{"id":1099,"date":"2026-08-03T00:43:18","date_gmt":"2026-08-03T00:43:18","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/cosmalore.com\/ar\/?p=1099"},"modified":"2026-08-08T00:45:16","modified_gmt":"2026-08-08T00:45:16","slug":"farewanl","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/cosmalore.com\/ar\/2026\/08\/03\/farewanl\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629"},"content":{"rendered":"

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\u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0627<\/td>\n8 \u0645\u0627\u064a\u0648 1945 (\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0627 VE Day)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0643<\/td>\n2 \u0633\u0628\u062a\u0645\u0628\u0631 1945 (\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u0646 VJ Day)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0622\u0644\u0627\u062a<\/td>\n\u0627\u0646\u0647\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0645\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0641\u064a\u062a\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062a\u0623\u0633\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629<\/a>\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0648\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0629<\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/table>\n
COSMALORE \u00b7 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0633\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n

\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0630\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0628<\/h2>\n

\u0625\u0631\u062b \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0647\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u0631\u0633\u0627\u064a<\/h3>\n

\n\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0639\u0632\u0644 \u0639\u0646 \u0633\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0631\u062e\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0639\u062f\u064f\u0651\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u062d\u0631\u0628\u0627\u064b \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0645\u0624\u0642\u062a\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u0645\u062a \u0639\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0646. \u0641\u0641\u064a \u064a\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0648 1919\u060c \u0648\u0642\u064e\u0651\u0639\u062a \u0623\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0632\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0647\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u0631\u0633\u0627\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0641\u0631\u0636\u062a \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0634\u0631\u0648\u0637\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0633\u0648\u0629: \u062e\u0633\u0631\u062a \u0628\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0628\u0647\u0627 12.5% \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u064812% \u0645\u0646 \u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a 15% \u0645\u0646 \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0639\u064a \u064810% \u0645\u0646 \u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0647\u0627\u060c \u064874% \u0645\u0646 \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f
\n[1]<\/a><\/sup>.
\n\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0648\u0629\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0623\u064f\u0644\u0632\u0645\u062a \u0623\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627 \u0628\u0633\u062f\u0627\u062f \u062a\u0639\u0648\u064a\u0636\u0627\u062a \u0647\u0627\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0621 \u0642\u064f\u062f\u0650\u0651\u0631\u062a \u0628\u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0648\u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0631 (\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644 \u0645\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645)\u060c \u0648\u062e\u064f\u0641\u0650\u0651\u0636 \u062c\u064a\u0634\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0626\u0629 \u0623\u0644\u0641 \u062c\u0646\u062f\u064a \u0628\u062d\u0638\u0631 \u0635\u0631\u064a\u062d \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0645\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0643 \u0633\u0644\u0627\u062d \u062c\u0648 \u0648\u063a\u0648\u064e\u0651\u0627\u0635\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062f\u0628\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a. \u0648\u0641\u0631\u0636\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0647\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627 \u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644 “\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 231” \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0647\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062d\u0645\u064e\u0651\u0644\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0633\u0645\u064e\u0651\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u064f\u063a\u0650\u0644\u064e\u0651 \u0644\u0627\u062d\u0642\u0627\u064b \u0623\u0628\u0634\u0639 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u063a\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0632\u064a. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0623\u062b\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u062c\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0627\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0643\u064a\u0646\u0632 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0648\u0641 \u0628\u0646\u0628\u0627\u0647\u0629 \u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0647 “\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645” \u0639\u0627\u0645 1919 \u0645\u062a\u0646\u0628\u0626\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0623\u0646 \u0634\u0631\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0647\u062f\u0629 \u0633\u062a\u064f\u0639\u064a\u062f \u0625\u0634\u0639\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0639\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064e\u0651\u0642 \u062d\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0627\u064b.\n<\/p>\n

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\n\u0636\u0627\u0639\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0633\u0627\u062f\u064f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1929 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0638\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064e \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0632\u0627\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0636\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0631\u0641\u0629. \u0628\u0644\u063a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627 \u0630\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1932 \u0628\u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0633\u062a\u0629 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0637\u0644\u060c \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a \u0648\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0643\u062a\u0648\u062a \u0628\u062a\u0636\u062e\u0645 \u0639\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062b\u0645 \u0628\u0631\u0643\u0648\u062f \u0639\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u063a\u0636\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0642\u062f \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f. \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0623\u0633 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0628\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0648\u062c\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0632\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0643\u064a (\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0632\u064a) \u0628\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0623\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0641 \u0647\u062a\u0644\u0631 \u0623\u0631\u0636\u0627\u064b \u062e\u0635\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0639 \u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0629\u061b \u0641\u0627\u0633\u062a\u063a\u0644 \u062e\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0636\u062e\u064a\u0645 “\u0637\u0639\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0629” \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u0639\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0625\u0644\u0635\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0630\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0648\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0633\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0639\u0641\u0627\u0621
\n[2]<\/a><\/sup>.
\n\u0648\u0641\u064a \u064a\u0646\u0627\u064a\u0631 1933\u060c \u0639\u064f\u064a\u0650\u0651\u0646 \u0647\u062a\u0644\u0631 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0623\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0641\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0632 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u0634\u0647\u0631 \u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0643\u0644 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629 \u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0644\u064a\u0642\u0648\u0650\u0651\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u064a\u064f\u0631\u0633\u064a \u062d\u0643\u0645\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0648\u0644\u064a.\n<\/p>\n

