{"id":1306,"date":"2026-08-03T01:37:51","date_gmt":"2026-08-03T01:37:51","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/cosmalore.com\/ar\/?p=1306"},"modified":"2026-08-04T00:05:09","modified_gmt":"2026-08-04T00:05:09","slug":"sumerian-civilisation","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/cosmalore.com\/ar\/2026\/08\/03\/sumerian-civilisation\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0636\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0629"},"content":{"rendered":"

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\n[1]<\/a><\/sup>\n<\/p>\n

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\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n\u0643\u0644\u0627\u0645 (Kalam) \u2014 “\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636” \u0623\u0648 “\u0623\u0631\u0636 \u0630\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0624\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0621”<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
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\u0639\u0635\u0631 \u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0643<\/td>\n4100 \u2013 2900 \u0642.\u0645<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
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\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0643\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062b\u0631\u064a<\/td>\n\u0645\u0646\u062a\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0633\u0639 \u0639\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062f\u064a\u060c \u0628\u0648\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0647\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0646\u0649<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/table>\n
COSMALORE \u00b7 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0633\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

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\n[2]<\/a><\/sup>
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\n[2]<\/a><\/sup>\n<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0623\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0648\u0644<\/h2>\n

\u0644\u063a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0645\u0631\u064a<\/h3>\n

\n\u064a\u064f\u0639\u062f\u0651 \u0623\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0645\u0631\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0625\u062b\u0646\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0648\u0644\u063a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0639\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0627\u062a \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645\u060c \u0625\u0630 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0632\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u064a\u062a\u062c\u0627\u062f\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u062d\u0648\u0644\u0647 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u062a\u0648\u0635\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639. \u0641\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0648\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062a\u064f\u0635\u0646\u064e\u0651\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0648\u0635\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u063a\u0629\u064b \u0645\u0639\u0632\u0648\u0644\u0629 (Language Isolate)\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0646\u062a\u0645\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u063a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0648\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0635 \u0623\u064a \u0635\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0623\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u063a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0632\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0625\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0645\u0631\u064a \u0639\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646 \u0623\u0645\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0633\u064a\u0631\u0627\u064b. \u0648\u062a\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0648\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0631\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0645\u0631\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0627 \u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0644\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0627 \u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0627 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0636\u0627\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u064a\u0631\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u0642\u062f\u0645\u0648\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u062c\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u062c\u0647\u0648\u0644 \u0631\u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0634\u0631\u0642\u0627\u064b \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u0627\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635\u0648\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u062f\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u0635\u0644 \u0645\u0627\u0626\u064a.
\n[3]<\/a><\/sup>
\n\u0648\u0642\u062f \u0645\u0647\u0651\u062f \u0644\u0638\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0636\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629\u064c \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u062a\u064f\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0628\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u064a\u062f (Ubaid Culture) \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0632\u062f\u0647\u0631\u062a \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0646\u062d\u0648 5500 \u06484100 \u0642.\u0645\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0645\u062b\u0651\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0636\u062c\u0629. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0623\u0633\u0633 \u0634\u0639\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u064a\u062f\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u0649 \u0643\u0623\u0648\u0631 \u0648\u0646\u064a\u0628\u0648\u0631 \u0648\u0625\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0648 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0646\u062f\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u064a\u0627\u0646\u064d \u062d\u0636\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0634\u0647\u062f\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0641\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062e\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0628\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0637\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0633\u062a\u063a\u062f\u0648 \u0644\u0627\u062d\u0642\u0627\u064b \u0633\u0645\u0629\u064b \u062d\u0636\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0629 \u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0641\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0644\u0647. \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0645\u0631\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u0645 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0627 \u0628\u062a\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0632 \u0623\u0635\u0648\u0644\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0635\u0648\u0635\u0647\u0645\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0646\u0635\u0631\u0641\u0648\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0647\u0648\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0636\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0636\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0644 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0634 \u0628\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0627\u0637\u0645\u0626\u0646\u0627\u0646\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0630\u0647\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0626\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0631\u0636\u0647\u0645.
\n[4]<\/a><\/sup>\n<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u064a\u062f\u064a \u0648\u0639\u0635\u0631 \u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0643 (5000 \u2013 2900 \u0642.\u0645)<\/h3>\n

