{"id":2671,"date":"2026-06-09T08:21:02","date_gmt":"2026-06-09T04:51:02","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/cosmalore.com\/ar\/?p=2671"},"modified":"2026-06-09T08:23:29","modified_gmt":"2026-06-09T04:53:29","slug":"%d8%a7%d8%aa%d9%81%d8%a7%d9%82%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d8%b3%d8%a7%d9%8a%d9%83%d8%b3-%d8%a8%d9%8a%d9%83%d9%88","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/cosmalore.com\/ar\/wiki\/%d8%a7%d8%aa%d9%81%d8%a7%d9%82%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d8%b3%d8%a7%d9%8a%d9%83%d8%b3-%d8%a8%d9%8a%d9%83%d9%88\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0633\u0627\u064a\u0643\u0633 \u0628\u064a\u0643\u0648"},"content":{"rendered":"<article class=\"cosmalore-article\" lang=\"ar\" dir=\"rtl\">\n<section class=\"intro-section\">\n<h2 id=\"koz-h-0\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629<\/h2>\n<p>\n\u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0633\u0627\u064a\u0643\u0633 \u0628\u064a\u0643\u0648\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0648\u0641\u0629 \u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0627\u064b 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\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0636\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0646\u0641\u0648\u0630 \u0628\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0628\u0647\u0632\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0643. \u0643\u0634\u0641\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0646\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0648\u0641\u0645\u0628\u0631 1917\u060c \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0646\u0634\u0631\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0634\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0629 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1915-1916\u0645.\n<\/p>\n<p>\n\u064a\u0645\u062a\u062f \u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u064a\u0627\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0626\u062a \u0628\u0623\u0643\u0645\u0644\u0647\u061b \u0625\u0630 \u0631\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0648\u0636\u0627\u0646 \u062e\u0637\u0648\u0637\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u0623\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0635\u0627\u0635\u060c \u0641\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0651\u0644\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0641\u0627\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0631\u0627\u062d \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u064f\u0644\u062f\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0631\u062d\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0633\u064a\u0645 \u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0646\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645: \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062f\u0646 \u0648\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0637\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0631 \u0625\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a 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\u0623\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0635\u0627\u0635 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0636\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0631\u0642\u0639\u0629 \u062d\u0636\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629.\n<\/p>\n<\/section>\n<p><!-- =================== INFOBOX =================== --><\/p>\n<div class=\"infobox\">\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<th colspan=\"2\">\u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0633\u0627\u064a\u0643\u0633 \u0628\u064a\u0643\u0648<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"ib-sec\">\n<td colspan=\"2\">\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"ib-row\">\n<td class=\"ib-label\">\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a<\/td>\n<td class=\"ib-val\">\u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0622\u0633\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u063a\u0631\u0649 (Asia Minor Agreement)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"ib-row\">\n<td class=\"ib-label\">\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0639<\/td>\n<td class=\"ib-val\">16 \u0645\u0627\u064a\u0648 1916\u0645 <sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/event\/Sykes-Picot-Agreement\" title=\"1|Sykes-Picot Agreement|Encyclopaedia Britannica|2026\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[1]<\/a><\/sup><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"ib-row\">\n<td class=\"ib-label\">\u0628\u062f\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0648\u0636\u0627\u062a<\/td>\n<td class=\"ib-val\">\u0646\u0648\u0641\u0645\u0628\u0631 1915\u0645<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"ib-row\">\n<td class=\"ib-label\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0650\u0651\u0639\u0648\u0646<\/td>\n<td class=\"ib-val\">\u0625\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u063a\u0631\u0627\u064a (\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627)\u060c \u0628\u0648\u0644 \u0643\u0627\u0645\u0628\u0648\u0646 (\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u0627)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"ib-row\">\n<td class=\"ib-label\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0648\u0646<\/td>\n<td class=\"ib-val\">\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0627\u0631\u0643 \u0633\u0627\u064a\u0643\u0633 (\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627)\u060c \u0641\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0648\u0627 \u062c\u0648\u0631\u062c \u0628\u064a\u0643\u0648 (\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u0627)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"ib-row\">\n<td class=\"ib-label\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0633\u064a<\/td>\n<td class=\"ib-val\">\u0633\u064a\u0631\u063a\u064a \u0633\u0627\u0632\u0648\u0646\u0648\u0641 \u0648\u0632\u064a\u0631 \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0631\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"ib-row\">\n<td class=\"ib-label\">\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<td class=\"ib-val\">\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 (\u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642\u0629 \u0631\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0629)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"ib-row\">\n<td class=\"ib-label\">\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0636<\/td>\n<td class=\"ib-val\">\u062a\u0642\u0633\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0646\u0641\u0648\u0630<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"ib-row\">\n<td class=\"ib-label\">\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0639\u0646\u0647\u0627<\/td>\n<td class=\"ib-val\">\u0646\u0648\u0641\u0645\u0628\u0631 1917\u0645 (\u0646\u0634\u0631\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0634\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0629) <sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/event\/Sykes-Picot-Agreement\" title=\"2|Sykes-Picot Agreement|Encyclopaedia Britannica|2026\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[2]<\/a><\/sup><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"ib-sec\">\n<td colspan=\"2\">\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0633\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"ib-row\">\n<td class=\"ib-label\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0621 (\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627)<\/td>\n<td class=\"ib-val\">\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0648\u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642 (\u0628\u063a\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0631\u0629)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"ib-row\">\n<td class=\"ib-label\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0621 (\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u0627)<\/td>\n<td class=\"ib-val\">\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0648\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0627<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"ib-row\">\n<td class=\"ib-label\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 (\u0623) &#8211; \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0648\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a<\/td>\n<td class=\"ib-val\">\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0635\u0644<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"ib-row\">\n<td class=\"ib-label\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 (\u0628) &#8211; \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0648\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a<\/td>\n<td class=\"ib-val\">\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062f\u0646<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"ib-row\">\n<td class=\"ib-label\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 (\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629)<\/td>\n<td class=\"ib-val\">\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0629 <sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.history.com\/this-day-in-history\/may-16\/britain-and-france-conclude-sykes-picot-agreement\" title=\"3|Britain and France conclude Sykes-Picot agreement|History.com|2025\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[3]<\/a><\/sup><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"ib-sec\">\n<td colspan=\"2\">\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"ib-row\">\n<td class=\"ib-label\">\u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u064a\u0637<\/td>\n<td class=\"ib-val\">\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 (1914-1918\u0645)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"ib-row\">\n<td class=\"ib-label\">\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637\u0629<\/td>\n<td class=\"ib-val\">\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646-\u0645\u0643\u0645\u0627\u0647\u0648\u0646 (1915\u0645)\u060c \u0648\u0639\u062f \u0628\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0631 (1917\u0645)\u060c \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0647\u062f\u0629 \u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0631\u064a\u0645\u0648 (1920\u0645)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"ib-row\">\n<td class=\"ib-label\">\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627<\/td>\n<td class=\"ib-val\">\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062f\u0646\u060c \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"ib-row\">\n<td class=\"ib-label\">\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0642<\/td>\n<td class=\"ib-val\">\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0628 \u0639\u0635\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645\u060c \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0647\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0648\u0632\u0627\u0646 1923\u0645<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"ib-sec\">\n<td colspan=\"2\">\u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0648\u0636\u064a\u0646<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"ib-row\">\n<td class=\"ib-label\">\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0643 \u0633\u0627\u064a\u0643\u0633<\/td>\n<td class=\"ib-val\">1879-1919\u0645\u060c \u0646\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0628\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0639\u0636\u0648 \u0628\u0631\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"ib-row\">\n<td class=\"ib-label\">\u0641\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0648\u0627 \u062c\u0648\u0631\u062c \u0628\u064a\u0643\u0648<\/td>\n<td class=\"ib-val\">1870-1951\u0645\u060c \u062f\u0628\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a \u0648\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0645\u064d\u060c \u0642\u0646\u0635\u0644 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<div class=\"ib-foot\">COSMALORE \u00b7 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0633\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p><!-- =================== END INFOBOX =================== --><\/p>\n<p><!