\n\u0648\u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u0643\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627\u061b \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646\u064a\u062a\u0648 \u0645\u0648\u0633\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0646\u064a \u0642\u062f \u0623\u0633\u064e\u0651\u0633 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0634\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0625\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627 \u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1922 \u0645\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062e\u0637\u0627\u0628 \u0642\u0648\u0645\u064a \u0645\u0645\u0627\u062b\u0644 \u064a\u064f\u062d\u064a\u064a \u0623\u0645\u062c\u0627\u062f \u0631\u0648\u0645\u0627 \u0648\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0628\u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 “\u0628\u062d\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0625\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u064b”. \u0648\u0641\u064a \u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628 \u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0622\u0633\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u062f \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0637\u064e\u0651\u062a \u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1931 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0627\u064b \u062a\u0648\u0633\u0639\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0628\u063a\u0632\u0648 \u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0644\u064a\u0628\u0644\u063a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1937 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0632\u0627\u0639 \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0649 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u062e\u0645\u0633\u0629 \u0639\u0634\u0631 \u0648\u0639\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0636\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0635\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628.\n<\/p>\n

\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0646\u0647\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a<\/h3>\n

\n\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u062a \u0628\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u0627 \u0637\u0645\u0648\u062d\u0627\u062a\u0650 \u0647\u062a\u0644\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0636\u0627\u0621 (Appeasement)\u060c \u0622\u0645\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u064a \u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u062f\u0641\u0639\u062a \u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0627 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u062b\u0645\u0646\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0627\u0647\u0638\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u064f\u0637\u064a\u0642 \u062a\u0643\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0647. \u0648\u0628\u0644\u063a\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0630\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u064a\u0648\u0646\u064a\u062e \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0628\u062a\u0645\u0628\u0631 1938\u060c \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0633\u0645\u062d\u062a \u0628\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u0627 \u0644\u0647\u062a\u0644\u0631 \u0628\u0636\u0645 \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u062f\u064a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0641\u0627\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u062a\u0639\u0647\u062f\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u060c \u0648\u0648\u0635\u0641 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0646\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0644 \u062a\u0634\u0645\u0628\u0631\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0624\u0644 \u0645\u062e\u0627\u062f\u0639 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629\u064e \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u0646\u064a “\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0646\u0627”. \u0628\u064a\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u0647\u062a\u0644\u0631 \u0633\u0627\u0631\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633 1939 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0628\u0642\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0634\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0641\u0627\u0643\u064a\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0634\u0641\u0627\u064b \u0632\u064a\u0641 \u0648\u0639\u0648\u062f\u0647\u060c \u062b\u0645 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0646 \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0635\u0631\u064a\u062d\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0623\u0646 \u0628\u0648\u0644\u0646\u062f\u0627 \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0636\u0637\u0631 \u0628\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646 \u0628\u0648\u0644\u0646\u062f\u0627\u060c \u0644\u064a\u062a\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u064f\u0641\u0636\u0650 \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0634\u062c\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062a\u062f\u064a \u0648\u062a\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0629.\n<\/p>\n<\/section>\n

\n

\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0648\u0633\u064a\u0637\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631 (1939-1941)<\/h2>\n

\u063a\u0632\u0648 \u0628\u0648\u0644\u0646\u062f\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629<\/h3>\n

\n\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0633\u0628\u062a\u0645\u0628\u0631 1939\u060c \u0634\u0646\u064e\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 “\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0636\u0627\u0621” \u0628\u063a\u0632\u0648\u0647 \u0644\u0628\u0648\u0644\u0646\u062f\u0627 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u064b \u062a\u0643\u062a\u064a\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0641\u0629 (Blitzkrieg)\u061b \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0632\u064a\u062c \u0645\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0628\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0633\u0644\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u062c\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0631\u0643\u064e\u0651\u0632\u0629 \u062a\u064f\u0634\u0644\u064f\u0651 \u062e\u0637\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0642\u0648\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627. \u062f\u064f\u0643\u064e\u0651\u062a \u0645\u062f\u0646 \u0628\u0648\u0644\u0646\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0645\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0625\u0646\u0630\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0633\u0628\u0642\u060c \u0648\u0628\u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0645\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0633\u0628\u062a\u0645\u0628\u0631 1939 \u0633\u0642\u0637\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0648\u060c \u0644\u062a\u0646\u062a\u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0644\u0646\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0632\u0627\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0646\u0647\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0648\u0644\u0646\u062f\u0627 \u0627\u062c\u062a\u064a\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0641\u064a\u062a\u064a<\/a> \u0644\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0639\u0634\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0633\u0628\u062a\u0645\u0628\u0631 1939 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u0627\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0643\u0648\u0644 \u0633\u0631\u064a \u0623\u0644\u062d\u0642 \u0628\u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0641-\u0631\u064a\u0628\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0628 (\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u062b\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0641\u064a\u062a\u064a \u0644\u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0621) \u0641\u064a \u0623\u063a\u0633\u0637\u0633 1939\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0642\u0633\u064e\u0651\u0645 \u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0646\u0641\u0648\u0630 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u062a\u064a\u0646
\n[3]<\/a><\/sup>.
\n\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b \u0645\u0646 \u0633\u0628\u062a\u0645\u0628\u0631 1939\u060c \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0646\u062a \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0641\u0627\u0621\u064b \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0628\u0648\u0644\u0646\u062f\u0627\u060c \u0628\u064a\u062f \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0639\u062c\u0632\u062a\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u0625\u063a\u0627\u062b\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0627\u064b. \u0623\u064f\u0637\u0644\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u0645 “\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0648\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629” (Phoney War) \u0625\u0630 \u062a\u0648\u0642\u064e\u0651\u0641 \u0623\u064a \u0646\u0634\u0627\u0637 \u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a \u0628\u0631\u064a \u0645\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0633 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0628\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u0638\u0644\u064e\u0651\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0645\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0623\u063a\u0631\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 (U-boats) \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0626\u0629 \u0633\u0641\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0647\u0627.\n<\/p>\n

