\u0629 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0632\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639\u064b\u0627 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0642\u064a\u0651\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645[23]<\/a><\/sup>.\n<\/p>\n

\n\u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062e\u0631\u060c \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u062a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0622\u0633\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0649 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629\u064b \u0639\u062f\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0642\u0637\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0632\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0628\u0627\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0628\u0639\u062f \u062a\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0639 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0647\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1304\u0645\u060c \u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0628\u0640\u00ab\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0643\u0633 \u0645\u063a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0643\u0627\u00bb[1]<\/a><\/sup>.\n<\/p>\n


\n
\n<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0647\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u0643 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0641<\/h2>\n

\n\u0628\u0644\u063a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0630\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0648\u0641\u0627\u0629 \u0623\u0628\u064a \u0633\u0639\u064a\u062f \u0628\u0647\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u062e\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u062f\u064a\u0633\u0645\u0628\u0631 1335\u0645\u061b \u0625\u0630 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0647 \u0648\u0644\u062f \u0630\u0643\u0631 \u064a\u0631\u062b\u0647\u060c \u0641\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0641\u0639\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0631\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0633\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0637\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u063a\u0631[6]<\/a><\/sup>. \u0646\u0635\u0651\u0628 \u0623\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u0642\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0633\u0645\u0647 \u063a\u064a\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0631\u0634\u062d\u064e\u0647 \u0623\u0631\u067e\u0627 \u0643\u0626\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0634\u060c \u0645\u064f\u0641\u062a\u062a\u062d\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0642\u0635\u064a\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u062a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u064a\u064c\u0651 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0641\u0631\u0636 \u0633\u0644\u0637\u062a\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0623\u0633\u0631\u0647\u0627.\n<\/p>\n

\n\u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 1330\u0645 \u062a\u0641\u0634\u0651\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0639\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0631\u062c\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u0648\u062f\u0649 \u0628\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0623\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0645\u064f\u0641\u0627\u0642\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0648\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a[6]<\/a><\/sup>. \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 1338\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u00ab\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631\u00bb \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0630\u0631\u0628\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0628\u062f\u0623\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0628\u062b\u0642\u0629 \u062a\u0645\u0644\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0627\u063a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a. \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 1357\u0645 \u0641\u062a\u062d \u062c\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0628\u0643 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0647\u0628 \u062a\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0632\u064e \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0633\u064a\u0637\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0686\u0648\u0628\u0627\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0645\u064f\u0646\u0647\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0628\u0642\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0636\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645[6]<\/a><\/sup>.\n<\/p>\n

\n\u062e\u0644\u0651\u0641\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0647\u0627 \u062f\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062a \u062e\u0644\u0641 \u062a\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0633\u062a \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0645\u0646\u0629 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u062c\u0627\u0621 \u062a\u064a\u0645\u0648\u0631\u0644\u0646\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0648\u0627\u062e\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0639\u0634\u0631 \u0648\u0623\u062e\u0636\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639\u064b\u0627:\n<\/p>\n

\n\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0644\u0627\u0626\u0631\u064a\u0648\u0646:<\/strong> \u0623\u0633\u0633\u0648\u0627 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u063a\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0648\u062a\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0632 (1335\u20131432\u0645)\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0635\u0644 \u0645\u063a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0648\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0648\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0648\u0623\u0630\u0631\u0628\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0646. \u0627\u0644\u0686\u0648\u0628\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0646:<\/strong> \u0646\u0628\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u063a\u0648\u0644 \u0633\u064a\u0637\u0631\u0648\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0630\u0631\u0628\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0623\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646. \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0638\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0648\u0646:<\/strong> \u0623\u0633\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u0627\u0631\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645\u0629 \u062d\u0643\u0645\u062a \u0641\u0627\u0631\u0633 \u0648\u0643\u0631\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0623\u0635\u0641\u0647\u0627\u0646. \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0648\u0646:<\/strong> \u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0634\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0634\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u0643\u0645\u062a \u062e\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0631\u0633\u0648\u0645\u064d \u062b\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0646\u0633\u0628\u064a\u064b\u0627[6]<\/a><\/sup>.\n<\/p>\n


\n
\n<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0631\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0636\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a<\/h2>\n

\n\u064a\u064f\u0639\u062f\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0631\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0631\u062b\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0636\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0642\u064a\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u0625\u062b\u0627\u0631\u0629\u064b \u0644\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u061b \u0641\u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u0645\u0651\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u062d\u0636\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064d \u0639\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0648\u0627 \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0631\u0627\u0633\u062e\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0623\u0633\u0647\u0645\u0648\u0627 -\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0647\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0646\u0635\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0636\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629- \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0644\u062d\u0638\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0636\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0649.\n<\/p>\n

\n\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0639\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u064a\u060c \u062a\u064f\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u0648\u0651\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0633\u0631\u0651\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0633\u0644\u0645\u0629 \u0622\u0633\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0649\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0646 \u0645\u064a\u0644\u0647\u0645 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u064a\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0647\u062f \u0623\u0648\u0644\u062c\u0627\u064a\u062a\u0648 \u0645\u0647\u0651\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0641\u0643\u0631\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0628\u0644\u063a \u0630\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0647 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u0648\u064a\u064a\u0646[2]<\/a><\/sup>. \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0639\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0631\u0648\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0631\u0633\u064a-\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u064a\u0627\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0648\u0646.\n<\/p>\n

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