-- =================== MAIN ARTICLE =================== --><\/p>\n<section class=\"article-body\">\n<h2 id=\"koz-h-1\">\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a: &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0623\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0629&#8221; \u0648\u0627\u0646\u0647\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062c\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0636<\/h2>\n<p>\n\u0644\u0643\u064a \u064a\u064f\u062f\u0631\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0621 \u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0633\u0627\u064a\u0643\u0633 \u0628\u064a\u0643\u0648 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0645\u0642\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a\u060c \u064a\u0646\u0628\u063a\u064a \u0644\u0647 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0639\u0648\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0630\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u0627 \u0639\u064f\u0631\u0641 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0628\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0640&#8221;\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0623\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0629&#8221; (The Eastern Question)\u061b \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0627\u0628\u062a\u0643\u0631\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0628\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0633\u0639 \u0639\u0634\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u062c\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u0645\u0635\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0633\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0631\u0632\u062d \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0637\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0646\u0647\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0628\u0627\u062a\u062a \u062a\u064f\u0648\u0635\u0641 \u0633\u0627\u062e\u0631\u0629\u064b \u0628\u0640&#8221;\u0627\u0644\u0631\u062c\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0636 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0627&#8221;. \u0641\u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0645\u0646\u062a\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0633\u0639 \u0639\u0634\u0631\u060c \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u0649 \u062a\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0635 \u0641\u064a \u0631\u0642\u0635\u0629 \u062f\u0628\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u0633\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0633\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0636\u0631\u060c \u062a\u0646\u062a\u0638\u0631 \u0644\u062d\u0638\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0642\u0648\u0637 \u0644\u062a\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0631\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0645\u064a\u0646<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/encyclopedia.1914-1918-online.net\/article\/sykes-picot-agreement\/\" title=\"4|Sykes-Picot Agreement|1914-1918 Online WW1 Encyclopedia|2024\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[4]<\/a><\/sup>.\n<\/p>\n<p>\n\u0641\u064a \u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633 1915\u0645\u060c \u0623\u0628\u0631\u0645\u062a \u0628\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0633\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0631\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u062f\u0651\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0629\u061b \u0625\u0630 \u0648\u0639\u062f\u062a \u0644\u0631\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0627 \u0628\u0636\u0645\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0633\u0637\u0646\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0635\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0643 \u0648\u0645\u0636\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0647 \u062c\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u062f\u062a\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u062a\u062d\u0644\u0645 \u0628\u0647 \u0645\u0648\u0633\u0643\u0648 \u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0642\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u062d\u062b\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0641\u0630 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0641\u0626\u0629. \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062f\u0641\u0639\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0643 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0623\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0633\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.history.com\/this-day-in-history\/may-16\/britain-and-france-conclude-sykes-picot-agreement\" title=\"5|Britain and France conclude Sykes-Picot agreement|History.com|2025\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[5]<\/a><\/sup>. \u0648\u0628\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0627\u0629 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0628\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u0627 \u062a\u062e\u0648\u0636\u0627\u0646 \u0646\u0642\u0627\u0634\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639\u0645\u0651\u0642\u0629 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0624\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0641\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0632\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0637\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0643\u0644\u062a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u062d\u0627\u0636\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0643\u0631.\n<\/p>\n<p>\n\u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u0627 \u062a\u064f\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u062f\u0651\u0647 \u062d\u0642\u0627\u064b \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a &#8220;\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u0649&#8221;\u060c \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f\u0629\u064b \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0633\u064a\u062d\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0631\u0633\u0651\u062e\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062f\u0633 \u0639\u0634\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0646 \u0633\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0641\u0648\u0630\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u062b\u064e\u0651\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0633 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u0646\u0634\u0623\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0645 \u0637\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0629. \u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0641\u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0623\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062e\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0646\u0641\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0635\u0644 \u0648\u0628\u063a\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0628\u062f\u0623\u062a \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u0636\u062d \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062d\u0645 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0637 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/geopol.uk\/historical\/sykes-picot\/\" title=\"6|The Sykes-Picot Agreement: The Map That Made the Modern Middle East|GEOPOL|2026\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[6]<\/a><\/sup>.\n<\/p>\n<p>\n\u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0637\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0641\u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0643\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0637\u0644\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u064a \u0648\u0636\u0639 \u064a\u064f\u0628\u0639\u062b \u0645\u0646\u0647 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\u0644\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0627. \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0647\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628\u060c \u0628\u062f\u0623\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0648\u0636\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u062c\u0644\u0648-\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0623\u062e\u0630 \u0645\u0646\u062d\u0649\u064b \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0644\u062a\u0641\u0636\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0627\u0641 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0633\u0627\u064a\u0643\u0633 \u0628\u064a\u0643\u0648.\n<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"koz-h-2\">\u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646: \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0628\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a<\/h2>\n<p>\n\u0625\u0646 \u0623\u0631\u062f\u0646\u0627 \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0631\u0648\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u062a\u062c\u062a\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u060c \u0641\u0644\u0627 \u0628\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0641 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u062a\u064e\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0648\u0636\u064e\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0630\u064e\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u062d\u0627\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u0645\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0627\u0646 \u0646\u0645\u0627\u0630\u062c \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0624\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0628.\n<\/p>\n<p>\n\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0627\u0631\u0643 \u0633\u0627\u064a\u0643\u0633 (1879-1919\u0645) \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0625\u0646\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0633\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0631\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u062b\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0645\u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0623\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064d \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0637\u0639\u0629 \u064a\u0648\u0631\u0643\u0634\u0627\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0644\u062f \u0644\u0623\u0628 \u063a\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0648\u0627\u0631 \u062b\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0633\u0645\u0647 \u062a\u0627\u062a\u0648\u0646 \u0633\u0627\u064a\u0643\u0633. \u0633\u0644\u0643 \u0645\u0633\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0627\u0645\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0635\u0628\u0627\u0647\u061b \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0634\u0647\u062f\u062a \u062d\u064a\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0631\u062d\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0637\u0648\u0651\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0631\u0628 \u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628 \u0623\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0627 (\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0631)\u060c \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0639\u0636\u0648\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0639\u0646 \u062d\u0632\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638\u064a\u0646<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.irishtimes.com\/culture\/heritage\/sir-mark-sykes-the-man-who-changed-the-face-of-the-middle-east-1.1958009\" title=\"7|Sir Mark Sykes, the man who changed the face of the Middle East|The Irish Times|2014\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[7]<\/a><\/sup>. \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0633\u0627\u064a\u0643\u0633 \u064a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0631\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0648\u0647\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0631\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0645\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0631\u0649 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0627\u064b \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u0635\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647. \u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0641\u0627\u0648\u0636\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0633-\u0644\u0646\u062f\u0646 \u0628\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u0631\u062f \u0643\u064a\u062a\u0634\u0646\u0631 \u0648\u0632\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u064a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0644\u0627 \u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0636\u0641\u0649 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u0636\u0647 \u0637\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0627\u064b-\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0643\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u062f\u0628\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642. \u0648\u0635\u0641\u0647 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0647 \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0647 &#8220;\u062c\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647 \u0645\u062a\u0634\u0642\u0651\u0642&#8221;\u061b \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u062a\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u064a\u064f\u0639\u0628\u0651\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u062a\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0636 \u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0633\u064a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064f\u0641\u0631\u0650\u0637<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/explaininghistory.org\/2025\/11\/27\/the-imperial-cartographers-mark-sykes-francois-georges-picot-and-the-line-that-split-the-sand\/\" title=\"8|The Imperial Cartographers: Mark Sykes and Picot|Explaining History Podcast|2025\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[8]<\/a><\/sup>. \u0645\u0627\u062a \u0633\u0627\u064a\u0643\u0633 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 1919\u0645 \u0645\u0635\u0627\u0628\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0648\u0628\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0641\u0644\u0648\u0646\u0632\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u064a\u062d\u0636\u0631 \u0645\u0624\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u0644\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0631\u0649 \u0628\u0639\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0647 \u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0641\u0631\u0632\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0631\u0633\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062b.\n<\/p>\n<p>\n\u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0648\u0627 \u062c\u0648\u0631\u062c \u0628\u064a\u0643\u0648 (1870-1951\u0645) \u0641\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u064a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0643\u0633 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0628\u0647\u061b \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0645\u064d \u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0645\u0633\u064a\u0631\u062a\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0626\u0646\u0627\u0641 \u0628\u0628\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0646\u0636\u0645 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0628\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 1896\u0645\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062f\u0631\u0651\u062c \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0628 \u0642\u0646\u0635\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u062f\u0629 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0648\u0635\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646\u0635\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0646\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a \u0642\u064f\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/interactive.aljazeera.com\/aje\/2016\/sykes-picot-100-years-middle-east-map\/index.html\" title=\"9|A century on: Why Arabs resent Sykes-Picot|Al Jazeera|2016\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[9]<\/a><\/sup>. \u0641\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a\u060c \u0623\u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u064a\u0643\u0648 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062b\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u064a\u062d\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0623\u062a\u0642\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0631\u0624\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0632\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u062b\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629. \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0631\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u062c\u0648\u0631\u062c \u0628\u064a\u0643\u0648\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0631\u064a\u062b\u0627\u064b \u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f \u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a \u0648\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0631\u0627\u0633\u062e. \u0648\u0628\u0648\u0635\u0641\u0647 \u0639\u0636\u0648\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0632\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a&#8221;\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0641\u0639 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062a\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u062d\u0642 \u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u062a\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0643\u0646\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0627\u064b \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0633\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0635\u0644 \u0634\u0631\u0642\u0627\u064b \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637\u064a \u063a\u0631\u0628\u0627\u064b. \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0635\u0631\u0627\u0645\u0629\u064b \u0648\u062a\u0634\u062f\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0648\u0636\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0633\u0627\u064a\u0643\u0633\u061b \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u062e\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0644\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0633\u064a<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Fran%C3%A7ois_Georges-Picot\" title=\"10|Fran\u00e7ois Georges-Picot|Wikipedia|2024\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[10]<\/a><\/sup>. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0639\u064f\u064a\u0650\u0651\u0646 \u0644\u0627\u062d\u0642\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0641\u0648\u0636\u0627\u064b \u0633\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0651\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0646 1917 \u06481919\u0645\u060c \u062b\u0645 \u0633\u0641\u064a\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062c\u0646\u062a\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0639\u0627\u0634 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1951\u0645 \u0634\u0627\u0647\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0627 \u0635\u0646\u0639\u062a \u064a\u062f\u0627\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0627\u0631\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b.\n<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"koz-h-3\">\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0648\u0636\u0627\u062a: \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u0648\u0649 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0633\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u064a<\/h2>\n<p>\n\u0628\u062f\u0623\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0648\u0636\u0627\u062a \u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0648\u0641\u0645\u0628\u0631 1915\u0645\u060c \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0642\u062f\u0651\u0645 \u0628\u064a\u0643\u0648 \u0628\u0648\u0635\u0641\u0647 \u0645\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0628\u0627\u064b \u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0644\u0646\u062f\u0646\u060c \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064e \u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u0648\u0649 \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0644\u062c\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a. \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0634\u0645\u0644 &#8220;\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629&#8221; \u0628\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0648\u0636\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0646\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u0645\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u0627\u064b<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/encyclopedia.1914-1918-online.net\/article\/sykes-picot-agreement\/\" title=\"11|Sykes-Picot Agreement|1914-1918 Online WW1 Encyclopedia|2024\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[11]<\/a><\/sup>. \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0644\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0648\u0636\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0633\u0627\u064a\u0643\u0633 \u0648\u0628\u064a\u0643\u0648\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0645\u062d\u0627\u062f\u062b\u0629 \u0645\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062b\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0641\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0629\u061b \u0639\u0634\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0637 \u0648\u062a\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062e\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0629 \u0645\u0645\u062f\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0630\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629.\n<\/p>\n<p>\n\u062a\u0648\u0635\u0651\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062c\u0644\u0627\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0635\u064a\u063a\u0629 \u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u064a\u0646\u0627\u064a\u0631 1916\u0645\u060c \u062b\u0645 \u0623\u064f\u062f\u062e\u0644\u062a \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0641\u0628\u0631\u0627\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0630\u0627\u062a\u0647<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/encyclopedia.1914-1918-online.net\/article\/sykes-picot-agreement\/\" title=\"12|Sykes-Picot Agreement|1914-1918 Online WW1 Encyclopedia|2024\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[12]<\/a><\/sup>. \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0625\u062d\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0647\u0627 \u0633\u0627\u064a\u0643\u0633 \u0647\u064a \u0641\u0634\u0644\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0636\u0645\u0651 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u0629 \u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628 \u062e\u0637 \u064a\u0645\u062a\u062f \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u0641\u0627 \u0648\u0643\u0631\u0643\u0648\u0643 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0648\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u064a\u064f\u0645\u062b\u0651\u0644 \u0647\u062f\u0641\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a. \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u060c \u0646\u062c\u062d \u0628\u064a\u0643\u0648 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062b\u0628\u064a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0636\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0635\u0644 \u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0628\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627 \u062a\u0637\u0645\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0637\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u062b\u0631\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0646\u0641\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0623\u064f\u0636\u0641\u064a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0627\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0627\u064a\u0648 1916\u0645 \u0628\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0631\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b: \u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u0627 \u0648\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0631\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.alaraby.co.uk\/maaref\/documents\/%D9%86%D8%B5%D9%91-%D8%A7%D8%AA%D9%81%D8%A7%D9%82%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%8A%D9%83%D8%B3-%D8%A8%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%88-1916\" title=\"13|\u0646\u0635 \u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0633\u0627\u064a\u0643\u0633 \u0628\u064a\u0643\u0648 1916|\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0641 - \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f|2025\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[13]<\/a><\/sup>. \u0648\u0648\u0642\u0651\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062b\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0643\u0644\u064c\u0651 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u063a\u0631\u0627\u064a \u0648\u0632\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0648\u0644 \u0643\u0627\u0645\u0628\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0644\u0646\u062f\u0646.