\u0633\u0642\u0648\u0637 \u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629<\/h3>\n

\n\u0641\u064a \u0623\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0644 1940 \u062f\u0627\u0647\u0645\u062a \u0623\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0643 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0631\u0648\u064a\u062c \u0641\u064a \u0648\u0642\u062a \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u060c \u0641\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0633\u0644\u0645\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062e\u0627\u0636\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629\u064b \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u062a \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0639 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0631. \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0645\u0627\u064a\u0648 1940\u060c \u0634\u0646\u064e\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 “\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062c\u0644” \u0644\u064a\u062c\u062a\u0627\u062d \u0628\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0643\u0627 \u0648\u0647\u0648\u0644\u0646\u062f\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0632\u064e\u0651\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0631\u062c\u0627\u0626\u0647\u0627\u060c \u062b\u0645 \u064a\u062e\u062a\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u064a\u0639\u062f\u064f\u0651\u0648\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0639\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0644\u064a\u0635\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0627\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0646\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a \u0648\u064a\u064f\u0637\u0648\u0650\u0651\u0642 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0645\u0626\u0629 \u0623\u0644\u0641 \u062c\u0646\u062f\u064a \u0628\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0645\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u062f\u0646\u0643\u064a\u0631\u0643. \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0645\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0637\u0627\u0631\u0626\u0629 \u0623\u064f\u0637\u0644\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 “\u0645\u0639\u062c\u0632\u0629 \u062f\u0646\u0643\u064a\u0631\u0643”\u060c \u0646\u062c\u062d\u062a \u0628\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u062c\u0644\u0627\u0621 338,226 \u062c\u0646\u062f\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0646\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062f\u0633 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0627\u064a\u0648 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u064a\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0648 1940\u060c \u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0650\u0645\u0629\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0645\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0633\u0641\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629
\n[4]<\/a><\/sup>.
\n\u0648\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u064a\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0648 1940 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0633\u0644\u0645\u062a \u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u0627 \u0648\u0648\u0642\u064e\u0651\u0639\u062a \u0647\u062f\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0630\u0644\u064e\u0651\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0630\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0634\u0647\u062f\u062a \u062a\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a 1918\u060c \u0641\u064a \u0625\u064a\u0645\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0631\u0645\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u0628\u064e\u0651\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0647\u062a\u0644\u0631 \u0628\u0639\u0646\u0627\u064a\u0629.\n<\/p>\n

\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0628\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627<\/h3>\n

\n\u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d\u062a \u0628\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u062d\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u0629 \u0643\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628\u0627\u064b \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0647\u064a\u0645\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631. \u0648\u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u064a\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0641\u0631\u062f \u0645\u062e\u0631\u062c\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0622\u062b\u0631 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0646\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0646 \u062a\u0634\u0631\u0634\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u0637\u0644\u0642 \u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0629 \u062e\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0646\u064e\u0651\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0631\u0633\u064e\u0651\u062e\u062a \u0625\u0631\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0645\u0648\u062f. \u0641\u064a \u0635\u064a\u0641 \u0648\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0641 1940\u060c \u0634\u0646\u064e\u0651 \u0633\u0644\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a (\u0644\u0648\u0641\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0647) \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627 \u0628\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u062a\u062d\u0637\u064a\u0645 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0633\u0644\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a (RAF) \u062a\u0645\u0647\u064a\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0632\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631\u064a “\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631\u064a”. \u0648\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0648\u0641\u0629 \u0628\u0640”\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0628\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627” (\u064a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0648 \u2013 \u0623\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0628\u0631 1940)\u060c \u062a\u0645\u0643\u064e\u0651\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0623\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0648\u062a\u0636\u062d\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062c\u0633\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0635\u062f\u0650\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062c\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0636\u0637\u0631\u064e\u0651 \u0647\u062a\u0644\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0627\u0641 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0623\u062c\u064a\u0644 \u062e\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0632\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0633\u0645\u0649. \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u064f\u0651\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0623\u0646 \u0623\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627 \u0623\u062e\u0637\u0623\u062a \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u062d\u0648\u064e\u0651\u0644\u062a \u063a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0633\u0644\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643\u064a -\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0647\u064a\u0627\u0631- \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0627 \u0633\u064f\u0645\u0650\u0651\u064a “\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u064a\u062a\u0632”\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646\u062d\u062a \u0633\u0644\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648 \u0628\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0645\u062a\u0646\u0641\u0633\u0627\u064b \u0623\u062a\u0627\u062d \u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0647.\n<\/p>\n

