{"id":1093,"date":"2026-08-03T00:41:54","date_gmt":"2026-08-03T00:41:54","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/cosmalore.com\/ar\/?p=1093"},"modified":"2026-08-08T00:45:16","modified_gmt":"2026-08-08T00:45:16","slug":"the-iran-iraq-war","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/cosmalore.com\/ar\/2026\/08\/03\/the-iran-iraq-war\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629"},"content":{"rendered":"

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\n

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\n\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0639\u0632\u0644 \u0639\u0646 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u0645\u062a\u0634\u0639\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0632\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u0631\u0633\u062a \u0623\u0633\u0633\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u0645\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0637\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0633\u0628\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0631\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0642\u0631\u0648\u0646. \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0641\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0636\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u064a\u062f\u0627\u0646\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0633 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0637\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062f\u0633 \u0639\u0634\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0646\u0638\u064e\u0651\u0645\u062a \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0647\u062f\u0629 \u0623\u0631\u0636\u0631\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1823 \u062b\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1847 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u064e \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u0628\u0642\u0627\u0621 \u0634\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0648\u0647\u0631\u0647
\n[1]<\/a><\/sup>.
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\n[2]<\/a><\/sup>.
\n\u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0633\u062d\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0646\u0636\u0648\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u060c \u062a\u0635\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0632\u0627\u0639 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0638\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0644\u063a \u0645\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0627\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0632\u0645\u0629 1969-1975 \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u064a\u064e\u0651\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0647 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0631\u0636\u0627 \u0628\u0647\u0644\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0648\u0641\u062a\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u064a \u0628\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u062d\u0627\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u064f\u0633\u0648\u064e\u0651\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0624\u0642\u062a\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633 1975.\n<\/p>\n

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\n[2]<\/a><\/sup>.
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\n\u0623\u062d\u062f\u062b\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0641\u0628\u0631\u0627\u064a\u0631 1979 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u0637\u0627\u062d\u062a \u0628\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0647 \u0648\u0623\u0631\u0633\u062a \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0622\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0631\u0648\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0645\u064a\u0646\u064a \u0632\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0636\u062e\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0635\u062f\u0649 \u062d\u0627\u062f \u0628\u0635\u0641\u0629 \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u062b \u0641\u064a \u0628\u063a\u062f\u0627\u062f. \u0641\u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649\u060c \u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0635\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0647\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u0633\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0645\u064a\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0631\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u062f\u064a\u0646\u0647 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0627 \u064a\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0630\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u063a\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0631\u0636\u0627\u064b \u062e\u0635\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0635\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629
\n[3]<\/a><\/sup>.
\n\u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u062f\u0623\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0637\u0647\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u062a\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0646\u0627\u064b \u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0636\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0648\u062a\u0634\u062c\u0651\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0636 \u0636\u062f \u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0627 \u0631\u0623\u0649 \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0635\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u062a\u062d\u0631\u0634\u0627\u064b \u0633\u0627\u0641\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u064a. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0644\u062c\u0623\u062a \u0628\u063a\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0631\u062d\u064a\u0644 \u0639\u0634\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u064f\u0628\u0631\u0648\u0627 \u0630\u0648\u064a \u0623\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0635\u0639\u064e\u0651\u062f\u062a \u0648\u062a\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u063a\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0636\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0636\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u0628\u0631\u0632\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u063a\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0644 \u0646\u0627\u0626\u0628 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0637\u0627\u0631\u0642 \u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0644 1980 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0646\u064f\u0633\u0628\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0639 \u0622\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0642\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0631.\n<\/p>\n