\n<\/p>\n<p>\n\u0648\u0642\u062f \u0642\u064a\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0627\u062d\u0642\u0629 \u0625\u0646 \u0633\u0627\u064a\u0643\u0633 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647 \u0639\u0628\u0651\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u0646\u062f\u0645\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u062c\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629\u061b \u0641\u0641\u064a \u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0627\u062d\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0623\u062f\u0631\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u0631\u062e \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0627 \u0648\u0639\u062f \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628 \u0648\u0645\u0627 \u0631\u0633\u0645\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0637\u0648\u0637 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0633\u064a\u0645. \u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0644\u062f \u0645\u0627\u0631\u0634\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0647\u0646\u0631\u064a \u0648\u064a\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0646 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0623\u0631\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0637\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0648\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0627\u062d\u0642\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0642\u0648\u0644\u0647 \u0625\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 &#8220;\u062a\u064f\u0645\u0632\u064e\u0651\u0642 \u0628\u0623\u064a \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0629&#8221;<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jmeca.org.uk\/latest\/book-reviews\/man-who-created-middle-east\" title=\"14|The Man Who Created the Middle East|Jerusalem and Middle East Church Association|2016\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[14]<\/a><\/sup>\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0642\u0627\u0633\u064d \u064a\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0643\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0647\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062b\u064a\u0642\u0629.\n<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"koz-h-4\">\u0645\u0636\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629: \u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0633\u064a\u0645<\/h2>\n<p>\n\u0646\u0635\u0651\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0635\u064a\u0627\u063a\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0642\u0633\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u062a\u0642\u0633\u064a\u0645 \u064a\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0637\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0648\u0630 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.palquest.org\/ar\/historictext\/9595\/%D8%A7%D8%AA%D9%81%D8%A7%D9%82%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%8A%D9%83%D8%B3-%D8%A8%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%88\" title=\"15|\u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0633\u0627\u064a\u0643\u0633-\u0628\u064a\u0643\u0648 - 16 \u0623\u064a\u0627\u0631 1916|\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u0643\u0631\u0629|2024\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[15]<\/a><\/sup>:\n<\/p>\n<p>\n<strong>\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0621 (\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0637\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629):<\/strong> \u0634\u0645\u0644\u062a \u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0648\u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u062a\u064e\u064a \u0628\u063a\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0648\u0635\u0644\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0634\u0648\u0627\u0637\u0626 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a. \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u064a \u0648\u0633\u0627\u0637\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a. \u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d\u064c \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u062a\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u062b\u0631\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0628\u062f\u0623\u062a \u062a\u064f\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0628\u0629<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.history.com\/this-day-in-history\/may-16\/britain-and-france-conclude-sykes-picot-agreement\" title=\"16|Britain and France conclude Sykes-Picot agreement|History.com|2025\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[16]<\/a><\/sup>.\n<\/p>\n<p>\n<strong>\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627\u064b: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0621 (\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0637\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629):<\/strong> \u0627\u0645\u062a\u062f\u062a \u0644\u062a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062f\u0646\u0629 \u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0627\u064b \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0635\u064a\u062f\u0627 \u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0648\u062c\u0628\u0644 \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0630\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0643\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0636\u0648\u0644. \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u062a\u0645\u062b\u0651\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0636\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a \u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u064a\u062d\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u0631\u0639\u062a \u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0642\u0631\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u0633\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0628\u0644 \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/geopol.uk\/historical\/sykes-picot\/\" title=\"17|The Sykes-Picot Agreement: The Map That Made the Modern Middle East|GEOPOL|2026\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[17]<\/a><\/sup>.\n<\/p>\n<p>\n<strong>\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u064b: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 (\u0623) &#8211; \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0648\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a:<\/strong> \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u0649\u060c \u0623\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0636\u0645 \u062f\u0645\u0634\u0642 \u0648\u062d\u0645\u0635 \u0648\u062d\u0645\u0627\u0629 \u0648\u062d\u0644\u0628\u060c \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629\u064b \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0635\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642. \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0629 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0645\u0639 \u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0648\u0636 \u0648\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628. \u0648\u0628\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649 \u0622\u062e\u0631\u060c \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0648\u0633\u064a\u0637\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0647\u0631<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ar.irakipedia.org\/wiki\/77\/%D8%A7%D8%AA%D9%81%D8%A7%D9%82%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%8A%D9%83%D8%B3-%D8%A8%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%88\" title=\"18|\u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0633\u0627\u064a\u0643\u0633 \u0628\u064a\u0643\u0648 - \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644|\u0645\u0648\u0633\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0641\u062f\u064a\u0646|2024\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[18]<\/a><\/sup>.\n<\/p>\n<p>\n<strong>\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0627\u064b: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 (\u0628) &#8211; \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0648\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a:<\/strong> \u062a\u0645\u062b\u0651\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0627 \u0633\u064a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0644\u0627\u062d\u0642\u0627\u064b \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062f\u0646 \u0648\u0623\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u0635\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0628 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0633\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0621. \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0645\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u062d\u0644\u0641 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0648\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u062d\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a.\n<\/p>\n<p>\n<strong>\u062e\u0627\u0645\u0633\u0627\u064b: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629):<\/strong> \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0642\u0631\u0651\u0631\u0629\u064b \u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u062a\u0636\u0645 \u0628\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u0627 \u0648\u0631\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0627\u0629 \u0645\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u064a\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0633\u0629. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u062c\u0627\u0621 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0636\u063a\u0648\u0637 \u0631\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u062d\u0636\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0627\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u064a\u062d\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0633\u0651\u0628\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0628\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/event\/Sykes-Picot-Agreement\" title=\"19|Sykes-Picot Agreement|Encyclopaedia Britannica|2026\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[19]<\/a><\/sup>.\n<\/p>\n<p>\n\u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0635\u0639\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0646\u0635\u0651\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0645\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0628\u0642\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0633\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0639\u0648\u0644 \u0644\u0645\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642\u060c \u0648\u062d\u0638\u0631 \u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u062c\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0643 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629\u061b \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0628\u0646\u062f \u064a\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0645\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u062a\u064e\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062a\u064e\u064a\u0646<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.clhrf.com\/unresagreements\/sykwspico1916.htm\" title=\"20|\u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0633\u0627\u064a\u0643\u0633 \u0628\u064a\u0643\u0648 1916 - \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644|\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646|2020\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[20]<\/a><\/sup>. \u0648\u0646\u0635\u0651\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0633\u0639\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0632\u0644 \u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0621 \u0644\u0623\u064a \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u0628\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0643\u0633\u061b \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0639\u0646 \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0644 \u0628\u062d\u0635\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0648\u0630.