\n\u0644\u0646 \u0646\u0633\u062a\u0633\u0644\u0645 \u0623\u0628\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0648\u0644\u0646 \u0646\u062e\u0636\u0639\u060c \u0633\u0646\u0642\u0627\u062a\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u0627\u060c \u0633\u0646\u0642\u0627\u062a\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u064a\u0637\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0633\u0646\u0642\u0627\u062a\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u060c \u0633\u0646\u0642\u0627\u062a\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0648\u0627\u0631\u0639\u060c \u0633\u0646\u0642\u0627\u062a\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0646 \u0646\u0633\u062a\u0633\u0644\u0645 \u0642\u0637.
\n\u2014 \u0648\u0646\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0646 \u062a\u0634\u0631\u0634\u0644\u060c \u062e\u0637\u0627\u0628 \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a\u060c \u064a\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0648 1940<\/strong>\n<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646<\/h3>\n

\n\u0645\u062f\u064e\u0651\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0644\u0647\u064a\u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0627 \u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1940 \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0644\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0627 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0645\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u064a\u0639\u062b\u0631\u0648\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0647\u0645 \u0628\u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0648\u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0644\u0641 \u062c\u0646\u062f\u064a \u0628\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0646\u0648\u0644\u062b. \u0648\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0639 \u0647\u062a\u0644\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u062c\u062f\u0629 \u062d\u0644\u064a\u0641\u0647 \u0645\u0648\u0633\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0646\u064a \u0628\u0625\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0644\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0625\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0646 \u0631\u0648\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0627\u0634\u062a\u064f\u0647\u0631 \u0628\u0644\u0642\u0628 “\u062b\u0639\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0621”\u060c \u0641\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0631\u062a \u0642\u0648\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0634\u0643\u064e\u0651\u0644\u062a \u0644\u0633\u0646\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u062a\u0647\u062f\u064a\u062f \u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0642\u0646\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u064a\u0633 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0623\u0648\u0633\u0637\u064a. \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u060c \u062e\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0642\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0646\u0648\u0644\u062b \u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0643 \u0645\u0636\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u0628\u0631\u0632\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0628\u0631 \u0648\u0646\u0648\u0641\u0645\u0628\u0631 1942 \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u062d\u0637\u064e\u0651\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0631\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0645\u0648\u0646\u062a\u063a\u0648\u0645\u0631\u064a \u0648\u0642\u0648\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0623\u062c\u0628\u0631\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0633\u062d\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u060c \u0644\u064a\u064f\u0645\u062b\u0650\u0651\u0644 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u0648\u064f\u0651\u0644 \u0631\u0645\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0628\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629.\n<\/p>\n<\/section>\n

\n

\u062a\u0648\u0633\u064f\u0651\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u064b (1941-1942)<\/h2>\n

\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0631\u0628\u0631\u0648\u0633\u0627: \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0632\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0641\u064a\u062a\u064a<\/h3>\n

\n\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u064a\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0648 1941\u060c \u0623\u0637\u0644\u0642 \u0647\u062a\u0644\u0631 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0631\u0628\u0631\u0648\u0633\u0627\u061b \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0623\u0636\u062e\u0645 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0625\u0630 \u0627\u0646\u062f\u0641\u0639 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0645\u0626\u0629 \u0623\u0644\u0641 \u062c\u0646\u062f\u064a \u0623\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0648\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0637\u0648\u0644 \u062c\u0628\u0647\u0629 \u062a\u0645\u062a\u062f \u0623\u0644\u0641\u0627\u064b \u0648\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0645\u0626\u0629 \u0643\u064a\u0644\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0641\u064a\u062a\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062a\u062f\u0639\u0645\u0647\u0645 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0622\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u062f\u0628\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u0644\u0641\u0627 \u0648\u062e\u0645\u0633\u0645\u0626\u0629 \u0637\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0629
\n[5]<\/a><\/sup>.
\n\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0633\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0642\u062f \u062a\u0644\u0642\u064e\u0651\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0630\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0648\u062d\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0626\u0647 \u0628\u0634\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0632\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0634\u064a\u0643\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647 \u0623\u0635\u0631\u064e\u0651 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0631\u0641\u0636\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0622\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u062b\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0641\u064a\u062a\u064a. \u0648\u062d\u0642\u064e\u0651\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0630\u0647\u0644\u0629: \u0641\u062f\u0645\u064e\u0651\u0631\u062a \u0622\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0641\u064a\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0637\u0648\u064e\u0651\u0642\u062a \u0645\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0641\u064a\u062a \u0641\u064a “\u062c\u064a\u0648\u0628” \u0636\u062e\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0623\u062d\u0631\u0632\u062a \u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0644\u063a \u0623\u0644\u0641\u064a \u0643\u064a\u0644\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u063a\u0636\u0648\u0646 \u062e\u0645\u0633\u0629 \u0623\u0634\u0647\u0631. \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0633\u0645 \u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0645\u0645\u0627\u062b\u0644 \u0644\u0645\u0627 \u062c\u0631\u0649 \u0641\u064a \u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u0627 \u062a\u0628\u062e\u064e\u0651\u0631\u062a \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0641\u064a\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0636\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062a\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0647\u064e\u0651\u0632\u0629 \u0644\u0647 \u0625\u0630 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u064f\u0639\u0650\u062f\u064e\u0651 \u0647\u062a\u0644\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u062f\u0629\u064b \u0623\u0637\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0635\u064a\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f.\n<\/p>\n

