{"id":1314,"date":"2026-08-03T01:39:37","date_gmt":"2026-08-03T01:39:37","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/cosmalore.com\/ar\/?p=1314"},"modified":"2026-08-06T00:12:04","modified_gmt":"2026-08-06T00:12:04","slug":"ancient-persian-civilization","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/cosmalore.com\/ar\/2026\/08\/03\/ancient-persian-civilization\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0636\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0631\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0629"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>\n\u062a\u064f\u0639\u062f\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0636\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0631\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0636\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0646\u0649 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\u0641\u064a \u0641\u0643\u0651 \u0631\u0645\u0648\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0631\u0648\u063a\u0644\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0631\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0631\u0633\u064a \u062d\u0636\u0648\u0631\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0651 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0625\u0630 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0637\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0644\u064a\u064f\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0648\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0647\u064a\u0627\u0643\u0644 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0647\u0645\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0636\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0631\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0631\u0627\u0641\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0623\u0635\u064a\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u064f\u0633\u062a\u063a\u0646\u0649 \u0639\u0646\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0633\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0636\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u0649.<br \/>\n<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/place\/ancient-Iran\" title=\"1|Ancient Iran|Encyclopaedia Britannica|2024\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[1]<\/a><\/sup>\n<\/p>\n<div class=\"infobox\">\n<table>\n<tr class=\"ib-sec\">\n<td colspan=\"2\">\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0636\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0631\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"ib-row\">\n<td class=\"ib-label\">\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<td class=\"ib-val\">\u0641\u0627\u0631\u0633 (Pars\/Persia) \u2014 \u0623\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064f\u0631\u0633<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"ib-row\">\n<td class=\"ib-label\">\u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<td class=\"ib-val\">\u0646\u062d\u0648 550 \u0642.\u0645 \u2013 651 \u0645 (\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0637\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"ib-row\">\n<td class=\"ib-label\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a<\/td>\n<td class=\"ib-val\">\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0636\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0627 \u062c\u0627\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0622\u0633\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0623\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0627<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"ib-row\">\n<td class=\"ib-label\">\u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629<\/td>\n<td class=\"ib-val\">\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0631\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0631\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0637\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0631\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0649 (\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0647\u0644\u0648\u064a\u0629)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"ib-row\">\n<td class=\"ib-label\">\u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0629<\/td>\n<td class=\"ib-val\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0631\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0631\u0627\u0645\u064a<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"ib-row\">\n<td class=\"ib-label\">\u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<td class=\"ib-val\">\u0627\u0644\u0632\u0631\u0627\u062f\u0634\u062a\u064a\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0629)\u060c \u0639\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0623\u0647\u0648\u0631\u0627 \u0645\u0632\u062f\u0627<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"ib-sec\">\n<td colspan=\"2\">\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0637\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u0649<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"ib-row\">\n<td class=\"ib-label\"><a href=\"https:\/\/cosmalore.com\/ar\/2026\/07\/21\/achaemenid-empire\/\" class=\"cl-auto-link\" title=\"\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0637\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0645\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629\">\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0637\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0645\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629<\/a><\/td>\n<td class=\"ib-val\">550 \u2013 330 \u0642.\u0645 (\u0623\u0633\u0651\u0633\u0647\u0627 \u0643\u0648\u0631\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"ib-row\">\n<td class=\"ib-label\"><a href=\"https:\/\/cosmalore.com\/ar\/2026\/07\/25\/parthian-empire\/\" class=\"cl-auto-link\" title=\"\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0637\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0631\u062b\u064a\u0629\">\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0637\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0631\u062b\u064a\u0629<\/a> (\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062b\u064a\u0629)<\/td>\n<td class=\"ib-val\">247 \u0642.\u0645 \u2013 224 \u0645 (\u0623\u0633\u0651\u0633\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"ib-row\">\n<td class=\"ib-label\"><a href=\"https:\/\/cosmalore.com\/ar\/2026\/07\/27\/sasanian-empire\/\" class=\"cl-auto-link\" title=\"\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0637\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\">\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0637\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629<\/a><\/td>\n<td class=\"ib-val\">224 \u2013 651 \u0645 (\u0623\u0633\u0651\u0633\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0631\u062f\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"ib-sec\">\n<td colspan=\"2\">\u0623\u0628\u0631\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0627\u0645<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"ib-row\">\n<td class=\"ib-label\">\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0645\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0646<\/td>\n<td class=\"ib-val\">\u0643\u0648\u0631\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u060c \u0642\u0645\u0628\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u060c \u062e\u0634\u0627\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0634\u0627 (\u0632\u0631\u0643\u0633\u064a\u0633)\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"ib-row\">\n<td class=\"ib-label\">\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0646<\/td>\n<td class=\"ib-val\">\u0623\u0631\u062f\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u060c \u0634\u0627\u0628\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u060c \u062e\u0633\u0631\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 (\u0623\u0646\u0648\u0634\u064a\u0631\u0648\u0627\u0646)\u060c \u064a\u0632\u062f\u062c\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"ib-sec\">\n<td colspan=\"2\">\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u0649<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"ib-row\">\n<td class=\"ib-label\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062b\u0631\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<td class=\"ib-val\">\u0628\u0631\u0633\u064a\u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0633\u060c \u0633\u0648\u0633\u0627\u060c \u0646\u0642\u0634 \u0628\u064a\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0646\u0642\u0634 \u0631\u0633\u062a\u0645\u060c \u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0643\u0633\u0631\u0649<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"ib-row\">\n<td class=\"ib-label\">\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<td class=\"ib-val\">\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639\u060c \u062a\u0648\u062d\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0642\u0646\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"ib-row\">\n<td class=\"ib-label\">\u0623\u0642\u0635\u0649 \u0627\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0639 \u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a<\/td>\n<td class=\"ib-val\">\u0646\u062d\u0648 5.5 \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0643\u0645\u00b2 (\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0645\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0647\u062f \u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"ib-row\">\n<td class=\"ib-label\">\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0631\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u064a<\/td>\n<td class=\"ib-val\">\u0627\u0644\u0632\u0631\u0627\u062f\u0634\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u2014 \u0623\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062d\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062b\u0642\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"ib-row\">\n<td class=\"ib-label\">\u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0631\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645<\/td>\n<td class=\"ib-val\">651 \u0645 \u2014 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0648\u0633\u0642\u0648\u0637 \u064a\u0632\u062f\u062c\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/table>\n<div class=\"ib-foot\">COSMALORE \u00b7 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0633\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h2>\u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629<\/h2>\n<p>\n\u062a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0636\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0631\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0636\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0633\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u064f\u0634\u0643\u0651\u0644 \u0635\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u0649 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628\u060c \u0625\u0630 \u062a\u0631\u0628\u0637 \u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0641\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0623\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0627 \u063a\u0631\u0628\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0622\u0633\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0649 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f \u0634\u0631\u0642\u0627\u064b. \u062a\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0648\u062d \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0636\u0628\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0644\u0641 \u0648\u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0622\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0645\u062a\u0631 \u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0633\u0637\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631\u060c \u0648\u062a\u064f\u062d\u064a\u0637 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0633\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0644 \u062c\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0634\u0627\u0645\u062e\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0643\u0644 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628: \u062c\u0628\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0632 \u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0648\u062c\u0628\u0627\u0644 \u0632\u0627\u063a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u063a\u0631\u0628\u0627\u064b \u0648\u062c\u0628\u0627\u0644 \u0647\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0643\u0648\u0634 \u0634\u0631\u0642\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u062a\u0636\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u062c\u0639\u0644\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0636\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u0635\u0646\u0627\u064b \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0634\u0628\u0647 \u0645\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0644\u0645\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u0635\u0651\u0646 \u0628\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u062a\u0627\u062d\u062a \u0645\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0651\u0645\u064e \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0648\u0634 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u062d\u0636\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 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Britannica|2024\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[1]<\/a><\/sup><br \/>\n\u0623\u0641\u0631\u0632 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u064f\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0644\u0647 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0627 \u062f\u0641\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0633 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0628\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0628\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643\u064a \u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0647\u0630\u0647 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\u0647\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062f\u0648\u062a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0648\u0635\u0641\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0630\u0647\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0646.<br \/>\n<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.worldhistory.org\/achaemenid_empire\/\" title=\"2|Achaemenid Empire|World History Encyclopedia|2024\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[2]<\/a><\/sup>\n<\/p>\n<h2>\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0623\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0648\u0644<\/h2>\n<h3>\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0636\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629<\/h3>\n<p>\n\u062a\u0646\u062a\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0631\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 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\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u062a \u0623\u062e\u0645\u064a\u0646\u064a \u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0644\u064a\u0642\u0644\u0628 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0632\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0649 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0628\u0627\u064b \u062c\u0630\u0631\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0631\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644.