\n<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"koz-h-5\">\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0639\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0636\u0629: \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646-\u0645\u0643\u0645\u0627\u0647\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0648\u0639\u062f \u0628\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0631<\/h2>\n<p>\n\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0633\u0627\u064a\u0643\u0633 \u0628\u064a\u0643\u0648 \u0628\u0645\u0639\u0632\u0644 \u0639\u0646 \u0648\u062b\u064a\u0642\u062a\u064e\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u064a\u064e\u064a\u064e\u0646 \u0648\u064f\u062c\u062f\u062a\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642 \u0630\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0648\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0636\u062a\u0627 \u0645\u0639 \u0628\u0639\u0636\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0636\u0627\u064b \u0635\u0627\u0631\u062e\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0645\u0634\u0643\u0651\u0644\u062a\u064e\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0636\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0628\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0645\u062f\u0641\u0648\u0646\u0629\u064b \u0643\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0645 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0639\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0646\u0629.\n<\/p>\n<p>\n\u0627\u0644\u0648\u062b\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u064a \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646-\u0645\u0643\u0645\u0627\u0647\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062c\u0631\u062a \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0648 1915 \u0648\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633 1916\u0645\u061b \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0631\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u062a\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0623\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0643\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0647\u0646\u0631\u064a \u0645\u0643\u0645\u0627\u0647\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0648\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0635\u0631<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/Husayn-McMahon-correspondence\" title=\"21|Hussein-McMahon correspondence|Encyclopaedia Britannica|2026\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[21]<\/a><\/sup>. \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0639\u062f\u062a \u0628\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627 \u0628\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0625\u0634\u0639\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0636\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0643. \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0647\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0631\u062e\u0629 \u0641\u064a 24 \u0623\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0628\u0631 1915\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0639\u062f \u0645\u0643\u0645\u0627\u0647\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0640&#8221;\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628 \u0648\u062f\u0639\u0645\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0642\u062a\u0631\u062d\u0647\u0627&#8221; \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0641\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a \u062a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0634\u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u0649 \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062f\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642. \u0641\u062a\u062d \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0646\u0637\u0644\u0642\u062a \u0641\u064a \u064a\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0648 1916\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0642\u062f \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0646 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0625\u0642\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0645\u062a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u0644\u0628 \u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u062f\u0646 \u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628\u0627\u064b<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/interactive.aljazeera.com\/aje\/2016\/sykes-picot-100-years-middle-east-map\/index.html\" title=\"22|A century on: Why Arabs resent Sykes-Picot|Al Jazeera|2016\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[22]<\/a><\/sup>. \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0633\u0627\u064a\u0643\u0633 \u0628\u064a\u0643\u0648 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0642\u062f \u0648\u064f\u0642\u0650\u0651\u0639\u062a \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0639 \u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0636 \u0635\u0627\u0631\u062e \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0635\u062d\u0651 \u062a\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0631\u0647 \u0628\u0623\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642 \u062f\u0628\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0623\u0648 \u0623\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642\u064a. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0635\u0631\u0651\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u0631\u062f \u0643\u0631\u0632\u0648\u0646 \u0644\u0627\u062d\u0642\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639 \u0633\u0631\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 1918\u0645 \u0628\u0623\u0646 \u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0643\u0645\u0627\u0647\u0648\u0646 &#8220;\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0651\u0646\u062a \u0648\u0639\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0623\u0646 \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646 \u0633\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0629&#8221;<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/britainpalestineproject.org\/mcmahon-sykes-balfour-contradictions-and-concealments-in-british-palestine-policy1915-1917\/\" title=\"23|McMahon, Sykes, Balfour: Contradictions and Concealments|Britain Palestine Project|2020\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[23]<\/a><\/sup>.\n<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>\n\u0625\u0646 \u0628\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0631\u0641\u0627 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0645\u064a\u0627 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u062d\u0644\u0641 \u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0646\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642.<br \/>\n<strong>\u2014 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0633\u0627\u064a\u0643\u0633 \u0628\u064a\u0643\u0648\u060c 16 \u0645\u0627\u064a\u0648 1916\u0645<\/strong>\n<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>\n\u0627\u0644\u0648\u062b\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u0648\u0639\u062f \u0628\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0648\u0641\u0645\u0628\u0631 1917\u0645\u060c \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0622\u0631\u062b\u0631 \u062c\u064a\u0645\u0633 \u0628\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0631 \u0648\u0632\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0647\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u0631\u062f \u0631\u0648\u062a\u0634\u064a\u0644\u062f \u064a\u0639\u0644\u0646 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0628\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627 \u0644\u0640&#8221;\u0625\u0642\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0637\u0646 \u0642\u0648\u0645\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0648\u062f\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646&#8221;. \u062c\u0627\u0621 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0639\u062f \u0644\u064a\u064f\u0636\u0627\u0641 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0636\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0645\u0629\u061b \u0641\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0648\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0643\u0645\u0627\u0647\u0648\u0646\u060c \u062b\u0645 \u062e\u064f\u0635\u0650\u0651\u0635\u062a \u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0627\u064a\u0643\u0633 \u0628\u064a\u0643\u0648\u060c \u062b\u0645 \u0648\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0637\u0646 \u064a\u0647\u0648\u062f\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0648\u0639\u062f \u0628\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0631. \u0648\u0647\u0643\u0630\u0627 \u0648\u064f\u0639\u062f\u062a \u0628\u0623\u0631\u0636 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b \u062c\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b \u0648\u062b\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0645\u062a\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/icsresources.org\/the-sykes-picot-agreement\/\" title=\"24|The Sykes-Picot Agreement|Institute for Curriculum Services|2024\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[24]<\/a><\/sup>. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0644\u062e\u0651\u0635 \u0645\u0624\u0631\u062e \u0628\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0631\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u0631\u062e\u0629 \u0628\u0642\u0648\u0644\u0647 \u0625\u0646 &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0645\u0648\u0636 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0642\u0635\u0648\u062f\u0627\u064b&#8221;\u060c \u0648\u0625\u0646 \u062f\u0628\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627 \u0623\u0631\u0627\u062f\u062a \u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0644\u0632\u0645 \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0636 \u0645\u0639 \u0633\u0627\u064a\u0643\u0633 \u0628\u064a\u0643\u0648 \u0623\u0648 \u0648\u0639\u062f \u0628\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0631<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/explaininghistory.org\/2025\/11\/29\/promises-in-the-desert-the-mcmahon-hussein-correspondence-and-the-betrayal-of-the-arab-revolt\/\" title=\"25|Promises in the Desert: The McMahon-Hussein Correspondence|Explaining History Podcast|2025\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[25]<\/a><\/sup>.