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\n[6]<\/a><\/sup>.
\n\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0633\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0634\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0634 \u0628\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0648\u0633 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0641\u0628\u0631\u0627\u064a\u0631 1943 \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0628\u0642\u064e\u0651\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0633\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0644\u0641 \u062c\u0646\u062f\u064a \u0623\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0623\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0628\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0627\u0631\u0634\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0631\u0633\u0645\u062a \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0633\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0646\u063a\u0631\u0627\u062f \u062e\u0637\u0627\u064b \u0641\u0627\u0635\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0627 \u0631\u062c\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u062f\u0647: \u0642\u0628\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0623\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0628\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0639\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639 \u0644\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0641 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0633\u0642\u0648\u0637 \u0628\u0631\u0644\u064a\u0646.\n<\/p>\n

\u0647\u062c\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0644 \u0647\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631 \u0648\u062f\u062e\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629<\/h3>\n

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\n[3]<\/a><\/sup>.
\n\u0648\u0642\u062f \u0633\u0627\u0631\u0639 \u0647\u062a\u0644\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0639\u0634\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u062f\u064a\u0633\u0645\u0628\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0646 \u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0623\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0633\u064a\u064f\u0639\u062f\u064f\u0651\u0647 \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0641\u0627\u062f\u062d \u0623\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0626\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0625\u0630 \u0636\u0645\u064e\u0651 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0623\u0642\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0621.\n<\/p>\n<\/section>\n

\n

\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0631\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0632\u064a\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0644\u0648\u0643\u0648\u0633\u062a)<\/h2>\n

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\n[7]<\/a><\/sup>.\n<\/p>\n

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\n\u0623\u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0632\u064a \u062e\u0645\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u062e\u0635\u064e\u0651\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0644\u062a\u0635\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0648\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0632: \u0634\u064a\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0648 (\u0643\u0648\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0641)\u060c \u0648\u0628\u064a\u0644\u062c\u064a\u062a\u0633\u060c \u0648\u0633\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0628\u0648\u0631\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0631\u064a\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0646\u0643\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0648\u0634\u0641\u064a\u062a\u0632-\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0643\u0646\u0627\u0648 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0648\u0644\u0646\u062f\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0644\u0629. \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0645\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631 \u0623\u0648\u0634\u0641\u064a\u062a\u0632-\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0643\u0646\u0627\u0648 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0647 \u0644\u0642\u064a \u0645\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0645\u0626\u0629 \u0623\u0644\u0641 \u0634\u062e\u0635 \u062d\u062a\u0641\u0647\u0645\u060c \u062a\u0633\u0639\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0626\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0648\u062f
\n[8]<\/a><\/sup>.
\n\u0648\u0623\u0628\u0627\u062f\u062a \u0645\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0645\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u0629\u064b \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0628 \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0645\u0626\u062a\u064a \u0648\u0633\u0628\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0644\u0641 \u064a\u0647\u0648\u062f\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u064f\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0628 \u0646\u0635\u0641 \u0636\u062d\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0644\u0648\u0643\u0648\u0633\u062a\u060c \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u0642\u062a\u0644\u062a \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 (Einsatzgruppen) \u0645\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0635\u0627\u0635 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0632\u0631 \u0645\u064a\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0645\u062a\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0641\u064a\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0644\u0629. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0623\u062c\u0631\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0628\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0632\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0628 \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062d\u0634\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u062a\u062e\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u0648 \u0631\u062d\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0648\u064a\u064f\u0639\u062f\u064f\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u064a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0641 \u0645\u064a\u0646\u063a\u064a\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0639\u064f\u0631\u0641 \u0628\u0640”\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062a” \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0628\u0631\u0632 \u0647\u0624\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0631\u0645\u064a\u0646.\n<\/p>\n