\n\u0631\u0623\u0649 \u0635\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0636\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062e\u0644\u064e\u0651\u0641\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0637\u0647\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u0632\u0627\u062d\u062a \u0622\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0628\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u064e\u0651\u0628\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0642\u062f \u0623\u062a\u0627\u062d\u062a \u0644\u0647 \u0641\u0631\u0635\u0629 \u0630\u0647\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0634\u0646 \u0636\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u062a\u064f\u062d\u0633\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0631 \u0648\u062a\u064f\u0639\u064a\u062f \u0631\u0633\u0645 \u062e\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0648\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0623\u0636\u0627\u0641 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0637\u0645\u0648\u062d\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0647\u064a\u0645\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0628\u0648\u0635\u0641\u0647 \u0648\u0631\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0625\u062b\u0631 \u062a\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639 \u0645\u0635\u0631 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u062a\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0643\u0627\u0645\u0628 \u062f\u064a\u0641\u064a\u062f \u0639\u0627\u0645 1978 \u0648\u0639\u0632\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0627\u064b
\n[1]<\/a><\/sup>.
\n\u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u062b\u0645\u0629 \u062f\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0639 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0635\u0631\u064a\u062d\u0629 \u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0625\u0630 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638\u0629 \u062e\u0648\u0632\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0637 \u062a\u064f\u063a\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0645\u0648\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628 \u064a\u0637\u0644\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u0645 “\u0639\u0631\u0628\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646” \u0648\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0636\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629.\n<\/p>\n<\/section>\n

\n

\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628<\/h2>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u064a\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u064a \u0648\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0634 (1980)<\/h3>\n

\n\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0639\u0634\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0633\u0628\u062a\u0645\u0628\u0631 1980\u060c \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0646 \u0635\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u062e\u0637\u0627\u0628 \u0645\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u064a \u0625\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0621\u0647 \u0628\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u062d\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629\u064e \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 1975\u060c \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0632\u0639\u0645\u0647 \u0623\u0646 \u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0642\u0635\u0641\u062a \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0647\u0631 \u0630\u0627\u062a\u0647\u060c \u0645\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0628\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628
\n[4]<\/a><\/sup>.
\n\u0648\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0633\u0628\u062a\u0645\u0628\u0631 1980\u060c \u0634\u0646\u064e\u0651\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0636\u0631\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0641\u0627\u062c\u0626\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u062f\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u0633\u0644\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0642\u0631 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u0647\u060c \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0644\u0647\u0650\u0645\u0629\u064b \u062a\u062c\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0631\u0628 \u064a\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0648 1967. \u0628\u064a\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u064f\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641\u0647\u0627\u061b \u0625\u0630 \u062f\u064f\u0645\u0650\u0651\u0631 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062a\u0643\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062e\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u062a\u064f\u0630\u0643\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0637\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627
\n[5]<\/a><\/sup>.\n<\/p>\n

\n\u062a\u0648\u063a\u064e\u0651\u0644\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0628\u0644\u063a \u062a\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0645\u0626\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0633\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0644\u0641 \u062c\u0646\u062f\u064a
\n[6]<\/a><\/sup>\u060c
\n\u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0637\u0648\u0644 \u062e\u0637 \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u064a \u064a\u0645\u062a\u062f \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0645\u0626\u0629 \u0643\u064a\u0644\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631\u060c \u0645\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0650\u0651\u0645\u0629\u064b \u0628\u0639\u0645\u0642 \u064a\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0648\u062d \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0643\u064a\u0644\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631\u0627\u064b \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638\u0629 \u062e\u0648\u0632\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0631 \u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u063a\u0636\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0639 \u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062a\u0645\u0643\u064e\u0651\u0646 \u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u0642\u0648\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u0637\u0631\u0628\u0629. \u0648\u062d\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0645\u064e\u0651\u0631\u0629 (\u062e\u0631\u0645\u0634\u0647\u0631) \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0643 \u0637\u0627\u062d\u0646\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u064f\u0639\u062f\u064f\u0651 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0636\u0627\u0631\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0628\u0623\u0633\u0631\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u062a\u064f\u0633\u0645\u0649 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 “\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0645” \u062a\u062e\u0644\u064a\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0636\u062d\u0627\u064a\u0627\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062b\u0627\u0631. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u062d\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u064a \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u062e\u0648\u0632\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0623\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0648\u0641\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0635\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u062e\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0637\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f. \u0648\u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u062d\u064a\u0627\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0633\u0648\u0649 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0631\u0642\u0645 479 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0645\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0633\u0628\u062a\u0645\u0628\u0631 1980 \u064a\u062f\u0639\u0648 \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u0642\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062a\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u0636\u060c \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u0646 \u0643\u0644\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0639\u0646\u0647 \u0648\u0623\u0647\u0645\u0644\u0647
\n[7]<\/a><\/sup>.\n<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0645\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0643\u0633 (1981-1982)<\/h3>\n