\n<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"koz-h-6\">\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629: \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0634\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0636\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a<\/h2>\n<p>\n\u0641\u064a \u0646\u0648\u0641\u0645\u0628\u0631 1917\u0645\u060c \u0623\u062b\u0651\u0631 \u062d\u062f\u062b \u0628\u0639\u064a\u062f \u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0627\u064b \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0645\u062f\u0648\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0622\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0633\u0637\u061b \u0625\u0630 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0635\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0634\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0631\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0623\u0633\u0642\u0637\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0635\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u0634\u0641\u0629 \u0628\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0631\u0634\u064a\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0647\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0633\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0641\u0636\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u062f\u0639\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0643\u064a\u0629<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/event\/Sykes-Picot-Agreement\" title=\"26|Sykes-Picot Agreement|Encyclopaedia Britannica|2026\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[26]<\/a><\/sup>. \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062b\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0646\u0635 \u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0633\u0627\u064a\u0643\u0633 \u0628\u064a\u0643\u0648 \u0628\u0643\u0644 \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0644\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0641\u0623\u064f\u0630\u064a\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b \u062b\u0645 \u0646\u0634\u0631\u062a\u0647 \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0628\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629.\n<\/p>\n<p>\n\u0648\u0642\u0639\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0627 \u064a\u062e\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0646 \u062b\u0648\u0631\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u0649 \u064a\u0648\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0639\u062f \u064a\u0648\u0645\u060c \u0638\u0627\u0646\u0651\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u064a\u064f\u0642\u0627\u062a\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u0648\u0637\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644. \u0648\u0635\u0641\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0631\u0629 \u0631\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0645\u0632\u064a\u062c\u0627\u064b 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\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631. \u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0637\u0645\u0623\u0646\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0646 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064e\u0651\u0642 \u062d\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0648\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0633\u062a\u064f\u0631\u0627\u0639\u064e\u0649\u060c \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0642\u0629 \u0623\u062b\u0628\u062a\u062a \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0645\u0623\u0646\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u0643\u0651\u0646 \u0645\u0624\u0642\u062a<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/event\/Sykes-Picot-Agreement\" title=\"27|Sykes-Picot Agreement|Encyclopaedia Britannica|2026\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[27]<\/a><\/sup>.\n<\/p>\n<p>\n\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0623\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0628\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0646\u0629\u061b \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062f\u062e\u0644\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1917\u0645 \u0628\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0648\u0648\u062f\u0631\u0648 \u0648\u064a\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0626\u0647 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\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0644\u0642\u0649 \u0628\u0638\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0641\u0627\u0648\u0636\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1919\u0645.\n<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"koz-h-7\">\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628: \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0628<\/h2>\n<p>\n\u0623\u0633\u0641\u0631 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u0627\u0646\u0647\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0637\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u062a\u0639\u0642\u064a\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u0631\u0633\u0645\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0633\u0627\u064a\u0643\u0633 \u0628\u064a\u0643\u0648 \u0641\u064a \u0635\u064a\u063a\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0644\u064a\u0629. \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062c\u0645 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0642\u062f \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0648\u0636\u064e\u064a\u0646\u061b \u0641\u0631\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0631\u062a \u0648\u062e\u0631\u062c\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0625\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u064f\u0628\u0644\u063a\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u063a\u0633\u0637\u0633 1916\u0645 \u0648\u0623\u062b\u0627\u0631\u062a \u0637\u0645\u0648\u062d\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u064f\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0629\u064b \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0633\u0627\u0646 \u062c\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u0648 \u0645\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0644 1917\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0648\u0639\u062f\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628 \u063a\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0636\u0648\u0644\u060c \u062e\u0631\u062c\u062a \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u062e\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0641\u0627\u0636 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0639\u0648\u062f<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/event\/Sykes-Picot-Agreement\" title=\"28|Sykes-Picot Agreement|Encyclopaedia Britannica|2026\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[28]<\/a><\/sup>.\n<\/p>\n<p>\n\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636\u060c \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a\u0635\u0644 \u0628\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0633 \u0625\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0644\u0648\u0631\u0646\u0633 (\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0646\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628) \u0642\u062f \u062a\u0648\u063a\u0651\u0644\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0623\u0633\u0651\u0633\u062a \u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629\u064b \u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0645\u0634\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0628\u062a\u0645\u0628\u0631 1918\u0645. \u0648\u0638\u0644\u0651\u062a \u0628\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627 \u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u0628\u062f\u0648 \u0645\u0624\u064a\u062f\u0629\u064b \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0645\u0648\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u062c\u0627\u0621\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0624\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0631\u064a\u0645\u0648 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0644 1920\u0645 \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0631\u0633\u0651\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0641\u0642 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0634\u0628\u0647 \u0631\u0648\u062d \u0633\u0627\u064a\u0643\u0633 \u0628\u064a\u0643\u0648: \u0641\u062d\u0635\u0644\u062a \u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0628 \u0639\u0635\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0623\u064f\u062e\u0631\u062c\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062f\u0645\u0634\u0642 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0645\u064a\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u064a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0648 1920\u0645\u060c \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u062d\u0635\u0644\u062a \u0628\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0648\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062f\u0646<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/event\/Sykes-Picot-Agreement\" title=\"29|Sykes-Picot Agreement|Encyclopaedia Britannica|2026\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[29]<\/a><\/sup>.\n<\/p>\n<p>\n\u0623\u0633\u062f\u0644 \u0645\u0624\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0644\u0648\u0632\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1923\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064e \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a\u060c \u0625\u0630 \u0631\u0633\u0645 \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0649 \u0623\u064a \u0622\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0625\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0636\u0648\u0644. \u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0623\u0642\u0631\u0651\u062a\u0647 \u0639\u0635\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645 \u0641\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f \u0635\u064a\u063a\u0629 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u062f\u064a\u0644\u0629\u061b \u0641\u0647\u0648 \u0648\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0639\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0648\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0631\u0633\u0645\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0633\u0627\u064a\u0643\u0633 \u0628\u064a\u0643\u0648\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0648\u0647\u0631\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0645\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u064f\u0642\u0646\u064e\u0651\u0639\u0629\u064b \u0628\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u062d\u0636\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0648\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0639\u0646 &#8220;\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0648\u0628 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0636\u062c\u0629&#8221; \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ijrpr.com\/uploads\/V6ISSUE7\/IJRPR50230.pdf\" title=\"30|The Sykes-Picot Agreement and its Enduring Impact|International Journal of Research and Publication Review|2025\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[30]<\/a><\/sup>.\n<\/p>\n<p>\n\u0644\u0642\u062f \u0623\u0641\u0631\u0632 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u062e\u0627\u0631\u0637\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 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\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0631\u064a\u0645\u0648 \u0648\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0647\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0648\u0632\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0643\u0648\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0644\u064a\u0629. \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0631\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a \u0647\u0646\u0631\u064a \u0644\u0648\u0631\u0646\u0633 \u0623\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0630 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0644\u064a\u062c \u062f\u0648 \u0641\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0633 \u0625\u0646 \u062e\u0637\u0648\u0637 \u0633\u0627\u064a\u0643\u0633 \u0628\u064a\u0643\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0644\u064a\u0629 &#8220;\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0634\u0627\u0628\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0634\u064a\u0621&#8221; \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0648\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0630\u0643\u0631 \u0642\u0637 &#8220;\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u064a\u0647\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u064b&#8221;<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.pressreader.com\/kuwait\/kuwait-times\/20160515\/281526520277420\" title=\"31|Sykes-Picot still vilified 100 years on|Kuwait Times \/ PressReader|2016\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[31]<\/a><\/sup>.