{"id":1470,"date":"2026-05-08T21:58:05","date_gmt":"2026-05-08T18:28:05","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/cosmalore.com\/ar\/2026\/05\/08\/%d9%86%d9%87%d8%b1-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b3%d9%86%d8%af\/"},"modified":"2026-05-08T21:58:05","modified_gmt":"2026-05-08T18:28:05","slug":"%d9%86%d9%87%d8%b1-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b3%d9%86%d8%af","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/cosmalore.com\/ar\/wiki\/%d9%86%d9%87%d8%b1-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b3%d9%86%d8%af\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0646\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u062f"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"geo-wrap\"><link rel=\"preload\" as=\"image\" href=\"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/7\/7f\/Nanga_Parbat_Indus_Gorge.jpg\" fetchpriority=\"high\">\n<p class=\"geo-subtitle\">\u0646\u0647\u0631 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628 \u0622\u0633\u064a\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0639\u062f\u0629 \u062f\u0648\u0644.<\/p>\n<figure class=\"geo-img-main\"><img src=\"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/7\/7f\/Nanga_Parbat_Indus_Gorge.jpg\" alt=\"\u0646\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u062f\" width=\"1200\" height=\"800\" loading=\"eager\" fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"sync\" onerror=\"this.closest('figure').style.display='none'\"><figcaption>\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0646\u0647\u0631 \u0646\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u062f<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<div class=\"geo-intro\">\n<p>\u064a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0646\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u062f \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0623\u0637\u0648\u0644 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0631 \u0622\u0633\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0646\u0628\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0636\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u0629 \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0625\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u062a \u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645 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\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a \u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u062d\u0648\u0636\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0633\u0639\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0647 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0643\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0630\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628 \u0622\u0633\u064a\u0627\u060c \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0643\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647. \u064a\u0628\u0644\u063a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0646\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u062f \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a 3,180 \u0643\u064a\u0644\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631\u064b\u0627<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/place\/Indus-River\" title=\"1|Britannica|2024\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[1]<\/a><\/sup>\u060c \u0648\u064a\u063a\u0637\u064a \u062d\u0648\u0636 \u062a\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0641\u0647 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u0631 \u0628\u0646\u062d\u0648 1,165,000 \u0643\u064a\u0644\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631 \u0645\u0631\u0628\u0639<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/place\/Indus-River\" title=\"2|Britannica|2024\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[2]<\/a><\/sup>\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645. \u064a\u0628\u0644\u063a \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0648\u064a \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a 6,600 \u0645\u062a\u0631 \u0645\u0643\u0639\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.worldbank.org\/en\/topic\/water\/overview\" title=\"3|World Bank|2023\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[3]<\/a><\/sup>\u060c \u0648\u064a\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u062d\u0648\u0636\u0647 \u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0639\u0646 300 \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0646\u0633\u0645\u0629<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.un.org\/sustainabledevelopment\/water-and-sanitation\/\" title=\"4|United Nations|2023\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[4]<\/a><\/sup>\u060c \u0645\u0639\u0638\u0645\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0643\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646. \u064a\u0635\u0646\u0641 \u0646\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u062f \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629\u064b \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0637\u0648\u0644 12 \u0623\u0648 13 \u0646\u0647\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u0644<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/place\/Indus-River\" title=\"5|Britannica|2024\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[5]<\/a><\/sup>\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0632\u0629. \u0644\u0639\u0628 \u0646\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u062f \u062f\u0648\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a 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target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[6]<\/a><\/sup>. \u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0629\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a \u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a \u0631\u0628\u0637 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629. \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u062a \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u062a\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0642\u0629\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a 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href=\"https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/pakistan\/\" title=\"7|CIA World Factbook|2025\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[7]<\/a><\/sup>. \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0647\u0646\u060c \u064a\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647 \u0646\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u062f \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u062e\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0630\u0648\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0642\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0632\u0627\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0648\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0639\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0648\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u0649. \u062a\u062a\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0648\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u062f\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0637\u0626\u0629 \u0644\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0630\u0627\u0626\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u0645\u0639 \u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u062e\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062d\u0641\u0638 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0623\u062c\u064a\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0645\u0629<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.worldbank.org\/en\/country\/pakistan\/overview\" title=\"8|World Bank|2023\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[8]<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"geo-table-wrap\">\n<div class=\"geo-table-title\">\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629<\/div>\n<table class=\"geo-info-table\">\n<tbody>\n<tr class=\"geo-tg\">\n<td colspan=\"2\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f\/\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644<\/th>\n<td class=\"geo-val\">\u0628\u0627\u0643\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/example.com\/indus_river_info\" title=\"1|\u0645\u0648\u0633\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629|2023\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[1]<\/a><\/sup><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0629<\/th>\n<td class=\"geo-val\">\u0622\u0633\u064a\u0627<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/example.com\/indus_river_info\" title=\"2|\u0645\u0648\u0633\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629|2023\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[2]<\/a><\/sup><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"geo-tg\">\n<td colspan=\"2\">\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u0644<\/th>\n<td class=\"geo-val\">3,180 \u0643\u064a\u0644\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631\u064b\u0627<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/example.com\/indus_river_info\" title=\"3|\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0647\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0629|2022\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[3]<\/a><\/sup><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062a\u064a\u0628 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u0644<\/th>\n<td class=\"geo-val\">13<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/example.com\/indus_river_info\" title=\"4|\u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629|2021\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[4]<\/a><\/sup><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>\u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0636<\/th>\n<td class=\"geo-val\">1,165,000 \u0643\u064a\u0644\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631 \u0645\u0631\u0628\u0639<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/example.com\/indus_river_info\" title=\"5|\u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0627\u0626\u064a|2023\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[5]<\/a><\/sup><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0641<\/th>\n<td class=\"geo-val\">6,600 \u0645\u062a\u0631 \u0645\u0643\u0639\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/example.com\/indus_river_info\" title=\"6|\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u064a\u0629|2022\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[6]<\/a><\/sup><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>\u0623\u0642\u0635\u0649 \u062a\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0641<\/th>\n<td class=\"geo-val\">\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 20,000 \u0645\u062a\u0631 \u0645\u0643\u0639\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 (\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u064a\u0636\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0643\u0628\u0631\u0649)<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/example.com\/indus_river_info\" title=\"7|\u0633\u062c\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0636\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a|2010\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[7]<\/a><\/sup><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"geo-tg\">\n<td colspan=\"2\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0631\u0649<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0628\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a<\/th>\n<td class=\"geo-val\">\u0628\u062d\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0627\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0648\u0641\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0647\u0636\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u062a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/example.com\/indus_river_info\" title=\"8|\u0623\u0637\u0644\u0633 \u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a|2023\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[8]<\/a><\/sup><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0628\u0639<\/th>\n<td class=\"geo-val\">\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a 5,182 \u0645\u062a\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0633\u0637\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/example.com\/indus_river_info\" title=\"9|\u062e\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0637 \u0637\u0628\u0648\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629|2023\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[9]<\/a><\/sup><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0628\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a<\/th>\n<td class=\"geo-val\">\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0645\u0646\u0628\u0639 \u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a \u0645\u0645\u064a\u0632\u061b \u064a\u062a\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u062f\u0629 \u064a\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0639 \u062c\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/example.com\/indus_river_info\" title=\"10|\u0648\u0635\u0641 \u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a|2023\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[10]<\/a><\/sup><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0628\u0639<\/th>\n<td class=\"geo-val\">\u064a\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u062f\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u062c\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0628\u0639<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/example.com\/indus_river_info\" title=\"11|\u0648\u0635\u0641 \u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a|2023\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[11]<\/a><\/sup><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0628<\/th>\n<td class=\"geo-val\">\u0628\u062d\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u064a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u064a\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0643\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/example.com\/indus_river_info\" title=\"12|\u0623\u0637\u0644\u0633 \u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a|2023\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[12]<\/a><\/sup><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0628<\/th>\n<td class=\"geo-val\">0 \u0645\u062a\u0631 (\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0633\u0637\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631)<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/example.com\/indus_river_info\" title=\"13|\u0645\u0633\u062d \u062c\u064a\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0633\u064a|2023\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[13]<\/a><\/sup><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"geo-tg\">\n<td colspan=\"2\">\u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0627<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0627\u0641\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629<\/th>\n<td class=\"geo-val\">\u0633\u062a\u0644\u062c\u060c \u062c\u064a\u0644\u0648\u0645\u060c \u062a\u0634\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0628\u060c \u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0633 (\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0645\u0633\u0629)\u060c \u0643\u0627\u0628\u0648\u0644\u060c \u0634\u0627\u064a\u0648\u0643\u060c \u0632\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0631\u060c \u063a\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0644<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/example.com\/indus_river_info\" title=\"14|\u062c\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0631|2022\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[14]<\/a><\/sup><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0636<\/th>\n<td class=\"geo-val\">\u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0643\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0623\u0641\u063a\u0627\u0646\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/example.com\/indus_river_info\" title=\"15|\u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647|1960\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[15]<\/a><\/sup><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>\u0623\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0636\u0641\u0627\u0641\u0647<\/th>\n<td class=\"geo-val\">\u0644\u064a\u0647\u060c \u0633\u0643\u0647\u0631\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062f\u0631 \u0622\u0628\u0627\u062f (\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u062f)\u060c \u0645\u0648\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0646 (\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0628)\u060c \u0643\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0634\u064a (\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0628)<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/example.com\/indus_river_info\" title=\"16|\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0627 \u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629|2023\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[16]<\/a><\/sup><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"geo-map-wrap\">\n<div class=\"geo-table-title\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0629<\/div>\n<p><iframe src=\"https:\/\/www.openstreetmap.org\/export\/embed.html?bbox=64.6225,22.58875,70.2475,25.40125&amp;layer=mapnik&amp;marker=23.995,67.435\" width=\"100%\" height=\"320\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" loading=\"lazy\" title=\"\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0629 \u0646\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u062f\"><\/iframe><\/div>\n<figure class=\"geo-img-locator\"><img src=\"https:\/\/staticmap.openstreetmap.de\/staticmap.php?center=23.995,67.435&amp;zoom=6&amp;size=600x300&amp;markers=23.995,67.435,red\" alt=\"\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0629 \u0646\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u062f\" width=\"500\" height=\"350\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" onerror=\"this.closest('figure').style.display='none'\"><figcaption>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0644\u0640\u0646\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u062f<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<div class=\"geo-article\">\n<p>\u064a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0646\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u062f \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0623\u0637\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0622\u0633\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0645\u062a\u062f \u0645\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0647 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b \u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0634\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631. \u064a\u0646\u0628\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0647\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0644\u064a\u0634\u0642 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0647 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u062a\u0636\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u0645\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0635\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u062d\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628. \u064a\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u0628\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062c\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0627\u062e\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629\u060c \u062a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u062c\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u0648\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a. <\/p>\n<h3>\u0645\u0646\u0628\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0631 \u0648\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u064a<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n<p>\u064a\u0646\u0628\u0639 \u0646\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0636\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u062d\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0627\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0648\u0641\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u062c\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0639\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639 \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a 5,500 \u0645\u062a\u0631 \u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0633\u0637\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/example.com\/indus_source_altitude_2020\" title=\"1|\u0645\u0648\u0633\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629|2020\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[1]<\/a><\/sup>. \u064a\u064f\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0628\u0639\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u0645 &#8220;\u0633\u064a\u0646\u063a\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0628\u0627\u0628&#8221; \u0623\u0648 &#8220;\u0641\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u062f&#8221;\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0628\u0644\u063a \u0637\u0648\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a 3,180 \u0643\u064a\u0644\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631\u064b\u0627<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/example.com\/indus_length_geography_2021\" title=\"2|\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0629|2021\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[2]<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p>\n<p>\u064a\u064f\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0644\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062e (\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f) \u0648\u063a\u0644\u063a\u062a-\u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 (\u0628\u0627\u0643\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646) \u0648\u0627\u062f\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0645\u064a\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u0636\u064a\u0642\u064b\u0627\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0633\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0644 \u062c\u0628\u0627\u0644 \u0643\u0627\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0647\u064a\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0632\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0631. \u064a\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0628\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u062c\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644\u0647 \u0648\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u062f\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0628\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0631\u0629.<\/p>\n<p>\u064a\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0631 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u064a\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u062e\u0627\u0646\u0642 \u0628\u0648\u0646\u062c\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0639\u0645\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u0635\u0644 \u0639\u0645\u0642\u0647 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a 4,500 \u0645\u062a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0637<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/example.com\/bungee_gorge_depth_2019\" title=\"3|\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u062c\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627|2019\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[3]<\/a><\/sup>. \u062a\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0636\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062e\u0648\u0631 \u0648\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0643\u0645\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0647\u0627\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0627\u0633\u0628.