\n\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0628\u063a\u062f\u0627\u062f\u060c \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0631 \u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u0633\u0644\u0645 \u0628\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u062a\u062d\u0648\u064e\u0651\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0627\u0639\u062a\u064f\u0642\u062f \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0623\u064f\u0635\u064a\u0628 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0644\u0644 \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u062a\u0637\u0647\u064a\u0631 \u0643\u0648\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0625\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u064a\u0634 \u0642\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0635\u0644\u0628 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u0632\u064a\u062c \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062e\u0631\u064e\u0651\u062c\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0642\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u064a (\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0633\u064a\u062c) \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u0641\u0631\u0632\u062a \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0646. \u0648\u0628\u0645\u0631\u0648\u0631 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1981 \u0648\u0623\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1982 \u0628\u062f\u0623\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0629 \u062a\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0644\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d \u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0628\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0645\u0643\u064e\u0651\u0646\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0641\u0628\u0631\u0627\u064a\u0631 1982 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0623\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0632\u0639\u062a \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0636\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u064a
\n[7]<\/a><\/sup>.
\n\u0648\u0634\u0643\u064e\u0651\u0644\u062a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062e\u0631\u0645\u0634\u0647\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0627\u064a\u0648 1982 \u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u0648\u064f\u0651\u0644 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628\u061b \u0625\u0630 \u0631\u064f\u062f\u064e\u0651\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062e\u0637\u0648\u0637 \u0645\u0627 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0628\u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u064a\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0648 1982 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0639\u064a\u062f\u0629\u064b \u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0623\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0644\u0629
\n[4]<\/a><\/sup>.
\n\u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0625\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0634\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062e\u0645\u064a\u0646\u064a \u0631\u0641\u0636 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0648\u0623\u0635\u0631\u064e\u0651 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0625\u0633\u0642\u0627\u0637 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u062b \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 “\u062a\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0643\u0631\u0628\u0644\u0627\u0621”\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u062d\u0648\u064e\u0651\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0627\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u0631\u0628 \u062f\u0641\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0647\u062c\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632\u062a \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629.\n<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u063a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0648\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u0632\u0627\u0641 (1982-1987)<\/h3>\n

\n\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u064a\u0646\u0627\u064a\u0631 1987 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0631\u0628\u0644\u0627\u0621 5\u060c \u062f\u062e\u0644\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u0632\u0627\u0641 \u0645\u0631\u0648\u0650\u0651\u0639\u0629. \u0634\u0646\u064e\u0651\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062c\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0623\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0647\u0627\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u062a\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0636\u0645\u064e\u0651\u0646\u062a \u0634\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0633\u064a\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u064f\u0642\u062f\u0648\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u064a\u064f\u0639\u0628\u0650\u0651\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0623\u062c\u0633\u0627\u062f\u0647\u0645 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0648\u0639\u0648\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0647\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0629
\n[1]<\/a><\/sup>.
\n\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u060c \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u062e\u0637\u0627\u064b \u062f\u0641\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0645\u062a\u064a\u0646\u0627\u064b \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0628\u0623\u0633\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u062d\u0635\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628 \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0641\u064a\u062a\u064a<\/a> \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u062f\u064d\u0651 \u0633\u0648\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0628\u0627\u062a\u062a \u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0641\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629.\n<\/p>\n