\n<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"koz-h-8\">\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0629: \u0636\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062e\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0633\u064a\u0645<\/h2>\n<p>\n\u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0634\u062f \u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0641\u0631\u0632\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0633\u0627\u064a\u0643\u0633 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\u0648\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0647\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062c\u062f \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647 \u0645\u0648\u0632\u0639\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639 \u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0647\u064a \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0648\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u062e\u0637\u0648\u0637 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0633\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0623\u062e\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0643\u0631\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062a\u0629<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/geopol.uk\/historical\/sykes-picot\/\" title=\"32|The Sykes-Picot Agreement: The Map That Made the Modern Middle East|GEOPOL|2026\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[32]<\/a><\/sup>.\n<\/p>\n<p>\n\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0643\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0637\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u0634\u0643\u0651\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0633\u0643\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0634\u0627\u0633\u0639\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0628\u0643\u0631\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0647\u062f\u0629 \u0633\u064a\u0641\u0631 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1920\u0645 \u0642\u062f \u0646\u0635\u0651\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0627\u062f\u062a\u064a\u0647\u0627 62 \u064864 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u062f \u062d\u0643\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0651\u0645\u0629\u064b \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644\u060c \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0647\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0648\u0632\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1923\u0645 \u062c\u0627\u0621\u062a \u0644\u062a\u0644\u063a\u064a \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635\u0648\u0635 \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0648\u062a\u064f\u0631\u0633\u064a \u0647\u064a\u0645\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0646\u060c \u062a\u062d\u0648\u0651\u0644\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u062a\u0648\u062a\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u064a\u064f\u0644\u0642\u064a \u0628\u0638\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0648\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0645 \u064a\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0644\u0644\u0643\u0631\u062f \u0648\u0637\u0646 \u0642\u0648\u0645\u064a \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u064a\u0648\u0645\u0646\u0627 \u0647\u0630\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0625\u0646 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0642\u062f \u0623\u062d\u0631\u0632\u0648\u0627 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1992\u0645 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a \u0623\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0644\u064e \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0631\u062b \u0633\u0627\u064a\u0643\u0633 \u0628\u064a\u0643\u0648<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/event\/Sykes-Picot-Agreement\" title=\"33|Sykes-Picot Agreement|Encyclopaedia Britannica|2026\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[33]<\/a><\/sup>.\n<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"koz-h-9\">\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0631\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645: \u0643\u064a\u0641 \u0634\u0643\u0651\u0644\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0631<\/h2>\n<p>\n\u064a\u0643\u0627\u062f \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0631\u0651 \u0639\u0642\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u064f\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0647\u062f 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\u0622\u0646\u064d \u0645\u0639\u0627\u064b \u0623\u0631\u0633\u062a \u0623\u0633\u0633 \u0635\u0631\u0627\u0639 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0650 \u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1948\u0645 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645. \u0648\u062d\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u062e\u0644\u0651\u062a \u0628\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1947\u0645\u060c \u0623\u062d\u0627\u0644\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0631\u062d\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0633\u064a\u0645 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u064a\u0647\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0639\u0642\u0628 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0646\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0632\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u062d<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/what-was-the-sykes-picot-agreement-and-why-does-it-still-affect-the-middle-east-today-246332\" title=\"34|What was the Sykes-Picot agreement|The Conversation|2025\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[34]<\/a><\/sup>.\n<\/p>\n<p>\n\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0635\u0639\u064a\u062f \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0642\u0627\u0645\u062a \u062f\u0648\u0644\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0626\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0623\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a 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1975 \u06481990\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0632\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u062c\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0632\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u064f\u0639\u0635\u0641 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629.\n<\/p>\n<p>\n\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u060c \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u062a\u0642\u0633\u064a\u0645 \u0633\u0627\u064a\u0643\u0633 \u0628\u064a\u0643\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0636\u0645\u0651 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b \u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0639\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0628\u0627\u064a\u0646\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0635\u0644 \u0648\u0628\u063a\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0631\u0629) \u0630\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628\u0629 \u0637\u0627\u0626\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0625\u062b\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 (\u0633\u0646\u0651\u0629 \u0648\u0634\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0643\u0631\u062f) \u0641\u064a \u0643\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u060c \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062c\u0639\u0644\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u0634\u0651\u0629\u064b \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0647\u064a\u0627\u0631. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0632\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0639\u0627\u0645 2003\u0645 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0646\u0647\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0635\u0639\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a 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\u0633\u0646\u064f\u062d\u0637\u0651\u0645\u0647\u0627&#8221;\u060c \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0647\u064a \u062e\u0637\u0648\u0637 \u0633\u0627\u064a\u0643\u0633 \u0628\u064a\u0643\u0648<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/geopol.uk\/historical\/sykes-picot\/\" title=\"35|The Sykes-Picot Agreement: The Map That Made the Modern Middle East|GEOPOL|2026\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[35]<\/a><\/sup>.\n<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>\n\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u064e\u0651\u0641 \u0628\u0623\u0645\u0645 \u0645\u062a\u0634\u0642\u0651\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0635\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0635\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u062d\u0642\u0627\u062f \u0645\u062a\u062c\u0630\u0651\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u064f\u0648\u0644\u062f \u0645\u0646 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\u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u0636 \u0648\u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062c\u0631\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 1916-1923\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0645\u0624\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0631\u064a\u0645\u0648 \u0648\u0644\u0648\u0632\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629. \u0648\u064a\u0635\u0644 \u0628\u0639\u0636\u0647\u0645 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 &#8220;\u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629&#8221; \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629\u064b \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0625\u0646 \u0625\u0633\u0628\u0627\u063a \u0643\u0644 \u062a\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/what-was-the-sykes-picot-agreement-and-why-does-it-still-affect-the-middle-east-today-246332\" title=\"36|What was the Sykes-Picot agreement|The Conversation|2025\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[36]<\/a><\/sup>.\n<\/p>\n<p>\n\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u060c \u064a\u0631\u0649 \u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 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\u0623\u0646 \u0634\u0639\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0642\u0627\u0635\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0631\u0633\u0645 \u0645\u0635\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u0649 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627. \u0648\u064a\u062e\u0644\u0635 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0646\u0634\u0631\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0648\u062b (IJRPR) \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0644\u0633\u0627\u064a\u0643\u0633 \u0628\u064a\u0643\u0648 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0643\u0645\u0646 \u0641\u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0641\u0631\u0636\u062a\u0647\u0627&#8221;<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ijrpr.com\/uploads\/V6ISSUE7\/IJRPR50230.pdf\" title=\"37|The Sykes-Picot Agreement and its Enduring Impact|International Journal of Research and Publication Review|2025\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[37]<\/a><\/sup>.