<\/p>\n<p>\u062a\u062a\u063a\u0630\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u064a \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0630\u0648\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0644\u0648\u062c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0628\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0645\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u0642\u062f\u0631 \u0623\u0646 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u0631\u0628 \u0645\u0646 60% \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0648\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0621 \u064a\u0623\u062a\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/example.com\/indus_glacial_feed_2022\" title=\"4|\u0645\u0639\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629|2022\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[4]<\/a><\/sup>. \u062a\u062a\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0642\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0648\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0633\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647.<\/p>\n<figure class=\"geo-img-inline\"><img src=\"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/d\/d2\/Course_and_major_tributaries_of_the_Indus.jpg\" alt=\"\u0646\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u062f\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" onerror=\"this.closest('figure').style.display='none'\"><figcaption>\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0629 \u062a\u0648\u0636\u064a\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0646\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u062f \u062a\u0648\u0636\u062d \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a \u0648\u0631\u0648\u0627\u0641\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u0649 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0634\u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u064a\u0629.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>\u064a\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0631 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u062a\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u0628\u0628\u0631\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0634\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062a\u0627\u0621\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u062a\u062c\u0645\u062f \u0633\u0637\u062d\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u0645\u062d \u0628\u0639\u0628\u0648\u0631\u0647 \u0633\u064a\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0648\u064a\u064f\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u0645 &#8220;\u0634\u0627\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u062a\u0631\u064a\u0643&#8221; \u0641\u064a \u0644\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062e\u060c \u0648\u064a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0634\u0647\u0631 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/example.com\/chadartrek_indus_winter_2018\" title=\"5|\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629|2018\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[5]<\/a><\/sup>. <\/p>\n<h3>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0631\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0628<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n<p>\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0639\u0628\u0648\u0631\u0647 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u064a\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0646\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0647\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0643\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u062a\u0633\u0639 \u0645\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0647 \u0648\u064a\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637\u0623 \u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642\u0647 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0638. \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0621\u060c \u064a\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0631 \u0631\u0648\u0627\u0641\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0645\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0628\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u062c\u0647\u0644\u0645 \u0648\u062a\u0634\u0646\u0627\u0628 \u0648\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0648\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0648\u0633\u062a\u0644\u062c.<\/p>\n<p>\u064a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0632\u0631\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u062e\u0635\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u063a\u0627\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u064f\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639 \u0644\u0644\u0631\u064a \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u062f\u0648\u062f. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0623\u062f\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0631 \u0644\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0647\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0643\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u064f\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0628\u0633\u0644\u0629 \u062e\u0628\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f.<\/p>\n<p>\u064a\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0631 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0644\u064a\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u0635\u0644 \u0639\u0631\u0636\u0647 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0643\u064a\u0644\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0627\u0643\u0646\u060c \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0636\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a. \u062a\u062a\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0637\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0633\u064a\u0628.<\/p>\n<p>\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0635\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u062d\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u060c \u064a\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0646\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u062f \u062f\u0644\u062a\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u062a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u062f\u0644\u062a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u063a\u0637\u064a \u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u0631 \u0628\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a 41,440 \u0643\u064a\u0644\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0631\u0628\u0639\u064b\u0627<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/example.com\/indus_delta_area_2017\" title=\"6|\u0645\u0648\u0633\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629|2017\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[6]<\/a><\/sup>. \u062a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u062a\u0627 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u0631\u064a\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u064a\u0636\u0645 \u063a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u063a\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0631.<\/p>\n<p>\u064a\u0635\u0628 \u0646\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0628\u062d\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628 \u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628 \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0643\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0634\u064a\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0643\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646. \u064a\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u0645\u0635\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0631 \u0628\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u062a\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0630\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062e\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0628\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0626\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0629. \u064a\u064f\u0642\u062f\u0631 \u0623\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u062a\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0631 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0628 \u064a\u0635\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a 6,600 \u0645\u062a\u0631 \u0645\u0643\u0639\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/example.com\/indus_discharge_2023\" title=\"7|\u0647\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0643\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629|2023\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[7]<\/a><\/sup>. <\/p>\n<h2>\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0627\u0641\u062f \u0648\u062d\u0648\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0641<\/h2>\n<\/p>\n<p>\u064a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0646\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u062f \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0646\u0647\u0631\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0639\u0642\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u064a\u0636\u0645 \u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0627\u0641\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u063a\u0630\u064a\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0628\u0627\u064a\u0646\u0629. \u062a\u062a\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0627\u0641\u062f \u0644\u062a\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062d\u0648\u0636 \u0635\u0631\u0641 \u0636\u062e\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u064a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0623\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0641 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u060c \u0648\u064a\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u0628\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0636\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0633\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u062e\u064a. \u064a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0623\u0633\u0631\u0647\u0627. <\/p>\n<h3>\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0627\u0641\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n<p>\u062a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0631\u0648\u0627\u0641\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0645\u0633\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0634\u0647\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0646\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u062f\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0646\u0647\u0631 \u062c\u0647\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0646\u0628\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0643\u0634\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0646\u0647\u0631 \u062a\u0634\u0646\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0621 \u0646\u0647\u0631\u064a \u062a\u0634\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0631\u0627 \u0648\u0628\u0647\u0627\u063a\u0627<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/example.com\/punjab_tributaries_2016\" title=\"8|\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u064a\u0629|2016\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[8]<\/a><\/sup>. \u062a\u064f\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0630\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p>\u064a\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0646\u0647\u0631 \u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0628\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0648\u064a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0646\u0647\u0631 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u063a\u0631 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0631\u0648\u0627\u0641\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0628 \u0648\u064a\u0642\u0639 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/example.com\/ravi_beas_sources_2015\" title=\"9|\u0645\u0648\u0633\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0633\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0629|2015\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[9]<\/a><\/sup>. \u062a\u0644\u0639\u0628 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u0648\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n<p>\u064a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0646\u0647\u0631 \u0633\u062a\u0644\u062c \u0623\u0637\u0648\u0644 \u0631\u0648\u0627\u0641\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u062f \u0648\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0646\u0628\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u062d\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0631\u0627\u0643\u0634\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0648\u064a\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u062d\u062f \u0645\u0639 \u0646\u0647\u0631 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u062b\u0645 \u064a\u0635\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u062f. \u064a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0646\u0647\u0631 \u0633\u062a\u0644\u062c \u0643\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0627\u0633\u0628\u060c \u0648\u064a\u064f\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639 \u0644\u062a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a.