\n\u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0639\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0628\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0633\u064a\u060c \u0623\u062d\u0627\u0637\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u062d\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0639\u0631\u064a\u0636\u0629\u061b \u0641\u0645\u0648\u0644\u064e\u0651\u062a \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u064a\u062a \u062c\u064f\u0644\u064e\u0651 \u0646\u0641\u0642\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0632\u0648\u064e\u0651\u062f\u062a\u0647 \u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u0627 \u0628\u0637\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u0627\u0632 \u0645\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062c \u0648\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0631\u0641\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0645\u062f\u064e\u0651\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0641\u064a\u062a\u064a<\/a> \u0628\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062f\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u0633\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u062b\u0642\u064a\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0633\u0647\u0645\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0639\u0645\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0628\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0633\u064a
\n[8]<\/a><\/sup>.
\n\u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0641\u0644\u0645 \u062a\u062c\u062f \u0633\u0648\u0649 \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0644\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0635\u0641\u0650\u0651\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0645\u0639\u0632\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0641 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0625\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a \u0639\u0631\u064a\u0636.\n<\/p>\n<\/section>\n

\n

\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628<\/h2>\n

\n\u064a\u064f\u0639\u062f\u064f\u0651 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0628\u0634\u0639 \u0645\u0627 \u0633\u062c\u064e\u0651\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u060c \u0625\u0630 \u0648\u062b\u064e\u0651\u0642\u062a \u0641\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u062c\u0650\u0651\u0647\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u062c \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0633\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646\u0641\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u062b\u0628\u062a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0636\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646
\n[9]<\/a><\/sup>.
\n\u0648\u0648\u062c\u064e\u0651\u0647 \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0641\u0628\u0631\u0627\u064a\u0631 1986 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u0631\u0642\u0645 582 “\u064a\u0623\u0633\u0641” \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u064a\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u064a\u064f\u0630\u0643\u0631. \u0627\u0633\u062a\u064f\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0643\u0644\u064c\u0651 \u0645\u0646 \u063a\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u062f\u0644 \u0648\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0635\u0627\u0628 \u0643\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 VX \u0641\u064a \u0647\u062c\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0648\u062b\u064e\u0651\u0642\u0629 \u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0637\u0627\u0644\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062c\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0642\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0636\u0639 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0637\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628.\n<\/p>\n

\u0645\u062c\u0632\u0631\u0629 \u062d\u0644\u0628\u062c\u0629<\/h3>\n

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\n[10]<\/a><\/sup>.
\n\u0631\u0627\u062d \u0636\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062c\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062d\u0634 \u0645\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0622\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0648\u0645\u0626\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u062e\u0645\u0633\u0629 \u0622\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u064f\u0635\u064a\u0628 \u0645\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0633\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0622\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0648\u0639\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0622\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0634\u062e\u0635 \u0622\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0625\u0635\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0641\u0627\u0644
\n[11]<\/a><\/sup>.
\n\u0648\u0642\u062f \u062f\u064f\u0628\u0650\u0651\u0631\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642 \u062d\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0641\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u0634\u0631\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0628\u0640”\u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u0627\u0648\u064a”\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u062f\u0641\u062a \u0625\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u062f\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642.\n<\/p>\n

\n\u062d\u0644\u0628\u062c\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f \u0647\u062c\u0648\u0645 \u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a\u061b \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u062f\u0645\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u064f\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u0637\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0631\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u062f.
\n\u2014 \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0647\u064a\u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0631\u0627\u064a\u062a\u0633 \u0648\u0648\u062a\u0634\u060c 1993<\/strong>\n<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