\n\u0646\u062d\u0646 \u0646\u064f\u0634\u063a\u0650\u0651\u0644 \u0647\u0646\u0627 \u063a\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0632 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0639\u0629. \u0648\u0635\u0644\u0646\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u062b\u0646\u064a \u0639\u0634\u0631 \u0623\u0644\u0641 \u0634\u062e\u0635 \u064a\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0627\u064b.
\n\u2014 \u0631\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0644\u0641 \u0647\u0648\u0633\u060c \u0642\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0645\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631 \u0623\u0648\u0634\u0641\u064a\u062a\u0632\u060c \u0634\u0647\u0627\u062f\u062a\u0647 \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0646\u0648\u0631\u0646\u0628\u0631\u063a\u060c \u0623\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0644 1946<\/strong>\n<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

\n\u0634\u0647\u062f\u062a \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0643\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0646\u0648\u0631\u0646\u0628\u0631\u063a (1945-1946) \u0623\u0648\u0644 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0638\u064e\u0651\u0645 \u0644\u0645\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0636\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0625\u0630 \u0645\u064e\u062b\u064e\u0644 \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0639\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0643\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0642\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0632\u064a\u060c \u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0628\u062d\u0642 \u0627\u062b\u0646\u064a \u0639\u0634\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0645
\n[9]<\/a><\/sup>.
\n\u0648\u0623\u0631\u0633\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0643\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0626 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0631\u0627\u0633\u062e\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0623\u064f\u0648\u062f\u0639\u062a \u0644\u0627\u062d\u0642\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062c\u0646\u064a\u0641<\/a> \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u062b\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0635\u0627\u0631\u062a \u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632\u0629 \u062d\u0636\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0627 \u063a\u0646\u0649 \u0639\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629.\n<\/p>\n<\/section>\n

\n

\u0627\u0646\u0639\u0643\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0651 \u0648\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631 (1942-1944)<\/h2>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0631\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u062f\u064a: \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0631\u064a\u0629<\/h3>\n

\n\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0647\u062c\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0644 \u0647\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631\u060c \u062d\u0642\u064e\u0651\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062e\u0627\u0637\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0645\u062a\u062f\u064e\u0651\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0648\u0646\u063a \u0643\u0648\u0646\u063a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0625\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0628\u0648\u0631\u0645\u0627 \u0648\u0633\u0646\u063a\u0627\u0641\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u062c\u062a\u064a\u0627\u062d \u0648\u0635\u0641 \u0622\u0646\u0630\u0627\u0643 \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0623\u0633\u0631\u0639 \u062a\u0648\u0633\u0639 \u0625\u0645\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e. \u0628\u064a\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u0645\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u064a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u062f\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0648\u064e\u0651\u0644\u062a \u0641\u064a \u064a\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0648 1942 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0645\u064a\u062f\u0648\u0627\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u063a\u0631\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639 \u062d\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0637\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0627\u062a \u064a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0645\u064f\u0642\u0648\u0650\u0651\u0636\u0629\u064b \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0628\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0641\u064e \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u0645\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0637\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0637\u0648\u0643\u064a\u0648. \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 “\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0641\u0632 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0631” (Island Hopping) \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0635\u0627\u063a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0631\u0627\u0644 \u062f\u0648\u063a\u0644\u0627\u0633 \u0645\u0627\u0643 \u0622\u0631\u062b\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0645\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0634\u064a\u0633\u062a\u0631 \u0646\u064a\u0645\u064a\u062a\u0632\u060c \u0648\u0642\u0636\u062a \u0628\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0642\u0637\u0639 \u062e\u0637\u0648\u0637 \u0625\u0645\u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0648\u0636\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u062d\u0627\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629\u064b\u060c \u0628\u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0642\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0625\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u062f\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0644\u0627 \u0637\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627.\n<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0632\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0648\u0631\u0645\u0627\u0646\u062f\u064a: \u064a\u0648\u0645 D-Day<\/h3>\n

\n\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062f\u0633 \u0645\u0646 \u064a\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0648 1944\u060c \u0646\u064f\u0641\u0650\u0651\u0630\u062a \u0623\u0636\u062e\u0645 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0646\u0632\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u062d\u0631\u064a \u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0634\u0648\u0627\u0637\u0626 \u0646\u0648\u0631\u0645\u0627\u0646\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0629. \u062a\u0636\u0645\u064e\u0651\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062e\u0645\u0633\u0629 \u0622\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0633\u0641\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0628\u060c \u0648\u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0627\u062b\u0646\u064a \u0639\u0634\u0631 \u0623\u0644\u0641 \u0637\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0626\u0629 \u0648\u062e\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0644\u0641 \u062c\u0646\u062f\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0647. \u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0634\u0627\u0637\u0626 \u0623\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0634\u0631\u0633 \u0631\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0641\u0639\u0644 \u062f\u0641\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0625\u0630 \u0633\u0642\u0637 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0623\u0644\u0641\u064a \u0642\u062a\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u0645\u0635\u0627\u0628\u060c \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u062a\u0645\u0643\u064e\u0651\u0646\u0648\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u062b\u0628\u064a\u062a \u0645\u0648\u0637\u0626 \u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0644
\n[10]<\/a><\/sup>.
\n\u0641\u062a\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0632\u0627\u0644 \u062c\u0628\u0647\u0629\u064b \u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629\u064b \u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0637\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627 \u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0633\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0644\u0623\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0628\u0648\u0633\u0627\u064b \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0627\u064b \u062e\u0637\u064a\u0631\u0627\u064b: \u0642\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0628\u0647\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u064f\u062e\u0641\u064e\u0651\u0641 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u064a\u064d\u0651 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649. \u0648\u0628\u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u0623\u063a\u0633\u0637\u0633 1944 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u0642\u062f \u062a\u062d\u0631\u064e\u0651\u0631\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u062d\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0621 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629.\n<\/p>\n<\/section>\n

