{"id":2443,"date":"2026-08-16T04:12:19","date_gmt":"2026-08-16T04:12:19","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/cosmalore.com\/ar\/?p=2443"},"modified":"2026-08-23T00:00:52","modified_gmt":"2026-08-23T00:00:52","slug":"the-scientific-revolution","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/cosmalore.com\/ar\/2026\/08\/16\/the-scientific-revolution\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"infobox\">\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr class=\"ib-sec\">\n<td colspan=\"2\">\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"ib-row\">\n<td class=\"ib-label\">\u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<td class=\"ib-val\">\u0646\u062d\u0648 1543 \u2013 1687<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/allisonznliu.com\/scientific-revolution-paper\" title=\"1|Copernicus to Newton \u2013 A Scientific Revolution during the years 1543-1727|Cantor&amp;apos;s Paradise|2023\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[1]<\/a><\/sup><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"ib-row\">\n<td class=\"ib-label\">\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0642<\/td>\n<td class=\"ib-val\">\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0627 (\u0628\u0648\u0644\u0646\u062f\u0627\u060c \u0625\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0625\u0646\u062c\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0635\u0641\u0629 \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"ib-row\">\n<td class=\"ib-label\">\u0623\u0628\u0631\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0627\u062a<\/td>\n<td class=\"ib-val\">\u0646\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0648\u0633 \u0643\u0648\u0628\u0631\u0646\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0633\u060c \u063a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0648 \u063a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0644\u064a\u060c \u064a\u0648\u0647\u0627\u0646\u0633 \u0643\u064a\u0628\u0644\u0631\u060c \u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0633 \u0628\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0625\u0633\u062d\u0627\u0642 \u0646\u064a\u0648\u062a\u0646<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"ib-row\">\n<td class=\"ib-label\">\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a<\/td>\n<td class=\"ib-val\">\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0633\u0637\u064a-\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0637\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0628\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0645\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u064a \u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636\u064a \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/science\/Scientific-Revolution\" title=\"2|Scientific Revolution|Encyclopaedia Britannica|2026\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[2]<\/a><\/sup><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"ib-sec\">\n<td colspan=\"2\">\u0645\u062d\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0632\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0628\u0631\u0649<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"ib-row\">\n<td class=\"ib-label\">\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 &#8220;\u0639\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629&#8221; \u0644\u0643\u0648\u0628\u0631\u0646\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0633<\/td>\n<td class=\"ib-val\">1543<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Nicolaus-Copernicus\" title=\"3|Nicolaus Copernicus|Encyclopaedia Britannica|2026\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[3]<\/a><\/sup><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"ib-row\">\n<td class=\"ib-label\">\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u063a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0648 \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u062a\u064a\u0634<\/td>\n<td class=\"ib-val\">1633<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/famous-trials.com\/galileotrial\/1014-home\" title=\"4|The Trial of Galileo: An Account|Famous Trials, University of Missouri-Kansas City School of Law|2026\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[4]<\/a><\/sup><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"ib-row\">\n<td class=\"ib-label\">\u062a\u0623\u0633\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0644\u0646\u062f\u0646<\/td>\n<td class=\"ib-val\">1660<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.khanacademy.org\/humanities\/renaissance-reformation\/baroque-art1\/beginners-guide-baroque1\/a\/francis-bacon-and-the-scientific-revolution\" title=\"5|Francis Bacon and the scientific revolution|Khan Academy|2026\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[5]<\/a><\/sup><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"ib-row\">\n<td class=\"ib-label\">\u0646\u0634\u0631 &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0626 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629&#8221; \u0644\u0646\u064a\u0648\u062a\u0646<\/td>\n<td class=\"ib-val\">1687<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/science\/history-of-science\/Newton\" title=\"6|History of science \u2013 Newton, Physics, Mathematics|Encyclopaedia Britannica|2000\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[6]<\/a><\/sup><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<div class=\"ib-foot\">COSMALORE \u00b7 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0633\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>\u062a\u0634\u064a\u0631 <a href=\"https:\/\/cosmalore.com\/ar\/2026\/08\/16\/the-scientific-revolution-2\/\" class=\"cl-auto-link\" title=\"\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629\">\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629<\/a> \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0634\u0647\u062f\u062a\u0647 \u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u062a\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062f\u0633 \u0639\u0634\u0631 \u0648\u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0639\u0634\u0631\u060c \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u062d\u0644\u0651 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0643\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0645\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u064a \u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0635\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0629-\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0637\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0647\u064a\u0645\u0646\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0623\u0644\u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.historic-uk.com\/HistoryUK\/HistoryofBritain\/The-Scientific-Revolution\/\" title=\"7|The Scientific Revolution|Historic UK|2023\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[7]<\/a><\/sup>. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0628\u062f\u0623\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0643 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0643\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0644\u0646\u062f\u064a \u0646\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0648\u0633 \u0643\u0648\u0628\u0631\u0646\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0633\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u062d \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0633 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u062f\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0628\u0624\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u0636\u0627\u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0637\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/science\/Scientific-Revolution\" title=\"2|Scientific Revolution|Encyclopaedia Britannica|2026\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[2]<\/a><\/sup>. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0623\u062f\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0643\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0635\u064a\u0627\u063a\u0629 \u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0641\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u062d\u060c \u0645\u0631\u0633\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0646\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645.<\/p>\n<p>\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b: \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0628\u0631\u0646\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0646\u0647\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0633\u0637\u064a<\/p>\n<p>\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0643\u0648\u0628\u0631\u0646\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0633 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u062a\u0647\u060c \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0642\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0633 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0645\u0631 \u064a\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0623\u0631\u0636 \u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0646 \u0643\u0648\u0627\u0643\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u064a \u0648\u0632\u062d\u0644 \u062a\u0642\u0639 \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u0648\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0633 \u0628\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062a\u064a\u0628\u060c \u0648\u0641\u0642 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0643\u064a \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0628\u0637\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0648\u0633<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Nicolaus-Copernicus\" title=\"3|Nicolaus Copernicus|Encyclopaedia Britannica|2026\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[3]<\/a><\/sup>. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0648\u0635\u0644 \u0643\u0648\u0628\u0631\u0646\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0633 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u0643\u0631\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062c\u062d \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u064a 1508 \u06481514\u060c \u0645\u062f\u0641\u0648\u0639\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u063a\u0628\u062a\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0645\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0623\u0641\u0644\u0627\u0637\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0627 \u062f\u0641\u0639\u0647 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0637\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631\u0647 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0627\u0643\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0637\u0644\u0645\u064a<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/science\/Scientific-Revolution\" title=\"2|Scientific Revolution|Encyclopaedia Britannica|2026\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[2]<\/a><\/sup>. \u0648\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0643\u0648\u0628\u0631\u0646\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0633 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u062a\u0647 \u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0647 &#8220;\u0639\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629&#8221; \u0639\u0627\u0645 1543\u060c \u0645\u0624\u0643\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636 \u062a\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u064a\u0648\u0645\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0633\u0646\u0648\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0633<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Nicolaus-Copernicus\" title=\"3|Nicolaus Copernicus|Encyclopaedia Britannica|2026\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[3]<\/a><\/sup>. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u062c\u062f\u0644 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u060c \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0625\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u064f\u0631\u062d\u062a \u0628\u0627\u062f\u0626 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629\u064b \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/allisonznliu.com\/scientific-revolution-paper\" title=\"1|Copernicus to Newton \u2013 A Scientific Revolution during the years 1543-1727|Cantor&amp;apos;s Paradise|2023\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[1]<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p>\n<p>\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627\u064b: \u062a\u064a\u062e\u0648 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0647\u064a \u0648\u064a\u0648\u0647\u0627\u0646\u0633 \u0643\u064a\u0628\u0644\u0631<\/p>\n<p>\u0623\u062b\u0627\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0628\u0631\u0646\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0643\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0643\u064a \u062a\u064a\u062e\u0648 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0647\u064a \u062d\u0633\u0645\u0647 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062c\u0648\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0643\u0628 \u0628\u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0633\u0628\u0642\u0647 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u062d\u062f\u060c \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0635\u062f \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0647 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0643\u0646 \u0643\u0627\u0641\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0643\u0648\u0628\u0631\u0646\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0633 \u0648\u0628\u0637\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0648\u0633\u060c \u0641\u0623\u0635\u0631\u0651 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0647\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636 \u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0625\u0646 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0642\u062f \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0646\u0639 \u0628\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0643\u0628 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0633\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0636\u0637\u0631\u0647 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0644\u064a \u0639\u0646 \u0641\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0644\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0633\u062a\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0645 \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0648 \u0635\u062d\u0651 \u0630\u0644\u0643<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/science\/history-of-science\/Tycho-Kepler-and-Galileo\" title=\"8|History of science \u2013 Tycho, Kepler, and Galileo|Encyclopaedia Britannica|2026\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[8]<\/a><\/sup>. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0632\u0639\u0632\u0639 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0647\u064a \u0639\u0642\u064a\u062f\u0629 &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0648\u064a&#8221; \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0625\u0630 \u0623\u062b\u0628\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0628\u0639\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062f\u0633 \u0639\u0634\u0631\u060c \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0638\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u0630\u0646\u0651\u0628 \u0648\u0646\u062c\u0645 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u060c \u0623\u0646 \u0643\u0644\u0627\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u0639 \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u0648\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0645\u0631<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/science\/history-of-science\/Tycho-Kepler-and-Galileo\" title=\"8|History of science \u2013 Tycho, Kepler, and Galileo|Encyclopaedia Britannica|2026\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[8]<\/a><\/sup>. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f \u062a\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a \u064a\u0648\u0647\u0627\u0646\u0633 \u0643\u064a\u0628\u0644\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0644\u064a\u0637\u0648\u0651\u0631 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0633\u060c \u062a\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0643\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0647\u0644\u064a\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u062f\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0644 \u062c\u0648\u0647\u0631\u064a \u062d\u0633\u0645 \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0636\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0628\u0631\u0646\u064a\u0643\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0644\u064a<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/allisonznliu.com\/scientific-revolution-paper\" title=\"1|Copernicus to Newton \u2013 A Scientific Revolution during the years 1543-1727|Cantor&amp;apos;s Paradise|2023\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[1]<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p>\n<p>\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u064b: \u063a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0648 \u063a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u062a\u064a\u0634<\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u062c\u0651\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0643\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0644\u064a \u063a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0648 \u063a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0647 \u062a\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0648\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0637\u0648\u0631\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0636\u0631\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0639\u0629 \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0633\u0637\u064a\u061b \u0625\u0630 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0646 \u062a\u0628\u0627\u0639\u064b\u0627 \u0627\u0643\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0641\u0647 \u062c\u0628\u0627\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0637\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0645\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0642\u0645\u0627\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u062a\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0643\u0648\u0643\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0642\u0639\u064b\u0627 \u062f\u0627\u0643\u0646\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0637\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0633<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/science\/history-of-science\/Tycho-Kepler-and-Galileo\" title=\"8|History of science \u2013 Tycho, Kepler, and Galileo|Encyclopaedia Britannica|2026\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[8]<\/a><\/sup>. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0646\u0634\u0631 \u063a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0648 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0639\u0627\u0645 1610 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0647 &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062c\u0645\u064a&#8221;\u060c \u0645\u0624\u064a\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0648\u0628\u0631\u0646\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0633<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/open.byu.edu\/new\/an_overview_of_the_trial_of_galileo\" title=\"9|An Overview of the Trial of Galileo|Brigham Young University|2026\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[9]<\/a><\/sup>. \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0628\u0646\u0651\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0632\u0627\u064a\u062f \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u062c\u0631\u0651 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0645\u062a\u0627\u0639\u0628 \u062c\u0633\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0646\u064a\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u062b\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0625\u0630 \u0623\u062d\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0644\u0641\u0647 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u062a\u064a\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1615\u060c \u0648\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0628\u062d\u0642\u0647 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1616 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u064a\u0645\u0646\u0639\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0628\u0646\u0651\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0639\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0646\u064b\u0627<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/open.byu.edu\/new\/an_overview_of_the_trial_of_galileo\" title=\"9|An Overview of the Trial of Galileo|Brigham Young University|2026\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[9]<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u063a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0648 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0634\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0647 &#8220;\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0631 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645&#8221;\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0627 \u062f\u0641\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0628\u0627 \u0623\u0648\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0645\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0644 \u0644\u062c\u0646\u0629 \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0623\u0648\u0635\u062a \u0628\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0643\u0645\u062a\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0650\u0628\u0644 \u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u062a\u064a\u0634\u060c \u0641\u0627\u0633\u062a\u064f\u062f\u0639\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0631\u0648\u0645\u0627 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1633<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Galileo-Galilei\/Galileos-Copernicanism\" title=\"10|Galileo \u2013 Astronomy, Physics, Mathematics|Encyclopaedia Britannica|2026\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[10]<\/a><\/sup>. \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u064a\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0648 \u0645\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0623\u064f\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u063a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0648 \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0647 &#8220;\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0628\u0647 \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0634\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0647\u064b\u0627 \u0634\u062f\u064a\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0631\u0637\u0642\u0629&#8221;\u060c \u0648\u0623\u064f\u062c\u0628\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0631\u0624 \u0639\u0644\u0646\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0633\u060c \u0648\u062d\u064f\u0643\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0628\u0642\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u0627\u062a\u0647<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/1633_in_science\" title=\"11|1633 in science|Wikipedia contributors|2026\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[11]<\/a><\/sup>. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0639\u0628\u0651\u0631 \u063a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0648 \u0639\u0646 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0646\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0643\u0645\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0633\u0641 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0643\u0631\u0651\u0633\u0647 \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/famous-trials.com\/galileotrial\/1014-home\" title=\"4|The Trial of Galileo: An Account|Famous Trials, University of Missouri-Kansas City School of Law|2026\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[4]<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>\n\u0623\u0644\u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0643\u0631\u0651\u0633\u062a\u0647 \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a.<br \/>\n<strong>\u2014 \u063a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0648 \u063a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629\u060c 1632<\/strong>\n<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0627\u064b: \u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0633 \u0628\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0631\u064a\u0646\u064a \u062f\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0631\u062a \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a<\/p>\n<p>\u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0631 <a href=\"https:\/\/cosmalore.com\/ar\/2026\/08\/16\/the-scientific-revolution-2\/\" class=\"cl-auto-link\" title=\"\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629\">\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629<\/a> \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0643\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0641\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0641\u0631\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0631\u0627\u0641\u0642\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0635\u064a\u0627\u063a\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629\u061b \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0646\u0627\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a \u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0633 \u0628\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0644\u0648\u063a \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u062d\u0635\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0638\u0648\u0627\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0639\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0628\u0627\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0639 \u0646\u0647\u062c \u0645\u062a\u0634\u0643\u0643 \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645 \u064a\u062a\u062c\u0646\u0628 \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u062e\u062f\u0627\u0639 \u0623\u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u0645<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.pepysdiary.com\/encyclopedia\/6529\/\" title=\"12|Francis Bacon|The Diary of Samuel Pepys Encyclopedia|2026\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[12]<\/a><\/sup>. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0641\u0635\u0651\u0644 \u0628\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0624\u0644\u0641\u0647 &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629&#8221; \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1620\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c\u064b\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0639 \u0648\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u062f\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0636\u0648\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u063a\u064a\u0627\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u062a\u060c \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0645\u0628\u0643\u0631 \u0644\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0644\u0627\u062d\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0627\u062a<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Francis-Bacon-Viscount-Saint-Alban\" title=\"13|Francis Bacon|Encyclopaedia Britannica|2026\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[13]<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u0641\u064a \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0627\u0629 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0637\u0631\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a \u0631\u064a\u0646\u064a \u062f\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0631\u062a \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u063a\u0627\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c\u064a \u0627\u0646\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0626 \u0628\u062f\u064a\u0647\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1637 \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0634\u0647\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0645\u0644\u062a \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 &#8220;\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c&#8221;\u060c \u0623\u0643\u0633\u0628\u062a\u0647 \u0634\u0647\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062c\u0639\u0644\u062a\u0647 \u064a\u064f\u0639\u062f\u0651 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0628\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u060c \u0641\u0636\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u0643\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/arxiv.org\/pdf\/2301.07297\" title=\"14|On the ontological ambiguity of Physics facing Reality|arXiv preprint|2023\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[14]<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p>\n<p>\u062e\u0627\u0645\u0633\u0627\u064b: \u062a\u0623\u0633\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629<\/p>\n<p>\u0623\u0641\u0636\u0649 \u062a\u0635\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0647\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0634\u0648\u0621 \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0643\u0631\u0651\u0633\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u061b \u0641\u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 1660\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0639\u062f \u062a\u0623\u062e\u0631 \u0633\u0628\u0628\u062a\u0647 <a href=\"https:\/\/cosmalore.com\/ar\/2026\/08\/02\/english-civil-war\/\" class=\"cl-auto-link\" title=\"\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0629\">\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0629<\/a> \u0648\u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643 \u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0644\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u060c \u062a\u0623\u0633\u0633\u062a &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629&#8221; \u0641\u064a \u0644\u0646\u062f\u0646\u060c \u0644\u062a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0628\u0643\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0648\u0641\u0642 \u0631\u0624\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u064a\u062c\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0628 \u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u064a\u0633\u062c\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u064a\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0633\u0645\u0648\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0639 \u0628\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/nerd.wwnorton.com\/ebooks\/epub\/westciv6br\/EPUB\/content\/16.6-chapter16.xhtml\" title=\"15|Methods for a New Philosophy: Bacon and Descartes|W. W. Norton &amp; Company|2026\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[15]<\/a><\/sup>. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0623\u0635\u062f\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0629&#8221;\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u064f\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0645\u0648\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0648\u0635\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.khanacademy.org\/humanities\/renaissance-reformation\/baroque-art1\/beginners-guide-baroque1\/a\/francis-bacon-and-the-scientific-revolution\" title=\"5|Francis Bacon and the scientific revolution|Khan Academy|2026\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[5]<\/a><\/sup>. \u0648\u0636\u0645\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u0627\u0631\u0632\u064a\u0646 \u0622\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0648\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0645 \u0647\u0627\u0631\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0623\u0648\u0636\u062d \u0622\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0644\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0631\u0648\u0628\u0631\u062a \u0628\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0623\u0631\u0633\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u0645\u0647 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0643\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0632 \u0648\u062d\u062c\u0645\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0631\u0639 \u0631\u0648\u0628\u0631\u062a \u0647\u0648\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0637\u0648\u0651\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0647\u0631 \u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0628\u0627\u062a\u0627\u062a<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/nerd.wwnorton.com\/ebooks\/epub\/westciv6br\/EPUB\/content\/16.6-chapter16.xhtml\" title=\"15|Methods for a New Philosophy: Bacon and Descartes|W. W. Norton &amp; Company|2026\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[15]<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p>\n<p>\u0633\u0627\u062f\u0633\u0627\u064b: \u0625\u0633\u062d\u0627\u0642 \u0646\u064a\u0648\u062a\u0646 \u0648\u062a\u062a\u0648\u064a\u062c <a href=\"https:\/\/cosmalore.com\/ar\/2026\/08\/16\/the-scientific-revolution-2\/\" class=\"cl-auto-link\" title=\"\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629\">\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629<\/a><\/p>\n<p>\u0645\u062b\u0651\u0644 \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a \u0625\u0633\u062d\u0627\u0642 \u0646\u064a\u0648\u062a\u0646 \u0630\u0631\u0648\u0629 <a href=\"https:\/\/cosmalore.com\/ar\/2026\/08\/16\/the-scientific-revolution-2\/\" class=\"cl-auto-link\" title=\"\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629\">\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629<\/a> \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0639\u0634\u0631\u061b \u0641\u0642\u062f \u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0646\u064a\u0648\u062a\u0646\u060c \u0628\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0639\u0628\u0642\u0631\u064a\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0625\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0635\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0628\u0631\u0646\u064a\u0643\u064a \u0648\u0635\u064a\u0627\u063a\u0629 \u0645\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u0627 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0643\u0644\u064a\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0644\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c \u0628\u0633\u064a\u0637 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0638\u0648\u0627\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0642\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629\u060c \u062b\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0649 \u0644\u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0633\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0648\u0627\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/science\/history-of-science\/Newton\" title=\"6|History of science \u2013 Newton, Physics, Mathematics|Encyclopaedia Britannica|2000\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[6]<\/a><\/sup>. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0646\u064a\u0648\u062a\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1687 \u0645\u0624\u0644\u0641\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0647\u0631 &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0626 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629&#8221;\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062d\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0637\u0631\u062d\u062a\u0647\u0627 <a href=\"https:\/\/cosmalore.com\/ar\/2026\/08\/16\/the-scientific-revolution-2\/\" class=\"cl-auto-link\" title=\"\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629\">\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629<\/a> \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u0627 \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0648\u0641\u0651\u0631 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0643\u064a\u0628\u0644\u0631\u060c \u0648\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0641\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0645\u0638\u0644\u0629 \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0631\u0633\u0651\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0647\u064a\u0645\u0646\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0643 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u0639\u062f\u0647<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/science\/Scientific-Revolution\/Physics\" title=\"16|Scientific Revolution \u2013 Physics, Copernicus, Galileo|Encyclopaedia Britannica|2026\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[16]<\/a><\/sup>. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0638\u0644 \u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0626&#8221; \u064a\u064f\u0639\u062f\u0651 \u0631\u0645\u0632\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0638\u0629 \u0627\u0643\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0628\u062f\u0623\u0647\u0627 \u0643\u0648\u0628\u0631\u0646\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0633 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0628\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0648\u0646\u0635\u0641 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0646<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/science\/history-of-science\/Newton\" title=\"6|History of science \u2013 Newton, Physics, Mathematics|Encyclopaedia Britannica|2000\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[6]<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p>\n<p>\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0627\u064b: \u0623\u062b\u0631 <a href=\"https:\/\/cosmalore.com\/ar\/2026\/08\/16\/the-scientific-revolution-2\/\" class=\"cl-auto-link\" title=\"\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629\">\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629<\/a> \u0648\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627<\/p>\n<p>\u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0631 \u062a\u062f\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0627\u062a <a href=\"https:\/\/cosmalore.com\/ar\/2026\/08\/16\/the-scientific-revolution-2\/\" class=\"cl-auto-link\" title=\"\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629\">\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629<\/a> \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0647\u061b \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0623\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u062c\u0626 \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0639\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0627\u062a \u062f\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0631\u0627\u0633\u062e\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0626 \u0623\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u0631\u0636 \u0636\u063a\u0637\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0639\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0637\u0631\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0648\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/science\/Scientific-Revolution\" title=\"2|Scientific Revolution|Encyclopaedia Britannica|2026\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[2]<\/a><\/sup>. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0645\u0647\u0651\u062f\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0647 <a href=\"https:\/\/cosmalore.com\/ar\/2026\/08\/16\/the-scientific-revolution-2\/\" class=\"cl-auto-link\" title=\"\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629\">\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629<\/a> \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0632\u062f\u0647\u0631\u062a \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0639\u0634\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0634\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0644\u0647\u0645\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0641\u0644\u0643 \u0643\u0648\u0628\u0631\u0646\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0633 \u0648\u063a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0648\u060c \u0648\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0629 \u062f\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0631\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0641\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0646\u064a\u0648\u062a\u0646 \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0643\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a\u0647\u060c \u0631\u0624\u064a\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0645\u062c\u0651\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0628\u0648\u0635\u0641\u0647 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0646<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/science\/Scientific-Revolution\" title=\"2|Scientific Revolution|Encyclopaedia Britannica|2026\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[2]<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u062a\u0638\u0644 <a href=\"https:\/\/cosmalore.com\/ar\/2026\/08\/16\/the-scientific-revolution-2\/\" class=\"cl-auto-link\" title=\"\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629\">\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629<\/a> \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0625\u062d\u062f\u0649 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0637\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u061b \u0641\u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u0631\u0633\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0643\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0635\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0633\u0627\u062f\u062a \u0642\u0628\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0623\u0644\u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0641\u0635\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0623\u0633\u0633 \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0644\u0627\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0648\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0645\u0646 \u0643\u0648\u0628\u0631\u0646\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0633 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u064a\u0648\u062a\u0646<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":2448,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[2],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2443","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-history"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/cosmalore.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2443","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/cosmalore.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/cosmalore.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cosmalore.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cosmalore.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2443"}],"version-history":[{"count":14,"href":"https:\/\/cosmalore.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2443\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4022,"href":"https:\/\/cosmalore.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2443\/revisions\/4022"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cosmalore.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/2448"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/cosmalore.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2443"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cosmalore.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2443"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cosmalore.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2443"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}