\n\u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u062d\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0641\u0627\u0644 \u0642\u062f \u0627\u0646\u0637\u0644\u0642\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0641\u0628\u0631\u0627\u064a\u0631 1988 \u0648\u0627\u0645\u062a\u062f\u062a \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0623\u063a\u0633\u0637\u0633 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0630\u0627\u062a\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0646\u064f\u0641\u0650\u0651\u0630\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0634\u0645\u0644\u062a \u062d\u0635\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u0641 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0647\u062c\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0642\u0633\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0648\u062a\u062f\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0622\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0642\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0633\u0641\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u0645\u0642\u062a\u0644 \u0645\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u062e\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0644\u0641\u0627\u064b \u0648\u0645\u0626\u0629 \u0623\u0644\u0641 \u0643\u0631\u062f\u064a \u0648\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a
\n[12]<\/a><\/sup>.
\n\u0648\u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 2010 \u0623\u0635\u062f\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0627 \u062d\u0643\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0648\u0635\u0641 \u0647\u062c\u0648\u0645 \u062d\u0644\u0628\u062c\u0629 \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0625\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0636\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0630\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0628\u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u064a\u062f \u0625\u062b\u0631 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u062a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062c\u0648\u0645.\n<\/p>\n<\/section>\n

\n

\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a<\/h2>\n

\n\u0645\u0639 \u062a\u062d\u0648\u064f\u0651\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u0632\u0627\u0641 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0633\u0639\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062e\u0646\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0646\u0627\u0642\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0637 \u0648\u0633\u0641\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062d\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0626 \u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0628\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0621\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0627\u064a\u0648 1984. \u0648\u0631\u062f\u064e\u0651\u062a \u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0641\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u062f\u0641\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0639\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u060c \u0641\u062a\u062d\u0648\u064e\u0651\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0628\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u064f\u0631\u0641\u062a \u0628\u0640”\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0644\u0627\u062a”
\n[13]<\/a><\/sup>.
\n\u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0639\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631\u064a \u0639\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0628 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062c\u0633\u064a\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0625\u0630 \u0647\u062f\u064e\u0651\u062f \u0623\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u062c \u0648\u0645\u0636\u064a\u0642 \u0647\u0631\u0645\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0639\u0628\u0631\u0647 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0639\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0638\u0645\u0649.\n<\/p>\n

\n\u0644\u062c\u0623\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u064a\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0641\u064a\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0638\u0644\u0629 \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0637\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0623\u0639\u0627\u062f\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0644 \u0646\u0627\u0642\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0643\u0648\u064a\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u062f\u0641\u0639\u062a \u0628\u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0633\u0637\u0648\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u062c \u0628\u062f\u0621\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1987 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0627 \u0633\u064f\u0645\u0650\u0651\u064a \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 “Earnest Will”. \u0648\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064e\u0651\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0628\u0644\u063a\u062a \u0630\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 “Praying Mantis” \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0644 1988\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062e\u0627\u0636 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0643 \u0628\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0628\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0635\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0631\u062e\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0634\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0643 \u0628\u062d\u0631\u064a \u062a\u062e\u0648\u0636\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629<\/a>
\n[14]<\/a><\/sup>.\n<\/p>\n

\n\u0648\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b \u0645\u0646 \u064a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0648 1988 \u0648\u0642\u0639\u062a \u0643\u0627\u0631\u062b\u0629 \u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062b\u0631\u061b \u0623\u0633\u0642\u0637\u062a \u0637\u0627\u0642\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a USS Vincennes \u0637\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0629 \u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u0627\u0632 \u0625\u064a\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0635 A300 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 655 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0637\u0648\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0645\u0642\u0627\u062a\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0648\u062f\u0639\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0631\u062b\u0629 \u0628\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0631\u0643\u0627\u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a \u0639\u062f\u062f\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0626\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u062a\u0633\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0634\u062e\u0635\u0627\u064b
\n[13]<\/a><\/sup>.
\n\u064a\u0631\u0649 \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627\u064b \u062d\u0627\u0633\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0639 \u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u0643\u0629 \u0628\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644 \u0648\u0642\u0641 \u0625\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0625\u0630 \u0623\u0642\u0646\u0639\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u062a\u062a \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u062e\u0648\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0633\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0648 \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0643\u0646 \u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0646\u0632\u0641\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u062c\u0631\u0624 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u062a\u0647.\n<\/p>\n<\/section>\n