\n

\u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0627 (1945)<\/h2>\n

\n\u0645\u0639 \u0628\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1945\u060c \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0623\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u064f\u062d\u062a\u0636\u064e\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0645\u0627\u0634\u0629 \u0642\u0627\u062a\u0644\u0629: \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0641\u064a\u062a\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0628\u0639\u0632\u0645 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0644\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0642\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0632\u062d\u0641 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628. \u0641\u064a \u064a\u0646\u0627\u064a\u0631 1945\u060c \u0623\u0637\u0644\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0645\u0631 \u0647\u062c\u0648\u0645\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0644\u0627\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064e\u0651\u0645 \u0628\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u062e\u0627\u0637\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u064f\u0642\u0627\u062a\u0650\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0634\u0648\u0627\u0631\u0639 \u0628\u0631\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0630\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627. \u0648\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0647\u062a\u0644\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u064a\u0627\u0626\u0633\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0634\u0639\u0644 \u062d\u0631\u064a\u0642 “\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0631\u0648\u0642\u0629” \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627 \u0628\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u062c\u0646\u0631\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u062a\u062f\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u064a\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u0648\u0632\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0644\u064a\u062d \u0623\u0644\u0628\u0631\u062a \u0634\u0628\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0631\u0641\u0636 \u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0648\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0639\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0647. \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0644 1945\u060c \u0648\u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0645\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u064f\u0639\u062f \u062e\u0637\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062e\u0628\u0626\u0647\u060c \u0623\u0637\u0644\u0642 \u0647\u062a\u0644\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0631\u0623\u0633\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0628\u0648 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062a\u0647 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0631\u0644\u064a\u0646. \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0627\u064a\u0648 1945 \u0648\u0642\u064e\u0651\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u062b\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0637 \u0625\u064a\u0630\u0627\u0646\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0627 \u0648\u0645\u0627 \u0639\u064f\u0631\u0641 \u0628\u0640”\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0627” (V-E Day)
\n[4]<\/a><\/sup>.\n<\/p>\n<\/section>\n

\n

\u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u064a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0646\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0631\u064a\u0629<\/h2>\n

\n\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062a\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u064a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0628\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0627. \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u063a\u0632\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u0646 (\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u0648\u0644) \u062a\u064f\u0642\u062f\u0650\u0651\u0631 \u062e\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0631\u062b\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u062f \u062a\u0628\u0644\u063a \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062a\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0623\u0636\u0639\u0627\u0641 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0641\u064a \u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0645\u0627 \u0643\u0634\u0641\u062a\u0647 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0643 \u0625\u064a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u0648\u0623\u0648\u0643\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0634\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0622\u062b\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0644\u0627\u0643 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0634\u0628\u0647 \u0645\u0637\u0644\u0642.\n<\/p>\n

\n\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062f\u0633 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u063a\u0633\u0637\u0633 1945\u060c \u0623\u0633\u0642\u0637\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0630\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 B-29 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0648\u0641\u0629 \u0628\u0640”\u0625\u064a\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0627 \u063a\u0627\u064a” \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0646\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0631\u064a\u0629 “Little Boy” \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0647\u064a\u0631\u0648\u0634\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u063a\u0631\u0628 \u062c\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0647\u0648\u0646\u0634\u0648\u060c \u0641\u0623\u0633\u0641\u0631\u062a \u0639\u0646 \u0645\u0642\u062a\u0644 \u0645\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0633\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0644\u0641\u0627\u064b \u0648\u0645\u0626\u0629 \u0648\u0633\u062a\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0644\u0641 \u0634\u062e\u0635 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649\u060c \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u0642\u0636\u0649 \u0622\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0622\u062e\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0644\u0627\u062d\u0642\u0627\u064b \u0645\u062a\u0623\u062b\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0639\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0648\u064a
\n[11]<\/a><\/sup>.
\n\u0648\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u063a\u0633\u0637\u0633 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0641\u064a\u062a\u064a<\/a> \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0634\u0646\u064e\u0651 \u0647\u062c\u0648\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627\u060c \u062b\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0633\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0647\u0631 \u0630\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0623\u0633\u0642\u0637\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0642\u0646\u0628\u0644\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 “Fat Man” \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0646\u0627\u063a\u0627\u0632\u0627\u0643\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0648\u062f\u0649 \u0628\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0645\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0633\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0644\u0641\u0627\u064b \u0648\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0644\u0641 \u0634\u062e\u0635
\n[12]<\/a><\/sup>.
\n\u0648\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0645\u0633 \u0639\u0634\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u063a\u0633\u0637\u0633 \u0623\u0630\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0647\u064a\u0631\u0648\u0647\u064a\u062a\u0648 \u062e\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0646\u0627\u064b \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0623\u0648\u0644 \u062e\u0637\u0627\u0628 \u064a\u0633\u0645\u0639\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0625\u0645\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0637\u0648\u0631\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0648\u0642\u064e\u0651\u0639\u062a \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u062b\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0633\u0628\u062a\u0645\u0628\u0631 1945.\n<\/p>\n