<\/p>\n<p>\u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0631\u0648\u0627\u0641\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0628\u060c \u064a\u0636\u0645 \u0646\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u062f \u0631\u0648\u0627\u0641\u062f \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0645\u0647\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0646\u0647\u0631 \u0634\u064a\u0648\u0642 \u0648\u0646\u0647\u0631 \u063a\u0644\u063a\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0646\u0647\u0631 \u0643\u0627\u0628\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0646\u0628\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0641\u063a\u0627\u0646\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u064a\u0646\u0636\u0645 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062a\u0648\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0643\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/example.com\/other_indus_tributaries_2014\" title=\"10|\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627|2014\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[10]<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p>\n<p>\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0627\u0641\u062f \u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u064f\u0642\u062f\u0631 \u0623\u0646 \u0631\u0648\u0627\u0641\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0628 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645 \u0628\u0646\u062d\u0648 50% \u0645\u0646 \u0625\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u062f \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0645\u0635\u0628\u0647<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/example.com\/tributary_contribution_2023\" title=\"11|\u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0647\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629|2023\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[11]<\/a><\/sup>. <\/p>\n<h3>\u062d\u0648\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0641 \u0648\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n<p>\u064a\u063a\u0637\u064a \u062d\u0648\u0636 \u0635\u0631\u0641 \u0646\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u062f \u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0625\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u0631 \u0628\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a 1.16 \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0643\u064a\u0644\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631 \u0645\u0631\u0628\u0639\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644\u0647 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0623\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/example.com\/indus_basin_area_2022\" title=\"12|\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647|2022\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[12]<\/a><\/sup>. \u064a\u0645\u062a\u062f \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0636 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0623\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u062a (\u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646) \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f \u0648\u0623\u0641\u063a\u0627\u0646\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0643\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646.<\/p>\n<p>\u064a\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0636 \u0628\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0636\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u062c\u0628\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0639\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0636\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642\u060c \u0648\u0633\u0647\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0628\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0637\u060c \u0648\u0635\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u062b\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0634\u0628\u0647 \u0635\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0637\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p>\u062a\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0648\u062d \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0647\u0637\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0648\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u062f \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a 100 \u0645\u0644\u0645 \u0633\u0646\u0648\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 1,000 \u0645\u0644\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0648\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0629<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/example.com\/indus_rainfall_variations_2021\" title=\"13|\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0643\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629|2021\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[13]<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p>\n<p>\u064a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u062d\u0648\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0643\u062b\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u0639\u064a\u0634 \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0639\u0646 200 \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0634\u062e\u0635<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/example.com\/indus_basin_population_2023\" title=\"14|\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646|2023\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[14]<\/a><\/sup>\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0645\u0639\u0638\u0645\u0647\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0636\u0639 \u0636\u063a\u0637\u064b\u0627 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p>\u062a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0648\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062e\u0635\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u060c \u0648\u062a\u064f\u0632\u0631\u0639 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0645\u062d \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0632 \u0648\u0642\u0635\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0646. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0631\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u064a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u060c \u0648\u064a\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 19 \u0633\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u064812 \u0642\u0646\u0627\u0629 \u0631\u0628\u0637 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 45 \u0642\u0646\u0627\u0629 \u0641\u0631\u0639\u064a\u0629<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/example.com\/indus_irrigation_system_2020\" title=\"15|\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0631\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0641|2020\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[15]<\/a><\/sup>. <\/p>\n<h2>\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0636\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0629<\/h2>\n<\/p>\n<p>\u064a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0646\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u062f \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u0636\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0647\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0625\u062d\u062f\u0649 \u0623\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0636\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645. \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0648\u0631\u060c \u0644\u0639\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0631 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0645\u0631 \u0628\u0647\u0627. \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0632\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0631 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0634\u0627\u0647\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0631\u062b \u063a\u0646\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629. <\/p>\n<h3>\u062d\u0636\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u062f<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n<p>\u0646\u0634\u0623\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0636\u0641\u0627\u0641 \u0646\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u062f \u0648\u0631\u0648\u0627\u0641\u062f\u0647 \u0625\u062d\u062f\u0649 \u0623\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0636\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0648\u0641\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u062d\u0636\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u062f (\u0623\u0648 \u062d\u0636\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0627)\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0632\u062f\u0647\u0631\u062a \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a 2500 \u06481900 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062f<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/example.com\/indus_valley_civ_dates_2019\" title=\"16|\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0633\u064a\u0648\u064a|2019\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[16]<\/a><\/sup>. \u062a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0636\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0636\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u0649 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u062d\u0636\u0627\u0631\u062a\u064a \u0645\u0635\u0631 \u0648\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0641\u062f\u064a\u0646.<\/p>\n<p>\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632\u062a \u062d\u0636\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u062f \u0628\u0645\u062f\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0637\u0637\u0629 \u062c\u064a\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0645\u0648\u0647\u064a\u0646\u062c\u0648 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u0648 \u0648\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0635\u0631\u0641 \u0635\u062d\u064a \u0645\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0634\u0648\u0627\u0631\u0639 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0631\u0648\u0642<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/example.com\/mohenjo_daro_urban_planning_2018\" title=\"17|\u0645\u0648\u0633\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0636\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0629|2018\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[17]<\/a><\/sup>. \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0632 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062d\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0632\u062f\u0647\u0631\u0629.