<br \/>\n<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D9%85%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B7%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D8%AE%D9%85%D9%8A%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A9\" title=\"3|\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0637\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0645\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629|\u0648\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0628\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629|2024\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[3]<\/a><\/sup><br \/>\n\u0648\u0642\u062f \u062c\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0633 \u0648\u0627\u0631\u062b\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u062d\u0636\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u062a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0635\u0639\u0648\u062f\u0647\u0645\u060c \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u062d\u0636\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u064a\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0641\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628 \u063a\u0631\u0628 \u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u062a\u0627\u062d\u062a \u0644\u0647\u0645 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c\u0627\u064b \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0648\u0639\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0645\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0644\u0647\u0645\u0648\u0627 \u0645\u0646\u0647 \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0628 \u062d\u0643\u0645\u0647\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0633\u0648\u0633\u0627 (\u0634\u0648\u0634\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629) \u0639\u0627\u0635\u0645\u0629\u064b \u0639\u064a\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u063a\u062f\u0648 \u0639\u0627\u0635\u0645\u0629\u064b \u0623\u062e\u0645\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0645\u0643\u0651\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0631\u0648\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0636\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0633\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0633\u064e \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0633\u0633 \u0635\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0627\u063a\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0639\u0637\u0627\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u064a\u0632\u0629\u064b \u062d\u0636\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629\u064b \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0639\u0628\u0648\u0627 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u062e\u0628\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u064a\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u0647\u0645 \u0648\u0648\u0638\u0651\u0641\u0648\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0643\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0637\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0645\u0644.<br \/>\n<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/place\/ancient-Iran\" title=\"1|Ancient Iran|Encyclopaedia Britannica|2024\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[1]<\/a><\/sup>\n<\/p>\n<h3>\u0645\u0627 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0645\u064a\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u2014 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u062a\u0645\u0647\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642<\/h3>\n<p>\n\u0623\u0633\u0633\u062a \u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0645\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0627 (728 \u2013 550 \u0642.\u0645) \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u0628\u0629\u064e \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0625\u0645\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0637\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0644\u0648\u0643\u0647\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u062e\u0630\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0647\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0646 (\u0625\u064a\u0643\u0628\u0627\u062a\u0627\u0646\u0627) \u0639\u0627\u0635\u0645\u0629\u064b \u0645\u062d\u0635\u0651\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0623\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u0633\u0637\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0635\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u0647\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062f\u0648\u062a\u0633 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0639 \u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0646. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0628\u0644\u063a\u062a \u0645\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0627 \u0642\u0645\u0629 \u0642\u0648\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0647\u062f \u0623\u0643\u0633\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0633 (647 \u2013 585 \u0642.\u0645) \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0646\u0633\u0651\u0642 \u0645\u0639 \u0646\u0628\u0648\u062e\u0630 \u0646\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0628\u0644\u064a \u0644\u062a\u062f\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u0646\u064a\u0646\u0648\u0649 \u0648\u0625\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0645\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0634\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629\u064b \u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0642\u0648\u0629\u064b \u0639\u0638\u0645\u0649 \u062a\u064f\u0633\u064a\u0637\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f \u0641\u0627\u0631\u0633 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0636\u0648\u0644 \u0648\u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0641\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0627. \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0645\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u062f\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629 \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u064f\u0631\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062c\u0644\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0625\u0630 \u064a\u064f\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0625\u0646 \u062c\u062f \u0643\u0648\u0631\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0644\u0643\u0627\u064b \u0645\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0627\u064b. \u0648\u064a\u0631\u0649 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0631\u062e\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0645\u0627 \u062d\u062f\u062b \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 550 \u0642.\u0645 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0643\u0646 \u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0646\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u062f\u0645\u0648\u064a \u0628\u0644 \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0631\u0633\u0645 \u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0649 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u062a\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0641 \u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0648\u0633\u0639\u060c \u064a\u064f\u062b\u0628\u062a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0623\u0646 \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u062f\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0646\u0636\u0645\u0648\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0643\u0648\u0631\u0634 \u0645\u0628\u0643\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0644\u0651\u0648\u0627 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0628 \u0631\u0641\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0645\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0637\u0648\u0631\u064a\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0642\u0629.