{"id":1231,"date":"2026-08-03T01:13:13","date_gmt":"2026-08-03T01:13:13","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/cosmalore.com\/ar\/?p=1231"},"modified":"2026-08-03T01:13:41","modified_gmt":"2026-08-03T01:13:41","slug":"ottoman-safavid-wars","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/cosmalore.com\/ar\/2026\/08\/03\/ottoman-safavid-wars\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u0648\u064a\u0629"},"content":{"rendered":"

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\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0647\u062f\u0629 \u0642\u0635\u0631 \u0634\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0646 (\u0632\u0647\u0627\u0628)<\/td>\n17 \u0645\u0627\u064a\u0648 1639\u060c \u0631\u0633\u0651\u0645\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0646\u062d\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/table>\n
COSMALORE \u00b7 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0633\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0628<\/h2>\n

\u0635\u0639\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0630\u0647\u0628\u064a<\/h3>\n

\n\u0646\u0634\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u0648\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0635\u0639\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0647 \u0625\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0623\u0633\u0633 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0641 \u0648\u062b\u064a\u0642 \u0645\u0639 \u0642\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0635\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0634\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u064f\u0631\u0641\u062a \u0628\u0640”\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0632\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0634”\u060c \u0648\u0641\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0630\u0647\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0646\u064a \u0639\u0634\u0631\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0645\u0630\u0647\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0645\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0631\u0639\u0627\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0630\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0623\u062b\u0627\u0631 \u0631\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0639\u0646\u064a\u0641\u0629\u060c \u062e\u0635\u0648\u0635\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u0649 \u0643\u062a\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0632 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0629
\n[2]<\/a><\/sup>.
\n\u0648\u0642\u062f \u0631\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0630\u0647\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0633\u0631\u064a \u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0646\u0641 \u0645\u0648\u062b\u0642\u0629 \u0634\u0645\u0644\u062a \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u0648\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0628\u063a\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0639\u0627\u0645 1508 \u0648\u0647\u062f\u0645\u0647\u0645 \u0644\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0631 \u0623\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0623\u0647\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0630\u0628\u062d\u0647\u0645 \u0639\u062f\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0626\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0632\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0641\u0636\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0632\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u0643\u0631\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u062d\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0633\u064a\u0637\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0647 \u0625\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u062a\u0647\u062f\u064a\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0634\u0631\u0639\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0635\u0641\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u062d\u0645\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0630\u0647\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0628\u0623\u0633\u0631\u0647
\n[3]<\/a><\/sup>.\n<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0632\u0627\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0644\u0629<\/h3>\n

\n\u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0627\u0626\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u064a\u0642\u060c \u062a\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0641\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0634\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0637\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0636\u0648\u0644 \u0648\u0623\u0630\u0631\u0628\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0641\u062f\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u062a\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0628\u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628\u060c \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0631\u0623\u0633\u0647\u0627 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0631\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0645\u0631 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u062a\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0632 \u0648\u062d\u0644\u0628 \u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u0648\u0631\u0635\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u063a\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0636\u0648\u0644
\n[2]<\/a><\/sup>.
\n\u0648\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0648\u062a\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062d\u0627\u062f \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0631\u0641\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0647 \u0625\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0644 \u062a\u0647\u0646\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0646 \u0633\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u062a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1512\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0623\u0631\u0633\u0644 \u0648\u0641\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0636\u062e\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0648\u0643\u064a \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0635\u0648\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0648\u0631\u064a \u062f\u0627\u0639\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0625\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0641 \u0636\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0641\u064a \u062e\u0637\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0632\u0627\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0636\u0639\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0646 \u0633\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u062e\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u062d\u064a\u062f \u0647\u0648 \u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u0627\u0633\u0645\u0629
\n[3]<\/a><\/sup>.
\n\u0648\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u062a\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0647 \u0634\u0631\u0642\u064b\u0627\u060c \u062a\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0646 \u0633\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0631\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u062a\u0647\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0647 \u0625\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0644\u060c \u0623\u0631\u0633\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u062d\u062f\u0627\u0647\u0627 \u062e\u0631\u0642\u0629 \u062f\u0631\u0648\u064a\u0634 \u0648\u0645\u0633\u0628\u062d\u0629 \u0648\u0639\u0635\u0627 \u062a\u0630\u0643\u0651\u0631\u0647 \u0628\u0623\u0635\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0641\u064a\u060c \u0641\u0631\u062f\u0651 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0647 \u0628\u0625\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0630\u0647\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u064a\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0633\u0627\u062e\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u062e\u0637\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0646 \u0643\u064f\u062a\u0628 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0644\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0643\u0633\u062a \u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0639\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0645\u0629
\n[4]<\/a><\/sup>.\n<\/p>\n