\n

\u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0648\u0648\u0642\u0641 \u0625\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0631<\/h2>\n

\n\u0623\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u064a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0648 1987 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u0631\u0642\u0645 598 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u060c \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u064b \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0648\u0642\u0641 \u0641\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0644\u0625\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0646\u0633\u062d\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062a\u0631\u0641 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0644 \u0623\u0633\u0631\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628\u060c \u0648\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0639\u062b\u064e \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630
\n[15]<\/a><\/sup>.
\n\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0623\u062e\u0631\u062a \u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0625\u0630 \u0648\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0645\u064a\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644 \u0628\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0646 “\u0643\u0623\u0633 \u0645\u0633\u0645\u0648\u0645”. \u0648\u062c\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062e\u0645\u064a\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644\u0647 \u0644\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0641 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0623\u062c\u0644 \u0645\u0635\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0634\u064a\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u0634\u062f \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629\u064b \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645. \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0639\u0634\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u064a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0648 1988 \u0623\u0628\u0644\u063a\u062a \u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0644\u062a\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u063a\u0633\u0637\u0633 1988
\n[16]<\/a><\/sup>.\n<\/p>\n

\n\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u0634\u062f \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0646\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0634\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u060c \u0628\u064a\u062f \u0623\u0646\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0636\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0648\u0631\u0636\u0627\u0647 \u0648\u0628\u0642\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629.
\n\u2014 \u0622\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0631\u0648\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0645\u064a\u0646\u064a\u060c \u064a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0648 1988<\/strong>\n<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

\n\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u064f\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0623\u064a\u064c\u0651 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064f\u0639\u0644\u0646\u0629\u061b \u0641\u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0646\u062a\u0632\u0639 \u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0625\u0633\u0642\u0627\u0637 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u062b\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0645 \u064a\u064f\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0642\u0628\u0636\u062a\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0634\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628 \u0623\u0648 \u064a\u064f\u0647\u064a\u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u062c. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0645\u062a \u0628\u063a\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062e\u0637\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062a\u0631\u0641 \u0628\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0636\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644 \u0634\u0631\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0635\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0621\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u0627\u0641. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0623\u0646\u0641\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0628\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u063a\u0631\u0642 \u0645\u0644\u0641 \u062a\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0644 \u0623\u0633\u0631\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0639\u0642\u0648\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u064f\u0633\u062a\u0643\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0646\u0647\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629.\n<\/p>\n<\/section>\n

\n

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\n[1]<\/a><\/sup>.
\n\u0648\u0628\u0644\u063a \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u062d\u0649 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0648\u064e\u0651\u0642\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0645\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0634\u062e\u0635\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0648 \u0623\u0636\u0641\u0646\u0627 \u0636\u062d\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0641\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0642\u064f\u062f\u0650\u0651\u0631\u062a \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u062e\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0644\u0641 \u0648\u0645\u0626\u0629 \u0623\u0644\u0641 \u0642\u062a\u064a\u0644\u060c \u062a\u062a\u0636\u062e\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0644\u0642\u064a \u0645\u0626\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u062a\u0633\u0639\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0627\u064b \u062d\u062a\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0625\u0633\u0642\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0623
\n[13]<\/a><\/sup>.
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\n[17]<\/a><\/sup>.\n<\/p>\n

\n\u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0647\u0627\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u0645\u061b \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0642\u062f\u064e\u0651\u0631\u062a \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0625\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0643\u0644\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639\u0645\u0626\u0629 \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0631
\n[18]<\/a><\/sup>\u060c
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\n

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\n[8]<\/a><\/sup>.
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\n

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\n

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