<br \/>\n<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.worldhistory.org\/Media\/\" title=\"4|Media|World History Encyclopedia|2024\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[4]<\/a><\/sup>\n<\/p>\n<h2>\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0637\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0645\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 (550 \u2013 330 \u0642.\u0645)<\/h2>\n<h3>\u0643\u0648\u0631\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u062a\u0623\u0633\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0637\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649<\/h3>\n<p>\n\u064a\u064f\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0631\u062e\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0643\u0648\u0631\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a 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\u062a\u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u0647 \u0645\u064f\u062d\u0631\u0651\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0627 \u0641\u0627\u062a\u062d\u0627\u064b.<br \/>\n<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ibelieveinsci.com\/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D9%85%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B7%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%81%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%AE-%D9%85%D9%88%D8%AC%D8%B2\" title=\"5|\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0637\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0631\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0632|ibelieveinsci|2024\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[5]<\/a><\/sup><br \/>\n\u0648\u064a\u064f\u0639\u062f\u0651 \u0645\u0631\u0633\u0648\u0645 \u0643\u0648\u0631\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0639\u0627\u0645 538 \u0642.\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0627\u062d \u0644\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0641\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0628\u0644 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href=\"https:\/\/www.alalamalan.com\/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D9%85%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B7%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%81%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%A9-550%D9%82-%D9%85-651%D9%85\/\" title=\"10|\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0637\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0631\u0633\u064a\u0629|\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0646|2025\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[10]<\/a><\/sup>\n<\/p>\n<h2>\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0637\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u2014 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0631\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0636\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631\u0629 (224 \u2013 651 \u0645)<\/h2>\n<h3>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0633\u064a\u0633 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0631\u0633\u064a<\/h3>\n<p>\n\u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 224 \u0645 \u0642\u0627\u062f 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href=\"https:\/\/arabicpost.net\/%D8%AB%D9%82%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%A9\/2020\/01\/23\/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%84%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D9%85%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B7%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%B3\/\" title=\"11|\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629|\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0628\u0648\u0633\u062a|2020\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[11]<\/a><\/sup>\n<\/p>\n<h3>\u0630\u0631\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0636\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0647\u062f \u062e\u0633\u0631\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644<\/h3>\n<p>\n\u064a\u064f\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0631\u062e\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0639\u0647\u062f \u062e\u0633\u0631\u0648 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rel=\"noopener\">[12]<\/a><\/sup>\n<\/p>\n<h2>\u0627\u0644\u0632\u0631\u0627\u062f\u0634\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u2014 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0634\u0643\u0651\u0644\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629<\/h2>\n<p>\n\u062a\u064f\u0639\u062f\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0631\u0627\u062f\u0634\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0639\u0645\u0642 \u0625\u0633\u0647\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0636\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0631\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062c\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0623\u0628\u0639\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u062b\u0631\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0625\u0630 \u064a\u064f\u0631\u062c\u0651\u062d \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062d\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0634\u0628\u0647 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href=\"https:\/\/mawdoo3.com\/%D8%AA%D8%B9%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%81_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%B6%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%81%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%A9\" title=\"15|\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0636\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0631\u0633\u064a\u0629|\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639|2024\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[15]<\/a><\/sup>\n<\/p>\n<h2>\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a<\/h2>\n<p>\n\u0623\u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0645\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0627\u064b \u064a\u064f\u0639\u062f\u0651 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0631\u0642\u0649 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645\u060c \u0625\u0630 \u0648\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0627 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\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629\u064b. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0644\u0647\u0645\u062a <a href=\"https:\/\/cosmalore.com\/ar\/2026\/07\/27\/the-roman-empire\/\" class=\"cl-auto-link\" title=\"\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0637\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\">\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0637\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629<\/a> \u0644\u0627\u062d\u0642\u0627\u064b \u0634\u064a\u0626\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u064f\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062b\u0642\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0628\u062f\u0623 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\u064a\u064f\u0639\u064a\u0642 \u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642.