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\n[2]<\/a><\/sup>
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\n[4]<\/a><\/sup>\n<\/p>\n

\u0639\u0635\u0631 \u0641\u062c\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a (2900 \u2013 2350 \u0642.\u0645)<\/h3>\n

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\n[5]<\/a><\/sup>
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\n[2]<\/a><\/sup>\n<\/p>\n

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\n[6]<\/a><\/sup>
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\n[7]<\/a><\/sup>\n<\/p>\n

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\n[8]<\/a><\/sup>
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\n[4]<\/a><\/sup>\n<\/p>\n

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\n[3]<\/a><\/sup>
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\n[9]<\/a><\/sup>\n<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0645\u0631\u064a<\/h3>\n

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\n[4]<\/a><\/sup>
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\n[3]<\/a><\/sup>\n<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0637\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629<\/h2>\n

\n\u062a\u064f\u0645\u062b\u0651\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062b\u0642\u0629 \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0645\u064a\u0651\u0632\u062a \u0628\u062b\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0637\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0642\u064a\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u0647\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u064a\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0642\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0646\u0649 \u0648\u0645\u0627 \u0648\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0647. \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0646\u062b\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0645\u0631\u064a \u064a\u0636\u0645 \u0645\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u0647\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u062f\u0631\u062c \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0631\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d\u0629\u061b \u064a\u062a\u0635\u062f\u0651\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0647 \u0623\u0646\u0648 (An) \u0625\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0631\u0645\u0632\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0642\u0629\u060c \u062b\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0647 \u0625\u0646\u0644\u064a\u0644 (Enlil) \u0633\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062d \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641 \u0648\u0625\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u064f\u062c\u0633\u0651\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0634\u0624\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0625\u0646\u0643\u064a (Enki) \u0625\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0630\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0635\u0627\u062d\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u064f\u0639\u062f\u0651 \u0648\u0644\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0636\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0625\u0646\u0627\u0646\u0627 (Inanna) \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u062b\u0649 \u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0625\u0644\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0633\u062a\u064f\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0644\u0627\u062d\u0642\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0639\u0634\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u0641\u0631\u0648\u062f\u064a\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u063a\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0641\u064a\u0646\u0648\u0633 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629.
\n[2]<\/a><\/sup>
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\n[10]<\/a><\/sup>\n<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0632\u0642\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a<\/h2>\n

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\n[4]<\/a><\/sup>
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\n[11]<\/a><\/sup>\n<\/p>\n

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\n[4]<\/a><\/sup>\n<\/p>\n

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\n[12]<\/a><\/sup>
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\n[5]<\/a><\/sup>\n<\/p>\n

\n \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u064a\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0645\u0646 \u0633\u0648\u0645\u0631\u060c \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0633\u0651\u0633\u0648\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0636\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0646\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0647\u0627.
\n \u2014 \u0635\u0627\u0645\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0646\u0648\u062d \u0643\u0631\u064a\u0645\u0631\u060c “\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u064a\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0645\u0646 \u0633\u0648\u0645\u0631”\u060c 1956<\/strong>\n<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0636\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0632\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062f\u064a<\/h2>\n

\u0633\u0631\u062c\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062f\u064a \u0648\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0645\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0637\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e<\/h3>\n

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\n[5]<\/a><\/sup>\n<\/p>\n

\u0623\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0636\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0629 (2112 \u2013 2004 \u0642.\u0645)<\/h3>\n

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\n[2]<\/a><\/sup>\n<\/p>\n

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\n[13]<\/a><\/sup>
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\n[1]<\/a><\/sup>\n<\/p>\n

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\n[4]<\/a><\/sup>
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\n[14]<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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