\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u062c\u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646 (1514)<\/h2>\n

\n\u0641\u064a \u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633 1514\u060c \u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0646 \u0633\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0643\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0631\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0623\u062f\u0631\u0646\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u064a\u0647 \u062d\u0645\u0632\u0629 \u0623\u0641\u0646\u062f\u064a \u0641\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u062f\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0637\u0627\u0626\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u0648\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0642\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0641\u062a \u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0648\u062c\u0648\u0628 \u0642\u062a\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0641\u062d\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0641\u0648\u064a\u0636 \u062f\u064a\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0644\u062e\u0648\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628
\n[5]<\/a><\/sup>.
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\n[6]<\/a><\/sup>.
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\n[7]<\/a><\/sup>.
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\n[4]<\/a><\/sup>.
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\n[8]<\/a><\/sup>.
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\n[8]<\/a><\/sup>.
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\n[4]<\/a><\/sup>.\n<\/p>\n

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\n[9]<\/a><\/sup>.
\n\u0648\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0627\u0639 \u0628\u062a\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0639 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0647\u062f\u0629 \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0633\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0627\u064a\u0648 1555 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0646 \u0633\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0647 \u0637\u0647\u0645\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0647\u062f\u0629 \u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u062a\u064f\u0628\u0631\u0645 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0631\u0633\u0651\u0645\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0646\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0628\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0648\u063a\u0631\u0628 \u062c\u0648\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0623\u0631\u0645\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u060c \u0641\u0642\u0633\u0651\u0645\u062a \u0623\u0631\u0645\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0648\u064a \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0625\u0630 \u0633\u064a\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0642\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0633\u060c \u0641\u0636\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u062a\u0642\u0633\u064a\u0645 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0643\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0634\u0647\u0631\u0632\u0648\u0631 \u0648\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0635 \u0648\u0628\u0627\u064a\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0633\u0633\u062a \u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u062a \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0639\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u064b\u0627
\n[10]<\/a><\/sup>.\n<\/p>\n

\u062d\u0631\u0628 1578-1590 \u0648\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0647\u062f\u0629 \u0625\u0633\u0637\u0646\u0628\u0648\u0644<\/h2>\n

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\n[11]<\/a><\/sup>.
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\n[1]<\/a><\/sup>.\n<\/p>\n

\u062d\u0631\u0628 1603-1618 \u0648\u0639\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u062e\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u0648\u064a<\/h2>\n

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\u062d\u0631\u0628 1623-1639 \u0648\u0641\u062a\u062d \u0628\u063a\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0626\u064a<\/h2>\n

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\n[9]<\/a><\/sup>.
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\n[12]<\/a><\/sup>.
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\n[12]<\/a><\/sup>.\n<\/p>\n

\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0647\u062f\u0629 \u0642\u0635\u0631 \u0634\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u062a\u0631\u0633\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629<\/h2>\n

\n\u0639\u0642\u0628 \u0641\u062a\u062d \u0628\u063a\u062f\u0627\u062f\u060c \u0631\u063a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u0648\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0625\u064a\u0642\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062a\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0641\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u062d \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0634\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0632\u0644 \u0644\u0647 \u0639\u0646 \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u064a\u0631\u064a\u0641\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0628\u063a\u062f\u0627\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0648\u0636\u0627\u062a \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0639\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0634\u0647\u0631 \u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629\u060c \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u0644 \u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642 \u0646\u0647\u0627\u0626\u064a
\n[12]<\/a><\/sup>.
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\n[13]<\/a><\/sup>.
\n\u0648\u0642\u062f \u0628\u0642\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0647\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0633 \u0644\u0647 \u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062c\u064a\u0632\u0629 \u0644\u0627\u062d\u0642\u064b\u0627\u060c \u062e\u0635\u0648\u0635\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0647\u062f \u0646\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0634\u0627\u0647 \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u062e\u0633\u0631\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0646\u0647\u0627\u0626\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0639\u0642\u0627\u0628 \u0647\u0632\u064a\u0645\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649<\/a> \u0639\u0627\u0645 1918
\n[9]<\/a><\/sup>.\n<\/p>\n

\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0648\u0628 \u0648\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627<\/h2>\n

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\n[14]<\/a><\/sup>.
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