<br \/>\n<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.marefa.org\/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D9%85%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B7%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%A3%D9%84%D8%A3%D8%AE%D9%85%D9%8A%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A9\" title=\"8|\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0637\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0645\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629|\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629|2024\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[8]<\/a><\/sup>\n<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>\n  \u0623\u0646\u0627 \u0643\u0648\u0631\u0634\u060c \u0645\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0638\u064a\u0645\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0644\u0643 \u0628\u0627\u0628\u0644\u060c \u0645\u0644\u0643 \u0633\u0648\u0645\u0631 \u0648\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u060c \u0645\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639\u2026 \u0644\u0646 \u0623\u0633\u0645\u062d \u0644\u0623\u062d\u062f \u0628\u0642\u0647\u0631 \u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0648\u0625\u0631\u0647\u0627\u0628\u0647\u0645.<br \/>\n  <strong>\u2014 \u0646\u0635 \u0627\u0633\u0637\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0643\u0648\u0631\u0634\u060c 539 \u0642.\u0645\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0644\u0646\u062f\u0646<\/strong>\n<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<h2>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0629<\/h2>\n<p>\n\u0627\u062a\u0643\u0623\u062a \u062b\u0631\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0637\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0631\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0648\u0638\u0651\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0645\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0623\u062b\u0642\u0644 \u062e\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0646 \u0639\u0631\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0646. \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0645\u0635\u0631 \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0636\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0636\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0631\u0633\u064a \u062a\u064f\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0641\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0636 \u0632\u0631\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0636\u062e\u0645\u0629 \u062a\u0635\u0628\u0651 \u0641\u064a \u062e\u0632\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0633\u0648\u0633\u0627 \u0648\u0628\u0631\u0633\u064a\u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0633\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0651\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0627 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u064f\u0634\u0643\u0651\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0623\u0641\u0631\u0632 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0631\u0648\u064a \u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629\u064b \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0629\u064b \u0641\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0635\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0640&#8221;\u0634\u0644\u0644 \u0631\u0623\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644&#8221;\u060c \u0625\u0630 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0647\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0636\u0629 \u062a\u064f\u0643\u0646\u0632 \u0641\u064a \u062e\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0631\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u062a\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u064f\u0641\u0633\u0651\u0631 \u062c\u0632\u0626\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0627\u0644\u0634\u063a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0644\u0646\u0633\u062a\u064a \u0628\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0632 \u0641\u0627\u0631\u0633 \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0635\u0641 \u0646\u0647\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0643\u0646\u062f\u0631 \u0644\u062e\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0646 \u0633\u0648\u0633\u0627 \u0648\u0628\u0631\u0633\u064a\u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0627 \u0634\u063a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0631\u062e\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0627\u0621.<br \/>\n<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.worldhistory.org\/achaemenid_empire\/\" title=\"2|Achaemenid Empire|World History Encyclopedia|2024\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[2]<\/a><\/sup><br \/>\n\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u060c \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0637\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0631\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0634\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0646\u064e \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0635\u0631\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0645\u062d\u0637\u0629\u064b \u0625\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0631\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u062d\u0648\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0636\u0645\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0637\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643\u064a \u0623\u0645\u0646\u064e \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b \u0645\u062d\u0637\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0645\u062a\u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a 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\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0633\u0648\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0648\u0633\u0637\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u064f\u062b\u0628\u062a \u0648\u062b\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0635\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0645\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628 \u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0622\u0633\u064a\u0627.<br \/>\n<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.albayan.ae\/paths\/books\/2008-04-13-1.602288\" title=\"16|\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0633 \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u062c|\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646|2008\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[16]<\/a><\/sup>\n<\/p>\n<h2>\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0642\u0648\u0637 \u0648\u0628\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0635\u0631 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f<\/h2>\n<p>\n\u062c\u0627\u0621 \u0633\u0642\u0648\u0637 <a href=\"https:\/\/cosmalore.com\/ar\/2026\/07\/27\/sasanian-empire\/\" class=\"cl-auto-link\" title=\"\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0637\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\">\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0637\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629<\/a> \u0639\u0627\u0645 651 \u0645 \u062e\u062a\u0627\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0644\u062d\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u063a\u0631\u0642\u062a \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 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href=\"https:\/\/cosmalore.com\/ar\/2026\/07\/27\/sasanian-empire\/\" class=\"cl-auto-link\" title=\"\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0637\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\">\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0637\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629<\/a> \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0645\u0637\u0644\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0625\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0643 \u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0634\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0623\u0641\u0631\u0632\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u0632\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0628\u064a\u0632\u0646\u0637\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628\u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0628\u0644\u063a\u062a 