\n<\/p>\n<p>\n\u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0632\u0627\u0628\u064a\u062b \u0645\u0648\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0630\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0645\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f\u062c \u0648\u0623\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0630\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629\u060c \u0641\u062a\u062d\u0630\u0651\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0641\u0631\u0627\u0637 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0642\u0627\u0626\u0644\u0629\u064b: &#8220;\u0631\u0628\u0637 \u0646\u0632\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0633\u0627\u064a\u0643\u0633 \u0628\u064a\u0643\u0648 \u064a\u064f\u0628\u0633\u0651\u0637 \u062a\u0639\u0642\u064a\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0623\u0648\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0631\u0629&#8221;<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thebeiruter.com\/article\/how-a-secret-agreement-destabilised-the-middle-east\/143\" title=\"38|How a secret agreement destabilised the Middle East|The Beiruter|2025\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[38]<\/a><\/sup>. \u0648\u062a\u0631\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0632\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0642\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0647\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0646\u0628\u063a\u064a \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062e\u0637\u0648\u0637 \u0631\u064f\u0633\u0645\u062a \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0631\u0646. \u0628\u064a\u062f \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0642\u0631\u0651 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0630\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0631\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0645\u0632\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0628\u0648\u0635\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u062c\u0633\u064a\u062f\u0627\u064b \u062d\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0646\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0629.\n<\/p>\n<p>\n\u0648\u0641\u064a \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646\u0629 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0646 \u0633\u0627\u064a\u0643\u0633 \u0628\u064a\u0643\u0648 \u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u064a\u062f&#8221; \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0623\u0632\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0633\u0637\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0627 &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0635\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0628\u064f\u0646\u064a \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647&#8221; \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627\u061b \u0641\u0647\u064a \u0623\u0631\u0633\u062a \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0637\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0632\u0631\u0639\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0636\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0641\u0631\u0636\u062a \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0642\u0637\u0639\u062a \u0623\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0642\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0648\u0639\u0634\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0648\u0623\u0633\u0631 \u0648\u0637\u0631\u0642 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0645\u062a\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0642\u0631\u0648\u0646. \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0625\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0648\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u064f\u0641\u0633\u064e\u0651\u0631 \u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631\u0627\u064b \u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0627\u064b \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0633\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u0623\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0635\u0627\u0635 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0627\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0646\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1916\u0645<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.faf.ae\/home\/2025\/5\/16\/how-did-the-sykespicot-agreement-impact-the-modern-middle-east\" title=\"39|How did the Sykes-Picot Agreement impact the modern Middle East|Foreign Affairs Forum|2025\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[39]<\/a><\/sup>.\n<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"koz-h-11\">\u0633\u0627\u064a\u0643\u0633 \u0628\u064a\u0643\u0648 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0629<\/h2>\n<p>\n\u0627\u0645\u062a\u062f\u0651\u062a \u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0633\u0627\u064a\u0643\u0633 \u0628\u064a\u0643\u0648 \u0645\u0646 \u0643\u0648\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u062b\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0631\u0645\u0632\u0627\u064b \u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0648\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0627\u064b \u062d\u0627\u0636\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062c\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a \u0628\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0629. \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0648\u062c\u062f\u062a \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u063a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0642\u0635\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u062c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0642\u0635\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628\u060c \u0648\u063a\u062f\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062f\u0641\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0628\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062e\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0627\u0645\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0639\u0627\u0645.\n<\/p>\n<p>\n\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628\u060c \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062d\u0636\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u062f\u0639\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628 \u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 &#8220;\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0629 \u0633\u0627\u064a\u0643\u0633 \u0628\u064a\u0643\u0648&#8221; \u0648&#8221;\u0623\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0635\u0627\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0642\u0633\u0651\u0645\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646&#8221; \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0631\u0648\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0642\u0635\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u0635\u0649. \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u060c \u0646\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0645\u0631\u0651 \u0623\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u062d\u0636\u0631 \u0623\u0635\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0628\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0630\u0643\u0631\u0649 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0646\u0627\u0629. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0643\u0631\u0651\u0633\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0631\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0645 2016\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0636\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0645\u0632\u064a\u060c \u0625\u0630 \u0623\u064f\u0642\u064a\u0645\u062a \u0645\u0624\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0623\u064f\u0639\u062f\u0651\u062a \u062a\u0642\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0644\u062a \u0623\u062b\u0631 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0626\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/interactive.aljazeera.com\/aje\/2016\/sykes-picot-100-years-middle-east-map\/index.html\" title=\"40|A century on: Why Arabs resent Sykes-Picot|Al Jazeera|2016\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[40]<\/a><\/sup>.\n<\/p>\n<p>\n\u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 \u0625\u062b\u0627\u0631\u0629\u064b \u0644\u0631\u0645\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0633\u0627\u064a\u0643\u0633 \u0628\u064a\u0643\u0648 \u0645\u0627 \u0641\u0639\u0644\u0647 \u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u062f\u0627\u0639\u0634 \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0645\u0646 &#8220;\u062a\u062d\u0637\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629&#8221; \u0634\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0639\u0627\u064a\u062a\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u0647 \u0647\u0648 &#8220;\u062a\u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a&#8221; \u0644\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u062d\u062f\u062b\u062a\u0647 \u0633\u0627\u064a\u0643\u0633 \u0628\u064a\u0643\u0648. 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\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0645\u0644 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u064f\u0645\u062d\u064e \u0628\u0639\u062f<\/h2>\n<p>\n\u0645\u0636\u0649 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062d\u0638\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0631\u0633\u0645 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0627\u0631\u0643 \u0633\u0627\u064a\u0643\u0633 \u0648\u0641\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0648\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0643\u0648 \u062e\u0637\u0648\u0637\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u062f\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0645\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0643\u0627\u062a\u0628 \u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0627 \u0632\u0627\u0644\u062a \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0637 \u062a\u064f\u0644\u0642\u064a \u0628\u0638\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627 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\u062a\u0628\u0642\u0649 \u0641\u064a \u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0645\u0644\u0643 \u0625\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0642\u0627\u0637\u0639\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0634\u0647\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062a\u0631\u0643\u0647 \u0642\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u064a\u062f\u064e\u064a \u062f\u0628\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0633\u064a\u064e\u0651\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631 \u0648\u0623\u062c\u064a\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.juancole.com\/2025\/02\/agreement-affect-middle.html\" title=\"41|What was the Sykes-Picot Agreement|Juan Cole - Informed Comment|2025\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[41]<\/a><\/sup>.\n<\/p>\n<\/section>\n<p><!-- =================== END MAIN ARTICLE =================== --><\/p>\n<\/article>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u062a\u0642\u0633\u064a\u0645 \u0633\u0631\u064a \u063a\u064a\u0651\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0633\u0637<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":2674,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[194,156,175,174,165,166,190,187,193,208,213],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2671","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-sykes-picot","category-al-tarikh","category-al-hurub-al-alamiya","category-al-hurub-wal-maarik","category-al-duwal-wal-imbaraturiyat","category-al-dawla-al-uthmaniya","category-al-asr-al-hadith","category-al-usur-al-tarikhiya","category-al-muahadat-wal-itifaqiyat","category-tarikh-al-qarat","category-tarikh-al-watan-al-arabi"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/cosmalore.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2671","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/cosmalore.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/cosmalore.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cosmalore.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cosmalore.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2671"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/cosmalore.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2671\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2673,"href":"https:\/\/cosmalore.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2671\/revisions\/2673"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cosmalore.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/2674"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/cosmalore.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2671"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cosmalore.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2671"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cosmalore.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2671"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}