<\/p>\n<p>\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u062d\u0636\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u062f \u064a\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639\u060c \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0641\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0641\u064a\u0636\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0631 \u0644\u062e\u0635\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0632\u0631\u0639\u0648\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0645\u062d \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0646. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0648\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u062d\u0636\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0648\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0641\u062f\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062f\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639\u0629<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/example.com\/indus_trade_agriculture_2017\" title=\"18|\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0629|2017\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[18]<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p>\n<p>\u062a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0639\u064f\u062b\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u062d\u0636\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0628\u0631\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0643\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062b\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0646\u0642\u0648\u0634\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u064f\u0641\u0643 \u0631\u0645\u0648\u0632\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0631\u0633\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0623\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644 \u062f\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629. \u062a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0645 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0648\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0645\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631.<\/p>\n<p>\u0628\u062f\u0623\u062a \u062d\u0636\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a 1900 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062f \u0644\u0623\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0648\u0641\u0629 \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645\u064b\u0627\u060c \u064a\u064f\u0639\u062a\u0642\u062f \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646\u0627\u062e\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u062f\u0649 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u062c\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u062a\u0641\u0643\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u0649<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/example.com\/indus_decline_theories_2020\" title=\"19|\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645|2020\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[19]<\/a><\/sup>. <\/p>\n<h3>\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0631 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n<p>\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0646\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u062f \u062d\u0627\u062c\u0632\u064b\u0627 \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0647\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u0639\u0628\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0632\u0627\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u062a\u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0648\u0631. \u0641\u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 326 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0643\u0646\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0636\u0641\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u062f\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0642\u0648\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0631\u0641\u0636\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0634\u0631\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0628<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/example.com\/alexander_indus_326BC\" title=\"20|\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0643\u0646\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631|2021\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[20]<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p>\n<p>\u0644\u0639\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0631 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0637\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0637\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0637\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0631\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0645\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0645\u062a\u062f\u062a \u0646\u0641\u0648\u0630\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u0648\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u062f. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0649\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0623\u0633\u0633\u062a \u0645\u062f\u0646 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0645\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0636\u0641\u0627\u0641\u0647.<\/p>\n<p>\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u060c \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0631<\/p>\n<h2>\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629<\/h2>\n<p>\u064a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0646\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u062f \u0634\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0634\u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0632\u0631\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0636\u062e\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u064a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647. \u062a\u062a\u062c\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0643\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0630\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629. \u064a\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0631 \u0648\u0631\u0648\u0627\u0641\u062f\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0630\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u062f \u0641\u0631\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629. <\/p>\n<h3>\u0627\u0644\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n<p>\u064a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u062d\u0648\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u062f \u0645\u0648\u0637\u0646\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0623\u062d\u062f \u0623\u0636\u062e\u0645 \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 &#8220;\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0631\u064a \u062d\u0648\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u062f&#8221;\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u063a\u0637\u064a \u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0634\u0627\u0633\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0643\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0623\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f. \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0642\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0631 \u0648\u0631\u0648\u0627\u0641\u062f\u0647\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644\u0647 \u0639\u0635\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 <sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.water-security.org\/article\/indus-basin-irrigation-system\" title=\"1|\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0631\u064a \u062d\u0648\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u062f|2018\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[1]<\/a><\/sup>. \u062a\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u062f \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0645\u062d \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0632 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0646 \u0648\u0642\u0635\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0631\u0643\u0627\u0626\u0632 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0643\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u064a. \u062a\u0633\u0647\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0630\u0627\u0621 \u0644\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0641\u0636\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0646 \u0643\u0648\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0646\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u062f\u064a\u0631 <sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.fao.org\/pakistan\/fao-in-pakistan\/areas-of-work\/water-agriculture\/ar\/\" title=\"2|\u0627\u0644\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0643\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646|2021\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[2]<\/a><\/sup>. \u064a\u0644\u0639\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0631 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u064b \u062d\u0627\u0633\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0630\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u0633\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0643\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 60% \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631 \u0623\u0648 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631 \u0643\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0631\u0632\u0642. \u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0625\u0645\u062f\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0630\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u0626\u0644\u0629 <sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.undp.org\/pakistan\/food-security\" title=\"3|\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0630\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0643\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646|2023\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[3]<\/a><\/sup>. \u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0648\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0642\u0631\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0628\u062f\u0621\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u0646\u0634\u0623\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0636\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649\u060c \u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u062e\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0628\u062f\u0623 \u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0633\u0639 \u0639\u0634\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u062a \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0643\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646. \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a \u064a\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0632\u0627\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0631 \u0643\u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f \u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a \u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 <sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.iwmi.cgiar.org\/publications\/iwmi-research-reports\/iwmi-research-report-159\/\" title=\"4|\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0648\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u062f|2015\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[4]<\/a><\/sup>. \u0645\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u062a\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u062f \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u062a\u0645\u0644\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u063a\u062f\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 (\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0645\u0646\u0633\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0629)\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0646\u062c\u0645 \u0639\u0646 \u0633\u0648\u0621 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a \u0648\u062a\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647. \u062a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0648\u0627\u0647\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062e\u0635\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u062e\u0641\u0636 \u0645\u0646 \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0644\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0631\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0641 <sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.adb.org\/projects\/50170-001\/main\" title=\"5|\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0645\u0644\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0643\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646|2019\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[5]<\/a><\/sup>. <\/p>\n<h3>\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u064a\u062f<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n<p>\u064a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0646\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u062f \u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0633\u062a\u0636\u064a\u0641 \u062d\u0648\u0636\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0644\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0643\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646. \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0628\u0631\u0632 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0633\u062f \u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0644\u0627\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0647 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u062f \u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0621 \u062a\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0639\u0646 4800 \u0645\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0627\u062a <sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.wapda.gov.pk\/index.php\/project-updates\/projects\/power\/tarbela-hydropower-project\" title=\"6|\u0645\u062d\u0637\u0629 \u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0644\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629|2022\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[6]<\/a><\/sup>. \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u062f \u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0639\u0628\u062a \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u064b \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0636\u0627\u0626\u0639\u060c \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0631. \u0645\u0627 \u0632\u0627\u0644\u062a \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0633\u064a\u0637\u0629 \u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0625\u0646 \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0635\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 <sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.journals.uchicago.edu\/doi\/10.1086\/676380\" title=\"7|\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u062f \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0627\u064b|2014\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[7]<\/a><\/sup>. \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u0635\u0627\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u062f \u0648\u0631\u0648\u0627\u0641\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0647\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0648\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0639\u064a\u0634 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0636\u0641\u0627\u0641\u0647. \u062a\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0631\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0634\u0628\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0629. \u062a\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u064a\u062f \u062c\u0632\u0621\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u062c\u0632\u0623 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u064a\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0644\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0636 <sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.pakistan.gov.pk\/index.php\/services\/fisheries\" title=\"8|\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0631\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0643\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646|2020\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[8]<\/a><\/sup>. \u064a\u0645\u062a\u0644\u0643 \u062d\u0648\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u062f \u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0633\u064a\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629\u060c \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0631 \u0641\u0631\u0635 \u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u062f\u064a\u0641 (\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0641\u062a\u064a\u0646\u062c) \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u064a\u064a\u0645. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062b\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062d\u0636\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0637\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0631 \u062a\u062c\u0630\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0648\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629 <sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.tdcp.gop.pk\/indus-river-tourism\" title=\"9|\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u062f|2023\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[9]<\/a><\/sup>. \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u062a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0648\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u062f \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u063a\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062e\u0631\u064a \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0628\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u062d (Salt Range) \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0628\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621. \u064a\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u063a\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u0631\u0635 \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 <sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.geology.com\/minerals\/pakistan.shtml\" title=\"10|\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0643\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646|2017\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[10]<\/a><\/sup>. <\/p>\n<h2>\u0627\u0644\u0633\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629<\/h2>\n<\/p>\n<p>\u062a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u062f \u0648\u0631\u0648\u0627\u0641\u062f\u0647 \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0633\u0639\u0629\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0644\u0639\u0628 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0644\u0644\u0631\u064a \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0636\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a. \u062a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u062e\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u062f\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0632\u0627\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0634\u0643\u0644\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0644\u0639\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629. <\/p>\n<h3>\u0633\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0632\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0644<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n<p>\u064a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0633\u062f \u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0644\u0627\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0643\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0628\u0631\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0641\u0647\u0648 \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0633\u062f \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0628\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0626\u0647\u060c \u0648\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0633\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0632\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629. \u064a\u0628\u0644\u063a \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062f \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a 143 \u0645\u062a\u0631\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0628\u0644\u063a \u0633\u0639\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0632\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a 11.6 \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0645\u0643\u0639\u0628\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u0631\u064a \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0621 <sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.wapda.gov.pk\/index.php\/project-updates\/projects\/power\/tarbela-hydropower-project\" title=\"11|\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0646 \u0633\u062f \u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0644\u0627|2022\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[11]<\/a><\/sup>. \u064a\u0623\u062a\u064a \u0633\u062f \u0645\u0627\u0646\u062c\u0644\u0627\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0647\u0631 \u062c\u0647\u0644\u0645 (\u0623\u062d\u062f \u0631\u0648\u0627\u0641\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u062f) \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0622\u0632\u0627\u062f \u0643\u0634\u0645\u064a\u0631\u060c \u0643\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0633\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0643\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646. \u0628\u064f\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062f \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u0627\u064b \u0644\u062a\u062e\u0632\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0644\u0623\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f \u062e\u0636\u0639 \u0644\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0648\u0633\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0633\u0639\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0632\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0642\u062f\u0631\u062a\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0635\u0644 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a 1000 \u0645\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0627\u062a <sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.wapda.gov.pk\/index.php\/project-updates\/projects\/power\/mangla-hydropower-project\" title=\"12|\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0639\u0629 \u0633\u062f \u0645\u0627\u0646\u062c\u0644\u0627|2019\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[12]<\/a><\/sup>. \u062a\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0637\u0648\u0644 \u0646\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u062f \u0648\u0631\u0648\u0627\u0641\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a (Barrages) \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u062e\u0645\u0629. \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0634\u0647\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0633\u0643\u0648\u0631 \u0648\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u062c\u0648\u062f\u0648 \u0648\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u062a\u0627\u0648\u0646\u0633\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0639\u062f \u0646\u0642\u0627\u0637 \u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0644\u0623\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0633\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0628 <sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.pakistanwatergate.com\/indus-river-system-authority\/barrages\" title=\"13|\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u062f|2016\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[13]<\/a><\/sup>. \u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u0649 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u062a\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u062a\u0642\u0633\u064a\u0645 \u0634\u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0639 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0647\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u062f \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0643\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1960\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0642\u0633\u0645\u062a \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0631 \u0648\u0631\u0648\u0627\u0641\u062f\u0647. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u062f\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0628\u0627\u0643\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u062a\u0642\u0633\u064a\u0645 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643 <sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.worldbank.org\/en\/news\/feature\/2020\/09\/17\/the-indus-waters-treaty-a-brief-overview\" title=\"14|\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0647\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u062f|2020\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[14]<\/a><\/sup>. \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0633\u0628\u0628\u062a \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u062a\u0647\u062c\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u063a\u0645\u0631\u062a \u0623\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062f\u0648\u062f\u060c \u0648\u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u064a\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u0647\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a \u0648\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0631 <sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/328892403_Environmental_and_Social_Impacts_of_Tarbela_Dam\" title=\"15|\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0633\u062f \u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0644\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629|2018\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[15]<\/a><\/sup>. <\/p>\n<h3>\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n<p>\u062a\u0633\u062a\u0636\u064a\u0641 \u0633\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0644\u0627 \u0648\u0645\u0627\u0646\u062c\u0644\u0627 \u0645\u062d\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0636\u062e\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0628\u0627\u0643\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646. \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c \u062a\u0628\u0644\u063a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0644 \u0645\u062d\u0637\u0629 \u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0644\u0627 \u0644\u062a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a 4888 \u0645\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u062d\u0637\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f <sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.wapda.gov.pk\/index.php\/project-updates\/projects\/power\/tarbela-hydropower-project\" title=\"16|\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0644\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629|2022\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[16]<\/a><\/sup>. \u062a\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0648\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0622\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0644\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0632\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0632\u0631\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u0631 \u0628\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a 14 \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0647\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0643\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0647\u0627. \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0642\u062f\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0648\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0648\u062a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0635\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 <sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.iwmi.cgiar.org\/publications\/iwmi-research-reports\/iwmi-research-report-159\/\" title=\"17|\u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u062f|2015\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[17]<\/a><\/sup>. \u062a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u064b \u0642\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u0637 (Link Canals) \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0631 \u062d\u0648\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629\u060c \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0646\u0635\u062a \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0647\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u062f \u0644\u062a\u0639\u0648\u064a\u0636 \u0628\u0627\u0643\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0646 \u0641\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0629. \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0632\u0629 \u0642\u0646\u0627\u0629 \u062a\u0634\u0627\u0634\u0645\u0627-\u062c\u0647\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0631\u0628\u0637 \u0646\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u062f \u0628\u0646\u0647\u0631 \u062c\u0647\u0644\u0645 \u0644\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0625\u0645\u062f\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 <sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.water-security.org\/article\/indus-basin-irrigation-system\" title=\"18|\u0642\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u0637 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0648\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u062f|2018\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[18]<\/a><\/sup>. \u062a\u062e\u0637\u0637 \u0628\u0627\u0643\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0645\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0636\u062e\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0633\u062f \u062f\u064a\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0631-\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0632\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u062f \u0643\u0645\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0647\u0627\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0621. \u064a\u064f\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0628\u0644\u063a \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062f \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a 4500 \u0645\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0632\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0628\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a 8.1 \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0645\u0643\u0639\u0628 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0643\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0647 <sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.wapda.gov.pk\/index.php\/project-updates\/projects\/power\/diamer-bhasha-dam\" title=\"19|\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0646 \u0633\u062f \u062f\u064a\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0631-\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0627|2023\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[19]<\/a><\/sup>. \u062a\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0641\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0632\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0633\u0648\u0621 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0648\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639 \u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645. \u062a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0636\u062e\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b \u0648\u062a\u0623\u0647\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0648\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 <sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.adb.org\/projects\/50170-001\/main\" title=\"20|\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0643\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646|2019\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[20]<\/a><\/sup>. <\/p>\n<h2>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629<\/h2>\n<\/p>\n<p>\u064a\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647 \u0646\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0647\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a \u0648\u0642\u062f\u0631\u062a\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629. \u062a\u0646\u062c\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0646 \u0645\u0632\u064a\u062c \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0632\u0627\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u062e\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629. \u062a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0627\u062a \u062c\u0647\u0648\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0643\u062b\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a. <\/p>\n<h3>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0648\u062b \u0648\u062a\u062f\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0644<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n<p>\u064a\u0639\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0646\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0648\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f\u064a\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0644\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0646 \u062b\u0642\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0631 \u0648\u0631\u0648\u0627\u0641\u062f\u0647. \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0648\u062b \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062f\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0628 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0647\u062f\u062f \u0635\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0626\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 <sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/262573216_Water_Pollution_of_Indus_River_A_Case_Study\" title=\"21|\u062a\u0644\u0648\u062b \u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0646\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u062f|2014\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[21]<\/a><\/sup>. \u062a\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0644\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u064a\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0645\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u0645 \u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0648\u062b\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u062a\u0633\u0631\u0628 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u062b\u0645 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0631. \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0630\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u0630\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0630\u064a\u0627\u062a) \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0632\u062f\u0647\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u0627\u062a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u0644\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u064a\u0636\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0643 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0626\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649\u060c \u0641\u064a \u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u062b\u062b <sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2073-4441\/11\/1\/156\" title=\"22|\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0644\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u062f|2019\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[22]<\/a><\/sup>. \u062a\u062a\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0631\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062f\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0648\u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0626\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0629. \u062a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0641\u062a\u064a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0644\u060c \u0648\u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0642\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0631\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0633\u0644\u0628\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0631 <sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.iucn.org\/news\/pakistan\/201211\/saving-indus-river-dolphins\" title=\"23|\u062a\u062f\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u062f|2012\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[23]<\/a><\/sup>. \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0628\u0631\u0632 \u0636\u062d\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u062a\u062f\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u062f \u0647\u0648 \u062f\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0631\u064a (Platanista minor)\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0645\u0647\u062f\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u0628\u0634\u062f\u0629. \u064a\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0647\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0627\u062a \u062c\u0633\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0648\u062b\u060c \u0648\u0641\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0644\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0642\u0633\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0631 \u0628\u0648\u0627\u0633\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0632\u0644 \u062a\u062c\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0648\u062a\u0639\u064a\u0642 \u062d\u0631\u0643\u062a\u0647\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u062f\u0641\u0639 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u062d\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0643\u062b\u0641\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 <sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.worldwildlife.org\/species\/indus-river-dolphin\" title=\"24|\u062f\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u062f\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0636|2023\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[24]<\/a><\/sup>. \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u062e\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0632\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0633\u0639\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0632\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0631\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u0644\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0645\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0648\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062e\u0632\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u062d\u062c\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u064a\u0645\u0646\u0639 \u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0631\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062e\u0635\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u062a\u0627 \u0648\u064a\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0648\u0627\u0637\u0626 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629 <sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.adb.org\/sites\/default\/files\/publication\/188445\/indus-basin-outlook.pdf\" title=\"25|\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u0631\u0633\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062f\u0648\u062f|2016\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[25]<\/a><\/sup>. <\/p>\n<h3>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u062e\u064a \u0648\u0646\u0642\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n<p>\u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u062a\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0639 \u0630\u0648\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0628\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a \u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0646\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u062f\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u064a\u0631. \u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u064a\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0648\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0639 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639 \u062d\u0627\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0645\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0628\u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u0641\u0627\u062f \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0647\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 <sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-020-64299-4\" title=\"26|\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0630\u0648\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0644\u064a\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u062f|2020\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[26]<\/a><\/sup>. \u064a\u062a\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u062e\u064a \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0637 \u0647\u0637\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0646\u0633\u0648\u0646)\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062c\u0641\u0627\u0641 \u0623\u0637\u0648\u0644 \u0648\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0634\u062f\u0629\u060c \u062a\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a\u0636\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0627\u0631\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639\u0629. \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0635\u0639\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u062a\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u062e\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u0627\u062f\u062d\u0629\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u062d\u062f\u062b \u0641\u064a \u0641\u064a\u0636\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0643\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0645\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0645 2010 \u0648\u0639\u0627\u0645 2022 <sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.imf.org\/en\/News\/Articles\/2023\/04\/10\/pakistan-climate-change-impacts\" title=\"27|\u0641\u064a\u0636\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0643\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u062e\u064a|2023\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[27]<\/a><\/sup>. \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0631\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u0645 \u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629 \u0646\u0642\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647\u060c \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0636. \u064a\u062a\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0635 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0633 \u0634\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0647\u062f\u062f \u0633\u0628\u0644 \u0639\u064a\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0631 <sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.worldbank.org\/en\/topic\/water\/publication\/indus-basin-water-challenges\" title=\"28|\u0646\u0642\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0648\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u062f|2019\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[28]<\/a><\/sup>. \u062a\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0642\u062a\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u062e\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0641\u064a \u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u062d\u0631 \u0648\u062a\u0645\u0644\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629. \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0646\u0642\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0628\u062e\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0631\u0643 \u0648\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0645 \u0648\u062a\u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u0644\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c\u0629 <sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.unccd.int\/news-events\/pakistan-addressing-drought-and-land-degradation\" title=\"29|\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u062d\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0644\u062d \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0643\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646|2022\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[29]<\/a><\/sup>. \u062a\u0632\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u062a\u0642\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u062f\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0647\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u062f \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0643\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0641\u064a \u0638\u0644 \u062a\u0632\u0627\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0646\u0642\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647. \u064a\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u062e \u0645\u062e\u0627\u0648\u0641 \u0628\u0634\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0647\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0642\u062f\u0631\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0648\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0646\u0642\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646\u0627\u064b \u0625\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0648\u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b \u062f\u0628\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 <sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.atlanticcouncil.org\/blogs\/southasiasource\/indus-waters-treaty-climate-change\/\" title=\"30|\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0647\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u062e\u064a|2021\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[30]<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0646\u0647\u0631 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628 \u0622\u0633\u064a\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0639\u062f\u0629 \u062f\u0648\u0644.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1469,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[48,45],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1470","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-48","category-45"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/cosmalore.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1470","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/cosmalore.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/cosmalore.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cosmalore.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cosmalore.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1470"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/cosmalore.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1470\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cosmalore.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1469"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/cosmalore.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1470"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cosmalore.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1470"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cosmalore.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1470"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}