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\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0644\u062a \u0628\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0625\u0631\u062b\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 <a href=\"https:\/\/cosmalore.com\/ar\/2026\/08\/03\/a-global-civilization-founded\/\" class=\"cl-auto-link\" title=\"\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0636\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629\">\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0636\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629<\/a> \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0639\u0628\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0648\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0633\u0628\u0642 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0636\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0631\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0639\u0628\u062a \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0636\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0642\u062f\u0651\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0651\u0627\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0633 \u0644\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0634\u0626\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u063a\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c\u064e \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0623\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c\u062a \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0625\u0645\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0637\u0648\u0631\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0636\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0631\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0631\u0627\u0641\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0623\u0632\u0647\u0649 \u0639\u0635\u0648\u0631 <a href=\"https:\/\/cosmalore.com\/ar\/2026\/08\/03\/a-global-civilization-founded\/\" class=\"cl-auto-link\" title=\"\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0636\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629\">\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0636\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629<\/a>.<br \/>\n<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/cultureofpersia.com\/historycivilization\/persian-empire\/\" title=\"17|\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0637\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0631\u0633\u064a\u0629|\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f \u0641\u0627\u0631\u0633|2021\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[17]<\/a><\/sup>\n<\/p>\n<h2>\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0631\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0636\u0627\u0631\u064a<\/h2>\n<p>\n\u064a\u0645\u062a\u062f\u0651 \u0625\u0631\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0636\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0631\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0644 \u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0648\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0636\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0642\u0629. \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0639\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a\u0629 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\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0636\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u064a\u0628\u0642\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0631\u0633\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0644\u063a\u0627\u062a <a href=\"https:\/\/cosmalore.com\/ar\/2026\/08\/03\/a-global-civilization-founded\/\" class=\"cl-auto-link\" title=\"\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0636\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629\">\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0636\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629<\/a> \u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642\u0627\u064b \u0634\u0627\u0647\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0631\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u064a\u0642\u060c \u0625\u0630 \u0627\u0643\u062a\u0633\u062d\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0631\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0649 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 \u0623\u062f\u0628\u0627\u064b \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0648\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629\u064b \u0648\u0634\u0639\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0625\u0646 \u062d\u0644\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u062d\u0644\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0631\u0627\u062f\u0634\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u064a\u0646\u0627\u064b \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0631\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0638\u0644\u0651\u062a \u0644\u0642\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0644\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0642\u064a \u0641\u064a <a href=\"https:\/\/cosmalore.com\/ar\/2026\/08\/03\/a-global-civilization-founded\/\" class=\"cl-auto-link\" title=\"\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0636\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629\">\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0636\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629<\/a>.<br \/>\n<sup class=\"ref\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.2thar.com\/2023\/11\/Persian-civilization.html\" title=\"18|\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0636\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0631\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0629|\u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631|2023\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[18]<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0623\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u0625\u0645\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0637\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1317,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[2,3,6],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1314","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-history","category-ancient-history","category-civilizations"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/cosmalore.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1314","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/cosmalore.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/cosmalore.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cosmalore.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cosmalore.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1314"}],"version-history":[{"count":7,"href":"https:\/\/cosmalore.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1314\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1496,"href":"https:\/\/cosmalore.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1314\/revisions\/1496"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cosmalore.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1317"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/cosmalore.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1314"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cosmalore.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1314"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cosmalore.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1314"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}