\n\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0632\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0646\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u062c\u062f\u0644 \u0623\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642\u064a \u0648\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a \u062d\u0627\u062f \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645: \u064a\u0631\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u064a\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0628\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u0646\u0642\u0630\u062a \u0645\u0644\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0648\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0633\u064a\u0648\u062f\u064a \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0632\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0641\u064a \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u062d\u062a\u062c\u064f\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u062a\u0633\u062a\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0633\u064f\u0628\u064f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0646\u0628\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0628\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0623\u0633\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u064a\u0645\u062b\u0650\u0651\u0644 \u062c\u0631\u064a\u0645\u0629\u064b \u0623\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0635\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u064a\u064f\u0636\u064a\u0641 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0631\u062e\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u064f\u0639\u062f\u0627\u064b \u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u064b \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0641\u064a\u062a: \u0625\u0630 \u0623\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0625\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u062f\u062e\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0641\u064a\u062a \u0644\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0648\u0633\u0639\u064d \u062a\u0627\u0645\u064d\u0651 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u064f\u0636\u0637\u0631\u064f\u0651\u0648\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0644.\n<\/p>\n<\/section>\n

\n

\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629<\/h2>\n

\n\u062a\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u062a \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0636\u062d\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u062a\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0638\u0627\u064b \u0628\u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u064e\u0651\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062a\u064a\u0644\u060c \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u0646 \u0623\u063a\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u0650\u0651\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0633\u0628\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u062e\u0645\u0633\u0629 \u0648\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0642\u062a\u064a\u0644\u060c \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u062b\u0644\u062b\u064a\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646
\n[13]<\/a><\/sup>.
\n\u062a\u064f\u0639\u062f\u064f\u0651 \u062e\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0641\u064a\u062a\u064a<\/a> \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0636\u062e\u0645 \u0628\u0644\u0627 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0632\u0639\u060c \u0625\u0630 \u0642\u0636\u0649 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0633\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0639\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0633\u0648\u0641\u064a\u062a\u064a \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628\u060c \u062c\u0646\u062f\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0648\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u062b\u0650\u0651\u0644 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0639\u0634\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0626\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u0622\u0646\u0630\u0627\u0643. \u0648\u0642\u062a\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0646\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0645\u0631 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0628 \u0633\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062d\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0626\u0647\u0627
\n[6]<\/a><\/sup>.
\n\u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u0642\u062f \u062e\u0633\u0631\u062a \u0645\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u062e\u0645\u0633\u0629 \u0639\u0634\u0631 \u0648\u0639\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0631\u0642\u0645 \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0627 \u063a\u0627\u0628 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u062a\u064f\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0632\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1937. \u0648\u062e\u0633\u0631\u062a \u0628\u0648\u0644\u0646\u062f\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0628 \u062e\u0645\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0645\u0626\u0629 \u0623\u0644\u0641 \u0634\u062e\u0635 \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u062b\u0650\u0651\u0644 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0639\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0626\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0625\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644.\n<\/p>\n

\n\u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0639\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a\u060c \u062f\u0645\u064e\u0651\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0645\u062f\u0646\u0627\u064b \u0648\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0645\u062a\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0642\u0627\u0631\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644. \u0642\u064f\u062f\u0650\u0651\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0623\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0629. \u062f\u064f\u0645\u0650\u0651\u0631\u062a \u0648\u0631\u0633\u0648\u0641 \u0648\u0643\u0648\u0641\u0646\u062a\u0631\u064a \u0648\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0648 \u0648\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633\u062f\u0646 \u0648\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0646\u063a\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0643\u064a\u064a\u0641 \u0648\u0639\u0634\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u062a\u062f\u0645\u064a\u0631\u0627\u064b \u062c\u0632\u0626\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0623\u0648 \u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627\u064b. \u0648\u0642\u064f\u062f\u0650\u0651\u0631\u062a \u062e\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633\u062f\u0646 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0635\u0641 \u0641\u0628\u0631\u0627\u064a\u0631 1945 \u0628\u0639\u0634\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0633\u0637 \u062c\u062f\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a
\n[10]<\/a><\/sup>.
\n\u0648\u0634\u0631\u064e\u0651\u062f\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0634\u062e\u0635 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0627 \u0648\u0622\u0633\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0647\u0645\u0627\u060c \u0645\u064f\u0648\u0644\u0650\u0651\u062f\u0629\u064b \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0623\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0627\u062c\u0626\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0646.\n<\/p>\n<\/section>\n

\n

\u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0627\u062a<\/h2>\n

\u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0631\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629<\/h3>\n

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\n[14]<\/a><\/sup>.
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\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0648\u064a<\/h3>\n

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\n

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